US20180021250A1 - Transdermally absorbable base material containing lipid peptide compound - Google Patents

Transdermally absorbable base material containing lipid peptide compound Download PDF

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US20180021250A1
US20180021250A1 US15/546,944 US201615546944A US2018021250A1 US 20180021250 A1 US20180021250 A1 US 20180021250A1 US 201615546944 A US201615546944 A US 201615546944A US 2018021250 A1 US2018021250 A1 US 2018021250A1
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group
acid
base material
optionally
membered cyclic
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Masahiro Goto
Nobuhide Miyachi
Takehisa Iwama
Takayuki Imoto
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Kyushu University NUC
Nissan Chemical Corp
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Kyushu University NUC
Nissan Chemical Corp
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Assigned to KYUSHU UNIVERSITY, NISSAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD. reassignment KYUSHU UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GOTO, MASAHIRO, IMOTO, TAKAYUKI, IWAMA, TAKEHISA, MIYACHI, NOBUHIDE
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
    • A61K31/726—Glycosaminoglycans, i.e. mucopolysaccharides
    • A61K31/728—Hyaluronic acid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/22—Hormones
    • A61K38/28—Insulins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/12—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
    • A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
    • A61K47/183—Amino acids, e.g. glycine, EDTA or aspartame
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/42—Proteins; Polypeptides; Degradation products thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. albumin, gelatin or zein
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/0216—Solid or semisolid forms
    • A61K8/0229—Sticks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/34—Alcohols
    • A61K8/345—Alcohols containing more than one hydroxy group
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/36—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A61K8/361—Carboxylic acids having more than seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/60—Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/608—Derivatives containing from 2 to 10 oxyalkylene groups
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/64—Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/10—General cosmetic use

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a transdermally absorbable base material that contains a lipid peptide compound and is useful as a base material for transdermally absorbable formulation, and preferably relates to a stick-shaped transdermally absorbable base material and a premix for the transdermally absorbable base material.
  • Transdermally absorbable formulation generally employs an approach of blending a transdermal absorption enhancer with a transdermally absorbable base material in order to enhance absorption of the active ingredients.
  • Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 w/o microemulsion gel containing lecithin
  • Non-Patent Document 3 o/w microemulsion gel containing a thickener, such as a carboxy polymer or xanthan gum
  • low-molecular gelators examples include one in which the hydrophilic moiety is amino acid [Non-Patent Document 4], one in which the hydrophilic moiety is a peptide [Patent Documents 1 and 2], one in which the hydrophilic moiety is a monosaccharide or a polysaccharide [Non-Patent Documents 5 and 6], and one in which the hydrophilic moiety is a polyol [Non-Patent Document 7].
  • a low-molecular gelator has also been developed [Non-Patent Document 8] by using the fact that a peptide formed of valine easily takes a ⁇ -sheet structure.
  • the transdermal absorbability of the active ingredients is also an issue.
  • a base material useful as the transdermally absorbable base material expected to increase the amount of penetration of the active ingredients to the skin is provided by employing, as the transdermally absorbable base material, an aqueous gel obtained by blending together a lipid peptide compound serving as a gelator constituted by a low-molecular lipid peptide or a pharmaceutically usable salt thereof, a surfactant, a specific polyhydric alcohol, and a fatty acid, and thus completed the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to, as a first aspect, a transdermally absorbable base material comprising a lipid peptide compound including at least one of compounds of Formulae (1) to (3) below or pharmaceutically usable salts thereof, a surfactant, 1,2-alkanediol or glycerin, at least one fatty acid, and water.
  • a transdermally absorbable base material comprising a lipid peptide compound including at least one of compounds of Formulae (1) to (3) below or pharmaceutically usable salts thereof, a surfactant, 1,2-alkanediol or glycerin, at least one fatty acid, and water.
  • R 1 is a C 9-23 aliphatic group
  • R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-4 alkyl group that optionally has a branched chain having a carbon atom number of 1 or 2
  • R 3 is a —(CH 2 ) n —X group
  • n is a number of 1 to 4
  • X is amino group, guanidino group, —CONH 2 group, or a 5-membered cyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, a 6-membered cyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, or a condensed heterocyclic group constituted by a 5-membered cyclic group and a 6-membered cyclic group which optionally have 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms.
  • R 4 is a C 9-23 aliphatic group
  • R 5 to R 7 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C 1-4 alkyl group that optionally has a branched chain having a carbon atom number of I or 2, or —(CH 2 ) n —X group
  • n is a number of 1 to 4
  • X is amino group, guanidino group, —CONIH 2 group, or a 5-membered cyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, a 6-membered cyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, or a condensed heterocyclic group constituted by a 5-membered cyclic group and a 6-membered cyclic group which optionally have 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms.
  • R 8 is a C 9-23 aliphatic group
  • R 9 to R 12 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C 1-4 alkyl group that optionally has a branched chain having a carbon atom number of 1 or 2, or —(CH 2 ) n —X group
  • n is a number of 1 to 4
  • X is amino group, guanidino group, —CONH 2 group, or a 5-membered cyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, a 6-membered cyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, or a condensed heterocyclic group constituted by a 5-membered cyclic group and a 6-membered cyclic group which optionally have 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms.
  • the present invention relates to, as a second aspect, the transdermally absorbable base material according to the first aspect, in which the lipid peptide compound is a compound of Formula (1), wherein R 1 is a linear aliphatic group having a carbon atom number of 15; R 2 is a hydrogen atom; and R 3 is 4-imidazole methyl group.
  • R 1 is a linear aliphatic group having a carbon atom number of 15
  • R 2 is a hydrogen atom
  • R 3 is 4-imidazole methyl group.
  • the present invention relates to, as a third aspect, the transdermally absorbable base material according to the first or second aspect, being stick-shaped.
  • the present invention relates to, as a fourth aspect, the transdermally absorbable base material according to any one of the first to third aspects, further comprising at least one oleaginous base material.
  • the present invention relates to, as a fifth aspect, the transdermally absorbable base material according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, further comprising at least one organic acid.
  • the present invention relates to, as a sixth aspect, the transdermally absorbable base material according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, comprising, as the surfactant, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol alkyl ethers, phospholipid, and polyglycerin fatty acid esters.
  • the present invention relates to, as a seventh aspect, the transdermally absorbable base material according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, further comprising polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (CAS registry number 9005-64-5) as a surfactant.
  • polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate CAS registry number 9005-64-5
  • the present invention relates to, as an eighth aspect, the transdermally absorbable base material according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, in which the fatty acid is stearic acid.
  • the present invention relates to, as a ninth aspect, the transdermally absorbable base material according to any one of the fifth to eighth aspects, in which the organic acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid, citric acid, and ascorbic acid.
  • the present invention relates to, as a tenth aspect, the transdermally absorbable base material according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, being used for cosmetics or pharmaceutical products.
  • the present invention relates to, as an eleventh aspect, a premix for a transdermally absorbable base material, the premix comprising a lipid peptide compound including at least one of compounds of Formulae (1) to (3) below or pharmaceutically usable salts thereof, a surfactant, 1,2-alkanediol or glycerin, and at least one fatty acid.
  • R 8 is a C 9-23 aliphatic group
  • R 9 to R 12 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C 1-4 alkyl group that optionally has a branched chain having a carbon atom number of 1 or 2, or —(CH 2 ) n —X group
  • n is a number of 1 to 4
  • X is amino group, guanidino group, —CONH 2 group, or a 5-membered cyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, a 6-membered cyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, or a condensed heterocyclic group constituted by a 5-membered cyclic group and a 6-membered cyclic group which optionally have 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms.
  • a transdermally absorbable base material of the present invention employs a composition of an aqueous gel containing a gelator (lipid peptide compound), a surfactant, a specific polyhydric alcohol, and a fatty acid so as to be useful as a transdermally absorbable base material that is excellent in the transdermal absorbability thereof when active ingredients, such as hyaluronic acid, are blended therewith.
  • a gelator lipid peptide compound
  • the lipid peptide compound contained in the transdermally absorbable base material of the present invention is a very safe artificial low-molecular compound constituted by only fat and peptides.
  • the compound can form an aqueous gel without using, for example, a cross-linking agent that is needed for forming a conventionally developed synthetic polymer gel, and consequently does not cause problems, such as residual unreacted substances, including, for example, an unreacted cross-linking agent in the obtained transdermally absorbable base material.
  • additives in the transdermally absorbable base material of the present invention are additives generally used as additives for foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products.
  • the transdermally absorbable base material of the present invention has high biological safety, and is very useful for the applications described above, in particular, from the viewpoint of high safety required for materials for, for example, medical or cosmetic use.
  • the transdermally absorbable base material of the present invention is expected be a base material that gives a high cooling sensation and spreads well without being folded or deformed when applied to human skin or the like, and therefore is very useful as a base material for cosmetics or pharmaceutical products, and in particular, as a stick-shaped transdermally absorbable base material.
  • the present invention can provide a premixed raw material suitable for the transdermally absorbable base material described above.
  • the present invention allows the present invention to provide the transdermally absorbable base material in a gel state suitable for the stick-shaped base material, particularly even if an organic acid, such as ascorbic acid, is blended in a large amount.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating amounts of fluorescently-labeled hyaluronic acid in extracted solutions of skin after a skin permeability test (Example 5) conducted using transdermally absorbable base materials (gels) prepared in Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Example 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a device used in the skin permeability test in Example 5.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating amounts of fluorescently-labeled insulin (fluorescence intensities in ⁇ g/cm 2 ) in extracted solutions of the skin after the skin permeability test (Example 8) conducted using transdermally absorbable base materials (gels) prepared in Examples 6 and 7 and Comparative Example 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating amounts of fluorescently-labeled insulin (fluorescence intensities in ⁇ g/cm 2 ) in extracted solutions of tapes obtained by tape stripping after the skin permeability test (Example 9) conducted using the transdermally absorbable base materials (gels) prepared in Examples 6 and 7 and Comparative Example 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating amounts of fluorescently-labeled insulin (fluorescence intensities in ⁇ g/cm 2 ) in extracted solutions of the skin after the skin permeability test (Example 12) conducted using transdermally absorbable base materials (gels) prepared in Examples 10 and 11 and Comparative Example 3.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating amounts of fluorescently-labeled insulin (fluorescence intensities in ⁇ g/cm 2 ) in extracted solutions of the skin after the skin permeability test (Example 14) conducted using transdermally absorbable base materials (gels) and polyoxylauryl ether prepared in Example 13 and Comparative Example 4.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating amounts of fluorescently-labeled insulin (fluorescence intensities in ⁇ g/cm 2) in extracted solutions of the skin after the skin permeability test (Example 18) conducted using transdermally absorbable base materials (gels) prepared in Examples 16 and 17 and Comparative Example 5.
