US20170114673A1 - Supercritical co2 generation system applying recuperator per each heat source - Google Patents

Supercritical co2 generation system applying recuperator per each heat source Download PDF

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US20170114673A1
US20170114673A1 US15/298,837 US201615298837A US2017114673A1 US 20170114673 A1 US20170114673 A1 US 20170114673A1 US 201615298837 A US201615298837 A US 201615298837A US 2017114673 A1 US2017114673 A1 US 2017114673A1
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working fluid
turbine
passing
heat exchanger
recuperator
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US10287926B2 (en
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Hak Soo Kim
Sang Hyeun KIM
Jun Tae JANG
Song Hun CHA
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Doosan Heavy Industries and Construction Co Ltd
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Doosan Heavy Industries and Construction Co Ltd
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Assigned to DOOSAN HEAVY INDUSTRIES & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD reassignment DOOSAN HEAVY INDUSTRIES & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHA, Song Hun, JANG, JUN TAE, KIM, HAK SOO, KIM, SANG HYEUN
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/006—Auxiliaries or details not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/32—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/38—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of turbine type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
    • F22D1/32—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines

Definitions

  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to a supercritical CO 2 generation system, and more particularly, to a supercritical CO 2 generation system applying a recuperator per each heat source.
  • the supercritical CO 2 has a density similar to a liquid state and viscosity similar to gas, such that apparatuses may be miniaturized and power consumption required to compress and circulate a fluid may be minimized. Meanwhile, the supercritical CO 2 having a critical point of 31.4° C. and 72.8 atmosphere are much lower than water having a critical point of 373.95° C. and 217.7 atmosphere and therefore may very easily be handled.
  • the supercritical CO 2 generation system may show pure power generation efficiency of about 45% when being operated at 550° C. and have at least 20% increase in power generation efficiency compared to that of the existing steam cycle and reduce a size of a turbo apparatus to a level of 1: tens.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. 2012-145092 (Published on Aug. 02, 2012)
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a supercritical CO 2 generation system capable of effectively operating a system applying a recuperator per each heat source.
  • a supercritical CO 2 generation system including: a pump configured to circulate a working fluid; plural heat exchangers configured to heat the working fluid using an external heat source; plural turbines configured to be driven by the working fluid heated by passing through the heat exchanger; and plural recuperators configured to exchange heat between the working fluid passing through the turbine and the working fluid passing through the pump to cool the working fluid passing through the turbine and heat the working fluid passing through the pump, in which in at least one of the heat exchangers, an inlet end into which the external heat source is introduced is provided with a high temperature part and an outlet end to which the external heat source is discharged is provided with a low temperature part.
  • the supercritical CO 2 generation system may further include: a high-temperature transfer tube and a low-temperature transfer tube configured to supply the working fluid to the high temperature part and the low temperature part.
  • the number of recuperators may be equal to the number of heat exchangers.
  • the turbine may include a low temperature turbine driving the pump and a high temperature turbine driving a power generator and branch an integrated flux mt 0 of the working fluids passing through the low temperature turbine and the high temperature turbine and supply the integrated flux to the plural recuperators.
  • the heat exchanger may included first heat exchanger to third heat exchanger, the recuperator includes first to third recuperators, a front end of the pump may be provided with a cooler cooling the working fluid passing through the recuperator, and the first and second heat exchangers may include the high temperature part and the low temperature part.
  • the first recuperator may be disposed between the low-temperature transfer tube and the high-temperature transfer tube.
  • the second heat exchanger and the second recuperator may be disposed in parallel, the working fluids passing through the cooler and the pump may be branched to the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the second recuperator, and the third recuperator.
  • Some of the working fluid passing through the pump may be heated by sequentially passing through the low temperature part of the first heat exchanger, the first recuperator, and the high temperature part of the first heat exchanger to be supplied to the turbine.
  • Some of the working fluid passing through the pump may be branched to the low temperature part of the second heat exchanger and the second recuperator and the working fluid heated by passing through the second recuperator may be mixed with the working fluid heated by passing through the low temperature part of the second heat exchanger and heated by passing through the high temperature part of the second heat exchanger to be supplied to the turbine.
