US20180120069A1 - Projectile - Google Patents

Projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
US20180120069A1
US20180120069A1 US15/796,306 US201715796306A US2018120069A1 US 20180120069 A1 US20180120069 A1 US 20180120069A1 US 201715796306 A US201715796306 A US 201715796306A US 2018120069 A1 US2018120069 A1 US 2018120069A1
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Prior art keywords
projectile
angle
core
tail portion
supercavitating
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US15/796,306
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English (en)
Inventor
Jun Kyu Kim
Hyung Se Kim
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority claimed from KR1020160141881A external-priority patent/KR101713529B1/ko
Priority claimed from KR1020160145967A external-priority patent/KR101702955B1/ko
Priority claimed from KR1020170049955A external-priority patent/KR101754061B1/ko
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Assigned to JUNG, IN, KIM, HYUNG SE reassignment JUNG, IN ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KIM, HYUNG SE, KIM, JUN KYU
Priority to KR1020170168180A priority Critical patent/KR20190047567A/ko
Publication of US20180120069A1 publication Critical patent/US20180120069A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/32—Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
    • F42B10/38—Range-increasing arrangements
    • F42B10/42—Streamlined projectiles
    • F42B10/44—Boat-tails specially adapted for drag reduction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/32—Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
    • F42B10/38—Range-increasing arrangements
    • F42B10/42—Streamlined projectiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/32—Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
    • F42B10/38—Range-increasing arrangements
    • F42B10/42—Streamlined projectiles
    • F42B10/46—Streamlined nose cones; Windshields; Radomes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a projectile, and more particularly, a projectile capable of implementing a long effective range, a high accuracy of hitting, and strong destructive power.
  • the present disclosure was made in light of the foregoing, and it is desirable to provide a lightweight projectile capable of implementing a long effective range, a high accuracy of hitting, and strong destructive power.
  • a projectile in an example, includes a head portion, a middle portion and a tail portion.
  • the middle portion is disposed between the head portion and the tail portion.
  • a recess is defined from a terminal end of the tail portion extending into the middle portion.
  • a length that the recess extends into the middle portion is in the range of L/11 to L/22 where L is a length of the projectile.
  • a projectile in another example, includes a head portion, a middle portion and a tail portion.
  • the middle portion is disposed between the head portion and the tail portion.
  • a recess is defined from a terminal end of the tail portion extending into the middle portion.
  • a center of gravity of the projectile is disposed between a midpoint of the projectile and a terminal end of the head portion.
  • a projectile in another example, includes a head portion, a middle portion and a tail portion.
  • the head portion includes a first region having a concave profile.
  • the middle portion is disposed between the head portion and the tail portion.
  • a recess is defined from a terminal end of the tail portion extending into the middle portion.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of an exemplary projectile shown in two rotated positions.
  • FIG. 2A is a side view of an exemplary projectile.
  • FIG. 2B is a bottom view of the exemplary projectile of FIG. 2A showing grooves of a first exemplary shape.
  • FIG. 2C is a bottom view of the exemplary projectile of FIG. 2A showing grooves of a second exemplary shape.
  • FIG. 2D is a bottom view of the exemplary projectile of FIG. 2A showing grooves of a third exemplary shape.
  • FIG. 3A is a perspective view of an exemplary projectile exiting a muzzle.
  • FIG. 3B is a perspective view of an exemplary projectile exiting a muzzle.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an exemplary projectile exiting a muzzle.
  • FIG. 5A is a photograph of a projectile expelled from a muzzle.
  • FIG. 5B is a photograph of a projectile expelled from a muzzle a period of time after FIG. 5A .
  • FIG. 5C is a photograph of a projectile expelled from a muzzle a period of time after FIG. 5B .
  • FIG. 6A is a photograph of a projectile expelled from a muzzle.
  • FIG. 6B is a photograph of a projectile expelled from a muzzle a period of time after FIG. 6A .
  • FIG. 6C is a photograph of a projectile expelled from a muzzle a period of time after FIG. 6B .
  • FIG. 7 is a rear perspective view of an exemplary projectile.
  • FIG. 8 is a side view of a projectile without grooves.
  • FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating a trajectory of a projectile.
  • FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating a trajectory of a projectile.
  • FIG. 10 is a side view of an exemplary projectile.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an exploded and internal of an exemplary projectile.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary jacketed projectile.
  • FIG. 13A is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile.
  • FIG. 13B is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile.
  • FIG. 13C is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile.
  • FIG. 13D is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile.
  • FIG. 14A is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile.
  • FIG. 14B is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile.
  • FIG. 14C is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile.
  • FIG. 14D is a cutaway and exploded view of an exemplary projectile.
  • FIG. 15A is a perspective view of an exemplary projectile core.
  • FIG. 15B is a perspective view of an exemplary projectile core.
  • FIG. 16 is a side view of an exemplary projectile.
  • FIG. 17 is a partial side view of an exemplary projectile head.