  • FIG. 8 depicts confocal micrographs illustrating permeability through the skin of a mouse ear taken using the transdermally absorbable base material (gel) prepared in Example 6.
  • FIG. 9 depicts confocal micrographs illustrating permeability through the skin of a mouse ear taken using the transdermally absorbable base material (gel) prepared in Example 16.
  • FIG. 10 depicts fluorescence micrographs illustrating permeability through YMP skin taken using the transdermally absorbable base material (gel) prepared in Example 16.
  • the present invention relates to a transdermally absorbable base material that contains a lipid peptide compound including at least one of compounds of Formulae (1) to (3) below or pharmaceutically usable salts thereof, a surfactant, a specific polyhydric alcohol, a fatty acid, and water, and contains, as desired, an oleaginous base material, an organic acid, and other additives.
  • a lipid peptide compound including at least one of compounds of Formulae (1) to (3) below or pharmaceutically usable salts thereof, a surfactant, a specific polyhydric alcohol, a fatty acid, and water, and contains, as desired, an oleaginous base material, an organic acid, and other additives.
  • the present invention also relates to a premix for the transdermally absorbable base material containing the lipid peptide compound, the surfactant, the specific polyhydric alcohol, the fatty acid mentioned above.
  • the transdermally absorbable base material of the present invention is suitable for cosmetics or pharmaceutical products, and in particular, can be suitably used as a stick-shaped transdermally absorbable base material (hereinafter, also called a stick-shaped base material).
  • the stick-shaped base material refers to a bar-like base material that retains a bar-like shape and has a strength enabling application to, for example, skin.
  • the lipid peptide compound used in the transdermally absorbable base material and the premix therefor of the present invention can be any of compounds (lipid peptides) of Formulae (1) to (3) below or a pharmaceutically usable salt thereof (a low-molecular compounds having a lipid moiety serving as a hydrophobic moiety and a peptide moiety serving as a hydrophilic moiety).
  • R 1 is a C 9-23 aliphatic group, and preferably R 1 is a linear aliphatic group having a carbon atom number of 11 to 23, and optionally having 0 to 2 unsaturated bonds.
  • lipid moiety (acyl group) constituted by R 1 and adjacent carbonyl group include lauroyl group, dodecylcarbonyl group, myristoyl group, tetradecylcarbonyl group, palmitoyl group, margaroyl group, oleoyl group, elaidoyl group, linoleoyl group, stearoyl group, vaccenoyl group, octadecylcarbonyl group, arachidoyl group, eicosylcarbonyl group, behenoyl group, erucanoyl group, docosylcarbonyl group, lignoceyl group, and nervonoyl group.
  • lauroyl group myristoyl group, palmitoyl group, margaroyl group, stearoyl group, oleoyl group, elaidoyl group, and behenoyl group are particularly preferable.
  • R 2 contained in the peptide moiety is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-4 alkyl group that optionally has a branched chain having a carbon atom number of 1 or 2.
  • the above-mentioned C 1-4 alkyl group that optionally has the branched chain having a carbon atom number of 1 or 2 refers to the alkyl group that has a C 1-4 main chain and optionally has the branched chain having a carbon atom number of 1 or 2, and specific examples thereof include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, n-butyl group, i-butyl group, sec-butyl group, and tert-butyl group.
  • R 2 described above is preferably a hydrogen atom or a C 1-3 alkyl group that optionally has a branched chain having a carbon atom number of 1, and is more preferably a hydrogen atom.
  • the C 1-3 alkyl group that optionally has the branched chain having a carbon atom number of 1 refers to the alkyl group that has a C 1-3 main chain and optionally has the branched chain having a carbon atom number of 1, and specific examples thereof include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, i-butyl group, and sec-butyl group. Among them, methyl group, i-propyl group, i-butyl group, and sec-butyl group are preferable.
  • R 3 is a —(CH 2 ) n —X group.
  • n is a number of 1 to 4
  • X is amino group, guanidino group, —CONH 2 group, or a 5-membered cyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, a 6-membered cyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, or a condensed heterocyclic group constituted by a 5-membered cyclic group and a 6-membered cyclic group which optionally have 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms.
  • X is preferably amino group, guanidino group, carbamoyl group (—CONH 2 group), pyrrole group, imidazole group, pyrazole group, or indole group, and is more preferably imidazole group.
  • n is preferably 1 or 2, and is more preferably 1.
  • the above-described —(CH 2 ) n —X group is preferably aminomethyl group, 2-aminoethyl group, 3-aminopropyl group, 4-aminobutyl group, carbamoylmethyl group, 2-carbamoyl ethyl group, 3-carbamoyl butyl group, 2-guanidino ethyl group, 3-guanidino butyl group, pyrrole methyl group, 4-imidazole methyl group, pyrazolemethyl group, or 3-indole methyl group, more preferably 4-aminobutyl group, carbamoylmethyl group, 2-carbamoyl ethyl group, 3-guanidino butyl group, 4-imidazole methyl group, or 3-indole methyl group, and still more preferably 4-imidazole methyl group.
  • a particularly preferable lipid peptide as the lipid peptide compound is one of compounds listed below that is formed of a lipid moiety and a peptide moiety (amino acid assembly moiety).
  • Amino acids are abbreviated as follows: alanine (Ala), asparagine (Asn), glutamine (Gln), glycine (Gly), histidine (His), isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), lysine (Lys), tryptophan (Trp), and valine (Val).
  • the compounds are as follows: lauroyl-Gly-His, lauroyl-Gly-Gin, lauroyl-Gly-Asn, lauroyl-Gly-Trp, lauroyl-Gly-Lys, lauroyl-Ala-His, lauroyl-Ala-Gln, lauroyl-Ala-Asn, lauroyl-Ala-Trp, and lauroyl-Ala-Lys; myristoyl-Gly-His, myristoyl-Gly-Gln, myristoyl-Gly-Asn, myristoyl-Gly-Trp, myristoyl-Gly-Lys, myristoyl-Ala-His, myristoyl-Ala-Gln, myristoyl-Ala-Asn, myristoyl-Ala-Trp, and myristoyl-Ala-Lys; palmitoyl-Gly-His
  • Examples of the most preferable of these compounds include lauroyl-Gly-His and lauroyl-Ala-His; myristoyl-Gly-His and myristoyl-Ala-His; palmitoyl-Gly-His and palmitoyl-Ala-His; and stearoyl-Gly-His and stearoyl-Ala-His.
  • R 4 is a C 9-23 aliphatic group, and preferable specific examples thereof include the same groups as those defined in R 1 described above.
  • R 5 to R 7 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C 1-4 alkyl group that optionally has a branched chain having a carbon atom number of 1 or 2, or —(CH 2 ) n —X group, and at least one of R 5 to R 7 is preferably —(CH 2 ) n —X group; n is a number of 1 to 4; and X is amino group, guanidino group, —CONH 2 group, or a 5-membered cyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, a 6-membered cyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, or a condensed heterocyclic group constituted by a 5-membered cyclic group and a 6-membered cyclic group which optionally have 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms.
  • R 5 to R 7 include the same groups as those defined in R 2 and R 3 described above.
  • a preferable lipid peptide is one of the following compounds that is formed of a lipid moiety and a peptide moiety (amino acid assembly moiety): myristoyl-Gly-Gly-His, myristoyl-Gly-Gly-Gln, myristoyl-Gly-Gly-Asn, myristoyl-Gly-Gly-Trp, myristoyl-Gly-Gly-Lys, myristoyl-Gly-Ala-His, myristoyl-Gly-Ala-Gln, myristoyl-Gly-Ala-Asn, myristoyl-Gly-Ala-Trp, myristoyl-Gly-Ala-Lys, myristoyl-Ala-Gly-His, myristoyl-Ala-Gly-Gln, myristoyl-Ala-Gly-Asn, myristoyl-Ala-Trp, myristoyl-Gly
  • Examples of the most preferable of these compounds include lauroyl-Gly-Gly-His, myristoyl-Gly-Gly-His, palmitoyl-Gly-Gly-His, palmitoyl-Gly-His-Gly, palmitoyl-His-Gly-Gly, and stearoyl-Gly-Gly-His.
  • R 8 is a C 9-23 aliphatic group, and preferable specific examples thereof include the same groups as those defined in R 1 described above.
  • R 9 to R 12 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C 1-4 alkyl group that optionally has a branched chain having a carbon atom number of I or 2, or —(CH 2 ) n —X group, and at least one of R 9 to R 12 is preferably —(CH 2 ) n —X group; n is a number of 1 to 4; and X is amino group, guanidino group, —CONH 2 group, or a 5-membered cyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, a 6-membered cyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, or a condensed heterocyclic group constituted by a 5-membered cyclic group and a 6-membered cyclic group which optionally have 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms.
  • Preferable specific examples of R 9 to R 12 include the same groups as those defined in R 2 and R 3 described above.
  • examples of the preferable lipid peptide compound include lauroyl-Gly-Gly-Gly-His, myristoyl-Gly-Gly-Gly-His, palmitoyl-Gly-Gly-Gly-His, palmitoyl-Gly-Gly-His-Gly, palmitoyl-Gly-His-Gly-Gly, palmitoyl-His-Gly-Gly-Gly, palmitoyl-His-Gly-Gly-Gly, and stearoyl-Gly-Gly-Gly-His.
  • a particularly preferable compound among these lipid peptide compounds is a compound of Formula (1), wherein R 1 is a linear aliphatic group having a carbon atom number of 15; R 2 is a hydrogen atom; and R 3 is 4-imidazole methyl group, namely, a palmitoyl-Gly-His compound.
