US20180209134A1 - Construction arrangement and detachable connection assembly for this construction arrangement - Google Patents

Construction arrangement and detachable connection assembly for this construction arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
US20180209134A1
US20180209134A1 US15/742,821 US201615742821A US2018209134A1 US 20180209134 A1 US20180209134 A1 US 20180209134A1 US 201615742821 A US201615742821 A US 201615742821A US 2018209134 A1 US2018209134 A1 US 2018209134A1
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Prior art keywords
tension
walls
construction
wall
connection
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Abandoned
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US15/742,821
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English (en)
Inventor
Inigo Calderon Uriszar-Aldaca
Amaia Aramburu Ibarlucea
Jose Antonio Chica Paez
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Fundacion Tecnalia Research and Innovation
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Fundacion Tecnalia Research and Innovation
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Assigned to FUNDACION TECNALIA RESEARCH & INNOVATION reassignment FUNDACION TECNALIA RESEARCH & INNOVATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Aramburu Ibarlucea, Amaia, CALDERON URISZAR-ALDACA, INIGO, CHICA PAEZ, JOSE ANTONIO
Publication of US20180209134A1 publication Critical patent/US20180209134A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/04Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
    • E04B1/043Connections specially adapted therefor
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B1/6108Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together
    • E04B1/6116Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by locking means on lateral surfaces
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/0004Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship
    • F16B5/0008Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to means of connection between construction walls (precast or not) of buildings in places where horizontal loads could appear as the design-dominant action, such as earthquake-prone areas or windy zones.
  • an universal and open system that suits different geometries and possible cases, is needed, and whose joint is dry and simple, for joining the construction walls without wasting time in concrete hardening or specialized guilds to weld or execute the formwork that increase the building costs.
  • the connecting means ensure stability even under heavy dynamic loads.
  • connection assembly comprises anchors that are left embedded in the panels or walls.
  • the anchors are formed by anchorage means welded perpendicular to the inner surface of a steel plate, so that the outer surface of the plate is leveled in the wall surface plane whilst the anchorage means inward the plate remaining fixed once the concrete has hardened.
  • the anchors are placed such that the outer plate surfaces of both walls remain positioned one beside the other once attached.
  • ES2161597B1 discloses a system for building construction by means of prefabricated elements with wet joints, wherein resistant structural steel anchors are embedded in the walls, for horizontally and vertically joining with adjacent walls.
  • the anchors are welded together, though they are not intended for seismic areas, neither for supporting extreme wind actions.
  • the wet joint does not allow assessment of the elements or replacement of deteriorated ones.
  • Patent CN202273335U relates to a vertical mixed connection structure for assembling precast internal wallboards with shear wall structures, it discloses a complex connection mechanism with in situ placement of concrete in the shear walls, wherein openings are left in the concrete for pouring concrete and mortar that, upon hardening, complete the union. These are robust but very expensive systems.
  • Patent KR100867414B1 relates to a precast concrete retaining wall and provides means to bond adjacent elements by their corresponding edges, which are provided with a groove and tongue system to fit, and using threaded devices.
  • the resistant mechanism to shearing efforts in the edge direction is in this case provided letting threaded rods embedded in concrete, whose extreme is practicable by means of an opening in the hardened concrete.
  • threaded rods embedded in concrete whose extreme is practicable by means of an opening in the hardened concrete.
  • an inner threaded circular hollow section CHS steel profile is assembled, while in the other wall an outer threaded one, both attached to their corresponding threaded rods by nuts, then the CHS are screwed together, and the opening is filled with fresh concrete.
  • join system is not universal and open, being able only to be used in walls with embedded and matching threaded rods and openings, nor detachable, because it is embedded when the fresh concrete is hardened, and wet because it uses fresh concrete, resisting by shearing of two threaded CHS.
  • reinforced concrete walls are used in building primarily to provide resistance to shear efforts caused by horizontal forces such as wind and earthquake that receive the name of “shearing walls.”