  • FIG. 18A is a side view of an exemplary projectile illustrating a supercavitation effect.
  • FIG. 18B is a side view of an exemplary projectile illustrating a supercavitation effect.
  • FIG. 19 is a partial side view of an exemplary projectile head.
  • FIG. 20 is a partial side view of an exemplary projectile head.
  • FIG. 21 is a side view of an exemplary projectile.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram of an exemplary artillery projectile.
  • the present disclosure applies, for example, to bullets having relatively small calibers for use in small guns such as pistols, rifles, and machineguns and shells having relatively large calibers for use in large guns or artillery weapons such as cannons, howitzers, mortars, and weapons installed in tanks, fighters, battleships, and submarines.
  • references to projectiles may include bullets, shells, and substances expelled from weapons using an propellant.
  • the present disclosure may also apply to projectiles that are expelled from weapons such as railguns using a magnetic field in addition to weapons using gunpowder as propellant.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an external appearance of a projectile according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the projectile 100 includes a head portion 110 , a middle portion 120 , and a tail portion 130 .
  • the head portion 110 has an ogive shape with a substantially streamlined nose to reduce air resistance or the drag of air.
  • the middle portion 120 may be a full diameter straight section.
  • the caliber corresponds to the diameter of the middle portion 120 .
  • the middle portion 120 may include a driving band 122 formed on an outer surface thereof near the tail portion 130 .
  • the driving band 122 limits or prevents the forward loss of gas around the projectile 100 in cooperation with the rifling of the barrel and is made of, for example, copper or a gilding metal.
  • the tail portion 130 includes a boat tail shape whose diameter gradually decreases.
  • the tail portion 130 includes a plurality of grooves 132 .
  • the plurality of grooves 132 may be symmetrically formed at regular intervals.
  • Each of the grooves 132 extend from a part of the middle portion 120 up to the bottom of the projectile 100 and may be substantially in a straight line form. It should be noted that if the groove 132 has a helical shape, the projectile 100 may not move forward and deviate from the target, and thus the accuracy of hitting of the projectile 100 is remarkably lowered. In some examples, only some of the grooves 132 which are symmetrically arranged may extend from a part of the middle portion 120 up to the bottom of the projectile 100 .
  • a length Lg of the groove 132 is larger than a length La of the tail portion 130 .
  • the groove 132 may have various shapes, and for example, the groove 132 may be a semi-circular, semi-elliptical, or semi-oval cross-sectional shape or may have a polygonal cross-sectional shape such as a rectangular or triangular cross-sectional shape.
  • a width of an upstream part 132 a and a width of a downstream part 132 b may be substantially equal or may be different.
  • the width of the upstream part 132 a is smaller than the width of a downstream part 132 b .
  • a depth of an upstream part 132 a and a depth of a downstream part 132 b may be substantially equal or may be different.
  • the depth of the groove 132 gradually increases downwards.
  • a cross-sectional shape of the upstream part 132 and a cross-sectional shape of the downstream part 132 b may substantially coincide or may be different.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the upstream part 132 may coincide with the cross-sectional shape of the downstream part 132 b , but the width of the upstream part 132 a may be different from the width of the downstream part 132 b .
  • a radius value of the cross section of the upstream part 132 be substantially equal to a radius value of the cross-section of the downstream part 132 b .
  • an internal angle of the inverted triangle of the cross section of the upstream part 132 be substantially equal to an internal angle of the inverted triangle of cross section of the downstream part 132 b.
  • the description will proceed with an example in which the upstream part 132 a and the downstream part 132 b have the semi-circular cross section, the width of the groove 132 gradually increases downwards, and the depth of the groove 132 gradually increases downwards.
  • the length Lg of the groove 132 is larger than the length Lt of the tail portion 130 .
  • a certain amount of gas is uniformly discharged through the groove 132 exposed from the muzzle as illustrated in FIG. 3 , and thus a yaw angle ⁇ y of the projectile 100 is reduced at an early stage as illustrated in FIG. 4 , and the projectile 100 flies stably, leading to a long effective range and a high accuracy of hitting.
  • FIGS. 5A-5C are photographs illustrating firing of a conventional projectile
  • FIGS. 6A-6C are photographs illustrating firing the projectile 100 of the present disclosure.
  • the gas may be uniformly discharged through the groove 132 exposed from the muzzle, and the projectile 100 stably flies with a small yaw angle, as compared with the projectile of the related art.
  • the length Lt of the tail portion 130 is 1 ⁇ 8 to 1 ⁇ 2 of the length (L) of the projectile 100 , and the length Lg of the groove 132 is larger than the length of the tail portion 130 by Ld.
  • Preferable dimensions are:
  • ⁇ t indicates an angle of the tail portion 132 relative to the outer surface of the middle portion 120 (hereinafter referred to as a “tail angle”)
  • ⁇ g indicates an angle of the groove 132 relative to the outer surface of the middle portion 120 (hereinafter referred to as a “groove angle”). That is, ⁇ g is an angle between an imaginary line obtained by connecting the deepest part (for example, a center point Pdc) of the groove 132 with a center point Puc of the upstream part 132 a and an imaginary line extended from the outer surface of the middle portion 120 .
