CN107674733A - 用于提高燃料效率和耐久性能的无级变速器油的组合物 - Google Patents

用于提高燃料效率和耐久性能的无级变速器油的组合物 Download PDF

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CN107674733A
CN107674733A CN201611143729.XA CN201611143729A CN107674733A CN 107674733 A CN107674733 A CN 107674733A CN 201611143729 A CN201611143729 A CN 201611143729A CN 107674733 A CN107674733 A CN 107674733A
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weight
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oil
buncher
viscosity
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吴廷濬
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Hyundai Motor Co
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于提高燃料效率和耐久性能的无级变速器油的组合物。本发明提供一种无级变速器油的组合物，其除了添加剂以外，还在倾点为‑40℃或更低的基础油中含有规定量的作为粘度调节剂的烯酰胺梳状PMA。本发明提供的新型无级变速器油的组合物，其可以通过降低在低温下的粘度而降低流体阻力来提高燃料效率，并且通过提高在高温下的粘度来提高变速器的耐久性能。

Description

用于提高燃料效率和耐久性能的无级变速器油的组合物
技术领域
本公开涉及一种用于提高燃料效率和耐久性能的无级变速器油的组合物。
背景技术
近年来，为了能量的有效利用和防止地球变暖，对来自汽车的废气(如二氧化碳的)的规定已经收紧。为了响应环境法规，已经积极地进行了用于提高燃料效率(能够减少发动机的能量损失)的发动机油和变速器油的开发。特别地，当发动机油或变速器油的粘度降低时，可以最小化当传递动力时由于流体阻力而损失的能量。另一方面，当粘度降低时，油膜的厚度减小，并且金属之间的摩擦增加，因此在耐久性能方面存在缺点。
在相关技术中，使用在基础油中含有作为粘度调节剂的梳状聚甲基丙烯酸酯(梳状PMA)和α-烯烃(PAO)的低粘度发动机油组合物。低粘度发动机油组合物通过降低低温粘度来提高发动机的燃料效率。然而，当应用于无级变速器时，燃料效率提高是可忽略的。
对于无级变速器的油，重要的是提供能够经由降低低温粘度而通过降低流体阻力来提高燃料效率、并经由提高高温粘度来提高变速器的耐久性能的油。
公开于背景技术部分的上述信息仅仅旨在加深对本发明背景技术的理解，因此其可以包含的信息并不构成在本国已为本领域技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明致力于解决与现有技术相关的上述问题。
结果，本发明的发明人发现，在倾点为-40℃或更低的基础油中包含预定量的烯酰胺梳状PMA作为粘度调节剂的油组合物可以用作无级变速器油。油组合物通过降低在低温下的粘度而降低流体阻力来提高燃料效率，并且通过提高在高温下的粘度来提高变速器的耐久性能，从而完成了本发明。
因此，本发明致力于提供一种新颖的无级变速器油的组合物，其可以通过降低在低温下的粘度来提高燃料效率，并通过提高在高温下的粘度来提高耐久性能。
在一个方面，本发明提供一种无级变速器油的组合物，其包含：约75重量％至约85重量％的倾点为约-40℃或更低的基础油；约5重量％至约15重量％的作为粘度调节剂的烯酰胺梳状PMA；约8重量％至15重量％的抗磨添加剂；和约2重量％至约5重量％的摩擦改进剂。