  • Some of the working fluid passing through the pump may be heated by the third recuperator and then heated by passing through the third heat exchanger to be supplied to the turbine.
  • the working fluid branched to the first to third recuperators by passing through the turbine may be cooled by the first to third recuperators to be introduced into the cooler.
  • a supercritical CO 2 generation system including: a pump configured to circulate a working fluid; plural heat exchangers configured to heat the working fluid using an external heat source; a low temperature turbine and a high temperature turbine configured to be driven by the working fluid heated by passing through the heat exchanger, the low temperature turbine driving the pump and the high temperature turbine driving a power generator; plural recuperators configured to exchange heat between the working fluid passing through the low temperature turbine or the high temperature turbine and the working fluid passing through the pump to cool the working fluid passing through the low temperature turbine or the high temperature turbine and heat the working fluid passing through the pump; and plural control valves configured to be provided at outlet ends of the low temperature turbine and the high temperature turbine, respectively, to control a flux of the working fluid passing through the low temperature turbine or the high temperature turbine, in which in at least one of the heat exchangers, an inlet end into which the external heat source is introduced is provided with a high temperature part and an outlet end to which the external heat source is discharged is provided with a low temperature
  • the supercritical CO 2 generation system may further include: a high-temperature transfer tube and a low-temperature transfer tube configured to supply the working fluid to the high temperature part and the low temperature part.
  • the number of recuperators may be equal to the number of heat exchangers.
  • the transfer tubes of the working fluids at which the control valves provided at the outlet end of the low temperature turbine are installed may be connected to the transfer tubes of the working fluids at which the control valves provided at the outlet end of the high temperature turbine are installed.
  • the heat exchanger may include first heat exchanger to third heat exchanger, the recuperator may include first to third recuperators, a front end of the pump may be provided with a cooler cooling the working fluid passing through the recuperator, and the first and second heat exchangers may include the high temperature part and the low temperature part.
  • the first recuperator may be disposed between the low-temperature transfer tube and the high-temperature transfer tube.
  • the second heat exchanger and the second recuperator may be disposed in parallel, and the working fluids passing through the cooler and the pump may be branched to the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the second recuperator, and the third recuperator.
  • Some of the working fluid passing through the pump may be heated by sequentially passing through the low temperature part of the first heat exchanger, the first recuperator, and the high temperature part of the first heat exchanger to be supplied to the turbine, some of the working fluid passing through the pump may be branched to the low temperature part of the second heat exchanger and the second recuperator and the working fluid heated by passing through the second recuperator may be mixed with the working fluid heated by passing through the low temperature part of the second heat exchanger and heated by passing through the high temperature part of the second heat exchanger to be supplied to the turbine, and some of the working fluid passing through the pump may be heated by the third recuperator and then heated by passing through the third heat exchanger to be supplied to the turbine.
  • the working fluid branched to the first to third recuperators by passing through the turbine may be cooled by the first to third recuperators to be introduced into the cooler.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a supercritical CO 2 generation system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a supercritical CO 2 generation system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the supercritical CO 2 generation system forms a closed cycle in which CO 2 used for power generation is not emitted to the outside and uses the supercritical CO 2 as a working fluid.
  • the supercritical CO 2 generation system uses the CO 2 as the working fluid and therefore may use exhaust gas emitted from a thermal power plant, etc., such that it may be used in a single generation system and a hybrid generation system with the thermal generation system.
  • the working fluid of the supercritical CO 2 generation system may also supply CO 2 separated from the exhaust gas and may also supply separate CO 2 .
  • the supercritical CO 2 (hereinafter, working fluid) within the cycle passes through a pump and then is heated while passing through a heat source such as a heater to be in a high temperature and pressure state, thereby driving a turbine.
  • the turbine is connected to a power generator and the power generator is driven by the turbine to produce power.
  • the working fluid used to produce power is cooled while passing through a heat exchanger and the cooled working fluid is again supplied to the pump and is circulated within the cycle.
  • the turbine or the heat exchanger may be provided in plural.