  • the groove angle ⁇ g is preferably set to satisfy the following Formula (1):
  • tan tg (2 ⁇ C )/3)/ ⁇ ( L/ 8 to L/ 2)+( L/ 11 to L/ 22)) to ( C/ 2)/ ⁇ ( L/ 8 to L/ 2)+( L/ 11 to L/ 22) ⁇ , (1)
  • L indicates the length of the projectile 100
  • C indicates the diameter of the projectile 100 .
  • a difference between the groove angle ⁇ g and the tail angle ⁇ t depends on the diameter of the projectile 100 and is in a range of preferably 5° to 30°, and more preferably 10° to 20°. As the diameter (or the length) of the projectile 100 increases, the difference between the groove angle ⁇ g and the tail angle ⁇ t decreases, and a difference between the length Lt and the length Lg increases.
  • the groove 132 may extend on the same imaginary line serving as a center line CL (that is, an axis) of the projectile 100 or may extend with an angle ⁇ a relative to the center line CL of the projectile 100 (hereinafter referred to as an “axis angle”) as illustrated in FIG. 7 .
  • the axis angle ⁇ a of the groove 132 indicates an angle of an axial line passing the center point Puc of the upstream part 132 a and the center point of Pdc of the downstream part 132 b relative to the center line CL of the projectile 100 .
  • the axis angle ⁇ a is in a range of preferably ⁇ 15° to +30°, and more preferably ⁇ 4° to +10°.
  • a minus sign “ ⁇ ’ indicates a left direction centering on the center line of the projectile 100
  • a plus sign “+” indicates a right direction centering on the center line of the projectile 100 .
  • pressure of the propellant may push a certain area or more of the bottom of the projectile 100 when the projectile 100 is fired.
  • the bottom of the projectile 100 has a certain area or more.
  • the grooves 132 are formed so that the desired area is provided in the bottom of the projectile 100 .
  • the bottom area is preferably 1 ⁇ 2 to 2 ⁇ 3 of an area of a projectile having no groove.
  • the width and the depth of the groove 132 and the number of the grooves 132 are arranged so that, in an example, 1 ⁇ 2 to 2 ⁇ 3 of the area of the bottom of the projectile 100 remains.
  • the three grooves 132 are formed so that 1 ⁇ 2 to 2 ⁇ 3 of the area of the bottom of the projectile 100 remains relative to the area without the grooves.
  • the projectile of the related art suffers from an irregular air flow such as a vortex occurring behind the tail portion, and the flying force of the projectile is reduced accordingly.
  • the projectile 100 since the projectile 100 according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of grooves 132 with the above-described structure, the air flows into the bottom of the projectile 100 along the grooves, and the irregular air flow such as the vortex does not occur or is reduced. Thus, the projectile 100 stably flies toward the target with a small yaw angle, and the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the projectile 100 are remarkably increased. In addition, since the gas may be uniformly discharged at the early stage, the recoil is reduced.
  • the center of pressure (CP) is at a relative front position
  • the center of gravity (CG) is at a relative rear position. Since the length of the projectile varies depending on the use purpose of the projectile, as the length of the projectile increases, the distance between the center of pressure (CP) and the center of gravity (CP) increases. As the distance between the center of pressure (CP) and the center of gravity (CP) increases, the yaw angle increases. The projectile expelled from the muzzle undergoes the spin precession maneuver (SPM) in which the projectile spins on the axis (e.g., the center line) thereof with the yaw angle.
  • SPM spin precession maneuver
  • the spin precession maneuver (SPM) with the large yaw angle reduces the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the projectile. If the projectile rotates 180° in the traveling direction, and the tail portion of the projectile is positioned at front while giving little impact to the target as illustrated in FIG. 9A .
  • the projectile of the present embodiment has a center of gravity (CG) close to the center of pressure (CP), as illustrated in FIG. 10 .
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an internal configuration of the projectile 100 according to the present embodiment.
  • the projectile 100 includes a plurality of cores.
  • the projectile 100 is illustrated with first and second cores 140 and 150 .
  • a jacket is not separately formed, and the outer surfaces of the first and second cores 140 and 150 serve as the jacket.
  • the first and second cores 140 and 150 may be enveloped by a jacket 160 made of, for example, copper as illustrated in FIG. 12 .
  • the center of gravity (CG) of the projectile 100 is positioned between a middle point of the projectile 100 (a position corresponding to 1 ⁇ 2 of the length L of the projectile 100 ) and the center of pressure (CP). Accordingly, the yaw angle of the projectile 100 is reduced, and the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the projectile are significantly improved as illustrated in FIG. 9B .
  • the first and second cores 140 and 150 may be made of materials which cause the center of gravity (CG) of the projectile 100 to be positioned between the middle point of the projectile 100 and the center of pressure (CP). As the distance between the center of gravity (CG) and the center of pressure (CP) of the projectile 100 decreases, the yaw angle decreases, and the improvement in the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the projectile increases.
