US20180289559A1 - Extensible dressings - Google Patents

Extensible dressings Download PDF

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Publication number
US20180289559A1
US20180289559A1 US15/950,326 US201815950326A US2018289559A1 US 20180289559 A1 US20180289559 A1 US 20180289559A1 US 201815950326 A US201815950326 A US 201815950326A US 2018289559 A1 US2018289559 A1 US 2018289559A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
layer
dressing
force
sigmoidal
optionally
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US15/950,326
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English (en)
Inventor
Leonardo Caneppele
Andre Narcizo
Paulo Cesar de Godoy Oriani
Carmine Rizzo
Andre Luiz Santos
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Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc
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Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc filed Critical Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc
Priority to US15/950,326 priority Critical patent/US20180289559A1/en
Assigned to JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER INC. reassignment JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CANEPPELE, Leonardo, DE GODOY ORIANI, PAULO CESAR, NARCIZO, Andre, SANTOS, ANDRE LUIZ, RIZZO, CARMINE
Publication of US20180289559A1 publication Critical patent/US20180289559A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/01—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings
    • A61F13/01021—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings characterised by the structure of the dressing
    • A61F13/01025—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings characterised by the structure of the dressing made of a single layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/01—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings
    • A61F13/01034—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings characterised by a property
    • A61F13/01038—Flexibility, stretchability or elasticity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/02—Adhesive bandages or dressings
    • A61F13/023—Adhesive bandages or dressings wound covering film layers without a fluid retention layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/02—Adhesive bandages or dressings
    • A61F13/023—Adhesive bandages or dressings wound covering film layers without a fluid retention layer
    • A61F13/0243—Adhesive bandages or dressings wound covering film layers without a fluid retention layer characterised by the properties of the skin contacting layer, e.g. air-vapor permeability
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/02—Adhesive bandages or dressings
    • A61F13/0259—Adhesive bandages or dressings characterised by the release liner covering the skin adhering layer
    • A61F13/0266—Adhesive bandages or dressings characterised by the release liner covering the skin adhering layer especially adapted for wound covering/occlusive dressings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L15/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/02—Adhesive bandages or dressings
    • A61F13/0203—Adhesive bandages or dressings with fluid retention members
    • A61F13/0206—Adhesive bandages or dressings with fluid retention members with absorbent fibrous layers, e.g. woven or non-woven absorbent pads or island dressings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/00361—Plasters
    • A61F2013/00544—Plasters form or structure
    • A61F2013/00582—Properties of backing
    • A61F2013/00595—Properties of backing breaking strain or extension
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/00361—Plasters
    • A61F2013/00544—Plasters form or structure
    • A61F2013/00604—Multilayer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/00361—Plasters
    • A61F2013/00655—Plasters adhesive

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to dressings such as bandages or tapes having improved extensibility and conformability to human skin and joints.
  • Dressings such as bandages and tapes for applying to and/or covering the skin have been known for some time. Such dressings have gained wide acceptance for closing minor wounds, protecting minor wounds and/or covering abrasions. In some instances, microporous or breathable, bandages or tapes have been developed and are used either to cover minor wounds (including wounds that have been partially healed).
  • the dressing While such dressings have been greatly improved over the years in that, for example, they have incorporated microporous materials allowing the wound to breath and permitting water vapor to escape from the wound, hence, reducing chances of wound maceration, there remains a need for dressing which provide improved extensibility and elasticity of the dressing such that the dressing will cover and accommodate the dimensional contours of skin or tissues and move with (i.e., accommodating movement of) that portion of the skin or tissues covered by or in contact with the dressing, particularly in the situation where the dressing covers or is in contact with areas of the human tissue associated with jointed regions such as the joints of the fingers, ankles, elbows or knees. Accordingly, in order for a dressing to provide the aforementioned attributes, the dressing should also be able to dynamically conform to and with changing three dimensional contour of the skin or tissue surfaces to which it is applied.
  • the dressing should also be conformable to, or provide sufficient drapability, over the area human skin tissue contacted by the dressing or to which it is adhered.
  • an aspect of the present invention to provide dressings that may be used to cover, protect wounds and facilitate wound healing. It is a further aspect of the present invention to provide bandages and tapes that conform to a wounded area of the skin and have improved extensibility, elasticity and conformability for better coverage of movable areas such as joints. Other aspects of the present invention will be readily apparent from the ensuing description and claims.
  • the present invention relates to a dressing comprising:
  • the present invention also relates to methods of using/applying the dressings of the present invention, including the disclosed embodiments, on skin surfaces covering jointed areas (or areas prone to movement) of human or mammalian bodies.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the dressing of the present invention with directional xyz-axis
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the figure of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 2A is an enlarged top view of certain of the rows of pattern units of FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 3 is cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 taken along line 3 - 3 ;
  • FIG. 4A shows the distinct material free regions in the closed position prior to application of force F
  • FIG. 4B shows the distinct material free regions in the open position during application of force F
  • FIG. 4C shows the distinct material free regions returned to closed position after terminating application of force F
  • FIG. 5A shows a differently formed (or non-curvilinear) sigmoidal pattern units suitable for use in dressing of the present invention arranged where the pattern units in a row are aligned with respect to the pattern units in its adjacent rows;
  • FIG. 5B shows the pattern of FIG. 5A where the pattern units in a row are off set with respect to the pattern units in adjacent rows;
  • FIG. 5C shows sigmoidal pattern units of FIGS. 2 and 2A arranged where the pattern units in a row are aligned with respect to the pattern units in its adjacent rows;
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded view of dressing of present invention showing an additional layer in between the layer of material of the present invention and the releasable layer;
  • FIG. 7 is an exploded view of dressing of present invention showing the layer of material of the present invention in between a backing layer and the releasable layer;
  • FIG. 8 shows the longitudinal, transverse and 45° diagonal directions (L, T and D 45 ) of the stretch force for the layer of material.