  • the walls are bearing walls and other elements themselves, thus contributing to the vertical resistance to its own weights, dead loads, snow loads and vertical use overloads that the building will have to resist, as in the case of “load bearing walls”.
  • the present invention provides for a construction arrangement comprising:
  • connection assembly is attachable upon a surface of the walls normal to the Z-direction and comprises at least two tension units, each tension unit comprising:
  • Each tension unit comprises:
  • connection assembly of the invention can be attached to precast or on-site executed walls (which can be part of an already constructed building) or to the walls of an already erected building and can be detached from the walls because none of the elements of the assembly is embedded in the walls.
  • the tension shafts are placed forming an angle with respect to the X-direction (X), a first tension shaft is placed forming a positive angle of more than 0 sexagesimal degrees and up to 90 sexagesimal degrees with the X-direction and a second tension shaft is placed forming a negative angle of less than 0 sexagesimal degrees and up to ⁇ 90 sexagesimal degrees with the X-direction such that in case of movement between the walls along the X-direction (X), it is ensured that at least one of the tension units works under tension.
  • the first and second tension shafts form an angle of opposite sign with respect to the X-direction.
  • tension shafts are rods and do not cross.
  • tension shafts are placed forming a V, or an inverted V (the V or inverted V shape can be observed if we see the X-direction as an horizontal direction).
  • tension shafts cross each other, one first tension shaft being a first rod, whilst a second tension shafts comprises a split central section allowing the passage of the first tension shaft.
  • the second tension shaft comprises a split section comprising:
  • tension shafts are placed in parallel with each other and with the Y-direction.
  • the X-direction is horizontal and the first wall rests onto the second wall.
  • the inventive construction arrangement adds horizontal load resistance, since at least one tension unit is pulled, whatever the sense of the shearing effort, and thus working under tension.
  • This tension force could be decomposed in two forces, one parallel to X-direction, and the other to Y-direction, the first directly transferring shearing forces between walls and the second being added to the normal force, in this case to the vertical permanent and live loads, to provide more resistance by friction, avoiding relative displacement between walls.
  • the tension units were completely parallel to Y-direction, then the tension force must be provided by pre-stressing, simply tightening the nuts of one end, thus increasing the resistance by friction.
  • the X-direction is vertical and the first wall rests besides the second wall.
  • the inventive construction arrangement adds horizontal load resistance, since at least one tension unit is pulled, whatever the sense of the shearing effort, and thus working under tension, this tension force could be decomposed in two forces, one parallel to X-direction, and the other to Y-direction, the first directly transferring shearing forces between walls and the second being added to the normal force, to provide more resistance by friction.
  • the tension units were completely parallel to Y-direction, then the tension force must be provided by pre-stressing, simply tightening the nuts of one end, thus increasing the resistance by friction.
  • connection paddle can comprise a lug head and a gripping assembly joined to the lug head.
  • the lug head can be angled with respect to the gripping assembly.
  • the detachable anchorage means can comprise anchorage means for anchoring the lug heads.
  • connection paddles can comprise stiffening lateral plates joining the lug head and the gripping assembly.
  • the gripping assembly can comprise through holes for the insertion of the tension shaft ends, the tension shafts ends being threaded for the insertion of a fixing and regulating bolt, with their corresponding washers such that it allows for a simple and fast installation.
  • the construction arrangement can comprise fixing and regulating bolts on each side of the gripping assembly.
  • the contact edges of the walls can comprise means to withstand the forces in Z-direction, perpendicular to them, that may be tongue and groove systems or others providing the same restraining effect in Z-direction. Therefore, the tension units are not tensioned in the Z-direction, since the engagement between walls itself withstand the Z-forces.
  • the tension units are preferably made of steel and the construction walls are concrete walls.
  • Another object of the invention is a detachable connection assembly for a construction arrangement provided with a first construction wall and a second construction wall arranged adjacent in a vertical plane, such that the first and second construction walls have an edge in contact and such that three directions (X, Y Z) are defined:
  • connection assembly is attachable upon a surface of the walls normal to the Z-direction (Z);
  • connection assembly comprises two tension units, each tension unit comprising:
  • connection assembly of the invention is capable of transmitting forces in the X and the Y direction (X, Y) between the walls such that in case of shearing efforts between the walls along the X-direction at least one of the tension units works under tension (or both if the tension units are prestressed).
  • the invention also relates to a connection assembly for a construction arrangement provided with a first construction wall and a second construction wall arranged adjacent in a vertical plane, such that both walls (precast or on-site executed walls for a building or pre-existing walls of an already erected building) have an edge in contact and such that three directions are defined:
  • a lug head of each tension unit can be fixed to one of the walls on its surface normal to the Z-direction and the other lug head of each unit can be fixed to the other wall on its surface normal to the Z-direction.
  • the invention relates to a building comprising construction walls stacked vertically or placed aside, which comprises any of the inventive construction disclosed above.
  • FIG. 1 shows the main components of the inventive connection assembly
  • FIG. 2 is a combination of an exploded view of the connection paddles, and the mounted connection paddles;
  • FIG. 3 shows a bifurcated tension shaft
  • FIG. 4A y 4 B show two vertical walls or panels before stacking vertically/horizontally
  • FIG. 5A y 5 B show two vertical walls stacked horizontally/vertically, and the main directions defined in the present document X, Y and Z;
  • FIG. 6A y 6 B show the relative displacement between consecutive reinforced construction walls or panels that can occur under horizontal loading such as wind or seism in presence of shearing efforts;
  • FIG. 7Ay 7 B show a forces diagram in case of horizontal loading, keeping the sliding stability by the invention effect
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 show the main installation steps
  • FIG. 11A y 11 B show the inverted-V arrangement, wherein both tension units share a common anchorage mean
  • FIG. 12A y 12 B show the inverted-V arrangement, wherein each tension units is fixed to the upper wall with only one anchor;
  • FIG. 13A y 13 B show an arrangement wherein the tension units are placed vertically and parallel to each other in the case where only vertical forces are transmitted, like in the case of a seism with vertical accelerations.
  • FIG. 14A y 14 B show an arrangement wherein the tension units are placed vertically and parallel to each other in the case where only a bending moment in Z-axis is transmitted, like in the case of horizontal loads.
  • FIG. 15A y 15 B show an arrangement wherein the tension units are placed vertically and parallel to each other in the case where both vertical and shear forces are transmitted, the force obtained by prestress of the tension units increase the normal reaction between wall surfaces, raising the friction resistance to overcome the shearing force.
  • FIG. 16A y 16 B show an arrangement wherein the tension units are placed vertically and parallel to each other in the case that vertical and shear forces and bending moment in Z-axis are transmitted, different pre-stressing of the tension units is present in this case, with higher prestress in intermedium tension units and lesser in extreme ones, this allows the intermedium ones, that are not very stressed under bending moment, to be more prestressed, thus increasing the friction resistance to overcome the shearing forces, while the extreme ones are less prestressed to better resist the bending moment.
  • FIG. 17 shows the aspect of several walls in vertical plane, placed one upon other and one next to other, with connection assemblies of the invention joining their corresponding joints.
  • FIG. 18 shows a prior art arrangement using anchors partially embedded in the walls and welded plates.
  • the present invention relates to a construction arrangement comprising:
  • the inventive connection assembly comprises two tension units 3 , 4 , each tension unit 3 , 4 comprising:
  • connection paddles 31 , 32 , 41 , 42 are the points to transfer efforts between the tension shafts and the anchorage means.
  • the tension shafts are destined to transfer efforts between the pairs of connection paddles.
  • the lug heads 31 A, 32 A, 41 A, 42 A will generally be perpendicular to the gripping assemblies 31 B, 32 B, 41 B, 42 B. However, there may be special arrangements conceived for special geometries where this angle could differ from a perpendicular one.
  • the X-direction (X) is horizontal and one of the walls 1 rests onto the other wall 2 .
  • the walls could be arranged side by side, as in FIGS. 4B, 4B, 7B, 11B, 12B, 13B, 14B, 15B, 16B y 17 B.
  • connection paddles 31 , 32 , 41 , 42 comprise stiffening lateral plates 31 C, 32 C, 41 C, 42 C joining the lug head 31 A, 32 A, 41 A, 42 A and the gripping assembly 31 B, 32 B, 41 B, 42 B.
  • the connection paddles can be obtained by welding.
  • a preferred steel for these components has a minimum yield strength of 275 MPa, and a minimum ultimate strength of 430 MPa.
  • the gripping assembly, 31 B, 32 B, 41 B, 42 B comprise through holes for the insertion of the tension shafts 5 , 6 ends, the tension shafts 5 , 6 ends being threaded for the insertion of a fixing and regulating bolt 31 D, 32 D, 41 D, 42 D.