  • the blending amount of the lipid peptide compound with respect to the total mass of the obtained transdermally absorbable base material is, for example, from 0.01% to 30% by mass, preferably from 0.05% to 10% by mass, and more preferably from 0.1% to 10% by mass.
  • the blending amount of the lipid peptide compound with respect to the total mass of the obtained premix is, for example, from 5% to 20% by mass, and preferably from 10% to 20% by mass.
  • the lipid peptide compound used in the present invention includes at least one of the compounds (lipid peptides) of Formulae (1) to (3) above or pharmaceutically usable salts thereof.
  • One or a combination of two or more of these compounds can be used as a hydrogelator.
  • a compound having a hydrophilic moiety having a betaine structure and a hydrophobic moiety in each molecule thereof (hereinafter, also called a betaine-based compound), ethylene glycol alkyl ethers, or polyglycerin fatty acid esters can be preferably used as the surfactant used in the transdermally absorbable base material or the premix therefor of the present invention.
  • Betaine-based compounds known as amphoteric surfactants can be used as the betaine-based compound described above.
  • the known betaine-based compounds include N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl amino acid betaines, such as lauryldimethyl aminoacetic acid betaine (lauryl betaine); fatty acid amide alkyl-N,N-dimethyl amino acid betaines, such as cocamidopropyl betaine and lauramidopropyl betaine; imidazoline-type betaines, such as sodium cocoamphoacetate and sodium lauroamphoacetate; alkyl sulfobetaines, such as lauryl hydroxy sulfobetaine and alkyl dimethyl taurines; sulfuric acid-type betaines, such as alkyl dimethyl amino ethanol sulfuric acid esters; and phosphoric acid-type betaines, such as alkyl dimethyl amino ethanol phosphoric acid esters.
  • betaine-based compound described above examples include glycerophospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin), and phosphatidic acid; lysoglycerophospholipids, such as lysophosphatidylcholine (lysolecithin), lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lyzophosphatidylserine, lyzophosphatidylinositol, lyzophosphatidylglycerol, and lysophosphatidic acid; sphingophospholipids, such as sphingomyelin; and hydrogenated products thereof. These phospholipids may be those derived from animals and plants, such as soybeans and egg yolk, or may be synthesized by chemical or enzymatic methods.
  • betaine-based compound described above examples include lauryldimethyl aminoacetic acid betaine, lauramidopropyl betaine, lauryl hydroxy sulfobetaine, stearyl betaine, lysophosphatidylcholine (lysolecithin), lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidylglycerol, and lysophosphatidic acid, and more preferable examples thereof include lysophosphatidylcholine (lysolecithin).
  • ethylene glycol alkyl ethers examples include polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers, polyoxyethylene palmitoyl ethers, and polyoxyethylene stearyl ethers. Among them, polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers and polyoxyethylene stearyl ethers are preferable.
  • polyglycerin fatty acid esters examples include glycerin fatty acid partial esters, such as glyceryl stearate, glyceryl isostearate, glyceryl palmitate, glyceryl myristate, glyceryl oleate, coconut oil fatty acid glyceryl, mono-cottonseed oil fatty acid glycerin, glycerin monoerucate, glycerin sesquioleate, ⁇ , ⁇ ′-oleic acid pyroglutamic acid glycerin, and glycerin monostearate malic acid; and polyglyceryl-2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -8, and -10 stearates, polyglyceryl-6 and -10 distearates, polyglyceryl-2 tristearates, polyglyceryl-10 decastearates, polyglyceryl-2, -3, -4, -5, -6,
  • the surfactant when the surfactant is classified based on a hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value, the surfactant having an HLB value in the range of preferably 1.0 to 20.0, more preferably 2.0 to 17.0, and still more preferably 8.0 to 17.0 can be blended. Setting the HLB value of the surfactant in the above-described range can provide good dispersibility of an emulsion that can be constituted by hydrophilic and oleophilic components when the transdermally absorbable base material is prepared.
  • HLB hydrophile-lipophile balance
  • sorbitan mono-fatty acid esters such as sorbitan monolaurate [“Span 20”
  • HLB hydrophile-lipophile balance
  • examples of suitably usable surfactants having a hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value of 10 to 12 include sorbitan isostearate, steareth-8, beheneth-10, laureth-5, ceteth-7, oleth-8, PEG-8 glyceryl isostearate, choleth-10, PEG-10BG isostearate, PEG-30 glyceryl triisostearate, PEG-30 glyceryl trioleate, PEG-30 trimethylolpropane triisostearate, PEG-30 hydrogenated castor oil laurate, PCA isostearate PEG-30 hydrogenated castor oil, octyldodeceth-10, PEG-12 dilaurate, sorbeth-40 tetraoleate, polyglyceryl-10 diisostearates, PEG-20 glyceryl diisostearate, PEG-8 isostearate, PEG-10 glyceryl
  • the blending amount of the above-described surfactant with respect to the total mass of the obtained transdermally absorbable base material is, for example, from 0.1% to 20% by mass, preferably from 0.1% to 10% by mass, and more preferably from 0.1% to 5% by mass.
  • the blending amount of the above-described surfactant with respect to the total mass of the obtained premix is, for example, from 1% to 20% by mass, and preferably from 2% to 10% by mass.
  • the surfactant used in the present invention is at least one of the surfactants listed above. One or a combination of two or more of these surfactants can be used.
  • the transdermally absorbable base material or the premix therefor of the present invention contains 1,2-alkanediol or glycerin.
  • 1,2-alkanediol has a function to facilitate solubility of the lipid peptide compound, and specific examples thereof include 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-octanediol, and 1,2-decanediol. Among them, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, and 1,2-octanediol are preferable, and 1,2-pentanediol and 1,2-hexanediol are more preferable.
  • the surfactant used in the present invention is at least one of the 1,2-alkanediols listed above. One or a combination of two or more of these 1,2-alkanediols can be used.
  • glycerin is also suitably usable as a substance having the function to facilitate the solubility of the lipid peptide compound in the transdermally absorbable base material or the premix therefor of the present invention.
  • Some commercial products of the above-described surfactant contain glycerin as a solvent. When such commercial products are used, the glycerin contained as an ingredient in the commercial products also acts so as to facilitate the solubility of the lipid peptide compound.
  • the blending amount of the 1,2-alkanediol or the glycerin with respect to the total mass of the obtained transdermally absorbable base material is, for example, from 0.1% to 20% by mass, preferably from 0.1% to 10% by mass, and more preferably from 0.1% to 5% by mass.
  • the blending amount of the 1,2-alkanediol or the glycerin with respect to the total mass of the obtained premix is, for example, from 2% to 20% by mass, and preferably from 2% to 10% by mass.
  • the fatty acid contained in the transdermally absorbable base material or the premix therefor of the present invention is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of saturated and unsaturated C 10-20 fatty acids and salts thereof.
  • the fatty acid include capric acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, and stearic acid.
  • capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid are more preferable, and stearic acid is particularly preferable.
  • the blending amount of the fatty acid used in the present invention is, for example, from 0.01% to 2.0% by mass, and preferably from 0.02% to 1.0% by mass, with respect to the total mass of the obtained transdermally absorbable base material.
  • the blending amount of the fatty acid with respect to the total mass of the obtained premix is, for example, from 0.5% to 5% by mass, and preferably from 0.5% to 3% by mass.
  • the fatty acid used in the present invention is at least one selected from the fatty acid group listed above. One or a combination of two or more of these fatty acids can be used.
  • the transdermally absorbable base material of the present invention may further contain an oleaginous base material.
  • the premix of the present invention can also contain the oleaginous base material.
  • oleaginous base used in the present invention include higher (polyhydric) alcohols, such as cetanol, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, cetostearyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, jojoba alcohol, chimyl alcohol, selachyl alcohol, batyl alcohol, hexyldecanol, isostearyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, and dimer diol; aralkyl alcohols, such as benzyl alcohol and derivatives thereof; isostearic acid, behenic acid, undecylenic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, erucic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, isohexadecanoic acid,
  • the blending amount of the fatty acid with respect to the total mass of the obtained transdermally absorbable base material is, for example, from 1% to 50% by mass, preferably from 5% to 50% by mass, and more preferably from 10% to 50% by mass.
  • the blending amount thereof is, for example, from 1% to 50% by mass, and preferably from 1% to 30% by mass, with respect to the total mass of the premix.
  • the above-described oleaginous base used in the present invention is at least one of the oleaginous bases listed above. One or a combination of two or more of these oleaginous bases can be used.
  • the transdermally absorbable base material of the present invention may further contain an organic acid.
  • the premix of the present invention can also contain the organic acid.
  • organic acid examples include oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and fumaric acid.
  • oxalic acid ascorbic acid, citric acid, and citric acid.
  • the blending amount of the organic acid with respect to the total mass of the obtained transdermally absorbable base material is, for example, from 0.5% to 50% by mass, and preferably from 0.5% to 30% by mass.
  • the blending amount thereof is, for example, from 1% to 20% by mass, and preferably from 1% to 10% by mass, with respect to the total mass of the premix.
  • the transdermally absorbable base material of the present invention can be blended, as needed, with additives generally usable as additives for cosmetics or additives for quasi-drugs.
  • added ingredients such as biologically active substances and functional substances, blended in the transdermally absorbable base material (solid base material for skin external application) of cosmetics or quasi-drugs include humectants, touch improvers, surfactants, transdermal absorption enhancers, polymers, thickeners/gelators, solvents/propellants, antioxidants, reductants, oxidants, preservatives, antimicrobe agents, bactericides, chelating agents, pH adjusters, acids, alkalis, powder, inorganic salts, ultraviolet absorbers, whitening agents, vitamins and derivatives thereof, hair growth drugs, blood circulation accelerators, stimulants, hormones, anti-wrinkle agents, anti-aging agents, tightening agents, cooling agents, warming agents, wound healing accelerators, irritation reducing agents, analgesics, cell activators, plant/animal/microbial extracts
  • humectant and touch improver include polyols, such as glycerin, 1,3-butylene glycol (1,3-butanediol), propylene glycol, 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, hexylene glycol, diglycerin, polyglycerins, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, and ethylene glycol-propylene glycol copolymers, and polymers of these polyols; glycol alkyl ethers, such as diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (ethoxy diglycol), ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and diethylene glycol dibutyl ether; water soluble esters,
  • the surfactant include anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and polymeric surfactants.