  • CG center of gravity
  • CP center of pressure
  • the first core 140 and the second core 150 have the length Lc 1 and the length Lc 2 , respectively:
  • L indicates the length of the projectile 100 .
  • the number of cores included in the projectile is two, but the number of cores is not particularly limited as long as the center of gravity (CG) of the projectile 100 is positioned between the middle point of the projectile 100 and the center of pressure (CP).
  • the number of cores may be one.
  • the projectile 100 may have a single core in which the first core 140 and the second core 150 are integrally formed.
  • the first and second cores 140 and 150 can be formed in various shapes as illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14 .
  • FIG. 13 are diagrams illustrating examples in which the first and second cores 140 and 150 are separately formed
  • FIG. 14 are diagrams illustrating examples in which the second core 150 is formed integrally with the first core 140 or the jacket 160 .
  • the first core 140 may be made of a material which is higher in a specific gravity than the second core 150 .
  • the first core 140 is made of metal or a non-metal material, for example, one or more of an iron (Fe)-carbon (C)-based alloy, a tungsten carbide (WC)-based alloy, alloy steel, an aluminum (Al)-based alloy, copper (Cu), a Cu-based alloy, stainless steel, cast iron, a tungsten (W)-based alloy, chromium (Cr) steel, a molybdenum (Mo)-based alloy, an Ni—Cr—Mo-based alloy, a uranium (U)-based alloy, a 5Cr—Mo—V-based alloy, and a 5Ni—Cr—Mo—V-based alloy.
  • the second core 150 is made of metal or a non-metal material, for example, one or more of an Al-based alloy, stainless steel, carbon (C), reinforced plastics, reinforced resin, non-ferrous metal, and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material.
  • a non-metal material for example, one or more of an Al-based alloy, stainless steel, carbon (C), reinforced plastics, reinforced resin, non-ferrous metal, and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material.
  • the first core 140 and the second core 150 may be made of the same material, for example, one or more of an iron (Fe)-carbon (C)-based alloy, a tungsten carbide (WC)-based alloy, alloy steel, an aluminum (Al)-based alloy, copper (Cu), a Cu-based alloy, stainless steel, cast iron, a tungsten (W)-based alloy, chromium (Cr) steel, a molybdenum (Mo)-based alloy, an Ni—Cr—Mo-based alloy, a uranium (U)-based alloy, a 5Cr—Mo—V-based alloy, and a 5Ni—Cr—Mo—V-based alloy, reinforced plastics, reinforced resin, non-ferrous metal, and an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material.
  • the shapes of the first core 140 and the second core 150 are decided so that the center of gravity (CG) of the projectile 100 is positioned between the middle point of the project
  • the jacket 160 may be made of a soft material which is equal or lower in a specific gravity to or than the first core 140 , for example, one or more of copper (Cu), a Cu-based alloy, and an Al-based alloy.
  • a soft material which is equal or lower in a specific gravity to or than the first core 140 , for example, one or more of copper (Cu), a Cu-based alloy, and an Al-based alloy.
  • the center of gravity (CG) of the projectile 100 can be positioned between the middle point and the center of pressure (CP) of the projectile 100 by selecting materials for the first and second cores 140 and 150 and adjusting the specific gravities or the shapes of the first and second cores 140 and 150 in accordance with the position of the center of pressure (CP).
  • the position of the center of pressure (CP) varies depending on the shape of the head portion 110 of the projectile 100 , the length 100 of the projectile 100 , or the like.
  • the position of the center of pressure (CP) can be calculated using various methods.
  • the position of the center of pressure (CP) can be calculated using the following Formula (2):
  • D indicates the diameter of the projectile
  • the position of the center of pressure (CP) can be calculated using the following Formula (3)
  • D indicates the diameter of the projectile
  • the center of gravity (CG) is preferably positioned within a range of 0.333 ⁇ D to 1 ⁇ 2 from the terminal end of the head portion, and for projectiles having an paraboloid head portion, the center of gravity (CG) is positioned within a range of 0.466 ⁇ D to 1 ⁇ 2 from the terminal end of the head portion.
  • FIG. 15A is a diagram illustrating an example of the second core 150 according to the present embodiment.
  • the second core 150 may include a plurality of grooves 152 corresponding to the groove 130 illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • the groove 152 is formed as a part of the groove 130 illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • the cross-sectional shape, the depth, the groove angle, the groove width, and the like described above may be decided under the assumption that the groove 130 and the groove 152 constitute one groove.
  • the groove 152 may have substantially the same axis angle as the groove 130 illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 15B is a diagram illustrating another example of the second core 150 according to the present embodiment.
  • the second core 150 according to the present embodiment may further include a plurality of recesses 154 which may be formed substantially in a straight line form.
  • the stopping power may be increased by a plurality of recesses 154 .