根据本发明的无级变速器油的组合物可以通过降低在低温下的粘度来提高燃料效率，并通过提高在高温下的粘度来提高耐久性能。
下面讨论本发明的其它方面和优选的实施方案。
应当理解，本文所使用的术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或其它类似术语一般包括机动车辆，例如包括运动型多用途车辆(SUV)、大客车、卡车、各种商用车辆的乘用汽车，包括各种舟艇、船舶的船只，航空器等等，并且包括混合动力车辆、电动车辆、可插式混合动力电动车辆、氢动力车辆以及其它替代性燃料车辆(例如源于非石油的能源的燃料)。正如此处所提到的，混合动力车辆是具有两种或更多动力源的车辆，例如汽油动力和电力动力两者的车辆。
下面讨论本发明的上述特征及其它特征。
附图说明
接下来将参照由所附附图显示的本发明的某些示例性实施方案来详细地描述本发明的以上及其它特征，这些附图在下文中仅以显示的方式给出，因而对本发明是非限定性的，在这些附图中：
图1A示出了作为现有技术中的粘度调节剂的梳状聚甲基丙烯酸酯(梳状PMA)和星形聚甲基丙烯酸酯(星形PMA)的链结构，图1B示出了用于本发明中的烯酰胺梳状PMA的链结构。
应当了解，附图不必按比例，显示了说明本发明的基本原理的各种优选特征的略微简化的画法。本文所公开的本发明的具体设计特征(包括例如具体尺寸、方向、位置和形状)将部分地由具体所要应用和使用的环境来确定。
在这些图中，贯穿附图的多幅图，附图标记涉及本发明的相同或等同的部分。
具体实施方式
接下来将详细提及本发明的各个实施方案，实施方案的示例被显示在所附附图中并被描述如下。虽然将结合示例性实施方案描述本发明，但是应当了解，本说明书并非要将本发明限制于那些示例性实施方案。相反，本发明旨在不但覆盖这些示例性实施方案，而且覆盖可以被包括在由所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围之内的各种替换、修改、等效方式和其它实施方案。
本发明的连续可变变速器油的组合物包含倾点为约-40℃或更低(例如，约-40℃，约-45℃，约-50℃，约-55℃，约-60℃，约-65℃，约-66℃或更低)的基础油，作为粘度调节剂的烯酰胺梳状PMA和抗磨添加剂。粘度调节剂为具有引入了酰胺基的极性链的粘度调节剂(OACP，以下称为烯酰胺梳状PMA)，其通过经由引入极性基团而对某温度最大化低温收缩和高温膨胀，改善了无级变速器油的组合物对温度的粘度指数(VI)特性。
在相关技术中，使用梳状聚甲基丙烯酸酯(梳状PMA)和星形聚甲基丙烯酸酯(星形PMA)作为粘度调节剂(图1A)。在本发明中，通过在梳状PMA的主链中引入侧链(其中酰胺基被引入该侧链中)，极性值变化，以对某温度最大化低温收缩和高温膨胀(图1B)。
详细地，根据本发明的无级变速器油的组合物包含约75重量％至85重量％(例如，约75重量％，76重量％，77重量％，78重量％，79重量％，80重量％，81重量％，82重量％，83重量％，84重量％或约85重量％)的基础油，其倾点为-40℃或更低(例如约-40℃，约-45℃，约-50℃，约-55℃，约-60℃，约-65℃，约-66℃或更低)；约5重量％至15重量％(例如约5重量％，6重量％，7重量％，8重量％，9重量％，10重量％，11重量％，12重量％，13重量％％，14重量％或约15重量％)的作为粘度调节剂的烯酰胺梳状PMA；约8重量％至约15重量％(例如约8重量％，9重量％，10重量％，11重量％，12重量％，13重量％，14重量％或约15重量％的抗磨添加剂；和约2重量％至约5重量％(例如约2重量％，3重量％，4重量％或约5重量％)的摩擦改进剂。
下面将更详细地描述构成根据本发明的无级变速器油的组合物的各个组分。
