US20180195016A1 - Gasoline compositions with improved octane number - Google Patents
Gasoline compositions with improved octane number Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20180195016A1 US20180195016A1 US15/742,129 US201615742129A US2018195016A1 US 20180195016 A1 US20180195016 A1 US 20180195016A1 US 201615742129 A US201615742129 A US 201615742129A US 2018195016 A1 US2018195016 A1 US 2018195016A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- gasoline
- octane
- gasoline composition
- methyl
- formula
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 C4-C12 cycloalkyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ANHQLUBMNSSPBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4h-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one Chemical group C1=CN=C2NC(=O)COC2=C1 ANHQLUBMNSSPBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 0 [1*]C1([2*])OCC(CO[3*])O1 Chemical compound [1*]C1([2*])OCC(CO[3*])O1 0.000 description 4
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethyllead Chemical compound CC[Pb](CC)(CC)CC MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940043265 methyl isobutyl ketone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940043232 butyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940095259 butylated hydroxytoluene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940032007 methylethyl ketone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- RNVYQYLELCKWAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N solketal Chemical compound CC1(C)OCC(CO)O1 RNVYQYLELCKWAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZISSAWUMDACLOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triptane Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)C ZISSAWUMDACLOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromoethane Chemical compound BrCCBr PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCQDPIXQTSYZJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(butylamino)anthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(NCCCC)=CC=C2NCCCC OCQDPIXQTSYZJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDMXPMYSWFDBJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypentane Chemical group CCCCCOCC VDMXPMYSWFDBJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPLCSTZDXXUYDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 OPLCSTZDXXUYDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VCZXRQFWGHPRQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)CC(C)(C)C.CC(C)CC(C)(C)C Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C.CC(C)CC(C)(C)C VCZXRQFWGHPRQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICBJCVRQDSQPGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl hexyl ether Chemical group CCCCCCOC ICBJCVRQDSQPGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006079 antiknock agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QSCAXGGEMZIPTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene iron iron(2+) Chemical compound [CH-]1C=CC=C1.[CH-]1C=CC=C1.[Fe+2].[Fe] QSCAXGGEMZIPTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006080 lead scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- RCTGMCJBQGBLKT-PAMTUDGESA-N scarlet red Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1\N=N\C(C=C1C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=C(O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C12 RCTGMCJBQGBLKT-PAMTUDGESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- NRBKWAQSLYBVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N solvent red 26 Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1N=NC1=CC(C)=C(N=NC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2O)C=C1C NRBKWAQSLYBVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BATVZJPOLFSGTD-WCWDXBQESA-N solvent yellow 124 Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CCOC(C)OCC(C)C)CC)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=CC=C1 BATVZJPOLFSGTD-WCWDXBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- HVZJRWJGKQPSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-Amyl methyl ether Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)OC HVZJRWJGKQPSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethyl ether Chemical compound CCOC(C)(C)C NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
- C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
- C10L1/1855—Cyclic ethers, e.g. epoxides, lactides, lactones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/10—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
- C10L2200/0438—Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
- C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
- C10L2270/023—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for gasoline engines
Definitions
- the various refinery streams blended to make gasoline have different characteristics. Some important streams are:
- a further object of the invention is to propose a metal free non-toxic octane booster additive for octane adjustment of gasoline compositions which is effective at low dosage.
- the metal-free gasoline composition of the invention comprises at least one gasoline fuel and from 0.05 to 1% by weight of an octane booster additive comprising at least one compound of formula I below:
- R 3 is H, a linear or branched alkyl, a cycloalkyl or a C( ⁇ O)R 4 group, with R 4 being a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl or a C5-C6 cycloalkyl.
- R 3 is H or a C( ⁇ O)R 4 group, with R 4 being methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, n-butyl or tert-butyl.
- R1 is methyl
- R2 is phenyl
- R3 is H
- the compound is commercially available, for example under the name Augeo® Film HB. This compound can be synthesized by reaction between glycerol and acetophenone, under well-known classical conditions.
- R1 and R2 are methyl and R3 is a C( ⁇ O)R4 group, with R4 being methyl.
- the compound is commercially available, for example under the name Augeo® ACT. This compound can be synthesized by transesterification of Solketal with an alkyl acetate under well-known classical conditions.