  • FIG. 9 shows a previously disclosed pattern of slit units used for comparison purposes.
  • the dressing of the present invention can comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of the essential elements and limitations of the invention described herein, as well any of the additional or optional features, components, or limitations described herein.
  • skin and “tissue” are interchangeable and refer to mammalian skin.
  • visual inspection means inspection with the unaided eye (excepting standard corrective lenses adapted to compensate for near-sightedness, farsightedness, or stigmatism, or other corrected vision) in lighting at least equal to the illumination of a standard 75 watt incandescent white light bulb at a distance of about 0.25 meter.
  • the present invention as disclosed herein may be practiced in the absence of any component, element (or group of components or elements) or method step which is not specifically disclosed herein.
  • dressing 10 can be in the form of a wound dressing. In certain embodiments, dressing 10 can be in the form of a bandage or tape. Referring to the drawings, in FIG. 1 , there is shown an exemplary embodiment of the improved dressing 10 of the present invention.
  • the dressing 10 comprises a layer of material 11 formed from a woven or a nonwoven, non-swellable material. In one embodiment, the layer of material 11 is formed from a non-swellable, nonwoven material.
  • non-swellable as used herein means materials that are incapable or substantially incapable of imbibing fluid such that there is little or no increase in the volume of the layer of material when it is in contact with fluid present in the environment of use, i.e., wound exudate or excretions or bodily sweat.
  • the layer of material increases in volume by no greater than about 5%, optionally, no greater than about 2.5%, optionally, or optionally, no greater than about 1% by weight aqueous saline solution based on the dry weight of the layer of material. These values may be obtained using a saline absorbency test in which a dry, weighed sample of layer of material is immersed for 1 minute at 37° C. in saline containing 0.9 wt. % NaCl for subsequent weighing.
  • Suitable non-swellable material includes, but is limited to, (or selected from or selected from the group consisting of) polyurethanes, polyethylene, polyisobutadiene, polyisobutylene, neoprene, polyamides, polyesters, polyether polyesters, non-hydrophilic polyether-polyamides, plasticised polyvinyl chloride, styrene-butadiene block copolymers, styrene-isoprene block copolymer, polyacrylates, methacrylic copolymers, polypropylene, rayon, rayon/polyester blends and mixtures thereof.
  • the non-swellable material is polyurethane.
  • Suitable polyurethanes include, polyester and polyether polyurethanes examples of which are the Estanes (Registered trade mark of B.F. Goodrich Ltd). Suitable Estanes are those grades which are designated 5702, 5701, 5714F and 580201.
  • the non-swellable material is polyester.
  • Suitable polyesters include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and mixtures thereof.
  • PET substrates are commercially available from Fibertex Nonwovens (Ingleside, Ill.).
  • the layer of material is free of or substantially free of swellable materials such as cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol, cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydrophilic polyurethanes, hydrophilic hydroxyalkyl esters of poly(meth) acrylic aid and copolymers thereof, hydrophilic polyether-polyamide polymers, hydrophilic, water insoluble cellulosic derivatives such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate-proprionate.
  • swellable materials such as cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol, cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydrophilic polyurethanes, hydrophilic hydroxyalkyl esters of poly(meth) acrylic aid and copolymers thereof, hydrophilic polyether-polyamide polymers, hydrophilic, water insoluble cellulosic derivatives such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate-proprionate.
  • substantially free of means an amount of swellable materials of up to 5% (or about 5%), optionally, up to 2.5% (or about 2.5%), optionally, up to 1.0% (or about 1.0%), optionally up to 0.1% (or about 0.1%) by weight of the layer of material.
  • the layer of material 11 is porous and readily allows both water vapor and air to pass through the layer of material 11 .
  • the top and bottom surfaces 12 , 13 of the layer of material 11 are smooth and flat (or substantially smooth and flat) such that the top and bottom surfaces 12 , 13 of the layer of material 11 are free of or substantially free of channels or raised portions in the surfaces.
  • the layer of material 11 may include channels or raised portions such as created by conventional embossing technology.
  • the channels or raised portions do not coincide with the pattern outlined by the sigmoidal pattern units discussed in further detail below. Examples of channels or raised portions can be found in US patent publications US20120220973 to Chan et al. and US20120220974 to Chan et al., each of which patent publications are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • the layer of material 11 has a thickness of from about 0.2 mm to about 3 mm, optionally from about 0.77 mm to about 1.5 mm.