本发明中使用的基础油是指具有-40℃或更低的倾点并用于齿轮的润滑的润滑剂，并且具有防止齿轮表面之间接触并通过减少摩擦和磨损防止齿轮表面熔化和附着的作用。当基础油的倾点大于-0℃时，由于蜡组分的沉淀而存在使低温流动性恶化的限制，因此在该范围内使用基础油。在出口的基础油中具有最低倾点的基础油是-69℃的聚α-烯烃(PAO)，在本发明中，作为倾点为-40℃或更低(例如，约-40℃，约-45℃，约-50℃，约-55℃，约-60℃，约-65℃，约-66℃或更低)的基础油,可以使用选自聚α-烯烃(PAO)和包括石蜡基烃化合物的基础油的至少一者。包括石蜡基烃化合物的基础油是属于美国石油协会(API)分类的III组的组，并且可以代表性地使用Yubase 3、Yubase L3和Ultra S3的产品。
在这种情况下，基础油可以以约75重量％至85重量％(例如，约75重量％，76重量％，77重量％，78重量％，79重量％，80重量％81重量％，82重量％，83重量％，84重量％或约85重量％)的量使用。在小于75重量％的情况下，大量添加其它粘度调节剂和添加剂，因此存在使耐久性能恶化(例如摩擦系数降低)的限制。在大于85重量％的情况下，其它粘度调节剂和添加剂的用量受到限制，因此存在燃料效率和耐久性能恶化的限制。因此，可以在该范围内使用基础油。
相对于无级变速器油的总重量，作为烯酰胺梳状聚甲基丙烯酸酯(OACP)，本发明中使用的粘度调节剂可以以约5重量％至约15重量％(例如约5重量％，6重量％，7重量％，8重量％，9重量％，10重量％，11重量％，12重量％，13重量％，14重量％或约15重量％)的量使用。当OACP小于5重量％时，粘度降低的效果小，燃料效率提高的效果轻微，当OACP大于15重量％时，-40℃下的低温粘度增大，具有对低温可操作性的不良影响，因此优选在该范围内使用OACP。
详细地，本发明中使用的OACP具有以下化学式1的结构。
[化学式1]
化学式1包括内酰胺结构，并且R1为C1至C20的直链或支链烷基，R2为烯烃低聚物并且具有C2至C40的直链或支链链烯基，X/Y的比率为1:2至1:3，重均分子量为约100,000至约150,000。
相对于总重量，可以以约5重量％至约15重量％(例如约5重量％，6重量％，7重量％，8重量％，9重量％，10重量％，11重量％，12重量％，13重量％，14重量％或约15重量％)的量包括本发明的OACP。当OACP小于5重量％时，粘度降低上存在限制，因此没有燃料效率提高的效果，当OACP大于15重量％时，-40℃下的低温粘度快速增大，因此在低温可操作性方面存在限制。因此，优选在该范围内使用OACP。
同时，在现有技术中，具有以下化学式2的结构的梳状PMA用作粘度调节剂，并且不引入极性侧链，如图1所示。
[化学式2]
在化学式2中，R1为C1至C20的直链或支链烷基，R2为烯烃低聚物并且具有C2至C40的直链或支链链烯基，X/Y的比率为1:2至1:3，重均分子量为约400,000至约500,000。
作为相关技术中的另一种粘度调节剂，星形PMA具有以下化学式3的结构，并且重均分子量为约200,000至约300,000。在这种情况下，R1为C1至C20的直链或支链烷基。
[化学式3]
在本发明中，在梳状PMA的主链中引入侧链(其中酰胺基被引入该侧链中)，极性值变化，以对某温度最大化低温收缩和高温膨胀，由此通过降低无级变速器油的低温粘度来提高燃料效率，并通过提高高温粘度来提高耐久性能。
本发明中使用的抗磨添加剂用于通过将异物分散在油中来保持耐久性能，并防止由齿轮之间的磨损引起的耐久性能的变差，并且可以相对于全部油的重量以约8重量％至约15重量％(例如，约8重量％，9重量％，10重量％，11重量％，12重量％，13重量％，14重量％或约15重量％)的量使用。当添加剂小于8重量％时，在保持耐久性能方面存在限制，当添加剂大于15重量％时，耐久性能可能由于添加大量添加剂引起的摩擦系数的变差而降低，因此优选在该范围内使用添加剂。
作为本发明的抗磨添加剂，优选使用选自亚磷酸氢二丁酯，亚磷酸胺，和异丁炔基琥珀酸酯中的至少一种。更优选使用亚磷酸氢二丁酯。在使用亚磷酸氢二丁酯类添加剂的情况下，具有维持无级变速器的带轮摩擦系数的优点。
