US20180030368A1 - Composition of continuously variable transmission oil for improving fuel efficiency and endurance performance - Google Patents

Composition of continuously variable transmission oil for improving fuel efficiency and endurance performance Download PDF

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Publication number
US20180030368A1
US20180030368A1 US15/370,058 US201615370058A US2018030368A1 US 20180030368 A1 US20180030368 A1 US 20180030368A1 US 201615370058 A US201615370058 A US 201615370058A US 2018030368 A1 US2018030368 A1 US 2018030368A1
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continuously variable
variable transmission
composition
transmission oil
viscosity
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US15/370,058
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Jung Joon Oh
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Hyundai Motor Co
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Hyundai Motor Co
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M149/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
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    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
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    • C10M119/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M119/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
    • C10M2203/0206—Well-defined aliphatic compounds used as base material
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    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
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    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
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    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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    • C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/045—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for continuous variable transmission [CVT]
    • C10N2230/02—
    • C10N2230/06—
    • C10N2240/045—

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a composition of continuously variable transmission oil for improving fuel efficiency and endurance performance.
  • a low-viscosity engine oil composition containing comb polymethacrylate (comb PMA) as a viscosity adjusting agent and polyalphaolefin (PAO) in base oil was used.
  • the low-viscosity engine oil composition provides an improvement of fuel efficiency of the engine by lowering low-temperature viscosity.
  • the fuel efficiency improvement is negligible when being applied to a continuously variable transmission.
  • oil for continuously variable transmission it is important to provide oil capable of improving fuel efficiency through reduction of fluid resistance by lowering the low-temperature viscosity and enhancing endurance performance of the transmission by increasing high-temperature viscosity.
  • the present invention has been made in an effort to solve the above-described problems associated with prior art.
  • an oil composition including a predetermined amount of olefin amide comb PMA as a viscosity adjusting agent in base oil having a pour point of ⁇ 40° C. or less can be used as continuously variable transmission oil.
  • the oil composition provides an improvement of fuel efficiency through reduction of fluid resistance by decreasing viscosity at a low temperature and an enhancement of endurance performance of the transmission by increasing the viscosity at a high temperature, and then completed the present invention.
  • the present invention has been made in an effort to provide a novel composition of continuously variable transmission oil that can improve fuel efficiency by decreasing viscosity at a low temperature and enhance endurance performance by increasing viscosity at a high temperature.
  • the present invention provides a composition of continuously variable transmission oil including about 75 wt % to about 85 wt % of base oil having a pour point of about ⁇ 40° C. or less; about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of olefin amide comb PMA as a viscosity adjusting agent; about 8 wt % to 15 wt % of an anti-wear additive; and about 2 wt % to about 5 wt % of a friction modifier.
  • composition of continuously variable transmission oil according to the present invention can improve fuel efficiency by decreasing viscosity at a low temperature and enhance endurance performance by increasing viscosity at a high temperature.
  • vehicle or “vehicular” or other similar term as used herein is inclusive of motor vehicles in general such as passenger automobiles including sports utility vehicles (SUV), buses, trucks, various commercial vehicles, watercraft including a variety of boats and ships, aircraft, and the like, and includes hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, hydrogen-powered vehicles and other alternative fuel vehicles (e.g. fuels derived from resources other than petroleum).
  • a hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that has two or more sources of power, for example both gasoline-powered and electric-powered vehicles.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates chain structures of comb polymethacrylate (comb PMA) and asteric polymethacrylate (asteric PMA) as viscosity adjusting agents in the related art
  • FIG. 1B illustrates a chain structure of olefin amide comb PMA used in the present invention.
  • a composition of continuously variable transmission oil of the present invention comprises base oil having a pour point of about ⁇ 40° C. or less (e.g., about ⁇ 40° C., about ⁇ 45° C., about ⁇ 50° C., about ⁇ 55° C., about ⁇ 60° C., about ⁇ 65° C., about ⁇ 66° C., or less), olefin amide comb PMA as a viscosity adjusting agent, and an anti-wear additive.