  • the surfactant are as follows.
  • Preferable examples of the anionic surfactants include salts of fatty acids, such as potassium laurate and potassium myristate; alkyl sulfates, such as sodium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, and ammonium lauryl sulfate; polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfates, such as sodium laureth sulfate and triethanolamine laureth sulfate; salts of acyl-N-methylamino acids, such as sodium cocoyl methyl taurate, potassium cocoyl methyl taurate, sodium lauroyl methyl taurate, sodium myristoyl methyl taurate, sodium lauroyl methyl alaninate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, triethanolamine la
  • fatty acids
  • nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers having various numbers of added polyoxyethylenes, such as laureths (polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers), ceteths (polyoxyethylene cetyl ethers), steareths (polyoxyethylene stearyl ethers), beheneths (polyoxyethylene behenyl ethers), isosteareths (polyoxyethylene isostearyl ethers), and octyldodeceths (polyoxyethylene octyldodecyl ethers); polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ethers; derivatives of castor oil and hydrogenated castor oil, such as polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oils, polyoxyethylene castor oils, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil monoisostearates, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil triisostearates, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil monopyroglutamate-monoisostearate-diesters, and
  • the cationic surfactants include alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides, such as behentrimonium chloride, steartrimonium chloride, cetrimonium chloride, and lauryltrimonium chloride; alkyltrimethylammonium bromides, such as steartrimonium bromide; dialkyldimethylammonium chlorides, such as distearyldimonium chloride and dicocodimonium chloride; fatty acid amido amines, such as stearamidopropyl dimethylamine and stearamidoethyl diethylamine, and salts thereof; alkyletheramines, such as stearoxypropyl dimethylamine, and salts or quaternary salts thereof; fatty acid amide-type quaternary ammonium salts, such as long-chain branched fatty acid (12 to 31) aminopropylethyldimethylammonium ethyl sulfate and lanolin fatty
  • amphoteric surfactants include N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl amino acid betaines, such as lauryl betaine (lauryldimethyl aminoacetic acid betaine); fatty acid amide alkyl-N,N-dimethyl amino acid betaines, such as cocamidopropyl betaine and lauramidopropyl betaine; imidazoline-type betaines, such as sodium cocoamphoacetate and sodium lauroamphoacetate; alkylsulfo betaines, such as alkyl dimethyl taurines; sulfuric acid-type betaines, such as alkyl dimethyl amino ethanol sulfuric acid esters; phosphoric acid-type betaines, such as alkyl dimethyl amino ethanol phosphoric acid esters; phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, sphingophospholipids, such as sphingomyelin,
  • polymeric surfactants include polyvinyl alcohols, sodium alginate, starch derivatives, tragacanth gum, copolymers of alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates, and various silicone-based surfactants.
  • transdermal absorption enhancers examples include caprylic acid, capric acid, caproic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, lauric acid diethanolamide, methyl salicylate, ethylene glycol salicylate, cinnamic acid, methyl cinnamate, cresol, cetyl lactate, lauryl lactate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, geraniol, thymol, eugenol, terpineol, L-menthol, borneol, d-limonene, isoeugenol, isoborneol, nerol,
  • polymers, the thickeners, and the gelators include guar gum; locust bean gum; quince seed; carrageenan; galactan; gum arabic; tara gum; tamarind; furcellaran; karaya gum; sunset hibiscus; cara gum; tragacanth gum; pectin; pectic acid and salts thereof, such as a sodium salt; alginic acid and salts thereof, such as a sodium salt; mannan; starches of, for example, rice, corn, potato, and wheat; xanthan gum; dextran; succinoglucan; curdlan; hyaluronic acid and salts thereof; xanthan gum; pullulan, gellan gum; chitin; chitosan; agar; brown alga extract; chondroitin sulfate; casein; collagen; gelatin; albumin; celluloses and derivatives thereof, such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyeth
  • the solvents and the propellants include lower alcohols, such as ethanol, 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol), butanol, and isobutyl alcohol; glycols, such as propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and isopentyl diol; glycol ethers, such as diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (ethoxy diglycol), ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, and dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether; glycol ether esters, such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, and propylene glycol monoethyl ether;
  • antioxidants include tocopherol derivatives, such as tocopherol (vitamin E) and tocopherol acetate; BHT and BHA; gallic acid derivatives, such as propyl gallate; vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and/or derivatives thereof; erythorbic acid and derivatives thereof; sulfites, such as sodium sulfite; hydrogen sulfites, such as sodium hydrogensulfite; thiosulfates, such as sodium thiosulfate; metabisulfites; thiotaurine; hypotaurine; thioglycerol; thiourea; thioglycolic acid; and cysteine hydrochloride.
  • tocopherol derivatives such as tocopherol (vitamin E) and tocopherol acetate
  • BHT and BHA gallic acid derivatives, such as propyl gallate
  • vitamin C ascorbic acid
  • erythorbic acid and derivatives thereof erythorbic acid and derivatives thereof
  • reducing agents include thioglycolic acid, cysteine, and cysteamine.
  • oxidants include a hydrogen peroxide solution, ammonium persulfate, sodium bromate, and percarbonic acid.
  • preservatives, the antimicrobe agents, and the bactericides include hydroxybenzoic acid and salts or esters thereof, such as methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben; salicylic acid; sodium benzoate; phenoxy ethanol; isothiazolinone derivatives, such as methyl-chloro-isothiazolinone and methyl-isothiazolinone; imidazolinium urea; dehydroacetic acid and salts thereof; phenols; halogenated bisphenols, such as triclosan; acid amides; quaternary ammonium salts; trichlorocarbanilide; zinc pyrithione; benzalkonium chloride; benzethonium chloride; sorbic acid; chlorhexidine; chlorhexidine gluconate; halocarban; hexachlorophene; hinokitiol; other hydroxybenzoic acid
  • the chelating agents include edetates (ethylenediaminetetraacetates), such as EDTA, EDTA2Na, EDTA3Na, and EDTA4Na; hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetates, such as HEDTA3Na; pentetate (diethylenetriaminepentaacetate); phytic acid; phosphonic acids, such as etidronic acid and salts thereof, such as a sodium salt; polyamino acids, such as polyaspartic acids and polyglutamic acids; sodium polyphosphates; sodium metaphosphate; phosphoric acid; sodium citrate; citric acid; alanine; dihydroxyethylglycine; gluconic acid; ascorbic acid; succinic acid; and tartaric acid.
  • edetates ethylenediaminetetraacetates
  • HEDTA3Na EDTA3Na
  • EDTA4Na hydroxyethylethylenediamine
  • pH adjusters Preferable examples of the pH adjusters, the acids, and the alkalis include citric acid, sodium citrate, lactic acid, sodium lactate, potassium lactate, glycolic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, sodium acetate, malic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, isopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propandiol, 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, arginine, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia water, guanidine carbonate, and ammonium carbonate.
  • the powder include inorganic powder having various sizes and shapes, such as mica, talc, kaolin, sericite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, isinglass, muscovite, phlogopite, synthetic mica, lepidolite, biotite, vermiculite, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, aluminum silicate, barium silicate, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, strontium silicate, metal salts of tungstic acid, magnesium, zeolite, barium sulfate, baked calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate, fluorapatite, hydroxyapatite, ceramic powder, bentonite, smectite, clay, mud, metal soap (such as zinc myristate, calcium palmitate, aluminum stearate), calcium carbonate, red iron oxide, yellow iron oxide, black iron oxide, ultramarine blue, Prussian blue, carbon black, titanium oxide, fine particles and ultrafine particles of titanium oxide, zinc oxide, fine particles and ultrafine
  • the inorganic salts include sodium chloride-containing salts, such as common salt, crude salt, rock salt, sea salt, and natural salt; potassium chloride; aluminum chloride; calcium chloride; magnesium chloride; bittern; zinc chloride; ammonium chloride; sodium sulfate; aluminum sulfate; aluminum potassium sulfate (alum); aluminum ammonium sulfate; barium sulfate; calcium sulfate; potassium sulfate; magnesium sulfate; zinc sulfate; iron sulfate; copper sulfate; sodium phosphates, such as 1Na, 2Na, and 3Na phosphoric acids; potassium phosphates; calcium phosphates; and magnesium phosphates.