  • the first core 140 can be coupled with the second core 150 using various coupling techniques, and the present embodiment is not limited to a particular coupling technique.
  • the first core 140 includes a first coupling portion 140 a
  • the second core 150 includes a second coupling portion 150 a .
  • the first core 140 may be coupled with the second core 150 such that the first coupling portion 140 a of the first core 140 is inserted into the second coupling portion 150 a of the second core 150 .
  • the first coupling portion 140 a may include a male screw portion
  • the second coupling portion 150 a may include a female screw hole.
  • the center of gravity (CG) of the projectile 100 is preferably positioned between the middle point and the center of pressure (CP) of the projectile 100 by selecting materials for the first and second cores 140 and 150 and adjusting the specific gravities or the shapes of the first and second cores 140 and 150 in accordance with the position of the center of pressure (CP). Accordingly, the yaw angle decreases, and the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the projectile are significantly improved.
  • a ballistics test was conducted on the projectile 100 according to the present embodiment.
  • Federal American Eagle M855 (5.56 mm) (hereinafter referred to as “M855”) was used.
  • the length of the projectile was 23.3 mm
  • the weight was 4.01 g
  • an amount of propellant was 27.21 grains
  • the core was made of Cu and Pb
  • the length of the boat tail was 2.5 mm.
  • the length of the projectile 100 was 23.5 mm
  • the weight was 2.89 g
  • an amount of propellant was 27.00 grain
  • the first core was made of Cu
  • the second core was made of Pb
  • the length of the boat tail was 9.8 mm
  • the axis angle was +1°
  • ⁇ t was 8.42°
  • ⁇ g was 20.56
  • three grooves were formed.
  • the measurement was performed at a distance of 50 m, and the projectile of the present embodiment was five times higher in a degree of concentration than M855.
  • the yaw phenomenon was remarkably shown in M855, but the projectile 100 of the present embodiment penetrated with little yaw angle.
  • the weight of the projectile 100 of the present embodiment was much smaller than that of M855, the projectile 100 of the present embodiment showed almost the same level of destructive power as M855.
  • the effective range test a simulation was performed, and as a result of simulation, the effective range of the projectile 100 of the present embodiment was 800 m, whereas the effective range of M855 was 600 m.
  • the first embodiment it is possible to provide a lightweight projectile capable of implementing the long effective range, the high accuracy of hitting, and the strong destructive power of the projectile.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a projectile 200 according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment denote the same parts.
  • the projectile 200 of the present embodiment is a projectile with attributes advantageous for use underwater (hereinafter referred to as an “underwater projectile”). However, it will be understood that the projectile is not limited to underwater use.
  • the projectile 200 of the present embodiment includes a head portion 210 , a middle portion 220 , and a tail portion 230 .
  • the middle portion 120 of the first embodiment may be employed as the middle portion 220
  • the tail portion 130 of the first embodiment may be employed as the tail portion 230 .
  • the tail portion 230 may have a plurality of grooves 132 described above or may not include a plurality of grooves 132 described above.
  • the projectile 200 of the present embodiment may have the internal configuration of the first embodiment.
  • the projectile 200 of the present embodiment may have the internal configuration in which the center of gravity (CP) is positioned between the middle point of the projectile 200 and the center of pressure (CP).
  • CP center of gravity
  • the projectile 200 may employ the tail portion 130 and the internal configuration which have been described in the first embodiment as the tail portion 230 and the internal configuration thereof. Since the tail portion 130 and the internal configuration have been described above, description thereof is omitted.
  • the projectile 200 of the second embodiment differs from the projectile 100 of the first embodiment in the head portion 210 .
  • the head portion 210 includes one or more supercavitating parts.
  • the projectile 200 of the present embodiment will be described as including two or more supercavitating parts, but the number of supercavitating parts is not particularly limited. Even in the projectile 200 of the present embodiment including only one supercavitating part, the effective range of the projectile 200 is improved, and when the projectile 200 of the present embodiment includes two or more supercavitating part, the effective range of the projectile 200 is increased accordingly.
  • the head part 210 of the projectile 200 of the present embodiment includes a first supercavitating part 210 a , a second supercavitating part 210 b , and an curved part 210 c .
  • the head part 210 is preferably made of a material capable of penetrating the water while resisting the big impact without being deformed.
  • the head part 210 is preferably made of a tungsten carbide (WC)-based alloy.
  • the first supercavitating part 210 a performs a first supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the projectile 200 as illustrated in FIG. 18A .
  • the first supercavitating part 210 a includes a tip 210 a - 1 and a first inwardly recessed part 210 a - 2 .
  • the tip 210 a - 1 may have a substantially a semi-spherical shape.
  • the tip 210 a - 1 can have various shapes.
  • the top 210 a - 1 may have a pointed shape, a semi-elliptical shape, a semi-oval shape, or a polygonal shape.
  • the first inwardly recessed part 210 a - 2 has an inwardly rounded shape or a concave shape.