本发明可以进一步包括相对于无级变速器油的总重量为约2重量％至5重量％(例如，约2重量％，3重量％，4重量％或约5重量％)的摩擦改进剂。当摩擦改进剂小于2重量％时，传动的动摩擦/静摩擦系数降低，因此抗磨变差，当摩擦改进剂大于5重量％时，金属之间的摩擦增加，因此存在耐久性能的限制。因此，优选在该范围内使用摩擦改进剂。本发明的摩擦改进剂可以使用选自硫化的脂肪酯、亚磷酸链烯基酯和多元醇酯中的至少一种。
作为本发明的一般添加剂，可以进一步包括抗氧化剂、消泡剂等。抗氧化剂用于防止发动机油的氧化。抗氧化剂可以使用基于胺的抗氧化剂，例如3-羟基二苯胺和苯基-α-萘胺，并且可以以约0.05重量％至约3重量％(例如，约0.05重量％，0.1重量％，0.2重量％，0.3重量％，0.4重量％，0.5重量％，0.6重量％，0.7重量％，0.8重量％，0.9重量％，1重量％，1.5重量％，2重量％，2.5重量％或约3重量％)的范围包括在本发明的组合物中。当其含量小于0.05重量％时，抗氧化性能可能降低，并且当含量大于3重量％时，可能发生副作用，例如竞争性吸附和金属腐蚀。
作为消泡剂，包括选自硅和聚甲基丙烯酸酯中的至少一种。消泡剂可以以约0.0005重量％至约2重量％(例如，约0.0005重量％，0.001重量％，0.005重量％，0.01重量％，0.05重量％，0.1重量％，0.2重量％，0.3重量％，0.4重量％，0.5重量％，0.6重量％，0.7重量％，0.8重量％，0.9重量％，1重量％，1.1重量％，1.2重量％，1.3重量％，1.4重量％，1.5重量％，1.6重量％，1.7重量％，1.8重量％，1.9重量％或2重量％)的范围包括在本发明的组合物中。当其含量小于0.0005重量％时，存在不能有效地抑制润滑剂中气泡的发生的问题，而当含量大于2重量％时，存在消泡性能相反降低或消泡剂在润滑剂中沉淀的问题。
因此，在根据本发明的无级变速器油中，在具有-40℃或更低倾点的基础油中烯酰胺梳状PMA作为极性基团，用作粘度调节剂以改善极性链和非极性链的柔性和膨胀，从而使低温收缩和高温膨胀最大化，并且提高无级变速器的燃料效率和耐久性能。
如上所述，将基于以下实施例更详细地描述本发明，且本发明不限于此。
实施例
以下实例示例了本发明，并且并非旨在限制本发明。
实施例1至5和比较例1至7：无级变速器油的组合物的制备
将下表1中所列的组分放入反应器中并在40℃的温度和1,000rpm的搅拌器速度的条件下混合，以制备无级变速器油的组合物。
[构成无级变速器油的组合物的各个组分]
基础油：倾点为-40℃的Yubase L3(III组，SK Corporation制造的产品)
粘度调节剂：①烯酰胺梳状PMA：X/Y的比率为1:2，包括10至50重量％的酰胺单体，重均分子量为150,000；②梳状PMA：由Rohmax Corporation制造的产品；③星形PMA：由Lubrizol Corporation制造的产品
清洁分散和抗磨添加剂：亚磷酸氢二丁酯(由Lubrizol Corporation制造的产品)
摩擦改进剂：硫化的脂肪酯(由Lubrizol Corporation制造的产品)
[表1]
实施例6至7和比较例8至14：无级变速器油的组合物的制备
将下表2中所列的组分放入反应器中并在60℃的温度和1,000rpm的搅拌器速度的条件下混合，以制备无级变速器油的组合物。
[构成无级变速器油的组合物的各个组分]
基础油：①倾点为-40℃的Yubase L3(III组，SK Corporation制造的产品)；②倾点为-69℃的PAO4(Chevron Philips Corporation制造的产品)；③Kixx4，其具有倾点-30℃(III组，GS Caltex Corporation制造的产品)
粘度调节剂：烯酰胺梳状PMA：X/Y的比率为1:2，包括10至50重量％的酰胺单体，重均分子量为150,000。