  • the viscosity adjusting agent as a viscosity adjusting agent as a viscosity adjusting agent (OACP, hereinafter, referred to as olefin amide comb PMA) having a polar chain introduced with an amide group improves a viscosity index (VI) characteristic for the temperature of the composition of continuously variable transmission oil by maximizing low-temperature shrinkage and high-temperature expansion for a temperature due to introduction of a polar group.
  • comb PMA comb polymethacrylate
  • asteric PMA asteric polymethacrylate
  • a polar value varies by introducing a side chain in which an amide group is introduced in a main chain of comb PMA to maximize low-temperature shrinkage and high-temperature expansion for the temperature ( FIG. 1B ).
  • the composition of continuously variable transmission oil comprises about 75 wt % to 85 wt % (e.g., about 75 wt %, 76 wt %, 77 wt %, 78 wt %, 79 wt %, 80 wt %, 81 wt %, 82 wt %, 83 wt %, 84 wt %, or about 85 wt %) of base oil having a pour point of ⁇ 40° C.
  • the base oil used in the present invention means a lubricant which has a pour of ⁇ 40° C. or less and is used for lubrication of a gear and has functions of preventing between gear surfaces and preventing the gear surfaces from being melted and attached by reducing friction and wear.
  • the pour point of the base oil is greater than ⁇ 0° C., there a limitation of worsening low-temperature fluidity due to precipitation of a wax and thus the base oil is used within the range.
  • the base oil having the lowest pour point among the exiting base oils is polyalphaolefin (PAO) of ⁇ 69° C., and in the present as the base oil having the pour point of ⁇ 40° C.
  • PAO polyalphaolefin
  • At least one selected from the group consisting of polyalphaolefin (PAO) and base oil including a hydrocarbon compound may be used.
  • PAO polyalphaolefin
  • the base oil including the paraffin-based hydrocarbon compound is the group which belongs to group III classified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) and may representatively use products of Yubase 3, Yubase L3, and Ultra S3.
  • the base oil may be used with about 75 wt % to 85 wt % (e.g., about 75 wt %, 76 wt %, 77 wt %, 78 wt %, 79 wt %, 80 wt %, 81 wt %, 82 wt %, 83 wt %, 84 wt %, or about 85 wt %).
  • other viscosity adjusting agents and additives are added with a large amount and thus, there is a limitation of worsening endurance performance such as a reduction of a friction coefficient.
  • greater than 85 wt % used amounts of other viscosity adjusting agents and additives are limited and thus there is a limitation of worsening fuel efficiency and endurance performance.
  • the base oil may be used within the range.
  • the viscosity adjusting agent used in the present invention may be used with about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % (e.g., about 5 wt %, 6 wt %, 7 wt %, 8 wt %, 9 wt %, 10 wt %, 11 wt %, 12 wt %, 13 wt %, 14 wt %, or about 15 wt %) with respect to the entire weight of the continuously variable transmission oil as olefin amide comb polymethacrylate (OACP).
  • OACP olefin amide comb polymethacrylate
  • OACP When the OACP is less than 5 wt %, a viscosity reduction effect is low and a fuel efficiency improvement effect is slight, and when the OACP is greater than 15 wt %, low-temperature viscosity at ⁇ 40° C. is increased to have a bad effect on low-temperature operability and thus it is preferred that the OACP is used within the range.
  • OACP used in the present invention has a structure of the following Chemical Formula 1.
  • Chemical Formula 1 includes a lactam structure, and R 1 is a straight or branched chain alkyl group of C 1 to C 20 , R 2 is olefin oligomer and has a straight or branched chain alkenyl group of C 2 to C 40 , a ratio of X to Y is 1:2 to 1:3, and a weight-average molecular weight is about 100,000 to about 150,000.
  • the OACP of the present invention may be included with about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % (e.g., about 5 wt %, 6 wt %, 7 wt %, 8 wt %, 9 wt %, 10 wt %, 11 wt %, 12 wt %, 13 wt %, 14 wt %, or about 15 wt %) with respect to the entire weight.
  • the OACP is less than 5 wt %, there is a limitation in viscosity reduction and thus there is no fuel efficiency improvement effect
  • the OACP is greater than 15 wt %, the low-temperature viscosity at ⁇ 40° C. is rapidly increased and thus there is a limitation in low-temperature operability.
  • the OACP is used within the range.
  • comb PMA having a structure of the following Chemical Formula 2 is used as a viscosity adjusting agent and a polar side chain is not introduced as illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • R 1 is a straight or branched chain alkyl group of C 1 to C 20
  • R 2 is olefin oligomer and has a straight or branched chain alkenyl group of C 2 to C 40
  • a ratio of X to Y is 1:2 to 1:3
  • a weight-average molecular weight is about 400,000 to about 500,000.
  • asteric PMA has a structure of the following Chemical Formula 3 and a weight-average molecular weight of about 200,000 to about 300,000.
  • R 1 is a straight or branched chain alkyl group of C 1 to C 20 .
  • the anti-wear additive used in the present invention serves to maintain endurance performance by dispersing foreign substances in the oil and prevent deterioration of endurance performance caused by wear between gears and may be used with about 8 wt % to about 15 wt % (e.g., about 8 wt %, 9 wt %, 10 wt %, 11 wt %, 12 wt %, 13 wt %, 14 wt %, or about 15 wt %) with respect to the entire oil weight.
