RU2337943C1 - Oxygen containing additive to petrol and method of its production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas indystry.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to oil processing and petrochemistry, particularly to composition and method of production of antiknock additives to petrol, which can be used in engines with compulsory ignition. There is described the oxygen containing additive to petrol, consisting of methyl tert-butyl ether, isopropyl alcohol and/or diisopropyl ether, containing the said components at a following ratio, wt %: methyl tert-butyl ether 40-95, isopropyl alcohol and/or diisopropyl ether 5-60. There is also described the method of preparing an oxygen containing additive to petrol, consisting of methyl tert-butyl ether, isopropyl alcohol and/or diisopropyl ether by means of mixing of components by means of circulation and its successive exposure to electromagnetic field of 3.0-1.6 eV during 1-10 s.

EFFECT: production of additive, possessing upgraded antiknock properties and reduced sensitivity at additive introduction into petrol.

2 cl, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of oil refining and petrochemicals, specifically to the composition of anti-knock additives to gasoline used in forced-ignition engines, and methods for preparing these additives.

The antiknock properties of gasoline are characterized by octane numbers. To characterize gasoline, octane numbers are used, which are determined by the research and motor method, while the octane numbers for Premium Euro-95 gasoline must correspond to 95 and 85 points according to the research and motor method, respectively, for Regular gasoline Euro-92 must correspond to 92 and 83 points according to the research and motor method, respectively (GOST R 51866-2002), and for Normal-80 gasoline, 80 and 76 points should correspond to the research and motor method, respectively (GOST R 51105-97).

To improve the anti-knock properties of gasoline, metal-containing additives based on compounds of lead, manganese, iron and some other metals, organic amines, oxygen-containing organic compounds - oxygenates or combinations of these compounds can be used (Danilov A.M. Use of additives in fuels. M .: Mir, 2005, 288 pp.).

Gasoline additives containing oxygenates, aromatic amine, and organic compounds of manganese, iron, molybdenum, or lithium are known (RF Patent 2260034, C10L 1/18, 1/22; RF Patent 2276683, C10L 1/18, 1/22; RF Patent 2203927 , C10L 1/18). The disadvantage of additives containing organometallic compounds is that they adversely affect the operation of internal combustion engines: the wear of engine parts increases, the performance of spark plugs decreases, and soot on exhaust valves increases. In addition, metal-containing additives adversely affect the environment and are strong toxicants.

Effective additives to motor gasolines that improve anti-knock characteristics, reduce the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases and do not adversely affect engines are oxygen-containing compounds - oxygenates and aromatic amines. A number of additives are known containing various oxygenates. The use as high-octane additives for gasolines methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl and tert-amyl alcohols (U.S. Patent No. 3,822,119, Cl. 44-51), as well as additives to gasoline containing aliphatic alcohols, C ₃ -C ₅ and ethyl alcohol (U.S. Patent 4,541,836, C10L 1/18). However, the effectiveness of additives containing only aliphatic alcohols is not high enough.

Improving the effectiveness of alcohol additives to gasolines is achieved using mixed additives containing other organic compounds along with alcohols.

Known additives based on isopropyl alcohol and diisopropyl ether (RF Patent 2205202, C10L 1/18) or on the basis of isopropyl alcohol and its products also containing diisopropyl ether and propylene polymerization products (RF Patent 2260033, C10L 1/18).

Additives are known that contain, along with aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic alcohol esters, in particular methyl tert-butyl ether and / or N-methylaniline (RF Patent 2139914, C10L 1/18, C10L 1/22; RF Patent 2128209, C10L 1/02, 10L 1/18). The combined use of various oxygenates allows one to obtain additives with more pronounced antiknock properties compared to individual compounds.

A disadvantage of the known additives is that although their introduction into the composition of motor gasolines leads to an increase in octane numbers, the sensitivity of fuels (sensitivity refers to the difference in the octane values by the research and motor methods) increases, which makes it difficult to obtain marketable gasolines with specified octane values numbers according to the motor and research method (Zabryansky E.I., Zarubin A.P. Knock resistance and flammability of motor fuels. M: Chemistry, 1974. P.189-192).

The closest in technical essence is a gasoline additive containing an octane-raising component based on a nitrogen or oxygen-containing compound and aliphatic alcohol, while isopropyl alcohol is used as an aliphatic alcohol, and N-methylaniline or methyl tert-butyl ether is used as an octane-raising additive or diisopropyl ether in an amount of 1-20 wt.% (RF Patent 2213126, С10L 1/18, С10L 1/22). According to the patent, the additive is introduced into gasoline in an amount of 1-15 wt.%.

The disadvantage of this method is that when it is introduced into fuel compositions with a high content of aromatic and / or olefinic hydrocarbons, the sensitivity of the resulting composition increases (the difference between the octane numbers by the research and motor methods), which does not allow obtaining marketable gasolines with the necessary octane characteristics.

The aim of the present invention is to develop the composition of the anti-knock additive to gasoline and a method for its production, which provides commercial gasoline with the required octane numbers by research and motor methods.