  • the layer of material 11 of dressing 10 further incorporates one or more (or, plurality of) distinct material free regions 15 extending through the thickness (i.e., distance from top to bottom surfaces 12 , 13 ) of the layer of material 11 .
  • material free or “free of material” as used herein means regions or areas of the layer of material that are free of material or substantially free of material such that the continuity of the material is disrupted or such regions or areas are devoid of material and include but not limited to, cuts, holes, slits or openings in the material. Accordingly, the terms “cuts”, “holes”, “slits” or “openings” in the material are interchangeable with each other and with the term “material free region”.
  • the distinct material free regions 15 include such distinct regions which may not be discernable by the naked eye (i.e., viewing without the aid of optical lenses which magnify the field of view); examples of such include ultra-thin slits formed in the layer of material 11 by cutting the layer of material 11 with a knife thickness of about 1 ⁇ m to about 25 ⁇ m, or a laser having laser thickness of about 10 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m.
  • the distinct material free regions 15 are individual slits forming discrete, non-straight line, continuous, pattern units, each pattern unit being spaced from and unconnected to the other pattern units (for example, as in the discrete sigmoidal shaped pattern units shown in the Figures).
  • the slitted pattern units may be arranged in rows staggered from those on the next row or aligned with the slitted pattern units on the next row.
  • the slitted pattern units of one row may be at right angles to the slitted pattern units of any adjacent row.
  • the distinct material free regions 15 are sigmoidal shaped slits.
  • the pattern units (or slitted pattern units) 15 are formed into the layer of material 11 and have dimensions so as to provide a pattern surface density (i.e., pattern units 15 spatially arranged per square inch of the surface of the layer of material 11 ) of from 4 pattern units/in 2 to 14 pattern units/in 2 , optionally from 10 pattern units/in 2 to 14 pattern units/in 2 , or, optionally 12 pattern units/in 2 of the surface of the layer of material 11 when counting full and complete pattern units (i.e., partial or incomplete patterns are not counted when determining the pattern surface density).
  • a pattern surface density i.e., pattern units 15 spatially arranged per square inch of the surface of the layer of material 11
  • a pattern surface density i.e., pattern units 15 spatially arranged per square inch of the surface of the layer of material 11
  • a pattern surface density i.e., pattern units 15 spatially arranged per square inch of the surface of the layer of material 11
  • a pattern surface density i.e., pattern
  • Varying (or scaling) the pattern surface density outside (i.e., either below or above) the described 4 pattern units/in 2 to 14 pattern units/in 2 range reduces any increase in extensibility of layer of material 11 provided by the incorporated pattern units (or material free regions) 15 .
  • FIG. 2 One embodiment of the distinct material free regions 15 is illustrated in FIG. 2 showing the distinct material free regions 15 formed as individual sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 .
  • one or more (or all) of the sigmoidal pattern units in FIG. 2 are replaced with the non-curvilinear pattern units of FIG. 5A , yet retaining the same arrangement of the pattern units as shown in FIG. 2 ).
  • the material free regions may also be incorporated into the layer of material 11 during the formation of the layer of material 11 such as by water jet cutting, high pressure steam cutting, ultrasound cutting or punch cutting and the like.
  • the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 are arranged adjacent to one another. In certain embodiments, the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 are non-intersecting and spaced apart relative to one another. Optionally, the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 are further arranged to form one or more linear rows 14 of sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 .
  • the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 are further arranged to form one or more linear rows 14 of sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 such that the top t and bottom b of any sigmoidal slit pattern unit 15 in a row 14 are spatially aligned with the respective top t and bottom b of the other similarly oriented sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 in that row (e.g., the top t and bottom b of any sigmoidal slit pattern unit 15 in a row 14 whose length l extends in one direction is spatially aligned with the top t and bottom b of any other sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 in that row whose length l extends in the same direction) as illustrated in FIG. 2A .
  • the term “linear” as used herein means following straight, or substantially straight, line direction.
  • the dressing 10 when applied to the skin so as to cover or contact a wound and/or skin surface, the dressing 10 extends or stretches upon movement of the skin surface at or around such covered or contacted area so as to minimize detachment (i.e., loss of adherence to skin or wound) of dressing 10 as result of such movement.
  • any movement of the covered or contacted skin surface causes a force F (i.e., F>0) to the dressing 10 .
  • F i.e., F>0
  • the degree to which the one or more material free regions are opened is respectively decreased or increased. It is further understood that the material free regions 15 open in accordance with the direction of the force F.
  • the term “freely” as used herein means that the material used to form the layer of material 11 will not swell so as to restrict or inhibit the opening or closing of the material free regions 15 and/or, once the releasable layer is removed, the layer of material 11 is not attached to any additional layer or substrate so as restrict or inhibit the opening or closing of the material free regions 15 .
  • closed means that the material free regions 15 are closed or substantially closed such that there is no, or substantially no, visibility through the material free regions 15 upon visual inspection.
  • open means that the material free regions 15 are open such that there is visibility through the material free regions 15 upon visual inspection.
  • visibility means the ability to see and identify distinct features of animate or inanimate objects.
  • the length l of each sigmoidal slit pattern unit 15 can be large relative to its width w.
  • the length l of the sigmoidal slit pattern unit 15 is from about 1 to about 6 times the width w of sigmoidal slit pattern unit 15 , optionally the from 2.5 to about 4.7 times the width w.