  • the pressure of water is suddenly lowered in the first inwardly recessed part 210 a - 2 , so that the supercavity is formed large enough to encompass the projectile 200 . Since the supercavitation effect is created, the effective range of the projectile 200 is increased remarkably.
  • a radius value Rt of the tip 210 a - 1 is 1 ⁇ 5 to 1 ⁇ 3 of a radius value Rr 1 of the first inwardly recessed part 210 a - 2 .
  • the radius value Rr 1 of the inwardly recessed part 210 a - 2 is 1/10 to 4/10 of the diameter L of the projectile 200 .
  • the second supercavitating part 210 b performs a second supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the remaining part of the projectile 200 when the velocity of the projectile 200 is reduced, and the water just comes into contact with the second supercavitating part 210 b as illustrated in FIG. 17B .
  • the second supercavitating part 210 b includes an upwardly oblique part 210 b - 1 and a second inwardly recessed part 210 b - 2 .
  • the upwardly oblique part 210 b - 1 has an angle ⁇ a 11 .
  • the second inwardly recessed part 210 b - 2 has an inwardly rounded shape or a concave shape.
  • the second inwardly recessed part 210 b - 2 has an angle ⁇ r 11 larger than the angle ⁇ a 11 .
  • the second inwardly recessed part 210 b - 2 may be replaced with an upwardly oblique part having the angle ⁇ r 11 larger than the angle ⁇ a 11 .
  • the angle ⁇ a 11 of the upwardly oblique part 210 b - 1 is 5° to 15°, and preferably, the angle ⁇ r 11 of the second inwardly recessed part 210 b - 2 is equal to the angle ⁇ a 11 .
  • a radius value Rr 2 of the second inwardly recessed part 210 b - 2 is equal to the radius value Rr 1 of the first inwardly recessed part 210 a - 2 .
  • the curved part 210 c may be similar to a corresponding part of a common projectile.
  • the projectile 200 of the present embodiment includes the first supercavitating part 210 a and the second supercavitating part 210 b , the supercavitation is performed twice, and the effective range of the projectile 200 is increased accordingly.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a projectile 300 according to a first modified example of the second embodiment.
  • the projectile 300 of the present modified example includes a first supercavitating part 310 a , a second supercavitating part 310 b , and an curved part 310 c.
  • the first supercavitating part 310 a performs a first supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the projectile 300 .
  • the first supercavitating part 310 a includes a tip 310 a - 1 , a first upwardly oblique part 310 a - 2 , and a first inwardly recessed part 310 a - 3 .
  • the tip 310 a - 1 is similar to the tip 210 a - 1 , the description of FIG. 17 can be applied to the tip 310 a - 1 , and thus description thereof is omitted.
  • the first upwardly oblique part 310 a - 2 has an angle ⁇ a 21 .
  • the first inwardly recessed part 310 a - 3 has an inwardly rounded shape or a concave shape.
  • the first inwardly recessed part 310 a - 3 has an angle ⁇ r 21 larger than the angle ⁇ a 21 .
  • the first inwardly recessed part 310 a - 3 may be replaced with an upwardly oblique part having the angle ⁇ r 21 larger than the angle ⁇ a 21 .
  • the second supercavitating part 310 b performs a second supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the remaining part of the projectile 300 when the velocity of the projectile 200 is reduced, and the water just comes into contact with the second supercavitating part 310 b.
  • the second supercavitating part 310 b includes a second upwardly oblique part 310 b - 1 , a third upwardly oblique part 310 b - 2 , and a fourth upwardly oblique part 310 b - 3 .
  • an angle ⁇ a 22 of the second upwardly oblique part 310 b - 1 , an angle ⁇ a 23 of the third upwardly oblique part 310 b - 2 , and an angle ⁇ a 24 of the fourth upwardly oblique part 310 b - 3 are different from one another and have a relation of ⁇ a 22 ⁇ a 23 ⁇ a 24 .
  • an angle ⁇ sc 11 formed by the first upwardly oblique part 310 a - 2 and the first inwardly recessed part 310 a - 3 is substantially equal to an angle ⁇ sc 12 formed by the third upwardly oblique part 310 b - 2 and the fourth upwardly oblique part 310 b - 3 .
  • the curved part 310 c may be similar to a corresponding part of a common projectile.
  • the projectile 300 of the present embodiment includes the first supercavitating part 310 a and the second supercavitating part 310 b , the supercavitation is performed twice, and the effective range of the projectile 300 is increased accordingly.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a projectile 400 according to a second modified example of the second embodiment.
  • the projectile 400 of the present modified example includes a first supercavitating part 410 a , a second supercavitating part 410 b , a third supercavitating part 410 c , and a curved part 410 d.
  • the first supercavitating part 410 a performs a first supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the projectile 400 .
  • the first supercavitating part 410 a includes a tip 410 a - 1 , a first upwardly oblique part 410 a - 2 , a second upwardly oblique part 410 a - 3 , and a third upwardly oblique part 410 a - 4 .