  • sodium chloride-containing salts such as common salt, crude salt, rock salt, sea salt, and natural salt
  • potassium chloride aluminum chloride; calcium chloride; magnesium chloride; bittern
  • zinc chloride ammonium chloride
  • sodium sulfate
  • the ultraviolet absorbers include benzoic acid-based ultraviolet absorbers, such as p-aminobenzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid monoglycerin ester, N,N-dipropoxy-p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester, N,N-diethoxy-p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester, N,N-dimethyl-p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester, N,N-dimethyl-p-aminobenzoic acid butyl ester, and N,N-dimethyl-p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester; anthranilic acid-based ultraviolet absorbers, such as homomenthyl N-acetylanthranilate; salicylic acid-based ultraviolet absorbers, such as salicylic acid and sodium salt thereof, amyl salicylate, menthyl salicylate, homomenthyl salicylate, oct
  • the whitening agents include hydroquinone glycoside, such as arbutin and ⁇ -arbutin, and esters thereof; ascorbic acid derivatives, such as ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid phosphate ester salts such as ascorbic acid phosphate sodium salt and ascorbic acid phosphate magnesium salt, ascorbic acid fatty acid esters such as ascorbic acid tetraisopalmitate ester, ascorbic acid alkyl ethers such as ascorbic acid ethyl ether, ascorbic acid glucoside such as ascorbic acid-2-glucoside and fatty acid ester thereof, ascorbic acid sulfate ester, and ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate; kojic acid; ellagic acid, tranexamic acid and derivatives thereof; ferulic acid and derivatives thereof; placenta extract; glutathione; oryzanol; butyl resorcinol; and plant extracts, such as oil-soluble
  • vitamins and derivatives thereof include vitamin A, such as retinol, retinol acetate, and retinol palmitate; vitamin B group, such as thiamine hydrochloride salt, thiamine sulfate salt, riboflavin, riboflavin acetate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, pyridoxine dioctanoate, pyridoxine dipalmitate, flavin adenine dinucleotide, cyanocobalamin, folic acids, nicotinic acids, such as nicotinic-acid amide and benzyl nicotinate, and cholines; vitamin C group, such as ascorbic acid and salts thereof, such as a sodium salt; vitamin D; vitamin E group, such as ⁇ -, ⁇ -, ⁇ -, and ⁇ -tocopherols; other vitamins, such as pantothenic acid and biotin; ascorbic acid derivatives, such as ascorbic acid derivatives,
  • the hair growth drugs, the blood circulation accelerators, the stimulant include plant extracts/tinctures, such as Swertia japonica extract, capsicum tincture, ginger tincture, ginger extract, and cantharis tincture; capsaicin; nonylic acid vanillylamide; zingerone; ichthammol; tannic acid; borneol; cyclandelate; cinnarizine; tolazoline; acetylcholine; verapamil; cepharanthine; ⁇ -oryzanol; vitamin E and derivatives thereof, such as tocopherol nicotinate and tocopherol acetate; ⁇ -oryzanol; nicotinic acid and derivatives thereof, such as nicotinic amide, benzyl nicotinate ester, inositol hexanicotinate, and nicotinic alcohol; allantoin; photosensitive element 301; photosensitive element 401
  • hormones include estradiol, estrone, ethinylestradiol, cortisone, hydrocortisone, and prednisone.
  • other medical agents such as the anti-wrinkle agents, the anti-aging agents, the tightening agents, the cooling agents, the warming agents, the wound healing accelerators, the irritation reducing agents, the analgesics, and the cell activators, include retinols, retinoic acids, and tocopheryl retinoate; lactic acid, glycolic acid, gluconic acid, fruit acid, salicylic acid, and, for example, glycosides and esterified compounds thereof; ⁇ - or ⁇ -hydroxy acids and derivatives thereof, such as hydroxycapric acid, long-chain ⁇ -hydroxy fatty acid, and long-chain ⁇ -hydroxy fatty acid cholesteryl; ⁇ -amino butyric acid and ⁇ -amino- ⁇ -hydroxy butyric acid; carnitine; carnos
  • the plant/animal/microbial extracts include extracts, such as iris extract, Angelica keiskei extract, Thujopsis dolabrata extract, asparagus extract, avocado extract, Hydrangea serrata leaf extract, almond extract, althea extract, arnica extract, aloe extract, apricot extract, apricot kernel extract, Ginkgo biloba extract, Artemisia capillaris flower extract, fennel fruit extract, turmeric root extract, oolong tea extract, uva-ursi extract, Rosa multiflora fruit extract, Echinacea angustifolia leaf extract, isodon japonicus extract, Scutellaria baicalensis root extract, phellodendron bark extract, coptis rhizome extract, barley extract, panax ginseng extract, Hypericum erectum extract, Lamium album extract, Ononis spinosa extract, Nasturtium officinale extract, orange extract, dried sea water residues, sea weed extract, persimmon leaf extract
  • extracts
  • antipruritic agents examples include diphenhydramine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate, camphor, and a substance-P inhibitor.
  • corneum releasing/dissolving agents examples include salicylic acid, sulfur, resorcin, selenium sulfide, and pyridoxine.
  • antiperspirants examples include chlorohydroxyaluminum, aluminum chloride, zinc oxide, and zinc p-phenolsulfonate.
  • refrigerants examples include menthol and methyl salicylate.
  • astringent agents examples include citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, aluminum potassium sulfate, and tannic acid.
  • enzymes examples include superoxide dismutase, catalase, lysozyme chloride, lipase, papain, pancreatin, and protease.
  • nucleic acids include ribonucleic acids and salts thereof, deoxyribo nucleic acids and salts thereof, and adenosine triphosphate disodium.
  • fragrances include synthetic fragrances, natural fragrances, and various blended fragrances, such as acetyl cedrene, amylcinnamaldehyde, allyl amyl glycolate, ⁇ -ionone, Iso E Super, isobutylquinoline, iris oil, irone, indole, ylang ylang oil, undecanal, undecenal, ⁇ -undecalactone, estragole, eugenol, oakmoss, Opoponax resinoid, orange oil, eugenol, aurantiol, galaxolide, carvacrol, l-carvone, camphor, canon, carrot seed oil, clove oil, methyl cinnamate, geraniol, geranyl nitrile, isobornyl acetate, geranyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinyl acetate, styralyl acetate, cedryl
  • the dyestuffs, the colorants, the dyes, the pigments include legal dyestuffs, such as Brown No. 201, Black No. 401, Violet No. 201, Violet No. 401, Blue No. 1, Blue No. 2, Blue No. 201, Blue No. 202, Blue No. 203, Blue No. 204, Blue No. 205, Blue No. 403, Blue No. 404, Green No. 201, Green No. 202, Green No. 204, Green No. 205, Green No. 3, Green No. 401, Green No. 402, Red No. 102, Red No. 104-1, Red No. 105-1, Red No. 106, Red No. 2, Red No. 201, Red No. 202, Red No.
  • legal dyestuffs such as Brown No. 201, Black No. 401, Violet No. 201, Violet No. 401, Blue No. 1, Blue No. 2, Blue No. 201, Blue No. 202, Blue No. 203, Blue No. 204, Blue No.
  • Red No. 204 Red No. 205, Red No. 206, Red No. 207, Red No. 208, Red No. 213, Red No. 214, Red No. 215, Red No. 218, Red No. 219, Red No. 220, Red No. 221, Red No. 223, Red No. 225, Red No. 226, Red No. 227, Red No. 228, Red No. 230-1, Red No. 230-2, Red No. 231, Red No. 232, Red No. 3, Red No. 401, Red No. 404, Red No. 405, Red No. 501, Red No. 502, Red No. 503, Red No. 504, Red No. 505, Red No. 506, Orange No. 201, Orange No. 203, Orange No.
  • antiphlogistic agents and the antiinflammatory agents include glycyrrhizic acid and derivatives thereof, glycyrrhetic acid derivatives, salicylic acid derivatives, hinokitiol, guaiazulene, allantoin, indomethacin, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, loxoprofen, celecoxib, infliximab, etanercept, zinc oxide, hydrocortisone acetate, prednisone, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate, and plant extracts such as peach leaf extract and Artemisia princeps leaf extract.
  • the antiasthmatic agents, the anti-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease agents, the antiallergic agents, and the immunomodulators include aminophylline, theophyllines, steroids (such as fluticasone and beclomethasone), leukotriene antagonists, thromboxane inhibitors, Intal, ⁇ -2 stimulants (such as formoterol, salmeterol, albuterol, tulobuterol, clenbuterol, epinephrine), tiotropium, ipratropium, dextromethorphan, dimemorfan, bromhexine, tranilast, ketotifen, azelastine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, mequitazine, tacrolimus, cyclosporine, sirolimus, methotrexate, cytokine regulating agents, interferon, omalizumab, and protein/antibody formulations.
  • steroids such as fluticasone and beclomethas
  • the moisturizing base material can contain, in addition to the above-listed ingredients, known ingredients for cosmetics, pharmaceutical products, and foods, such as ingredients listed in, for example, the Japanese Standards of Cosmetic Ingredients, the Japanese Cosmetic Ingredients Codex, the Japan Cosmetic Industry Association's list of displayed names of ingredients, the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook (INCI Dictionary), the Japanese Standards of Quasi-drug Ingredients, the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, the Japanese Pharmaceutical Excipients, and the Japan's Specifications and Standards for Food Additives, and ingredients listed in patent publications and unexamined patent publications (including published and re-published Japanese translation of PCT international applications) of Japan and various other countries that are classified in classes A61K7 and A61K8 of the International Patent Classification (IPC), in known combinations and at known blending ratios or blending amounts.
  • IPC International Patent Classification
  • the transdermally absorbable base material of the present invention can be produced by mixing and stirring under heat, the lipid peptide compound including at least one of the compounds of Formulae (1) to (3) above or pharmaceutically usable salts thereof, the surfactant, the 1,2-alkanediol or the glycerin, at least one fatty acid, water, and furthermore, as desired, the oleaginous base material, the organic acid, and the other additives, and then leaving the mixture at rest to be cooled.
  • the premix for the transdermally absorbable base material can be produced in this production process, as will be described later.
  • the transdermally absorbable base material of the present invention is produced, as an example, by the following processes.
  • the oleaginous base material, the organic acid, and the other additives may be added in the preparation process of the solution or the dispersion liquid in the process a), or may be added in advance to the water to which the solution or the dispersion liquid is to be added in the process b).
  • the surfactant can be blended, instead of in the process a), in the subsequent process b).
  • the content of the water is preferably 50% by mass or higher and lower than 95% by mass with respect to the total mass of the obtained transdermally absorbable base material.
  • the content of the water is preferably 50% by mass or higher and lower than 80% by mass with respect to the total mass of the solution or the dispersion liquid obtained.
  • the heating temperature in the processes a) and b) is preferably from 50° C. to 90° C., and more preferably from 60° C. to 90° C., such as 80° C.
  • the mixture is preferably stirred while being heated. While the time of heating and stirring in each of the processes depends on the types and blending amounts of the lipid peptide compound, the surfactant, and other ingredients used, the dissolution or dispersion can be normally completed in roughly 5 minutes to 50 minutes.
  • the mixture is cooled while being stirred until the liquid temperature reaches a temperature lower than that in the process b) (process c)).
  • the cooling temperature in this process is, for example, roughly between room temperature and 80° C., between room temperature and 60° C., or between room temperature and 40° C.
  • the following describes a production method of the transdermally absorbable base material using the premix of the present invention.
  • the premix is produced through the process a) of [Production method of transdermally absorbable base material (1)] described above.