  • the length l of the sigmoidal slit pattern unit 15 is three times the width w of sigmoidal slit pattern unit 15 .
  • the length l of the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 can be oriented to run in the transverse direction A of dressing 10 or to run in the longitudinal direction B of dressing 10 .
  • Transverse direction A is perpendicular to longitudinal direction B.
  • one of more of the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 can be arranged and oriented such that their lengths l run in the longitudinal direction B of dressing 10 and one or more of the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 arranged or oriented such that one of more of the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 run in the transverse direction A of dressing 10 .
  • one of more of the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 can be arranged and oriented such that their lengths l run in a direction diagonal to the transverse and longitudinal directions A and B.
  • the term “diagonal” as used herein refers to a direction (or directional line) which forms an angle other than a right angle upon intersecting either the transverse or longitudinal directions A and B.
  • Diagonal direction D 45 of FIG. 8 is an example of a direction diagonal to the transverse and longitudinal directions A and B.
  • the length l sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 are oriented such that the length l of a sigmoidal slit pattern unit 15 is directionally perpendicular to the length l of an adjacent sigmoidal slit pattern unit 15 .
  • the length l of the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 are oriented such that the length l of each sigmoidal slit pattern unit 15 in a row 14 is oriented directionally perpendicular to its adjacent sigmoidal slit pattern unit 15 in such row 14 .
  • the linear rows 14 of sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 are disposed adjacent to and parallel with other linear rows sigmoidal slit pattern unit 15 . Where the linear rows of sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 are disposed parallel with other linear rows 14 of sigmoidal slit pattern unit 15 , the stability of the layer of material upon application of a pulling force is reduced. As seen in FIGS.
  • the linear rows 14 of sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 be arranged so that the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 of one such row 14 are: i) aligned with respect to the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 of an adjacent parallel row 14 (such that the aligned sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 of the rows 14 form an aligned column 16 of sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 ); or, alternately as shown in FIG.
  • the length l ranges from 1 (or about 1) mm to 10 (or about 10) mm. In certain embodiments, the length l is from 4 (or about 4) mm to 8 (or about 8) mm. In certain embodiments, the width w ranges from 1 (or about 1) mm to 10 (or about 10) mm. In certain embodiments, the width w is from 3 (or about 3) mm to 4 (or about 4) mm.
  • the sigmoidal slit pattern unit 15 can be curvilinear or non-curvilinear.
  • curvilinear as used herein means formed, bounded, or characterized by curved lines and free of angled edges or segments.
  • each sigmoidal slit pattern unit 15 in a row 14 of sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 has a vertical centerline Vcl such that the vertical centerline Vcl of each sigmoidal slit pattern unit 15 is spaced from the vertical centerline Vcl of each other longitudinally, linearly adjacent sigmoidal slit pattern unit 15 by a width w′.
  • each row 14 of sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 has a horizontal centerline Hcl.
  • the horizontal centerline Hcl of each row 14 of sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 is spaced from the horizontal centerline Hcl of each other row 14 of sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 by a distance d.
  • the vertical centerline Vcl is perpendicular to horizontal centerline Hcl.
  • centerline means a straight line intersecting and passing vertically or horizontally through the longitudinal center or transverse center, respectively, of either the distinct units of material free regions 15 or row 14 of distinct units of material free regions 15 .
  • distance d is equal to width w′.
  • the width w′ ranges from 2.5 (or about 2.5) mm to 10 (or about 10) mm. In certain embodiments, the width w′ is 6.5 (or about 6.5) mm. In certain embodiments, the distance d ranges from 2.5 (or about 2.5) mm to 10 (or about 10) mm. In certain embodiments, the distance d is 6.5 (or about 6.5) mm.
  • the plurality sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 and/or rows 14 are formed into the layer of material 11 at a surface density (i.e., slit pattern units/per in 2 ) to cover from about 50% to about 100%, optionally at least about 75% to about 100%, optionally from about 90% to about 100%, or optionally 100% (or about 100%), of the surface area of a surface (of both top and bottom planar surfaces) of the layer of material 11 .
  • a surface density i.e., slit pattern units/per in 2
  • the above-described sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 provide improved extensibility and conformability properties to dressing 10 by permitting stretch (or movement) in the longitudinal, transverse and diagonal (i.e., directionally neither longitudinal [or horizontal] nor transverse [or vertical] directions of the xy plane.
  • the above-described sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 permit stretch (or movement) in the z axis direction.
  • layer of material 11 comprising the material free slit pattern units of the present invention provides improved drapability.
  • the material free slit pattern units of the present invention improves drapability of the layer of material without any slits by at least 30% based on the Bending Length of the layer of material tested for the longitudinal direction and by at least 50% in at least one of the two 45° diagonal directions based on the Bending Length of the layer of material tested in both two 45° diagonal directions as illustrated by longitudinal and 45° diagonal directions (B, D 45 and D′ 45 ) in FIG. 8 .
  • the Bending Lengths and percent drapability are determined using the following Drapability Test.
  • the stiffness tester to be used in performing the Drapability Test consists of a platform, having a smooth low friction, flat plastic surface and calibrated scale.