抗磨添加剂：亚磷酸氢二丁酯(由Lubrizol Corporation制造的产品)
摩擦改进剂：硫化的脂肪酯(由Lubrizol Corporation制造的产品)
[表2]
测试实施例
在实施例1至5和比较例1至7以及实施例3、6和比较例1至14中制备的各种用于无级变速器油的组合物中，基于广为人知的性能测试方法来测试性能，其结果列于下表3和4中。
[性能测试方法]
40℃/100℃的运动粘度(cSt)：通过ASTM D 445方法测量。
-40℃的低温粘度(cP)：通过ASTM D 2983方法测量。
燃料效率提高比率(汽车燃料系数，％)：通过FTP75评价(认证模式)。
[表3]
在表3中，在根据本发明的实施例1至5的情况下，可以看出，通过在用于测量燃料效率的温度范围(20至85℃)内降低粘度而降低流体阻力，存在燃料效率提高的效果。特别是，在实施例3的情况下，示出了最优异的燃料效率提高比率。
同时，在其中烯酰胺梳状PMA小于5重量％的比较例2和其中烯酰胺梳状PMA大于15重量％的比较例3的情况下，可以看出粘度降低效果低，因此燃料效率提高效果是轻微的。
在相关技术中使用星形PMA或梳状PMA作为粘度调节剂的比较例4至7的情况下，可以看出，燃料效率提高效果是轻微的，或-40℃的低温粘度增加，因此燃料效率不佳。
[表4]
在表4中，类似于比较例8至14，在使用烯酰胺梳状PMA作为具有-30℃的倾点的一般基础油的情况下，可以看出，-40℃的低温粘度反而增加，因此燃料效率降低。
同时，在使用具有-69℃的倾点的聚α烯烃(PAO)作为基础油的实施例6的情况下，可以看出燃料效率提高比率提高到0.6％。原因是用于本发明的粘度调节剂在作为蜡组分的PAO中在低温下结晶少，以防止粘度增加。
因此，通过在倾点为-40℃或更低的基础油中使用为新型粘度调节剂的烯酰胺梳状PMA，本发明中的无级变速器油的组合物可被提供为通过降低低温粘度而具有提高的燃料效率并通过增大高温粘度而具有提高的耐久性能的无级变速器油。
已经参考优选实施方案详细描述本发明。然而，本领域技术人员将理解可以在这些实施方案中做出改变而不偏离本发明的原理和精神，本发明的范围在所附权利要求及其等价形式中限定。

Claims (6)

1.一种无级变速器油的组合物，其包含：
约75重量％至约85重量％的倾点为-40℃或更低的基础油；
约5重量％至约15重量％的作为粘度调节剂的烯酰胺梳状PMA；
约8重量％至约15重量％的抗磨添加剂；和
约2重量％至约5重量％的摩擦改进剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无级变速器油的组合物，其中所述基础油包括选自如下的至少一者：聚α-烯烃和包括石蜡基烃化合物的基础油。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无级变速器油的组合物，其中所述粘度调节剂具有以下化学式1的结构，
化学式1：
其中，
R1为C1至C20的直链或支链烷基，
R2为C2至C40的直链或支链链烯基，
X/Y的比率为1:2至1:3，和
重均分子量为100,000至150,000。
4.根据权利要求1所述的无级变速器油的组合物，其中相对于所述烯酰胺梳状PMA的总重量，包括约10重量％至约50重量％的酰胺单体。
5.根据权利要求1所述的无级变速器油的组合物，其中抗磨添加剂是亚磷酸氢二丁酯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的无级变速器油的组合物，其中摩擦改进剂为选自硫化的脂肪酯、亚磷酸链烯基酯和多元醇酯中的至少一种。
CN201611143729.XA 2016-08-01 2016-12-13 用于提高燃料效率和耐久性能的无级变速器油的组合物 Pending CN107674733A (zh)

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