- This blend preferably comprises Augeo® Clean Multi and Augeo® Clean Plus, in a weight ratio from about 30:70 to 70:30, and even more preferably 50:50.
- Another advantageous blend comprises Augeo® Clean Plus and Augeo® ACT, in a weight ratio from 30:70 to 70:30, and even more preferably 60:40.
- the octane booster additive of the gasoline according to the invention can further comprise esters of C1-C6 carboxylic acids and/or ketones such as butyl acetate, propyl acetate, Methyl Isobutyl Ketone and Methyl Ethyl Ketone, advantageously ethyl acetate.
- esters of C1-C6 carboxylic acids and/or ketones such as butyl acetate, propyl acetate, Methyl Isobutyl Ketone and Methyl Ethyl Ketone, advantageously ethyl acetate.
- the molar ratio of compound of formula I/esters of C1-C6 carboxylic acids and/or ketones, and in particular the molar ratio of compound of formula I/ethyl acetate can be from 30:70 to 100:0, preferably from 50:50 to 95:5.
- Augeo® SL191 which is commercially available, was added in the concentrations indicated below, and the octane numbers were measured according with the standard already mentioned.
- the table VII below indicates the results obtained.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a new gasoline composition containing a specific low quantity of glycerol ketal or acetal as an additive able to boost the octane number of the gasoline composition. The invention also aims at the use of said glycerol ketal or acetal as a metal free octane booster additive for octane adjustment of gasoline compositions.
- Gasoline, also known as petrol outside of North America, is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in internal combustion engines. It consists mostly of organic compounds obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a variety of additives.
- Spark ignition engines are designed to burn gasoline in a controlled process called deflagration. However, the unburned mixture may autoignite by detonating from pressure and heat alone, rather than ignite from the spark plug at exactly the right time. This causes a rapid pressure rise which can damage the engine. This is often referred to as engine knocking or end-gas knock. Knocking can be reduced by increasing the gasoline's resistance to autoignition, which is expressed by its octane number.
- Indeed, the characteristic of a particular gasoline blend to resist igniting too early (which causes knocking and reduces efficiency in reciprocating engines) is measured by its octane number. Gasoline is produced in several grades of octane numbers.
- Octane number is measured relative to a mixture of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (an isomer of octane) and n-heptane. The second one has an octane number of 0, while iso-octane (2,2,4-trimethyl pentane) is 100. Linear combinations of these two components are used to measure the octane number of a particular fuel. A 90%/10% blend of isooctane/n-heptane has an octane value of 90. Any fuel knocking at the same compression ratio as this mixture is said to have an octane number of 90.
- There are different conventions for expressing octane numbers, so the same physical fuel may have several different octane ratings based on the measure used. One of the best known is the research octane number (RON).
- Research Octane Number (RON) is measured in mild conditions (inlet temp and RPM), indicative of normal road performance, while Motor Octane Number (MON) is measured in severe conditions (inlet temp and RPM), indicative of high speed performance. The spread between the two numbers (MON&RON) is known as the fuel sensitivity. Classically, both numbers are measured with a standardized single cylinder, variable compression ratio engine. For both RON and MON, the engine is operated at a constant speed (RPM'S) and the compression ratio is increased until the onset of knocking. For RON engine speed is set at 600 rpm and MON is at 900 rpm.
- Gasoline is produced in oil refineries from crude oil.
- The bulk of a typical gasoline consists of hydrocarbons with between 4 and 12 carbon atoms per molecule (commonly referred to as C4-C12). It is a mixture of paraffins (alkanes), cycloalkanes (naphthenes), and olefins (alkenes), where the usage of the terms paraffin and olefin is particular to the oil industry. The actual ratio depends on:
-
- the oil refinery that makes the gasoline, as not all refineries have the same set of processing units;
- the crude oil feed used by the refinery;
- the grade of gasoline, in particular, the octane rating.
- The various refinery streams blended to make gasoline have different characteristics. Some important streams are:
-
- straight-run gasoline, usually also called naphtha is distilled directly from crude oil. Once the leading source of fuel, its low octane rating required lead additives. It is low in aromatics (depending on the grade of crude oil), containing some cycloalkanes (naphthenes) and no olefins (alkenes). Between 0 and 20% of this stream is pooled into the finished gasoline.