  • the lipid peptide compound including at least one of the compounds of Formulae (1) to (3) above or pharmaceutically usable salts thereof, the surfactant, the 1,2-alkanediol or the glycerin, at least one fatty acid, and water are mixed together, and are heated to prepare the solution or the dispersion liquid.
  • the oleaginous base material, the organic acid, and the other additives can be added as desired.
  • the premix can be obtained by cooling the solution or the dispersion liquid.
  • the temperature of the above-described heating is preferably from 50° C. to 90° C., and more preferably from 60° C. to 90° C., such as 80° C.
  • the mixture is preferably stirred while being heated. While the time of the heating (stirring) depends on the lipid peptide compound used, the types of the surfactant and other ingredients, and the blending amounts of these ingredients, the time is roughly 5 minutes to 50 minutes, after which the solution or the dispersion liquid in which the blended ingredients are dissolved or dispersed is obtained.
  • the solution or the dispersion liquid thus obtained is preferably cooled while being stirred to a temperature lower than the above-described heating temperature, for example, to a temperature roughly between room temperature and 80° C., between room temperature and 60° C., or between room temperature and 40° C., and then preferably stops being stirred to be left at rest.
  • the content of the water is preferably 50% by mass or higher and lower than 80% by mass with respect to the total mass of the obtained premix.
  • the premix thus obtained is useful as a premix for preparing the transdermally absorbable base material.
  • the transdermally absorbable base material can be easily prepared by blending water and other effective ingredients with the premix, as will be described later.
  • the transdermally absorbable base material can be produced through, for example, the following processes 1) to 3) using the premix of the present invention thus obtained.
  • the above-described aqueous phase contains water, can further contain the oleaginous base material, and may contain the organic acid and the other additives.
  • the transdermally absorbable base material blended with the organic acid can be produced through, for example, the following processes 4) to 7).
  • the above-described aqueous phase contains water, can further contain the oleaginous base material, and may further contain the other additives.
  • the heating temperature of the premix in the above-described processes 1) and 4) is preferably from 50° C. to 90° C., and more preferably from 60° C. to 90° C., such as 70° C. or 80° C. These processes are preferably performed while the stirring is performed. While the time of heating (stirring) in each of the processes depends on the types and blending amounts of the lipid peptide compound, the surfactant, and the other additives contained in the premix, the time is normally roughly 5 minutes to 50 minutes. These processes bring the premix into a uniformly dissolved state.
  • the heating temperature of the aqueous phase in the above-described processes 2) and 5) is preferably from 50° C. to 90° C., and more preferably from 60° C. to 90° C., such as 70° C. or 80° C.
  • the aqueous phase is preferably heated while being stirred, particularly if the aqueous phase contains the other ingredients, such as the oleaginous base material. If the aqueous phase contains the oleaginous base material and the other ingredients, the heating (stirring) is preferably performed normally for roughly 5 minutes to 50 minutes until these ingredients are uniformly dissolved or dispersed.
  • the heating temperature of the aqueous phase may be the same as that of the premix.
  • the mixture obtained in the previous process is cooled to form a gel.
  • the mixture may be cooled while being stirred.
  • the mixture is preferably stirred until the cooling temperature reaches, for example, a temperature between room temperature and 80° C. or between room temperature and 60° C., such as roughly 60° C., and then preferably stops being stirred to be left at rest and cooled.
  • the mixture preferably stops being stirred to be left at rest and cooled, particularly when the temperature is 50° C. or lower.
  • the above-described process 6) includes a process of adding a mixed solution of water and the organic acid to the mixture and further mixing the resultant mixture.
  • the mixed solution of water and the organic acid to be added preferably has roughly the same temperature as that of the mixture to which the mixed solution is to be added so as to achieve uniform mixing.
  • the mixed solution may contain the oleaginous base material and the other additives as desired, and may be heated (stirred) at an appropriate temperature until those ingredients are uniformly dissolved or dispersed.
  • the mixed solution of water and the organic acid having the liquid temperature of roughly 60° C. is added to the mixture, and further mixed to make the system of mixture uniform. Then, the mixture preferably stops being stirred to be left at rest and cooled to obtain the gel (transdermally absorbable base material).
  • the blending amount of the water is preferably 50% by mass or higher and lower than 95% by mass with respect to the total mass of the transdermally absorbable base material.
  • a lipid peptide used as a gelator in examples was synthesized using a method described below.
  • the solid obtained here was dissolved in a mixed solution of 600 g of water and 750 g of methanol. To the mixed solution, 30.5 mL (183.2 mmol) of 6N hydrochloric acid was added to neutralize the solution and precipitate a solid, which was then filtered. Then, the obtained solid was dissolved in a mixed solution of 120 g of tetrahydrofuran and 30 g of water at 60° C., and 150 g of ethyl acetate was added thereto. The mixture was cooled from 60° C. to 30° C. Then, the precipitated solid was collected by filtration.
  • the obtained solid was dissolved in a solvent of 120 g of tetrahydrofuran and 60 g of acetonitrile. The solution was heated to 60° C., stirred for 1 hour, then cooled, and filtered. The solid thus obtained was washed with 120 g of water, filtered, and then dried under reduced pressure to obtain 26.9 g of white crystals of a free form of N-palmitoyl-Gly-His (hereinafter, also simply called Pal-GH) (at a yield of 65%).
  • Pal-GH N-palmitoyl-Gly-His
  • the Pal-GH obtained in the synthesis example 1 above, 1,2-hexanediol, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, stearic acid, and water were weigh out so as to form a composition (% by mass) illustrated in Table 1, and charged into a sample tube (No. 7 manufactured by Maruemu Corporation). The mixture was heated and stirred at 80° C. to obtain a Pal-GH dispersion liquid (premix). The stirring was performed at 200 rpm using LABORATORY HIGH MIXER manufactured by AS ONE Corporation.
  • Phase A (premix prepared in Example 1) was weighed out into a sample tube No. 5, and heated in a water bath (at a set temperature of 85° C.) to be uniformly dissolved.
  • Phase B The ingredients of Phase B were weighed out into another Maruemu sample tube No. 5 having therein a stirrer chip, and heated in a water bath (at a set temperature of 85° C.). Phase A was added to Phase B, mixed while being heated and stirred for roughly 30 seconds. Then, the mixture was cooled while being stirred until the liquid temperature reached roughly 60° C.
  • Phase C For each of Examples 2 and 3, the ingredients of Phase C were weighed out into still another sample tube No. 5, and heated to a liquid temperature of roughly 60° C. When the liquid temperature of mixture of Phase A and Phase B described above reached 60° C., Phase C having a liquid temperature of roughly 60° C. was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for roughly 30 seconds, and then left at rest and cooled to be formed into a gel (transdermally absorbable base material).
  • Example 4 For each of Example 4 and Comparative Example 1, after the liquid temperature reached roughly 60° C., the mixture was left at rest and cooled to be formed into a gel (transdermally absorbable base material).
  • Example 1 Phase A Premix 5 5 50 50 1.0 wt % Carbopol * 4 Fluorescently-labeled 20 20 20 20 1.0 wt % hyaluronic acid aqueous solution * 5 1,3-butanediol * 6 20 20 Phase B Squalane * 7 10 1M NaOH * 8 2 10% Tween 20 5 aqueous solution * 9 Water 30 15 30 28 Phase C 40 wt % citric acid 25 25 solution * 10 * 4 manufactured by Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd. * 5 manufactured by Kewpie Corporation [product name: Hyalo-Oligo (registered trademark)] * 6 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.
  • Yucatan Micro Pig (YMP) skin by Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc. stored at ⁇ 80° C. was thawed at room temperature (roughly 25° C.), and was then subjected to the fat removal (to have a skin thickness of roughly 2 mm). Thus, the YMP skin of roughly 2 cm square was prepared.
  • the skin was taken out after 24 hours, and washed with an extractant [solution of PBS, acetonitrile, and methanol mixed at 2:1:1 (v/v/v)].
  • the liquid on the skin surface was wiped out with KimWipes (registered trademark).
  • the skin was cut into small pieces (16 pieces) with a utility knife, and put into a light-shielding microtube, to which 0.5 mL of the above-described extractant was added.
  • the mixture was stirred with a vortex mixer for three hours, and fluorescently-labeled hyaluronic acid in the skin was extracted.
  • the extracted solution thus obtained was filtered using a PTFE filter (0.45 ⁇ m), and then, the quantity of the fluorescently-labeled hyaluronic acid in the solution was determined using a fluorescence spectrometer LS-55 (manufactured by PerkinElmer, Inc.) (each calculated as the average value of three tests).
  • the fluorescence spectrometer measurement was made at an excitation wavelength of 495 nm and a measurement wavelength of 521 nm.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the results obtained.
  • the transdermally absorbable base material of the present invention is useful as a transdermally absorbable base material excellent in the transdermal absorbability thereof when the active ingredients, such as hyaluronic acid, are blended therewith.
  • transdermal absorbability was tested for the transdermally absorbable base material of the present invention or transdermally absorbable base materials containing an oleaginous component (isopropyl myristate (IPM)) of the present invention when insulin was blended as an active ingredient.
  • IPM isopropyl myristate
  • Commercially available insulin manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Corporation and the following prepared insulin were used as the fluorescently-labeled insulin.
  • Insulin/carbonic acid buffer 15 mg/mL was prepared as described below. 30 mg of insulin (insulin from bovine pancreas (lot number: 016K1256) manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Corporation) was dissolved in 2 mL of 0.1 M carbonic acid buffer (pH 9) over several days. 250 ⁇ L of FITC/DMSO (20 mg/mL) was prepared (FITC: fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate manufactured by Molecular Probes, Inc.). Under the shaded condition, a total of 250 ⁇ L of the FITC/DMSO solution was added 10 ⁇ L at a time while the insulin was slowly stirred. Under the shaded condition, the solution was reacted at 4° C. to 10° C. for roughly two nights.
  • the solution was refined using a PD-10 column, and an FITC-labeled insulin aqueous solution was obtained.
  • the protein density was calculated using a BCA assay; the FITC density was calculated using an absorbance method; and the labeling ratio was calculated.