  • a rectangular strip of fabric is supported on a horizontal platform of the stiffness tester and extended in the direction of its length, so that an increasing part overhangs and bends under its own mass.
  • the platform is supported by two side pieces made of plastic. Index lines are engraved on these side pieces, inclined at an angle of 41.5° below the plane of the platform surface. At this angle, the bending length is the overhanging length divided by two.
  • a mirror is attached to the Stiffness Tester to enable the operator to view both index lines from a convenient position.
  • a calibrated scale is supplied with the Stiffness Tester to measure the bending length and is graduated in cm. The test is conducted at 24.5° C. and 40% relative humidity.
  • Test i.e., with material free slit pattern units
  • Control i.e., without slits
  • samples are cut from a layer of material (described below) along the longitudinal and transverse directions and along the two 45° diagonal directions as illustrated by longitudinal, transverse and 45° diagonal directions (B, A, D 45 and D′ 45 ) in FIG. 8 4 .
  • Three 8′′ ⁇ 1′′ samples are cut for each of the longitudinal direction, transverse direction and along the two 45° diagonal directions for the Test samples.
  • Three 8′′ ⁇ 1′′ samples are cut for each of the longitudinal direction, transverse direction and along the two 45° diagonal directions for the Control samples.
  • the samples are conditioned for 24 hours at a relative humidity of 50% and a temperature 23° C.
  • the layer or material 11 with the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 stretches or extends in at least one of the longitudinal B or transverse A directions at least 100% (or about 100%), optionally at least 150% (or about 150%), optionally at least 200% (or about 200%), optionally at least 300% (or about 300%), optionally at least 400% (or about 400%), or optionally at least 450% (or about 450%), or optionally at least 475% (or about 475%), more than the same layer of material 11 without material free regions, as measured by the Stretchability Test xy described in the Specification when a force of 0.1 (or about 0.1) kgf along is applied along such at least one of the longitudinal B or transverse A directions of the layer of material 11 .
  • the layer or material 11 with the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 stretches or extends in at least one of the longitudinal B or transverse A directions at least 150% (or about 150%), at least 200% (or about 200%), at least 250% (or about 250%), optionally at least 300 (or about 300%), optionally at least 350% (or about 350%), optionally at least 400% (or about 400%), optionally at least 500 (or about 500%), optionally at least 600% (or about 600%), optionally at least 700% (or about 700%), optionally at least 800% (or about 800%), optionally at least 825% (or about 825%), optionally at least 850% (or about 850%), or optionally at least 870% (or about 870%), more than the same layer of material 11 without material free regions, as measured by the Stretchability Test described in the Specification when a force of 0.2 (or about 0.2) kgf is applied along such at least one of the longitudinal B or transverse A directions of the layer of material
  • the layer or material 11 with the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 stretches or extends in at least one of the longitudinal B or transverse A directions at least 425% (or about 425%), optionally at least 450 (or about 450%), optionally at least 500% (or about 500%), optionally at least 550% (or about 550%), optionally at least 600% (or about 600%), optionally at least 650% (or about 650%), optionally at least 700% (or about 700%), optionally at least 750% (or about 750%), optionally at least 800% (or about 800%), optionally at least 900% (or about 900%), optionally at least 1000% (or about 1000%), optionally at least 1025% (or about 1025%), or optionally at least 1050% (or about 1050%), more than the same layer of material 11 without material free regions, as measured by the Stretchability Test xy described in the Specification when a force of 0.3 (or about 0.3) kgf is applied along such at least one of
  • the layer or material 11 with the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 stretches or extends in at least one of the longitudinal B or transverse A directions at least 650% (or about 650%), optionally at least 700% (or about 700%), optionally at least 750% (or about 750%), optionally at least 800% (or about 800%), optionally at least 900% (or about 900%), optionally at least 1000% (or about 1000%), optionally at least 1050% (or about 1050%), optionally at least 1100% (or about 1100%), optionally at least 1125% (or about 1125%), or optionally at least 1150% (or about 1150%), more than the same layer of material 11 without material free regions, as measured by the Stretchability Test described in the Specification when a force of 0.4 (or about 0.4) kgf is applied along such at least one of the longitudinal B or transverse A directions of the layer of material 11 .
  • the other (or remaining) longitudinal or transverse direction can likewise be determined using the Stretchability Test xy described in the Specification.
  • “other” longitudinal or transverse direction
  • the layer or material 11 with the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 stretches or extends in at least one of the 45° diagonal direction D 45 or D′ 45 at least 425% (or about 425%), optionally at least 450% (or about 450%), optionally at least 500% (or about 500%), optionally at least 550% (or about 550%), optionally at least 600% (or about 600%), optionally at least 700% (or about 700%), optionally at least 800% (or about 800%), optionally at least 900% (or about 900%), optionally at least 1000% (or about 1000%), optionally at least 1100% (or about 1100%), optionally at least 1200% (or about 1200%), or optionally at least 1300% (or about 1300%), optionally at least 1400% (or about 1400%), optionally at least 1500% (or about 1500%), optionally at least 1600% (or about 1600%), optionally at least 1700% (or about 1700%), or optionally at least 1800% (or about 1800%), optionally at least
  • the “45° diagonal direction D 45 ” or “45° diagonal direction D′ 45 ” refers to diagonally directional lines of force extending through center point P and forming a 45° angle with the longitudinal and traverse centerlines of the layer of material 11 intersecting at center point P.