- reformate, produced in a catalytic reformer has a high octane rating with high aromatic content, and relatively low olefins (alkenes). Most of the benzene, toluene, and xylene (the so-called BTX) are more valuable as chemical feedstocks and are thus removed to some extent.
- catalytic cracked gasoline or catalytic cracked naphtha, produced from a catalytic cracker, with a moderate octane rating, high olefins (alkene) content, and moderate aromatics level.
- hydrocrackate (heavy, mid, and light) produced from a hydrocracker, with medium to low octane rating and moderate aromatic levels.
- alkylate is produced in an alkylation unit, using as feedstocks isobutane and alkenes. Alkylate contains no aromatics and alkenes and has high MON.
- isomerate is obtained by isomerizing low octane straight run gasoline to iso-paraffins (non-chain alkanes, like isooctane). Isomerate has medium RON and MON, but nil aromatics and olefins.
- butane is usually blended in the gasoline pool, although the quantity of this stream is limited by the Reid Vapor Pressure specification; which regulates the volatility of gasoline.
- The terms above are the jargon used in the oil industry and terminology varies.
- Gasoline can also contain other organic compounds, such as organic ethers (deliberately added), plus small levels of contaminants, in particular organosulfur compounds, but these are usually removed at the refinery.
- Gasoline generally also comprises various additives like:
-
- Alcohols: Methanol, Ethanol, Isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, Gasoline grade t-butanol;
- Ethers: Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), now outlawed in many states of the U.S. for road use, mostly because of water contamination, Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME), Tertiary hexyl methyl ether (THEME), Ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), Tertiary amyl ethyl ether (TAEE), Diisopropyl ether (DIPE);
- Antioxidants, stabilizers: Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 2,4-Dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,6-DTBP), p-Phenylenediamine, Ethylene diamine;
- Antiknock agents: Tetraethyllead, Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), Ferrocene, Iron pentacarbonyl, Toluene, Isooctane, Triptane
- Lead scavengers (for leaded gasoline): Tricresyl phosphate (TCP), 1,2-Dibromoethane, 1,2-Dichloroethane;
- Fuel dyes, most common: Solvent Red 24, Solvent Red 26, Solvent Yellow 124, Solvent Blue 35.
- Tetraethyllead and other lead compounds are no longer used in most areas to regulate and increase octane-rating because of health and environment concerns.
- Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is used in Canada and in Australia to boost octane, but its use in the US has been restricted by regulations.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,390,345 describes the use of 1,3-dioxolane and lower alkyl or alkenyl derivatives thereof as exhaust hydrocarbon emissions reducers for MMT antiknock containing gasoline compositions. As explained before, the use of MMT containing gasoline compositions is now restricted because of its toxicity for environment.
- EP2298851 discloses the use of a blend of Alcohol and cyclic ketal at minimum 10% by weight of the gasoline composition in order to improve the octane number of the composition. It is also specified that the use of 10% by weight of a glycerol-acetone cyclic ketal in gasoline increases the octane number by 1.4 units.
- There are several units in the refinery which are ending up recycling and upgrading naphta into components that end up in the gasoline pool/blending facility of the refinery, including high and low octane components which are blended to produce commercial grade of gasoline with the desired octane number.
- In the process of blending, all the specification parameters need to be met, such as distillation curves and Octane Numbers. There are 2 types of Octane improvers:
-
- Blending Components: They are used in high percentages, usually around 10-20% in the blending process. For example MTBE (under scrutiny for toxicity) and Ethanol;
- Octane Booster Additives: They are used to increase the Octane Number of Final Blends. Usually 2000 to 10000 ppm max to meet the desired RON number
- It is difficult to blend gasoline, meeting all the technical parameters and always meeting the final Octane target; because most of the calculations are done by computer simulations and most of the blending is done in huge quantity with operation volume losses in cargoes or pipelines. For example, you could finish your blend of a gasoline with an expected RON at 98 with all the specifications correct and when you make your final sample tests (top, middle and bottom of storage tank), your average RON is at 97.8. In this case you have to add Octane boosters which are mixed into the tank in a less than 12 hours operation. Currently the main technologies are metals, Manganese (MMT) or Iron (ferrocene) for example. These technologies are under a lot of scrutiny due to emission effects.