  • the additive When the additive is less than 8 wt %, there is a limitation in maintaining the endurance performance, and when the additive is greater than 15 wt %, the endurance performance may be decreased due to deterioration of a friction coefficient caused by adding a large amount of additive and thus it is preferred that the additive is used within the range.
  • the anti-wear additive of the present invention it is preferred that at least one selected from the group consisting of dibutyl hydrogen phosphite, amine phosphite, and isobutynyl succinic ester is used. More preferably, dibutyl hydrogen phosphite is used. In the case of using dibutyl hydrogen phosphite-based additive, there is an advantage in maintaining a belt pulley friction coefficient of the continuously variable transmission.
  • the present invention may further include about 2 wt % to 5 wt % (e.g., about 2 wt %, 3 wt %, 4 wt %, or about 5 wt %) of a friction modifier with respect to the entire continuously variable transmission oil weight.
  • a friction modifier When the friction modifier is less than 2 wt %, a kinetic/static friction coefficient of transmission is decreased and thus anti-wear deteriorates, and when the friction modifier is greater than 5 wt %, friction between metals is increased and thus there is a limitation in endurance performance.
  • the friction modifier of the present invention may use at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfurized fatty ester, alkenyl phosphite, and polyol ester.
  • an antioxidant As general additives of the present invention, an antioxidant, an anti-foam agent, and the like may be further included.
  • the antioxidant is used for preventing oxidation of engine oil.
  • the antioxidant may use amine-based antioxidants such as 3-hydroxydiphenyl amine and phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine and may be included in a range of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % (e.g., about 0.05 wt %, 0.1 wt %, 0.2 wt %, 0.3 wt %, 0.4 wt %, 0.5 wt %, 0.6 wt %, 0.7 wt %, 0.8 wt %, 0.9 wt %, 1 wt %, 1.5 wt %, 2 wt %, 2.5 wt %, or about 3 wt %) in composition of the present invention.
  • anti-oxidation performance may be used for preventing
  • the anti-foam agent at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon and polymethacrylate is included.
  • the anti-foam agent may be included in a range of from about 0.0005 wt % to about 2 wt % (e.g., about 0.0005 wt %, 0.001 wt %, 0.005 wt %, 0.01 wt %, 0.05 wt %, 0.1 wt %, 0.2 wt %, 0.3 wt %, 0.4 wt %, 0.5 wt %, 0.6 wt %, 0.7 wt %, 0.8 wt %, 0.9 wt %, 1 wt %, 1.1 wt %, 1.2 wt %, 1.3 wt %, 1.4 wt %, 1.5 wt %, 1.6 wt %, 1.7 wt %, 1.8 wt %,
  • olefin amide comb PMA as a polar group in the base oil having a pour point of ⁇ 40° C. or less is used as the viscosity adjusting agent to improve flexibility and expansion of a polar chain and a non-polar chain, thereby maximizing low-temperature shrinkage and high-temperature expansion and enhancing fuel efficiency and endurance performance of the continuously variable transmission.
  • Base oil Yubase L3 having pour point of ⁇ 40° C. (Group III, product manufactured by SK Corporation)
  • Viscosity adjusting agent ⁇ circle around (1) ⁇ Olefin Amide Comb PMA: A ratio of X to Y is 1:2, an amide monomer is included with 10 to 50 wt %, and a weight-average molecular weight is 150,000, ⁇ circle around (2) ⁇ Comb PMA: Product manufactured by Rohmax Corporation, ⁇ circle around (3) ⁇ Asteric PMA: Product manufactured by Lubrizol Corporation
  • Friction modifier Sulfurized fatty ester (product manufactured by Lubrizol Corporation)
  • Base oil ⁇ circle around (1) ⁇ Yubase L3 having pour point of ⁇ 40° C. (Group III, product manufactured by SK Corporation), ⁇ circle around (2) ⁇ PAO4 having pour point of ⁇ 69° C. (product manufactured by Chevron Philips Corporation), ⁇ circle around (3) ⁇ Kixx4 having pour point of ⁇ 30° C. (Group III, product manufactured by GS Caltex Corporation)
  • Viscosity adjusting agent Olefin Amide Comb PMA: A ratio of X to Y is 1:2, an amide monomer is included with 10 to 50 wt %, and a weight-average molecular weight is 150,000.
  • Anti-wear additives Dibutyl hydrogen phosphite (product manufactured by Lubrizol Corporation)
  • Friction modifier Sulfurized fatty ester (product manufactured by Lubrizol Corporation)
  • Fuel efficiency improvement ratio (automotive fuel coefficient, %): evaluated by FTP75 (authentication mode).
  • Example 6 using polyalphaolefin (PAO) having a pour point of ⁇ 69° C. as a base oil, it can be seen that the fuel efficiency improvement ratio is improved to 0.6%.
  • the viscosity adjusting agent used in the present invention is less crystallized in the PAO which is a wax component at a low temperature to prevent an increase in viscosity.
  • composition of continuously variable transmission oil in the present invention can be provided as continuously variable transmission oil with improved fuel efficiency by decreasing low-temperature viscosity and enhanced endurance performance by increasing high-temperature viscosity by using olefin amide comb PMA which is a new viscosity adjusting agent in base oil having a pour point of ⁇ 40° C. or less.

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US15/370,058 2016-08-01 2016-12-06 Composition of continuously variable transmission oil for improving fuel efficiency and endurance performance Abandoned US20180030368A1 (en)

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JP4571776B2 (ja) * 2002-11-05 2010-10-27 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 潤滑油組成物
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