  • Phase A (premix prepared in Example 1) was weighed out into a sample tube No. 5, and heated in a water bath (at a set temperature of 85° C.) to be uniformly dissolved.
  • Phase B The ingredients of Phase B were weighed out into another Maruemu sample tube No. 5 having therein a stirrer chip, and heated in a water bath (at a set temperature of 85° C.). Phase A was added to Phase B, mixed while being heated and stirred for roughly 30 seconds. Then, the mixture was cooled while being stirred until the liquid temperature reached roughly 60° C.
  • Phase C For each of Examples 6 and 7, the ingredients of Phase C were weighed out into still another sample tube No. 5, and heated to a liquid temperature of roughly 60° C. When the liquid temperature of (Phase A+Phase B) described above reached 60° C., Phase C having a liquid temperature of roughly 60° C. was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for roughly 30 seconds, and then left at rest and cooled to be formed into a gel (transdermally absorbable base material). Each of the prepared transdermally absorbable base materials contains 0.1% by mass of the fluorescently-labeled insulin (FITC-labeled insulin).
  • FITC-labeled insulin fluorescently-labeled insulin
  • Example Example Comparative Ingredient (g) 6 7 Example 2 Phase A Premix 5 5 1.0 wt % Carbopol * 11 50 Phase B 1 wt % FITC-labeled 10 10 10 insulin aqueous solution * 12 1,3-butanediol * 13 20 20 IPM * 14 10 1M NaOH * 15 0.5 10% Tween 20 aqueous 5 solution * 16 Water 55 40 39.5 Phase C 5 wt % Mg ascorbate 10 10 aqueous solution* 17 * 11 manufactured by Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd. [product name: Carbopol 940] * 12 FITC-labeled insulin manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Corporation * 13 manufactured by ITO, Inc.
  • Yucatan Micro Pig (YMP) skin by Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc. stored at ⁇ 80° C. was thawed at room temperature (roughly 25° C.), and was then subjected to the fat removal (to have a skin thickness of roughly 2 mm). Thus, the YMP skin of roughly 2 cm square was prepared.
  • the skin was taken out after 24 hours, and washed with the extractant [solution of PBS, acetonitrile, and methanol mixed at 2:1:1 (v/v/v)].
  • the liquid on the skin surface was wiped out with KimWipes (registered trademark).
  • the skin was cut into small pieces (16 pieces) with a utility knife, and put into a light-shielding microtube, to which 0.5 mL of the above-described extractant was added.
  • the mixture was stirred with the vortex mixer for three hours, and the fluorescently-labeled insulin in the skin was extracted.
  • 1 mL of the receiver solution of the Franz type diffusion cell was put into the light-shielding microtube.
  • the extracted solution thus obtained was filtered using a PTFE filter (0.20 ⁇ m), and then, the quantity of the fluorescently-labeled insulin in the solution was determined using the fluorescence spectrometer LS-55 (manufactured by PerkinElmer, Inc.) (each calculated as the average value of three tests).
  • the fluorescence spectrometer measurement was made at an excitation wavelength of 495 nm and a measurement wavelength of 521 nm.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the results obtained.
  • the transdermally absorbable base material of the present invention is useful as a transdermally absorbable base material excellent in the transdermal absorbability thereof when the active ingredients, such as insulin, are blended therewith.
  • Yucatan Micro Pig (YMP) skin by Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc. stored at ⁇ 80° C. was thawed at room temperature (roughly 25° C.), and was then subjected to the fat removal (to have a skin thickness of roughly 2 mm). Thus, the YMP skin of roughly 2 cm square was prepared.
  • the skin was taken out after 24 hours, and washed with the extractant [solution of PBS, acetonitrile, and methanol mixed at 2:1:1 (v/v/v)].
  • the liquid on the skin surface was wiped out with KimWipes (registered trademark).
  • KimWipes registered trademark
  • tape stripping of the YMP skin was conducted (for the first to tenth times, and eleventh to twentieth times).
  • each of the tapes after being subjected to the tape stripping was put in a light-shielding microtube, to which 1 mL of the above-described extractant was added.
  • the mixture was stirred with the vortex mixer for three hours, and the fluorescently-labeled insulin in the tape was extracted.
  • the YMP skin after being subjected to the tape stripping 20 times was cut into small pieces (16 pieces) with a utility knife, and put into a light-shielding microtube, to which 1 mL of the above-described extractant was added.
  • the mixture was stirred with the vortex mixer for three hours, and the fluorescently-labeled insulin in the skin was extracted.
  • the extracted solution thus obtained was filtered using a PTFE filter (0.45 ⁇ m), and then, the quantity of the fluorescently-labeled insulin in the solution was determined using the fluorescence spectrometer LS-55 (manufactured by PerkinElmer, Inc.) (each calculated as the average value of three tests).
  • the fluorescence spectrometer measurement was made at an excitation wavelength of 495 nm and a measurement wavelength of 521 nm.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the results obtained.
  • the results were obtained, showing that the transdermally absorbable base materials of Examples 6 and 7 surpass the transdermally absorbable base material of Comparative Example 2 in transdermal absorption of insulin.
  • the amount of insulin for the first to tenth times of the stripping was high, which suggested that the insulin penetrated to an upper layer portion of the stratum corneum.
  • the transdermally absorbable base material of the present invention is useful as a transdermally absorbable base material excellent in the transdermal absorbability thereof when the active ingredients, such as insulin, are blended therewith.
  • Phase A (premix prepared in Example 1) was weighed out into a sample tube No. 5, and heated in a water bath (at a set temperature of 85° C.) to be uniformly dissolved.
  • Phase B The ingredients of Phase B were weighed out into another Maruemu sample tube No. 5 having therein a stirrer chip, and heated in a water bath (at a set temperature of 85° C.). Phase A was added to Phase B, mixed while being heated and stirred for roughly 30 seconds. Then, the mixture was cooled while being stirred until the liquid temperature reached roughly 60° C.
  • Phase C For each of Examples 10 and 11, the ingredients of Phase C were weighed out into still another sample tube No. 5, and heated to a liquid temperature of roughly 60° C. When the liquid temperature of (Phase A+Phase B) described above reached 60° C., Phase C having a liquid temperature of roughly 60° C. was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for roughly 30 seconds, and then left at rest and cooled to be formed into a gel (transdermally absorbable base material).
  • transdermally absorbable base material contains 0.1% by mass of the fluorescently-labeled insulin (FITC-labeled insulin).
  • Example 3 Phase A Premix 5 5 1.0 wt % Carbopol * 18 50 Phase B 0.333 wt % FITC-labeled 30 30 30 insulin aqueous solution * 19 1,3-butanediol * 20 20 20 IPM * 21 10 1M NaOH * 22 0.5 10% Tween 20 aqueous 5 solution * 23 Water 35 20 19.5 Phase C 5 wt % Mg ascorbate 10 10 aqueous solution * 24 * 18 manufactured by Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd. [product name: Caibopol 940] * 19 FITC-labeled insulin prepared in Preparation Example 1 * 20 manufactured by ITO, Inc.
  • Yucatan Micro Pig (YMP) skin by Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc. stored at ⁇ 80° C. was thawed at room temperature (roughly 25° C.), and was then subjected to the fat removal (to have a skin thickness of roughly 2 mm). Thus, the YMP skin of roughly 2 cm square was prepared.
  • the skin was taken out after 24 hours, and washed with the extractant [solution of PBS, acetonitrile, and methanol mixed at 2:1:1 (v/v/v)].
  • the liquid on the skin surface was wiped out with KimWipes (registered trademark).
  • the skin was cut into small pieces (16 pieces) with a utility knife, and put into a light-shielding microtube, to which 0.5 mL of the above-described extractant was added.
  • the mixture was stirred with the vortex mixer for three hours, and the fluorescently-labeled insulin in the skin was extracted.
  • the extracted solution thus obtained was filtered using a PTFE filter (0.45 ⁇ m), and then, the quantity of the fluorescently-labeled insulin in the solution was determined using the fluorescence spectrometer LS-55 (manufactured by PerkinElmer, Inc.) (each calculated as the average value of three tests).
  • the fluorescence spectrometer measurement was made at an excitation wavelength of 495 nm and a measurement wavelength of 521 nm.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the results obtained.
  • the transdermally absorbable base material of the present invention is useful as a transdermally absorbable base material excellent in the transdermal absorbability thereof when the active ingredients, such as insulin, are blended therewith.
  • Example 13 and Comparative Example 4 Preparation of Transdermally Absorbable Base Material Using Premix
  • Phase A (premix prepared in Example 1) was weighed out into a sample tube No. 5, and heated in a water bath (at a set temperature of 85° C.) to be uniformly dissolved.
  • Phase B The ingredients of Phase B were weighed out into another Maruemu sample tube No. 5 having therein a stirrer chip, and heated in a water bath (at a set temperature of 85° C.). Phase A was added to Phase B, mixed while being heated and stirred for roughly 30 seconds. Then, the mixture was cooled while being stirred until the liquid temperature reached roughly 60° C.
  • Phase C The ingredients of Phase C were weighed out into still another sample tube No. 5, and heated to a liquid temperature of roughly 60° C. When the liquid temperature of mixture of Phase A and Phase B described above reached 60° C., Phase C having a liquid temperature of roughly 60° C. was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for roughly 30 seconds, and then left at rest and cooled to be formed into a gel (transdermally absorbable base material).
  • Phase B For Comparative Example 4, the ingredients of Phase B were weighed out into another Maruemu sample tube No. 5 having therein a stirrer chip, and heated in a water bath (at a set temperature of 85° C.). Phase B was mixed while being heated and stirred for roughly 30 seconds, and then cooled while being stirred until the liquid temperature reached roughly 60° C. After the liquid temperature reached roughly 60° C., Phase B was left at rest and cooled to be formed into a gel (transdermally absorbable base material). Each of the prepared transdermally absorbable base materials contains 0.1% by mass of the fluorescently-labeled insulin (FITC-labeled insulin).