- One of the objects of the invention is to propose an improved metal free high octane number gasoline composition with a reduced emission impact during combustion.
- A further object of the invention is to propose a metal free non-toxic octane booster additive for octane adjustment of gasoline compositions which is effective at low dosage.
- Another objective of the present invention is to propose a metal free non-toxic octane booster additive for octane adjustment of gasoline compositions that is at least partially originated from bio-resources.
- The invention thus proposes a metal-free gasoline composition comprising at least one gasoline fuel and from 0.05 to 1% by weight of an octane booster additive comprising at least one compound of formula I below:
- wherein
- R1 and R2, independently from one another, are selected in the group consisting of: a linear or branched C1-C12 alkyl, a C4-C12 cycloalkyl or an aryl.
- R3 is H, a linear or branched alkyl, a cycloalkyl or a C(═O)R4 group, with R4 being a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl or a C5-C6 cycloalkyl.
- The present invention also proposes the use of from 0.05 to 1% by weight of a composition comprising at least one compound of formula I described above according to all the possible embodiments and combinations thereof as an octane number booster additive for a gasoline composition. In particular, the use is as octane booster additive to adjust the octane number of a blended gasoline fuel.
- The metal-free gasoline composition of the invention comprises at least one gasoline fuel and from 0.05 to 1% by weight of an octane booster additive comprising at least one compound of formula I below:
- wherein
- R1 and R2, independently from one another, are selected in the group consisting of: a linear or branched C1-C12 alkyl, a C4-C12 cycloalkyl or an aryl.
- R3 is H, a linear or branched alkyl, a cycloalkyl or a C(═O)R4 group, with R4 being a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl or a C5-C6 cycloalkyl.
- In a preferred embodiment, R1 and R2, independently from one another, are selected in the group consisting of: methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or phenyl.
- Advantageously, in formula I above R3 is H or a C(═O)R4 group, with R4 being methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, n-butyl or tert-butyl.
- One preferred embodiment is when R1 and R2 are methyl and R3 is H. In this case, the compound is commercially available, for example under the name Augeo® Clean Multi, Augeo® SL191 or Solketal. This compound can be synthesized by reaction between glycerol and acetone, under well-known classical conditions.
- In another embodiment, R1 is methyl, R2 is isobutyl and R3 is H. In this case, the compound is commercially available, for example under the name Augeo® Clean Plus. This compound can be synthesized by reaction between glycerol and methyl-isobutyl ketone, under well-known classical conditions.
- In a third embodiment, R1 is methyl, R2 is phenyl and R3 is H. In this case, the compound is commercially available, for example under the name Augeo® Film HB. This compound can be synthesized by reaction between glycerol and acetophenone, under well-known classical conditions.
- Another possibility is to have R1 and R2 are methyl and R3 is a C(═O)R4 group, with R4 being methyl. In this case, the compound is commercially available, for example under the name Augeo® ACT. This compound can be synthesized by transesterification of Solketal with an alkyl acetate under well-known classical conditions.
- Glycerol can be obtained as a co-product from biodiesel production during the transesterification of triglycerides. Glycerol is thus a product that can come from bio-resources.
- Usual Octane enhancing compounds are not environment friendly: lead additives are toxic air pollutants and poison catalytic converter catalysts. In Gasoline, benzene is carcinogenic, aromatics produce more smoke and smog and olefins form engine fouling gums, more smoke & smog.
- The compounds of formula I of the invention have very good performance in the application, low odor and no toxicity to humans or environment. In addition, their use induces no security issues because of their high flash point. There are sustainable alternatives to existing octane boosters in gasoline application as they meet the three pillars of sustainability (economical, environmental and social).
- It is also a favorable embodiment when a blend of two or more compounds of formula I is used in the gasoline composition according to the invention. This blend preferably comprises Augeo® Clean Multi and Augeo® Clean Plus, in a weight ratio from about 30:70 to 70:30, and even more preferably 50:50. Another advantageous blend comprises Augeo® Clean Plus and Augeo® ACT, in a weight ratio from 30:70 to 70:30, and even more preferably 60:40.