  • the layer or material 11 with the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 stretches or extends in at least one of the 45° diagonal direction D 45 or D′ 45 at least 1125% (or about 1125%), optionally at least 1150% (or about 1150%), optionally at least 1175% (or about 1175%), optionally at least 1200% (or about 1200%), or optionally at least 1300% (or about 1300%), optionally at least 1400% (or about 1400%), optionally at least 1500% (or about 1500%), optionally at least 1600% (or about 1600%), optionally at least 1700% (or about 1700%), optionally at least 1800% (or about 1800%), optionally at least 1900% (or about 1900%), optionally at least 2000% (or about 2000%), optionally at least 2100% (or about 2100%), optionally at least 2200% (or about 2200%), optionally at least 2300% (or about 2300%), optionally at least 2400% (or about 2400%), optionally at least 250
  • the layer or material 11 with the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 stretches or extends in at least one of the 45° diagonal direction D 45 or D′ 45 at least 1725% (or about 1725%), optionally at least 1800% (or about 1800%), optionally at least 1800% (or about 1800%), optionally at least 1900% (or about 1900%), optionally at least 2000% (or about 2000%), optionally at least 2100% (or about 2100%), optionally at least 2200% (or about 2200%), optionally at least 2300% (or about 2300%), optionally at least 2325% (or about 2325%), or optionally at least 2350% (or about 2350%), more than the same layer of material without the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 , as measured by the Stretchability Test xy described in the Specification when a force of 0.3 (or about 0.3) kgf is applied along such 45° diagonal direction D 45 or D′ 45 of the layer of material 11 .
  • the layer or material 11 with the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 stretches or extends in at least one of the 45° diagonal direction D 45 or D′ 45 at least 1650% (or about 1650%), optionally at least 1700% (or about 1700%), optionally at least 1750% (or about 1750%), optionally at least 1800% (or about 1800%), optionally at least 1800% (or about 1800%), optionally at least 1900% (or about 1900%), optionally at least 2000% (or about 2000%), optionally at least 2100% (or about 2100%), optionally at least 2125% (or about 2125%), or optionally at least 2150% (or about 2150%), more than the same layer of material without the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 , as measured by the Stretchability Test xy described in the Specification when a force of 0.4 (or about 0.4) kgf is applied along such 45° diagonal direction D 45 or D′ 45 of the layer of material 11 .
  • the above referenced longitudinal, transverse and 45° diagonal directions (B, A, D 45 and D′ 45 ) of stretch or extension force used in conducting the Stretchability Test xy are in the xy-plane and are illustrated in FIG. 8 .
  • the term “longitudinal” direction refers to the machine direction of the layer of material when formed using a continuous manufacturing process.
  • the term “machine direction” means the direction along the length of the roll layer of material or the direction in which the material flows into the substrate forming machine in the continuous manufacturing process.
  • the “transverse” direction is the direction transverse to the longitudinal direction.
  • the layer or material 11 with the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 when applying a force of about 0.1 kgf along the z-axis of (or in the direction perpendicular to xy-plane of) the layer of material 11 , stretches or extends along the z-axis or in the z direction about 1 mm to about 5 mm, optionally between about 4 mm to about 5 mm, away from the xy-plane of the layer of material 11 , as measured by the Stretchability Testy described in the Specification.
  • the layer or material 11 with the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 when applying a force of about 0.5 kgf along the z-axis of (or in the direction perpendicular to xy-plane of) the layer of material 11 , stretches or extends along the z-axis or in the z direction about 1 mm to about 10 mm, optionally from about 1 mm to about 8 mm, or optionally between about 8 mm and 10 mm, away from the xy-plane of the layer of material 11 , as measured by the Stretchability Testy described in the Specification.
  • the pattern units (or slitted pattern units) 15 are formed into the layer of material 11 having dimensions so as to provide a pattern surface density of from 4 pattern units/in 2 to 14, optionally from 10 to 14 pattern units/in 2 , or optionally 12 pattern units/in 2 .
  • the layer of material 11 with the sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 meets any one, any combination or all of the above described stretch parameters using the Stretchability Tests described below.
  • the directional extensibility of the dressings of the present invention are measured using procedures of the following the Stretchabilty Tests which include test procedures for testing stretching or extensibility of the layer of material along the longitudinal, transverse and 45° diagonal directions D 45 directions of the layer of material:
  • Stretchability Test xy Test to measure displacement of layer of material under force F along directions of in xy-plane of the layer of material.
  • the testing apparatus used is Instru-Met & Instron 1122 (Instru-Met Corporation, Union, N.J. 07083) with an Instru-Met Pneumatic Wedge Action Grips
  • Stretchability Test z Test to measure displacement of layer of material under force F along the z-axis (or direction) of the layer of material.
  • the Stretchability Test z is modeled after the ASTM D3787-16, Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles (ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pa., 2016).
