US20180002787A1

US20180002787A1 - Aluminum alloy for die casting and aluminum-alloy die cast obtained therefrom

Info

Publication number: US20180002787A1
Application number: US15/543,133
Authority: US
Inventors: Atsuo KABURAGI; Satoshi MIYAJIRI; Naoto Oshiro
Original assignee: Daiki Aluminium Industry Co Ltd
Current assignee: Daiki Aluminium Industry Co Ltd
Priority date: 2015-01-29
Filing date: 2015-01-29
Publication date: 2018-01-04
Also published as: PL3216884T3; JP5797360B1; JPWO2016120905A1; EP3216884A1; EP3216884B1; CN107208196A; WO2016120905A1; EP3216884A4; MX2017007836A

Abstract

Provided are: an aluminum alloy for die casting, having castability equivalent to that of ADC12 and having high yield strength and high ductility; and an aluminum alloy die cast obtained through die-casting the alloy. That is, the aluminum alloy for die casting according to the present invention contains: Si by more than 6.00 wt % and less than 6.50 wt %; Mg by 0.10 to 0.50 wt %; Fe by not more than 0.30 wt %; Mn by 0.30 to 0.60 wt %; Cr by 0.10 to 0.30 wt %; and Al and unavoidable impurities as a remaining portion of the aluminum alloy.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy for die casting having improved yield strength and ductility, and an aluminum alloy die cast produced using the alloy.

BACKGROUND ART

Aluminum alloys are lightweight and are excellent in moldability and mass productivity, and therefore are widely used as materials for components in various fields such as automobiles, industrial machines, aircrafts, and electrical home appliances.
For use in automobiles, many components using aluminum alloys are adopted for the purpose of reducing the weight of an automobile body. Meanwhile, with increase in the number of components for which use of aluminum alloys is considered, existing aluminum alloys cannot satisfy mechanical properties required of these components in some cases.
Under such circumstances, as a technology for solving the above problem, for example, Patent Literature 1 described below discloses an aluminum alloy for casting that contains: silicon by 5.0 to 11.0%; magnesium by 0.2 to 0.8%; chromium by 0.3 to 1.5%; and iron by not more than 1.2%, and that has a high elongation percentage, as a material suitable for components requiring high elongation, such as disc wheels of automobiles.
According to this technology, it is possible to provide an aluminum alloy for casting that has high elongation while containing iron as an impurity.

CITATION LIST

Patent Literature

[PTL 1] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. S52-126609

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

Technical Problem

However, in the above-described conventional technology, it is not certain whether the aluminum alloy is applicable to components requiring higher elongation and high yield strength, such as engine mounts, and it is difficult to say that the aluminum alloy has suitability for die casting that enables mass production of fine components such as engine mounts.
Thus, a main objective of the present invention is to provide: an aluminum alloy for die casting having castability equivalent to that of ADC12 that is an Al—Si—Cu based alloy for die casting specified by Japanese Industrial Standards JIS H5302 (hereinafter simply referred to as “ADC12”), and having high yield strength and high ductility; and an aluminum alloy die cast produced using the alloy.