- One possible embodiment is when the octane booster additive consists in one or more compounds of formula I.
- Also, the octane booster additive of the gasoline according to the invention can further comprise esters of C1-C6 carboxylic acids and/or ketones such as butyl acetate, propyl acetate, Methyl Isobutyl Ketone and Methyl Ethyl Ketone, advantageously ethyl acetate. According to this embodiment, the molar ratio of compound of formula I/esters of C1-C6 carboxylic acids and/or ketones, and in particular the molar ratio of compound of formula I/ethyl acetate can be from 30:70 to 100:0, preferably from 50:50 to 95:5.
- In brief, according to the invention “from 0.05 to 1% by weight of an octane booster additive comprising at least one compound of formula I” means that the octane booster can be either 100% at least one compound of formula I or can comprises a minimum of 0.015% of at least one compound of formula I, the rest being esters of C1-C6 carboxylic acids and/or ketones such as butyl acetate, propyl acetate, Methyl Isobutyl Ketone and Methyl Ethyl Ketone, advantageously ethyl acetate.
- In the gasoline composition according to the invention, it is particularly preferred to have the octane booster additive present in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0%, preferably from 0.2 to 1% and even more preferably 0.2 to 0.8% by weight of the total weight of the gasoline composition.
- The gasoline fuel can comprise a complex mixture of light hydrocarbons containing 5-12 carbon atoms produced in oil refineries. Gasoline is composed of over 200 chemicals, such as: benzene (up to 5%), Toluene (up to 20%), naphthalene (up to 2%), trimethylbenzene (up to 5%) and others.
- The present invention also proposes the use of from 0.05 to 1% by weight of a composition comprising at least one compound of formula I described above according to all the possible embodiments and combinations thereof as an octane number booster additive for a gasoline composition. In particular, the use is as octane booster additive to adjust the octane number of a blended gasoline fuel.
- All the specific embodiments described above for the gasoline composition also apply to the use above mentioned.
- The introduction of the compound of formula I above into gasoline leads to gasoline motor fuels making it possible to increase the octane number with respect to a fuel not containing the products in question. For example, the invention surprisingly, at a such low dosage of 1% of Augeo SL191, allows an increase in the octane number of 0.6, which is well above the expectations of the prior art.
- The following examples illustrate the invention in a non-limiting way.
-
FIG. 1 to 3 correspond to octane number (RON and MON) measurement diagrams as a function of the quantity of Augeo® SL191 added for three different gasoline fuels. Those figures are related to Examples 1 to 3. -
FIGS. 4 and 5 are octane number (RON and MON) measurement diagrams as a function of the quantity of Augeo® SL191 and ethyl acetate added to two different gasoline fuels, as described in Examples 4 and 5. - For the examples below, the parameters have been measured according to the standards indicated in the below table I.
-
TABLE I methods of measure RON MON NF EN ISO 5164 NF EN ISO 5163 - Octane number results (RON and MON) have been measured for different types of gasoline, after addition of different additives, followed by a reasonable time of stirring (approximately 10 minutes). Results are as shown in examples 1 to 5 below.
- This type of gasoline is indicated to high performance automobiles because its RON specification is minimum 95. It's availability will depend on each region needs and habits, but it is quite common in Europe and some countries of Latin America, for example.
- Augeo SL191, which is commercially available, was added in the concentrations indicated below, and the octane numbers were measured according with the standard already mentioned. The table II below indicates the results obtained.
-
TABLE II 95 RON Gasoline Details Gasoline Legislation NF EN ISO 5164 NF EN ISO 5163 % (w/w) Augeo SL191 RON MON 0.00 95.8 85.3 1.00 96.4 85.6 - The diagram of this example is presented on
FIG. 1 . - Gasoline that, despite of the minimum RON of 91 as specification, also requires no lead content. It's availability will depend on each region needs and habits, but it is quite common in Australia and New Zeland, for example.
- Augeo SL191, which is commercially available, was added in the concentrations indicated below, and the octane numbers were measured according with the standard already mentioned. The table III below indicates the results obtained.