  • ASTM D3787-16 procedure was slightly modified and performed as follows: a sample is clamped between two grooved, circular plates. A second piece, a ball attachment, is secured to the load cell in order to apply compression by means of the constant-rate-of-traverse testing machine. The force is exerted against the specimen by a polished, hardened, steel ball until rupture occurs in the non-woven portion of the material. Testing of materials was performed to show displacements under load at specific ranges. Both non-woven and non-woven with laminates were tested. The test is conducted at 23° C. and 50% relative humidity.
  • the testing apparatus used is Instru-Met & Instron 1122 & 5543 (Instru-Met Corporation, Union, N.J. 07083) with an ASTM D3787 Burst Fixture, including 44.5 mm ID ring clamp and 25.4 mm spherical plunger.
  • the throat of the Burst Fixture was modified by extending it from its original length of 2.5′′ to a length of 3.75′′ and the springs under the clamping screws are removed to ensure clamping forces.
  • the above-described sigmoidal slit pattern units 15 also provide dressing 10 which readily conform to or drape upon the tissue contacted or covered by dressing 10 , permitting dressing 10 to move with the tissue, yet maintain skin and/or wound coverage or contact.
  • the dressing 10 also comprises a releasable layer 17 releasably disposed on (or in contact with): i) the layer of material 11 ; or ii) the dressing 10 comprising the layer of material 11 .
  • the releasable layer 17 releasably contacts and covers any adhesive that may be disposed on the layer of material 11 .
  • the releasable layer 17 contacts (or, is releasably attached to) the layer of material 11 or the dressing 10 while (or when) the material free regions 15 are in the closed position.
  • the releasable layer 17 releasably contacts (or is releasably attached to) the layer of material 11 or the dressing 10 such that material free regions 15 are releasably retained in the closed position until such time as the releasable layer 17 is removed from the layer of material 11 or the dressing 10 , thereby permitting the material free regions 15 to freely open upon the application of a force F as described above (and, correspondingly. close upon termination of such force F).
  • the releasable layer 17 can comprise or be made of polyethylene, polypropylene, kraft papers, polyester or composites of any of these materials.
  • dressing 10 further incorporates on at least one of surfaces 12 and/or 13 an adhesive (not shown) and disposed between the releasable layer and the layer of material to provide adherence of the dressing 10 to the skin and/or wound.
  • the adhesive is applied so as not restrict or inhibit the freeness of the distinct material free regions freely opening and closing.
  • any of a variety of pressure-sensitive adhesives can be utilized as the adhesive.
  • pressure-sensitive adhesives that are biocompatible with human skin are typically utilized.
  • an adhesive of the present invention may also be either generally water soluble or generally insoluble, or dispersible in an aqueous environment.
  • dispersible pressure-sensitive adhesive is sold under the trade name of HL-9415-X and is available from H.B. Fuller Company.
  • Another suitable adhesive includes about 10-75% by weight of a polyalkyloxazoline polymer, 10-75% by weight of a functional diluent comprising a hydroxy compound or a carboxylic acid compound, and 5-50% by weight of a tackifier.
  • the adhesive may comprise hydrocolloids.
  • the hydrocolloid element used may be any substance that has a good performance in this utilization, as for example, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, pectin, xanthan gum, polysaccharides, sodium or calcium alginates, chitosan, seaweed extract (carrageenan), polyaspartic acid, polyglutamic acid, hyaluronic acid or salts and derivatives thereof, among others.
  • Hydrocolloids just as sodium carboxymethylcellulose and pectin, among others, are agents that form gels as soon as they come into contact with the bodily fluids from the wound.
  • these hydrocolloids are combined with elastomers and/or adhesives.
  • the adhesive bandage should provide a humid environment but without saturation or cicatrisation, which is a situation suitable for acceleration of the healing,
  • the adhesive may be any conventional adhesive known for such use, as for example pressure acrylic adhesives, among others. Additionally, such an adhesive may contain a resin for increasing adhesion, a cohesion increasing agent, an absorption agent (preferably a polyacrylate superabsorbent, a polyacrylate salt superabsorbent or a mixture thereof), a plasticizer and optionally a pigment.
  • the adhesive may further be configured in discontinuous patterns, arranged in lines, screen, spray or any other which a person skilled in the art understands as discontinuous, composed by an elastomeric base.
  • one or more additional layer(s) (or substrate layer(s)) 20 comprising a single or multiple layers (or substrate layers) is disposed on the layer of material 11 , either on the surface side of the layer of material 11 which is opposite the releasable layer 17 or disposed between the layer of material 11 and releasable layer 17 .
  • the layer of material 11 is not attached to any additional layer 20 such that additional layer 20 would significantly restrict or inhibit the opening or closing of the material free regions 15 .
  • the additional layer 20 may or may not incorporate the material free regions 15 .
  • the additional layer 20 incorporates the material free regions 15
  • the material free regions 15 in the additional layer 20 form the same or similar pattern units as the pattern units formed by the material free regions 15 in the layer of material 11 ; in certain of such embodiments, the pattern units of the additional layer 20 are also aligned with the pattern units of the layer of material 11 .
  • the additional layer 20 in the form of a single or multiple layer, may be incorporated to act as a protective backing layer for layer of material 11 as shown in FIG. 7 . Or, such additional layer 20 may act as, or include, a pad layer, as shown in FIG. 6 , providing absorbent and/or swelling properties.