Solution to Problem

A first aspect of the present invention is an aluminum alloy for die casting containing: Si by more than 6.00 wt % and less than 6.50 wt %; Mg by 0.10 to 0.50 wt %; Fe by not more than 0.30 wt %; Mn by 0.30 to 0.60 wt %; Cr by 0.10 to 0.30 wt %; and Al and unavoidable impurities as a remaining portion of the aluminum alloy.
In this aspect, Si is contained as a main component by more than 6.00 wt % and less than 6.50 wt % to minimize reduction in elongation while maintaining fluidity during die casting, and the content ratio of Fe, which significantly affects elongation of the alloy, is reduced to not more than 0.30 wt %, and further, Mn, which has an effect to improve anti-seizing characteristic and elongation of the alloy during die casting, is contained by 0.30 to 0.60 wt %. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an alloy having: suitability for die casting equivalent to that of ADC12; yield strength equivalent to that of ADC12; and elongation significantly higher than that of ADC12.
As described above, in the present invention, by simply containing the five types of elemental components at the predetermined ratio, an ingot of an aluminum alloy for die casting having not only excellent castability for die casting but also excellent mechanical properties, especially elongation (ductility) and yield strength, can be produced safely and easily.
With respect to the aluminum alloy for die casting according to the present invention, preferably, at least one selected from Na, Sr, and Ca is added by 30 to 200 ppm, or Sb is added by 0.05 to 0.20 wt %. By doing so, it is possible to reduce the size of particles of eutectic Si and further improve strength and toughness of the aluminum alloy.
In addition, adding Ti by 0.05 to 0.30 wt % or adding B by 1 to 50 ppm is also preferable. By doing so, crystal grains of the aluminum alloy can be miniaturized even when the amount of Si is particularly small or when a casting method having a low cooling rate is used. As a result, elongation of the aluminum alloy can be improved.
A second aspect of the present invention is an aluminum alloy die cast obtained through die-casting the aluminum alloy for die casting according to the first aspect.
Since the aluminum alloy die cast obtained through die-casting the aluminum alloy for die casting according to the present invention can be mass produced with satisfactory castability and is superior in yield strength and elongation, the aluminum alloy die cast is most suitable for structural components for automobiles, especially components such as engine mounts.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide: an aluminum alloy for die casting, having castability equivalent to that of ADC12 and high yield strength and high ductility; and an aluminum alloy die cast produced using the alloy.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows graphs representing the relationships between the amount of Mn in aluminum alloys for die casting according to Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention, and mechanical properties of the alloys, in which FIG. 1(a) represents the relationship between the amount of Mn and elongations of the alloys, and FIG. 1(b) represents the relationship between the amount of Mn and 0.2%-yield strengths of the alloys.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