  • fixing and regulating bolts are provided on each side of the gripping assembly 31 B, 32 B, 41 B, 42 B.
  • a preferred steel for the bolts, and eventually the washers, has a minimum yield strength of 640 MPa, and a minimum ultimate strength of 800 MPa.
  • FIG. 3 shows a tension shaft comprising a central split section.
  • the tension units 3 , 4 are made of steel and the construction walls 1 , 2 are concrete walls. Of course, the invention can be applied with other construction materials.
  • the contact edge of one of the walls 1 comprises a groove 13
  • the other of the walls 2 comprises a tongue 23 complementary of the groove 13 .
  • the tension shafts 5 , 6 form an angle of opposite sign with respect to the X-direction (X) such that in case of movement between the walls 1 , 2 along the X-direction (X), it is ensured that one of the tension units 3 , 4 works under tension.
  • the right oriented upper vector represents the force of the upper wall 1 with respect to the reaction coming from the lower wall 2 , depicted as a left oriented parallel vector.
  • the upper vertical vector represent the vertical loads, permanent and live loads, coming from the upper wall that cause and opposite reaction in lower wall depicted as the lower vertical vector, in cases where the walls to be joined are placed one upon the other as in FIG.
  • the tension units can form an angle and not cross as disclosed in FIGS. 11A, 11B Y 12 A, 12 B.
  • the tension shafts 5 , 6 are rods and do not cross.
  • the tension units are placed forming an inverted V, in the specific case in which the lug heads of the connection paddles placed at the vertex of the inverted V have a common anchorage mean.
  • the common anchorage, for connection paddles with stiffening lateral plates, is made possible with a lug head long enough. Obviously, a V arrangement is feasible too.
  • the tension shafts 5 , 6 cross each other, one of the tension shafts 5 being a first rod, the other of the tension shafts 6 comprising a split central section allowing the passage of the first rod 5 .
  • the tension shaft 6 comprising a split section comprises:
  • the tension units 3 , 4 are parallel to each other and with Y-direction Y, as is depicted in FIG. 13A, 13B, 14A, 14B, 15A, 15B y 16 A, 16 B.
  • the tension shaft can be:
  • the inventive solution allows for the adjustment of the angles and lengths to adapt to the actual position, not theoretical, of the pins embedded in the concrete or construction material. To adjust the length it will suffice to move the nuts with respect to the gripping assemblies. An important issue is not to induce too much prestress in the tension units, if not desired to.
  • the first step to install the connection assemblies is to fix anchorage means to the construction wall material.
  • the second step shown in FIG. 8 , consists in placing the connection paddles on the protruding ends of the anchorage means 11 , 12 , 21 , 22 , using the facilities of adaptation in terms of length and angle of the tension units 3 , 4 .
  • the third step shown in FIG. 10 , is to place the nuts and then fix the assembly.
  • the fourth and final step is to perform the same operation on the other side of the walls, thus completing the union.
  • the tension units may be or may be not prestressed, depending on the conditions of the specific application. Similarly, they may be combined with the angled or crossed solution, forming a mixed solution. This solution should be used in cases where there may be separation of the walls in the Y-direction Y, for example in cases of pronounced vertical seismic accelerations.
  • FIG. 13A represents the case of a Y-direction force, which causes the tension units to tighten at once, thus increasing the normal force, and therefore the frictional force.
  • FIG. 13B represents the same, but being Y direction horizontal instead vertical.
  • FIG. 14A, 14B represent the effect of a Z-direction bending moment between walls.
  • the tension units of the left, FIG. 14A , and top, FIG. 14B are stressed, and the other tension units do not work.
  • FIG. 15A, 15B show the case of application of prestress in the tension units.
  • the downward vectors of wall 1 in FIG. 15A show the forces applied on the upper wall by the tension units.
  • the upper vertical vector in FIG. 15A shows the increase in normal force applied to the upper wall. The same applies for the vectors represented in the lower wall.
  • FIG. 15 B represents the same effect when the X-direction is a vertical direction.
  • FIGS. 14A, 14B, 16A and 16B The behaviour of this arrangement in cases of dynamic bending moments and forces is shown in FIGS. 14A, 14B, 16A and 16B .
  • FIG. 16A, 16B represent the combination of a bending moment in Z-direction and both X and Y-directions forces.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
US15/742,821 2015-07-10 2016-07-06 Construction arrangement and detachable connection assembly for this construction arrangement Abandoned US20180209134A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15382362.0A EP3115528A1 (de) 2015-07-10 2015-07-10 Konstruktionsanordnung und lösbare verbindungsanordnung für diese konstruktionsanordnung
EP15382362.0 2015-07-10
PCT/EP2016/066054 WO2017009153A1 (en) 2015-07-10 2016-07-06 Construction arrangement and detachable connection assembly for this construction arrangement