  • the tip 410 a - 1 is similar to the tip 410 a - 1 , the description of FIG. 17 can applied to the tip 410 a - 1 , and thus description thereof is omitted.
  • an angle ⁇ a 31 of the first upwardly oblique part 410 a - 1 , an angle ⁇ a 32 of the second upwardly oblique part 410 a - 2 , and an angle ⁇ a 33 of the third upwardly oblique part 410 a - 3 are different from one another and have a relation of ⁇ a 31 ⁇ a 32 ⁇ a 33 .
  • the second supercavitating part 410 b performs a second supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the remaining part of the projectile 400 when the velocity of the projectile 400 is reduced, and the water just comes into contact with the second supercavitating part 410 b.
  • the second supercavitating part 410 b includes a fourth upwardly oblique part 410 b - 1 and a first inwardly recessed part 410 b - 2 .
  • the fourth upwardly oblique part 410 b - 1 has an angle ⁇ a 34 .
  • the first inwardly recessed part 410 b - 2 has an inwardly rounded shape or a concave shape.
  • the first inwardly recessed part 410 b - 2 has an angle ⁇ r 31 larger than the angle ⁇ a 34 .
  • the first inwardly recessed part 410 b - 2 may be replaced with an upwardly oblique part having the angle ⁇ r 31 larger than the angle ⁇ a 34 .
  • the third supercavitating part 410 c forms a third supercavitation effect of creating a bubble of gas (a supercavity) underwater large enough to encompass the remaining part of the projectile 400 when the velocity of the projectile 400 is reduced, and the water just comes into contact with the second supercavitating part 410 c.
  • the third supercavitating part 410 c includes a fifth upwardly oblique part 410 c - 1 and a second inwardly recessed part 410 c - 2 .
  • the fifth upwardly oblique part 410 c - 1 has an angle ⁇ a 35 .
  • the second inwardly recessed part 410 c - 2 has an inwardly rounded shape or a concave shape.
  • the second inwardly recessed part 410 c - 2 has an angle ⁇ r 32 larger than the angle ⁇ a 35 .
  • the second inwardly recessed part 410 c - 2 may be replaced with an upwardly oblique part having the angle ⁇ r 32 larger than the angle ⁇ a 35 .
  • an angle ⁇ sc 21 formed by the first upwardly oblique part 410 a - 2 , the second upwardly oblique part 410 a - 3 , and the third upwardly oblique part 410 a - 4 , an angle ⁇ sc 22 formed by the fourth upwardly oblique part 410 b - 1 and the first inwardly recessed part 410 b - 2 , and an angle ⁇ sc 23 formed by the fifth upwardly oblique part 410 c - 1 and the second inwardly recessed part 410 c - 2 are substantially equal.
  • a radius value Rr 2 of the circle is substantially equal to the radius value Rr 1 of the first inwardly recessed part 210 a - 2 of FIG. 17 .
  • a radius value Rr 3 of the circle is preferably substantially equal to the radius value Rr 1 of the first inwardly recessed part 210 a - 2 of FIG. 16 .
  • the projectile 400 of the present embodiment since the projectile 400 of the present embodiment includes the first supercavitating part 410 a , the second supercavitating part 410 b , and the third supercavitating part 410 c , the supercavitation is performed three times, and the effective range of the projectile 400 is increased accordingly.
  • the underwater projectile moving underwater, when a certain length or more comes into contact with the water, the underwater projectile is unable to move forward any more.
  • the supercavity formed by the supercavitation to encompass the projectile depends on the diameter of the projectile.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram with exemplary dimensions of the head portion of the underwater projectile according to the present embodiment.
  • the underwater projectile according to the present embodiment can have at least one supercavitating part, and the number of supercavitating parts is not particularly limited.
  • the supercavitating parts are formed within a range of L/3 or less in a longitudinal direction and a range of D ⁇ 0.85 or less in a diameter direction (here, D is the diameter of the projectile).
  • a height Q added when the second supercavitating part is added is at least 1 ⁇ 4 of Dsc 1 (Here, Dsc 1 indicates a diameter of the first supercavitating part), and a height added when the third supercavitating part is added is at least 1 ⁇ 4 of Dsc 2 (Here, Dsc 2 indicates a diameter of the second supercavitating part).
  • the diameter Dsc 2 of the second supercavitating part is at least 1.25 ⁇ Dsc 1
  • the diameter Dsc 3 of the third supercavitating part is at least 1.25 ⁇ Dsc 2 .
  • the diameter of the supercavitating part may be increased by about 25%.
  • the diameter Dsc 1 of the first supercavitating part can be obtained using the radius value Rr 1 of the first inwardly recessed part 210 a - 2 .
  • the supercavitating parts can be formed using a combination of an upwardly oblique part and an inwardly recessed part having different angles.
  • the number of supercavitating parts is not limited and preferably they are formed within the range of L/3 or less in the longitudinal direction and the range of D ⁇ 0.85 or less in the diameter direction.
  • the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the underwater projectile are significantly improved.