In the following, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with specific examples.
An aluminum alloy for die casting of the present invention (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “aluminum alloy”) mainly contains: Si (silicon) by more than 6.00 wt % and less than 6.50 wt %; Mg (magnesium) by 0.10 to 0.50 wt %; Fe (iron) by not more than 0.30 wt %; Mn (manganese) by 0.30 to 0.60 wt %; Cr (chromium) by 0.10 to 0.30 wt %; and Al (aluminum) and unavoidable impurities as a remaining portion of the aluminum alloy. Hereinafter, the properties of each of the elements will be described.
Si (silicon) is an important element that contributes to improvement of fluidity, reduction in liquidus temperature, and the like when the aluminum alloy is molten, thereby to improve castability.
The content ratio of Si with respect to the whole weight of the aluminum alloy is preferably within a range of more than 6.00 wt % and less than 6.50 wt % as described above. When the content ratio of Si is not more than 6.00 wt %, melting temperature and casting temperature of the aluminum alloy increase, and sufficient fluidity cannot be ensured during die casting since fluidity of the aluminum alloy reduces when the aluminum alloy is molten. On the other hand, when the content ratio of Si is more than 6.50 wt %, elongation of the obtained alloy is reduced although sufficient fluidity can be ensured during die casting.
Mg (magnesium) mainly exists as Mg₂Si or in a solid-solution state in an Al base material in the aluminum alloy, and is a component that provides 0.2%-yield strength and tensile strength to the aluminum alloy, but, when being contained by an excessive amount, has an adverse effect on castability and elongation of the alloy.
The content ratio of Mg with respect to the whole weight of the aluminum alloy is preferably within a range of 0.10 to 0.50 wt % as described above. The presence of Mg within the above range can improve mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy such as yield strength and tensile strength, without greatly affecting castability and elongation of the alloy. When the blending ratio of Mg is more than 0.50 wt %, elongation of the alloy is reduced, which results in degraded quality of an aluminum alloy die cast produced by using the alloy.
Fe (iron) is known to have a seizing prevention effect during die casting. However, Fe causes crystallization of a needle like crystal in the form of Al—Si—Fe, significantly reduces elongation of the aluminum alloy, and, when being added in a large quantity, causes melting at a suitable temperature to be difficult.
The content ratio of Fe with respect to the whole weight of the aluminum alloy is preferably not more than 0.30 wt % as described above. When the content ratio of Fe is more than 0.30 wt %, elongation of the alloy is remarkably reduced although the seizing prevention effect is sufficient.
Mn (manganese) is used mainly for preventing seizing of the aluminum alloy and a mold during casting.
The blending ratio of Mn with respect to the whole weight of the aluminum alloy is preferably within a range of 0.30 to 0.60 wt % as described above, and more preferably within a range of 0.40 to 0.60 wt %. When the blending ratio of Mn is less than 0.30 wt %, seizing will occur between the aluminum alloy and a mold during die casting. On the other hand, when the blending ratio of Mn is more than 0.60 wt %, elongation of the alloy is reduced although the problem of seizing does not occur during die casting.
In the aluminum alloy of the present invention, since the blending ratio of Mn up to 0.60 wt % is accepted with respect to the weight of the whole alloy as described above, an Al—Mn based scrap having high Mn content, as in the case with aluminum can recycled materials, can be used as a part of the raw material for the alloy.
Cr (chromium) mainly exists in a molten state when the aluminum alloy is molten, and when the aluminum alloy is solid, exists in a solid-solution state in an Al phase or in a crystallized state as an Al—Si—Cr phase or an Al—Si—Cr—Fe phase. Cr is used for preventing seizing of the aluminum alloy and a mold during die casting.
The blending ratio of Cr with respect to the whole weight of the aluminum alloy is preferably within the range of 0.10 to 0.30 wt % as described above. When the blending ratio of Cr is less than 0.10 wt %, seizing will occur between the aluminum alloy and a mold during die casting. On the other hand, when the blending ratio of Cr is more than 0.30 wt %, elongation of the aluminum alloy is rapidly reduced although seizing during die casting is solved.
When the content ratios of Si, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Cr are adjusted in accordance with the content ratios described above, it is possible to obtain a base metal of an aluminum alloy for die casting having castability equivalent to that of ADC12, and having high yield strength and high ductility.
In the above-described aluminum alloy for die casting in an as-cast state, elongation (breaking elongation) thereof is preferably not less than 11%, and at the same time, 0.2%-yield strength thereof is preferably not less than 125 MPa. An aluminum alloy for die casting having such mechanical properties is particularly suitable as a die-cast material for engine mounts of automobiles.
In addition to the elemental components described above, at least one element selected from Na (sodium), Sr (strontium), Ca (calcium), and Sb (antimony) may be added as a modification material. By adding such a modification material, it is possible to reduce the size of eutectic Si particles, and further improve toughness and strength of the aluminum alloy.
The addition ratio of the modification material with respect to the whole weight of the aluminum alloy is preferably within a range of 30 to 200 ppm when the modification material is Na, Sr, and Ca, and within a range of 0.05 to 0.20 wt % when the modification material is Sb. When the addition ratio of the modification material is less than 30 ppm (0.05 wt % in the case with Sb), miniaturizing eutectic Si particles in the aluminum alloy becomes difficult, whereas when the addition ratio of the modification material is more than 200 ppm (0.20 wt % in the case with Sb), eutectic Si particles in the aluminum alloy are sufficiently miniaturized, and no further addition effect can be obtained even when the added amount is increased.
Furthermore, at least one of Ti (titanium) and B (boron) may be added instead of or together with the modification material. By adding at least one of Ti and B in such manner, crystal grains of the aluminum alloy are miniaturized, and elongation of the alloy can be improved. It should be noted that such an advantageous effect becomes significant when the amount of Si is particularly small or when a casting method having a low cooling rate is used.
The addition ratios of Ti and B with respect to the whole weight of the aluminum alloy are preferably within a range of 0.05 to 0.30 wt % and a range of 1 to 50 ppm, respectively. When the addition ratio of Ti is less than 0.05 wt % or the addition ratio of B is less than 1 ppm, miniaturizing the crystal grains in the aluminum alloy becomes difficult, whereas when the addition ratio of Ti is more than 0.30 wt % or the addition ratio of B is more than 50 ppm, the crystal grains in the aluminum alloy are sufficiently miniaturized, and no further addition effect can be obtained even when the added amount is increased.
When the aluminum alloy for die casting according to the present invention is to be produced, first, a raw material designed to contain, at the predetermined ratio described above, each of the elemental components of Al, Si, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Cr is prepared. Next, the raw material is placed in a melting furnace such as a sealed melting furnace or a melting furnace with a fore hearth to melt the raw material. The molten raw material, i.e., the molten metal of the aluminum alloy is subjected to refinement treatments such as a dehydrogenation treatment and an inclusion removal treatment, if necessary. Then, the refined molten metal is casted in a predetermined mold and solidified in order to form the molten metal of the aluminum alloy into an alloy base metal ingot or the like.
Furthermore, after producing the aluminum alloy die cast using the aluminum alloy for die casting according to the present invention, a solution treatment and an aging treatment, etc., are performed if necessary. By performing the solution treatment and the aging treatment on the aluminum alloy die cast in such manner, mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy cast can be improved.