The goal is achieved by the proposed formulation of an oxygen-containing additive and the method of its preparation by electromagnetic exposure to the finished additive.

An essential distinguishing feature of the proposed method is that the finished additive is exposed to an electromagnetic field with an energy of 3.0-1.6 eV for 1-10 s.

To solve this problem, an additive to motor gasolines is proposed, containing, wt.%:

Methyl tert-butyl ether 40.0-95.0

Isopropyl alcohol and / or disopropyl ether - 5.0-60.0

The proposed additive is prepared by mixing the components by circulation, followed by electromagnetic exposure with an energy of 3.0-1.6 eV for 1-10 s.

The selected ratio of components and the method of influencing the final mixture provides the additive with high antiknock characteristics and the necessary sensitivity when introducing additives into gasoline.

The additive and the method of its preparation meet the criterion of novelty and non-obviousness, since the provisions of the invention do not follow from the known technical solutions.

The proposed additive and method for its preparation is illustrated by the following examples. The following additive samples were prepared (Table 1).

Table 1 Additive Samples Component The composition of additives, wt.% one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 Methyl tert-butyl ether 95 40 fifty 55 fifty fifty 40 40 Isopropyl alcohol 5 60 fifty - twenty - 5 - Diisopropyl ether - - - 5 thirty fifty 55 60

Prepared samples of additives were introduced into gasoline mixtures of the following composition, wt.%:

Component: Mix No. 1 Mix No. 2 Straight-run gasoline NK-180 ° C fraction 40 10 Catalytic Reform Gasoline twenty 60 Catalytic Cracking Gasoline thirty twenty Thermal Cracking Gasoline 10 10 Octane number of the mixture: research method 73.0 88.1 motor method 66.0 78.5

The additive is introduced into gasoline mixtures in an amount of 3-20 wt.%. The introduction of additives in an amount of less than 3 wt.% Does not lead to a significant change in the octane number of the initial mixture, and in amounts of more than 20 wt.% It is not advisable due to a slight change in the antiknock properties of gasolines.

The results of evaluating the octane numbers by the research and motor method and the change in the sensitivity of the gasolines of the prepared gasoline mixtures with additives subjected to electromagnetic action and without exposure are shown in Tables 2, 3.

table 2 The test results of the gasoline mixture No. 1 with 12 wt.% Additives Indicators Supplement 1 Supplement 2 Supplement 3 Energy of electromagnetic influence, eV 2.0 - 1,6 - 3.0 - Exposure time, s four - four - 2 - Octane number, expl. method 80.5 80.1 81.0 80.0 80.7 79.5 Octane number, motor method 76.0 73.5 76.7 74.0 76.5 73.5 Sensitivity (OCH research method - OCH mot. Method) 4,5 6.6 4.3 6.0 4.2 6.0

Table 3 The test results of the gasoline mixture No. 2 with 12 wt.% Additives Indicators Supplement 4 Additive 5 Additive 6 Supplement 7 Additive 8 Energy of electromagnetic influence, eV 2.0 3.0 2,5 1.8 1,6 Exposure time, s 2 - one 5 3 10 Octane number, expl. method 93.0 92.2 92.5 92.3 92.0 92.1 Octane number, motor method 85.0 82.5 84.0 82.5 81.0 83.1 Sensitivity (OCH research method - OCH mot. Method) 8.0 10.0 8.5 9.8 11.0 9.0

The positive effect of the electromagnetic effect on the additive when it is introduced into hydrocarbon fractions containing gasolines of catalytic and thermal cracking and catalytic reforming (gasolines with a high content of olefin and aromatic hydrocarbons) lies in the fact that in its absence it is impossible to obtain marketable gasolines while meeting the requirements to the octane by research and motor method, i.e. Sensitivity of gasoline is not complied with. Namely: for Normal-80 gasoline with an octane rating according to the research. method 80, the sensitivity should not be more than 4 points, i.e. the octane number according to the motor method should not be lower than 76 points; for gasoline Regular Euro-92 with an octane rating of 92, the sensitivity should be no more than 9 points.

The above examples confirm that the introduction of additives in gasoline at the stated ratio of components and subsequent exposure to the finished additive with electromagnetic radiation in the specified wavelength range allows you to most effectively improve the anti-knock characteristics of commercial gasoline.

Claims (2)

1. An oxygen-containing additive to motor gasolines, consisting of methyl tert-butyl ether, isopropyl alcohol and diisopropyl ether, characterized in that it contains these components in the following ratio, wt.%: Methyl tert-butyl ether 40-95, isopropyl alcohol and / or diisopropyl ether 5-60 and subjected to electromagnetic action with an energy of 3.0-1.6 eV for 1-10 s. 2. A method of preparing an oxygen-containing additive to motor gasolines, consisting of methyl tert-butyl ether, isopropyl alcohol and diisopropyl ether according to claim 1, by mixing the components by circulation, characterized in that the resulting mixture is subjected to electromagnetic radiation with an energy of 3.0-1 , 6 eV for 1-10 s.