-
TABLE III Unleaded Gasoline 91Details Gasoline Legislation NF EN ISO 5164 NF EN ISO 5163 % (w/w) Augeo SL191 RON MON 0.00 90.4 83.3 0.20 90.7 83.8 - The diagram of this example is presented on
FIG. 2 . - SP95 means “sans plomb”, which in french means unlead, and 95 is the minimum RON required. It's availability will depend on each region needs and habits, but it is quite common in Europe, for example.
- Augeo SL191, which is commercially available, was added in the concentrations indicated below, and the octane numbers were measured according with the standard already mentioned. The table IV below indicates the results obtained.
-
TABLE IV SP95 Details Gasoline Legislation NF EN ISO 5164 NF EN ISO 5163 % (w/w) Augeo SL191 RON MON 0.00 96.1 85.3 0.20 96.3 85.3 - The diagram of this example is presented on
FIG. 3 . - A blend of 50% by weight of Augeo SL191 and 50% of ethyl acetate, which are both commercially available, was prepared and then was added in the concentrations indicated below, and the octane numbers were measured according with the standard already mentioned. The table V below indicates the results obtained.
-
TABLE V Unleaded Gasoline 91 Details Gasoline Legislation NF EN ISO 5164 NF EN ISO 5163 % (w/w) 50 % Augeo SL191 50% Ethyl AcetateRON MON 0.00 90.4 83.3 0.20 90.9 83.9 - The diagram of this example is presented on
FIG. 4 . - A blend of 50% by weight of Augeo SL191 and 50% by weight of ethyl acetate, which are both commercially available, was prepared and then was added in the concentrations indicated below, and the octane numbers were measured according with the standard already mentioned. The table VI below indicates the results obtained.
-
TABLE VI SP95 Details Gasoline Legislation NF EN ISO 5164 NF EN ISO 5163 % (w/w) 50 % Augeo SL191 50% Ethyl AcetateRON MON 0.00 96.40 85.00 0.50 96.90 85.40 1.00 97.10 85.50 - The diagram of this example is presented on
FIG. 5 . - Augeo® SL191, which is commercially available, was added in the concentrations indicated below, and the octane numbers were measured according with the standard already mentioned. The table VII below indicates the results obtained.
-
TABLE VII Unleaded gasoline Details Gasoline Legislation NF EN ISO 5164 NF EN ISO 5163 % (w/w) Augeo SL191 RON MON 0.00 94.9 85.7 1.45 94.8 85.5 - The above results show that at quite low dosage of the components of Formula I by themselves or as a blend with esters are able to improve the octane number of different types of gasoline, and both the RON and MON parameters. On the contrary, by addition of a higher quantity of Augeo SL191 (see comparative example) in the gasoline the octane booster effect disappears.
Claims (15)
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PCT/IB2015/001131 WO2017006142A1 (en) | 2015-07-06 | 2015-07-06 | Gasoline compositions with improved octane number |
PCT/IB2016/000959 WO2017006169A1 (en) | 2015-07-06 | 2016-07-05 | Gasoline compositions with improved octane number |
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CN109852444B (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2021-01-29 | 山东聚兴新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of gasoline octane number improver |
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GB1145930A (en) * | 1967-12-22 | 1969-03-19 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Liquid fuel composition |
US4179553A (en) * | 1978-11-03 | 1979-12-18 | The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company | Polyphosphazene polymers containing cyclic ketal substituents |
US4390345A (en) | 1980-11-17 | 1983-06-28 | Somorjai Gabor A | Fuel compositions and additive mixtures for reducing hydrocarbon emissions |
RU2387702C2 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2010-04-27 | Михил Арьян КАУСЕМАКЕР | Method for making oxygenate as combustion catalyst, uppermost diesel fuels, petrols and methyl ether of rapeseed oil |
EP1725636A1 (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2006-11-29 | Institut Français du Pétrole | Method for producing biofuels, transforming triglycerides into at least two biofuel families: fatty acid monoesters and ethers and/or soluble glycerol acetals |
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US20110154725A1 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2011-06-30 | Sergey Dmitrievich Varfolomeev | Agent for increasing the octane number of a gasoline automobile fuel |
ITMI20120570A1 (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2013-10-07 | Eni Spa | FUEL COMPOSITIONS INCLUDING HYDROPHOBIC DERIVATIVES OF GLYCERINE |
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