EXAMPLES

In the following, the present invention will be described specifically by means of Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the Examples.
Mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation, and 0.2%-yield strength) in predetermined Examples and Comparative Examples were measured by a method described below. Specifically, by using an ordinary die casting machine (DC135EL manufactured by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd.) having a clamping force of 135 ton, die casting was performed at an injection speed of 1.0 m/s with a casting pressure of 60 MPa to produce a round bar test piece that is in compliance with ASTM (American Society for Testing and Material) standard. Then, tensile strength, elongation (breaking elongation), and 0.2%-yield strength were measured for the round bar test piece in an as-cast state by using a universal testing machine (AG-IS 100kN) manufactured by Shimadzu Corp.
A solid emission spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific (registered trademark) ARL 4460) manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. was used for component analysis of the round bar test piece produced by die casting.
Further, in order to evaluate castability of each alloy, fluidity of the molten metal and presence/absence of seizing to a mold (anti-seizing characteristic) during the die casting were visually observed, and were evaluated in three grades of ∘ (good), Δ (fair), x (poor).
Table 1 shows elemental compositions, mechanical properties, and suitabilities for die casting of aluminum alloys, which are the objects of the present invention, in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Comparative Example 1 corresponds to ADC12 that is widely used as an aluminum alloy for die casting.

TABLE 1

Table 1-(1). Elemental compositions of Examples and Comparative Examples

Elemental composition (wt %)

	Cu	Si	Mg	Fe	Mn	Cr

Example 1	0.00	6.17	0.35	0.19	0.41	0.20
Example 2	0.01	6.24	0.36	0.19	0.60	0.20
Comparative Example 1	1.79	10.41	0.27	1.28	0.19	0.04
Comparative Example 2	0.01	6.24	0.34	0.19	0.01	0.20
Comparative Example 3	0.01	6.21	0.35	0.19	0.21	0.20

Table 1-(2). Physical property measurement results and castability evaluation results of

Examples and Comparative Examples

Physical property measurement result

	Tensile		0.2%-yield
	strength	Elongation	strength		Anti-seizing
	(MPa)	(%)	(MPa)	Fluidity	characteristic

Example 1	274	11.9	126	∘	∘
Example 2	280	11.9	127	∘	∘
Comparative	313	2.4	155	∘	∘
Example 1
Comparative	265	11.1	117	∘	x
Example 2
Comparative	273	11.4	123	∘	Δ
Example 3

According to Table 1, when Examples 1 and 2, which are alloys of the present invention, are compared with Comparative Example 1 corresponding to ADC12, it is found that elongations of the alloys of Examples 1 and 2 are significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1 corresponding to ADC12 although both have equivalent castability (i.e., suitability for die casting).
Further, when Examples 1 and 2 are compared with Comparative Examples 2 and 3 in which only the content ratios of Mn are different from those of Examples 1 and 2, it is found from FIG. 1 and Table 1 that, with 0.3 wt % of Mn being a boundary, Examples 1 and 2 containing more than 0.3 wt % of Mn are able to effectively prevent seizing during die casting, and have improved elongations and 0.2%-yield strengths of the alloys.

Claims

1. An aluminum alloy for die casting comprising: Si by more than 6.00 wt % and less than 6.50 wt %; Mg by 0.10 to 0.50 wt %; Fe by not more than 0.30 wt %; Mn by 0.30 to 0.60 wt %; Cr by 0.10 to 0.30 wt %; and Al and unavoidable impurities as a remaining portion of the aluminum alloy.

2. The aluminum alloy for die casting according to claim 1, wherein at least one selected from Na, Sr, and Ca is added by 30 to 200 ppm.

3. The aluminum alloy for die casting according to claim 1, wherein Sb is added by 0.05 to 0.20 wt %.

4. The aluminum alloy for die casting according to claim 1, wherein Ti is added by 0.05 to 0.30 wt %.

5. The aluminum alloy for die casting according to claim 1, wherein B is added by 1 to 50 ppm.

6. An aluminum alloy die cast obtained through die-casting the aluminum alloy for die casting according to claim 1.