  • FITC-labeled insulin fluorescently-labeled insulin
  • Example 13 Example 4 Phase A Premix 5 Phase B 0.333 wt % FITC-labeled 30 30 insulin aqueous solution * 25 1,3-butanediol * 26 20 Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether * 27 0.4 Water 35 69.6 Phase C 5 wt % Mg ascorbate aqueous 10 solution * 28 * 25 FITC-labeled insulin prepared in Preparation Example 1 * 26 manufactured by ITO, Inc. [product name: 13 Butimoist] * 27 Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether BL-4.2 3458 manufactured by Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd. * 28 L-ascorbic acid phosphate Mg, L-ascorbic acid phosphate ester magnesium salt manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.
  • Yucatan Micro Pig (YMP) skin by Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc. stored at ⁇ 80° C. was thawed at room temperature (roughly 25° C.), and was then subjected to the fat removal (to have a skin thickness of roughly 2 mm). Thus, the YMP skin of roughly 2 cm square was prepared.
  • the skin was taken out after 24 hours, and washed with the extractant [solution of PBS, acetonitrile, and methanol mixed at 2:1:1 (v/v/v)].
  • the liquid on the skin surface was wiped out with KimWipes (registered trademark).
  • the skin was cut into small pieces (16 pieces) with a utility knife, and put into a light-shielding microtube, to which 0.5 mL of the above-described extractant was added.
  • the mixture was stirred with the vortex mixer for three hours, and the fluorescently-labeled insulin in the skin was extracted.
  • the extracted solution thus obtained was filtered using a PTFE filter (0.45 ⁇ m), and then, the quantity of the fluorescently-labeled insulin in the solution was determined using the fluorescence spectrometer LS-55 (manufactured by PerkinElmer, Inc.) (each calculated as the average value of three tests).
  • the fluorescence spectrometer measurement was made at an excitation wavelength of 495 nm and a measurement wavelength of 521 nm.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the results obtained.
  • This premix did not contain the surfactant, which was added when the transdermally absorbable base material was prepared afterward.
  • Phase A (premix prepared in Example 15) was weighed out into a sample tube No. 5, and heated in a water bath (at a set temperature of 85° C.) to be uniformly dissolved.
  • Phase B The ingredients of Phase B were weighed out into another Maruemu sample tube No. 5 having therein a stirrer chip, and heated in a water bath (at a set temperature of 85° C.). Phase A was added to Phase B, mixed while being heated and stirred for roughly 30 seconds. Then, the mixture was cooled while being stirred until the liquid temperature reached roughly 60° C. After the liquid temperature reached roughly 60° C., the mixture was left standing as it was and cooled to be formed into a gel (transdermally absorbable base material). Each of the prepared transdermally absorbable base materials contains 0.1% by mass of the fluorescently-labeled insulin (FITC-labeled insulin).
  • FITC-labeled insulin fluorescently-labeled insulin
  • Example Example Comparative Ingredient (g) 16 17 Example 5 Phase A Premix 5 5 1.0 wt % Carbopol * 30 60 Phase B 0.3 wt % FITC-labeled 34 34 34 insulin aqueous solution * 31 3 wt % propylene glycol 10 10 alginate * 32 IPM * 33 10 1M NaOH * 34 0.47 10% Tween 20 aqueous 5 solution * 35 Water 51 36 5.53 * 30 manufactured by Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd. [product name: Carbopol 940] * 31 FITC-labeled insulin manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Corporation * 32 aqueous solution prepared using propylene glycol alginate manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.
  • Yucatan Micro Pig (YMP) skin by Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc. stored at ⁇ 80° C. was thawed at room temperature (roughly 25° C.), and was then subjected to the fat removal (to have a skin thickness of roughly 2 mm). Thus, the YMP skin of roughly 2 cm square was prepared.
  • the skin was taken out after 24 hours, and washed with the extractant [solution of PBS, acetonitrile, and methanol mixed at 2:1:1 (v/v/v)].
  • the liquid on the skin surface was wiped out with KimWipes (registered trademark).
  • the skin was cut into small pieces (16 pieces) with a utility knife, and put into a light-shielding microtube, to which 0.5 mL of the above-described extractant was added.
  • the mixture was stirred with the vortex mixer for three hours, and the fluorescently-labeled insulin in the skin was extracted.
  • I mL of the receiver solution of the Franz type diffusion cell was put into the light-shielding microtube.
  • the extracted solution thus obtained was filtered using a PTFE filter (0.20 ⁇ m), and then, the quantity of the fluorescently-labeled insulin in the solution was determined using the fluorescence spectrometer LS-55 (manufactured by PerkinElmer, Inc.) (each calculated as the average value of three tests).
  • the fluorescence spectrometer measurement was made at an excitation wavelength of 495 nm and a measurement wavelength of 521 nm.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the results obtained.
  • the transdermally absorbable base material of the present invention is useful as a transdermally absorbable base material excellent in the transdermal absorbability thereof when the active ingredients, such as insulin, are blended therewith.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the results (in FIG. 8 , Bright-field, FITC, and Merge represent a bright-field image, a fluorescence image, and a combined image thereof, respectively). From FIG. 8 , a state was observed where the use of the transdermally absorbable base material prepared in Example 6 caused the insulin to penetrate through intracellular pathways.
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the results (in FIG. 9 , Bright-field, FITC, and Merge represent a bright-field image, a fluorescence image, and a combined image thereof, respectively).
  • Yucatan Micro Pig (YMP) skin by Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc. stored at ⁇ 80° C. was thawed at room temperature (roughly 25° C.), and was then subjected to the fat removal (to have a skin thickness of roughly 2 mm). Thus, the YMP skin of roughly 2 cm square was prepared.
  • a receiver phase of the vertical Franz type diffusion cell (effective area: 0.785 cm 2 ), 4.0 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS of pH 7:4, stirred at 500 rpm) was added, and the above-described YMP skin (temperature of PBS on skin surface: 32.5° C.) was set. Then, air in the vertical Franz type diffusion cell was removed, and 1 mL of the PBS was added. Then, the gel (200 mg) prepared in Example 16 was added. After 24 hours, the gel was removed, and the YMP skin was subjected to permeation in a 4% paraformaldehyde fixative solution (manufactured by Muto Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd.) for 5 hours to be fixed.
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • the skin was placed in a plastic base mold, into which O. C. T. compound (manufactured by Sakura Finetek Japan Co., Ltd.) was added to freeze the skin with liquid nitrogen.
  • the skin was kept in a deep freezer ( ⁇ 80° C.).
  • a round chuck was attached to the frozen skin, which was cut out into a frozen section having a thickness of 12 ⁇ m using a cryostat microtome, and stuck onto a prepared slide.
  • Several drops of the PBS solution were dropped onto the prepared slide, and the O. C. T. compound was removed.
  • several drops of the PBS solution were dropped again, and a cover glass was set so as not to let air enter while the prepared slide was wet.
  • the prepared slide was observed with a fluorescence microscope.
  • the above-described operations were performed using only an insulin aqueous solution (containing 34 wt % of 0.3 wt % FITC-labeled insulin aqueous solution and 66 wt % of water) (200 mg) instead of the transdermally absorbable base material and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as a reference, and the prepared slides were observed with the fluorescence microscope.
  • an insulin aqueous solution containing 34 wt % of 0.3 wt % FITC-labeled insulin aqueous solution and 66 wt % of water
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • FIG. 10 illustrates fluorescence micrographs of the observed YMP skins (in FIG. 10 , Bright-field, FITC, and Merge represent a bright-field image, a fluorescence image, and a combined image thereof, respectively). It was found from FIG. 10 that the most intense fluorescence was emitted from the YMP skin to which the gel prepared in Example 16 was applied. This suggested that the insulin penetrated to the stratum corneum.

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US20150202586A1 (en) * 2012-06-25 2015-07-23 Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. Dispersion and method for forming hydrogel
US20180200173A1 (en) * 2015-06-24 2018-07-19 Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. Stick-shaped base material comprising lipid peptide compound
WO2022010559A1 (fr) * 2020-07-06 2022-01-13 Kemin Industries, Inc. Procédé de préparation de lysophosphatidylinositol

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CN107427440A (zh) * 2015-01-28 2017-12-01 国立大学法人九州大学 含有脂质肽型化合物的保湿基材
KR20190099208A (ko) * 2016-12-21 2019-08-26 닛산 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 스틱상 피부외용 고형기재
CN110114061A (zh) * 2016-12-28 2019-08-09 小林制药株式会社 外用组合物
WO2018190383A1 (fr) * 2017-04-12 2018-10-18 日産化学株式会社 Liquide de dispersion contenant un dispersant pour pigments ou poudres
EP3672565B1 (fr) * 2017-12-30 2023-11-01 Colgate-Palmolive Company Compositions de soin personnel
JPWO2022092284A1 (fr) * 2020-10-30 2022-05-05

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US5948855A (en) * 1999-01-12 1999-09-07 Dow Corning Corporation Water-in-oil-in water emulsion
WO2003061676A1 (fr) 2002-01-25 2003-07-31 Mariana De Oliveira Compositions et procedes de traitement de troubles cutanes
US8916682B2 (en) 2007-07-05 2014-12-23 Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. Lipid peptide and hydrogel
EP2180027B1 (fr) 2007-07-05 2011-10-26 Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. Nouvel agent de formation d'hydrogel sur la base de lipide-tripeptide et hydrogel
JP2012518606A (ja) * 2009-02-20 2012-08-16 ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー．ブイ． 新規組成物
WO2011052613A1 (fr) * 2009-10-26 2011-05-05 日産化学工業株式会社 Préparation cosmétique et externe pour la peau, et instrument médical
JP6516083B2 (ja) * 2013-06-05 2019-05-22 国立大学法人九州大学 経皮吸収基材

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US20150202586A1 (en) * 2012-06-25 2015-07-23 Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. Dispersion and method for forming hydrogel
US10421055B2 (en) * 2012-06-25 2019-09-24 Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. Dispersion and method for forming hydrogel
US20180200173A1 (en) * 2015-06-24 2018-07-19 Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. Stick-shaped base material comprising lipid peptide compound
WO2022010559A1 (fr) * 2020-07-06 2022-01-13 Kemin Industries, Inc. Procédé de préparation de lysophosphatidylinositol

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