  • the projectile according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure can work in air as well as underwater and thus work from air to water and from water to air.
  • the present disclosure can be applied to projectiles having an explosive installed therein such as may be used in artillery weapons such as cannons, howitzers, mortars, large guns, and the like installed in tanks, fighters, battleships, or submarines (hereinafter referred to as an “artillery projectile”).
  • artillery weapons such as cannons, howitzers, mortars, large guns, and the like installed in tanks, fighters, battleships, or submarines
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of an artillery projectile 500 according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the projectile 500 according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure differs from the projectiles of the first and second embodiments in that an explosive is installed.
  • the projectile 500 of the third embodiment may include the tail portion 130 including a plurality of grooves 132 described above and/or the internal configuration in which the center of gravity (CG) is positioned between the middle point and the center of pressure (CP) of the projectile 100 .
  • the projectile 500 of the third embodiment may include the head portion having the supercavitating part described in the second embodiment.
  • reference numeral 510 indicates a fuse
  • 520 indicates a front jacket including a core
  • 530 indicates an inner filler
  • 540 indicates a rear jacket
  • 550 indicates a TNT filler serving as an explosive.
  • the artillery projectile 500 illustrated in FIG. 22 is merely an example, and the present disclosure can be applied to artillery projectiles having different types of explosion structures or explosives.
  • the effective range, the accuracy of hitting, and the destructive power of the artillery projectile are significantly improved.
  • the lightweight projectile capable of implementing the long effective range, the high accuracy of hitting, and the strong destructive power of the projectile.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)
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US15/796,306 2016-10-28 2017-10-27 Projectile Abandoned US20180120069A1 (en)

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KR1020160141881A KR101713529B1 (ko) 2016-10-28 2016-10-28 탄환면 유체유입로를 구비한 탄환 및 그 제조방법
KR10-2016-0141881 2016-10-28
KR1020160145967A KR101702955B1 (ko) 2016-11-03 2016-11-03 유효 사거리가 향상된 탄두
KR10-2016-0145967 2016-11-03
KR10-2017-0049955 2017-04-18
KR1020170049955A KR101754061B1 (ko) 2017-04-18 2017-04-18 무게중심이 헤드부에 있는 비행안정 탄두 및 그 제조 방법

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10119780B1 (en) * 2018-01-12 2018-11-06 David Wayne Bergeron Light gas gun projectile
US10386164B2 (en) * 2014-08-26 2019-08-20 Dsg Technology As Projectile of small arms ammunition
US20200094319A1 (en) * 2018-09-26 2020-03-26 Environ-Metal, Inc. Die assemblies for forming a firearm projectile, methods of utilizing the die assemblies, and firearm projectiles
CN112380784A (zh) * 2020-09-29 2021-02-19 西北工业大学 一种无尾翼的超空泡射弹及其设计方法
US11156441B2 (en) * 2019-06-14 2021-10-26 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Projectile, method of manufacturing a projectile and ammunition
US20240060741A1 (en) * 2015-10-18 2024-02-22 William D. Reilly Sub-mass projectile for a firearm
WO2024047034A1 (fr) * 2022-08-29 2024-03-07 Rws Gmbh Projectile exerçant une contrainte réduite sur le canon

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6085661A (en) * 1997-10-06 2000-07-11 Olin Corporation Small caliber non-toxic penetrator projectile
KR101021055B1 (ko) * 2010-08-30 2011-03-14 김준규 공기안내홈이 형성된 탄환
US8857343B2 (en) * 2012-05-29 2014-10-14 Liberty Ammunition, Llc High volume multiple component projectile assembly
KR101568319B1 (ko) * 2015-03-13 2015-11-12 주식회사 두레텍 조립형 탄두
KR101660887B1 (ko) * 2016-02-25 2016-09-28 주식회사 두레텍 명중률이 개선된 다목적 탄두

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10386164B2 (en) * 2014-08-26 2019-08-20 Dsg Technology As Projectile of small arms ammunition
US20240060741A1 (en) * 2015-10-18 2024-02-22 William D. Reilly Sub-mass projectile for a firearm
US10119780B1 (en) * 2018-01-12 2018-11-06 David Wayne Bergeron Light gas gun projectile
US20200094319A1 (en) * 2018-09-26 2020-03-26 Environ-Metal, Inc. Die assemblies for forming a firearm projectile, methods of utilizing the die assemblies, and firearm projectiles
US10900759B2 (en) * 2018-09-26 2021-01-26 Environ-Metal, Inc. Die assemblies for forming a firearm projectile, methods of utilizing the die assemblies, and firearm projectiles
US11156441B2 (en) * 2019-06-14 2021-10-26 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Projectile, method of manufacturing a projectile and ammunition
CN112380784A (zh) * 2020-09-29 2021-02-19 西北工业大学 一种无尾翼的超空泡射弹及其设计方法
WO2024047034A1 (fr) * 2022-08-29 2024-03-07 Rws Gmbh Projectile exerçant une contrainte réduite sur le canon

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