  • the additional layer 20 comprises the material free regions 15 (optionally, in the form of slitted patterns) of the present invention.
  • the additional layer 20 is free of or substantially free of the material free regions of the present invention; in one such embodiment the additional layer 20 acts as a protective non-stick layer (with or without apertures) disposed on the surface of the layer of material 11 facing the skin of a user (and/or wound on such skin).
  • additional layer 20 when additional layer 20 acts as a pad layer, additional layer 20 includes a first surface facing a first side of the layer of material 11 , and that has a first surface area, and a second surface opposite the first surface and facing the skin, and that has a second surface area.
  • the pad layer can be formed from open work, porous, natural or synthetic fibrous material, such as material used to form gauze. Suitable pad layer material include, but are not limited to, fibrous PET.
  • the pad layer typically contacts the skin surface and/or wound to absorb wound exudate or excretions.
  • the additional layer 20 when the additional layer 20 acts as a pad layer, the additional layer 20 can be affixed either directly or indirectly layer of material 11 so that it will not become separated from layer of material 11 during normal use.
  • additional layer 20 When used as a backing layer, additional layer 20 may have various shapes, including but not limited to, rectangular, oval, ovoid, or oblong. In such an embodiment, the shape of the bandage and tape 10 defined by the shape of additional layer 20 . In some such embodiments, additional layer 20 may be thin, highly flexible or deformable, water-impervious, and clear or opaque. General, in some such embodiments, the thickness of additional layer 20 is between about 0.05 to 0.2 millimeter (“mm”) to achieve the forming and flexing characteristics desired.
  • mm millimeter
  • additional layer 20 acts as a backing layer
  • the material used in forming the additional layer 20 should be both conformable to the contours of the body and flexible so as to permit free movement of the body part wearing the product.
  • it can be a a film or a foam.
  • Polymeric materials useful in forming backing layers include polyolefin (such as polyethylene), polyurethane, and polyvinylchloride.
  • Other examples of backings include, but are not limited to, nonwoven, woven, or knitted fabrics such as cotton, polyester, polyurethane, rayon and the like.
  • Polyethylene film may be optional used to form additional layer 20 where additional layer 20 acts as a backing layer 20 , and, in such instances, particularly effective results can be achieved with stretchable, elastomeric films formed of polyurethane, which has the further advantage of gas (including water vapor) transmissibility. It is to be understood, however, that, in such instances, other flexible, water insoluble polymeric films known in the art may be used.
  • additional layer 20 may be formed from closed-cell polymeric foam, particularly one with an integral skin covering the side of the closed-cell polymeric foam facing away from the skin of the user.
  • foam layers formed of polyurethane or polyethylenes are suitable, while other polymeric foams having similar properties may be used.
  • additional layer 20 may be made from other polyolefins, vinyl polyethylene acetate, textile non-woven fabrics, rubber, or other materials known in the adhesive article art.
  • polymers used to form additional layer 20 where additional layer 20 acts as a backing layer generally have viscosity of from about 500 to 500,000 centipoises at temperatures of about 190° C., or from about 1,000 to 30,000 centipoises at temperatures of about 190° C., or from about 3,000 to 15,000 centipoises at temperatures of about 190° C.
  • additional layer 20 may be impermeable to liquid, but permeable to gas, which allows the wound and the skin to which the bandage and tape 10 of the present invention is adhered to breathe.
  • additional layer 20 may have pores of such a size that will allow only the passage of gases, which have molecules of extremely small size.
  • additional layer 20 may be perforated for still further ventilation of the skin.
  • perforations may be circular in area and have a range of diameters, such as from about 0.1 to about 0.8 millimeters.
  • additional layer 20 may, when necessary, be totally impermeable to gases.
  • Test and Control samples were prepared and measured in accordance with the Stretchability Test xy to determine % difference in the extensibility along a given direction at a force F between samples with the slits of the present of the present invention (Test sample) and samples without slits (Control sample).
  • the Test samples incorporated the slit pattern units of FIG. 9 .
  • the longitudinal, transverse and diagonal directions D 45 and D′ 45 are illustrated as longitudinal, transverse and 45° diagonal directions (B, A, D 45 and D′ 45 ) at FIG. 8 .
  • the data is summarized as extensibility or elongation data and the calculated % difference (i.e.,
  • Test and Control samples were prepared and measured in accordance with the Stretchability Test xy to determine % difference in the extensibility along a given direction at a force F between samples with the slits of the present of the present invention (Test sample) and samples without slits (Control sample).
  • the Test samples incorporated the slit pattern units of FIG. 2 .
  • the longitudinal, transverse and diagonal directions D 45 and D′ 45 are illustrated as longitudinal, transverse and 45° diagonal directions (B, A, D 45 and D′ 45 ) at FIG. 8 .
  • the data is summarized as extensibility or elongation data and the calculated % difference for the various directions of elongation or stretch in Tables 5-8 and 5a-8a, respectively.
  • Test and Control samples were prepared and measured at forces 0.1 kgf and 0.5 kgf in accordance with the Stretchability Testy. The results are summarized in Tables 9 and 9a, respectively.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
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  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
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BR112019021293A2 (pt) 2020-05-19
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