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US20180209134A1 true US20180209134A1 (en) 2018-07-26

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US (1) US20180209134A1 (de)
EP (1) EP3115528A1 (de)
CL (1) CL2018000003A1 (de)
CO (1) CO2018000121A2 (de)
MX (1) MX2018000088A (de)
WO (1) WO2017009153A1 (de)

Cited By (6)

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CN108951890A (zh) * 2018-08-02 2018-12-07 绍兴职业技术学院 一种装配式预制板的固定装置
CN108952188A (zh) * 2018-08-02 2018-12-07 绍兴职业技术学院 一种装配式外墙板的固定装置
CN109629698A (zh) * 2018-12-20 2019-04-16 张廷路 一种装配式建筑用便捷锁紧装配板
CN110630598A (zh) * 2019-08-16 2019-12-31 河南宝合元汽车配件有限公司 一种防止板件错位防错装置
US10883263B1 (en) * 2020-09-04 2021-01-05 Keiko Tsuru Reinforcing structure for wooden building
US11401707B2 (en) * 2018-07-10 2022-08-02 Zhaodi Zhou Prefabricated wall and assembly structure for prefabricated building, and construction method therefor

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WO2019165330A1 (en) * 2018-02-24 2019-08-29 Neji, Inc. System and methods for proof of network element
CN111894170A (zh) * 2020-07-29 2020-11-06 徐州易尚饰家装饰工程有限责任公司 一种装配式建筑外墙板拼接减震定位钢筋辅助结构

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GB204971A (en) * 1922-12-02 1923-10-11 Wilhelm Bachmann Improvements in carpenters' and like joints
US2040578A (en) * 1933-12-19 1936-05-12 Veco Corp Building construction
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US11401707B2 (en) * 2018-07-10 2022-08-02 Zhaodi Zhou Prefabricated wall and assembly structure for prefabricated building, and construction method therefor
CN108951890A (zh) * 2018-08-02 2018-12-07 绍兴职业技术学院 一种装配式预制板的固定装置
CN108952188A (zh) * 2018-08-02 2018-12-07 绍兴职业技术学院 一种装配式外墙板的固定装置
CN109629698A (zh) * 2018-12-20 2019-04-16 张廷路 一种装配式建筑用便捷锁紧装配板
CN110630598A (zh) * 2019-08-16 2019-12-31 河南宝合元汽车配件有限公司 一种防止板件错位防错装置
US10883263B1 (en) * 2020-09-04 2021-01-05 Keiko Tsuru Reinforcing structure for wooden building

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WO2017009153A1 (en) 2017-01-19
EP3115528A1 (de) 2017-01-11
MX2018000088A (es) 2018-08-15
CL2018000003A1 (es) 2018-07-27

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