  • the present invention proposes a supercritical CO 2 generation system which includes plural heaters using waste heat gas as a heat source and operates the recuperators equal to smaller than the number of heat sources by effectively disposing each heat exchanger depending on conditions such as temperature of an inlet and an outlet and capacity and the heat source and the number of heat sources.
  • the supercritical CO 2 generation system is used as a meaning including a system that all the working fluids flowing within the cycle are in the supercritical state and a system that most of the working fluids are in the supercritical state and the rest of the working fluids are in a subcritical state.
  • the CO 2 is used as the working fluid.
  • the CO 2 is used as a meaning including pure CO 2 in a chemical meaning, CO 2 somewhat including impurities in general terms, and a fluid in a state in which more than one fluid as additives is mixed with CO 2 .
  • the low temperature, the middle temperature, and the high temperature have a relative meaning and it is to be noted that that they are not understood as having the meaning that temperature higher than a specific temperature as a reference value is a high temperature and temperature lower than that is a low temperature.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a supercritical CO 2 generation system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • a supercritical CO 2 generation system may be configured to include a pump 100 configured to pass through the working fluid, plural recuperators and plural heat exchangers configured to exchange heat with the working fluid passing through the pump 100 , plural turbines configured to be driven by the working fluid heated by passing through the recuperators and the heat exchangers, a power generator 450 configured to be driven by the turbines, and a cooler 500 configured to cool the working fluid introduced into the pump 100 .
  • Fluxes of each of the working fluids passing through the plural turbines are merged into one (hereinafter, integrated flux) and then supplied to the recuperator or the heat exchanger.
  • Each of the components of the present invention is connected to each other by a transfer tube 10 through which the working fluid flows and unless specially mentioned, it is to be understood that the working fluid flows along the transfer tube 10 .
  • the integrated configuration may include a part or an area actually serving as the transfer tube 10 . Therefore, even in this case, it is to be understood that the working fluid flows along the transfer tube 10 .
  • a channel performing a separate function will be described additionally.
  • a channel performing a separate function will be described additionally.
  • the pump 100 is driven by a low temperature turbine 410 to be described below and serves to transmit the low-temperature working fluid cooled by passing through the cooler 500 to the recuperator or the heater.
  • the recuperator exchanges heat between the working fluid cooled from the high temperature to the middle temperature while being expanded by passing through the turbine and the working fluid passing through the pump 100 .
  • the working fluid passing through the turbine is primarily cooled by the recuperator and the working fluid passing through the pump 100 is primarily heated by the recuperator.
  • the recuperator is provided in plural and the cooling fluid passing through the turbine is appropriately distributed depending on driving conditions of the system and supplied. Inlet ends of each recuperator into which the cooling fluid passing through the turbine is introduced may be provided with control valves v 1 , v 2 , and v 3 .
  • the working fluid primarily cooled by the recuperator is transferred to the cooler 500 , secondarily cooled, and then transferred to the pump 100 .
  • the working fluid transferred to the recuperator through the pump 100 exchanges heat with the working fluid passing through the turbine to be primarily heated and is supplied to the heat exchanger to be described below.
  • the working fluid first passes through the heat source via the pump 100 and then passes through the recuperator.
  • the inlet end of the transfer tube 10 into which the working fluid transferred from the pump 100 to the recuperator or the heat source is introduced may be provided with control valves v 4 and v 7 .
  • the number of recuperators is equal to the number of heat sources, but the exemplary embodiment of the present invention will describe an example in which the recuperator is provided in three corresponding to the number of heat sources (this will be described below).
  • the heat exchanger heats the working fluid using the external heat source and is provided in plural.
  • the present specification will describe an example in which a first heat exchanger 310 and a second heat exchanger 330 as a heat source without emission regulations and a third heat exchanger 350 as a heat source with emission regulations are provided.
  • the meaning that there are the emission regulations stands for that there is a restrictive temperature upon the emission of waste heat gas.
  • the first heat exchanger 310 and the second heat exchanger 330 uses gas (hereinafter, waste heat gas) having waste heat like exhaust gas as the heat source and are a heat source without the emission regulations upon the emission of the waste heat gas.
  • waste heat gas gas having waste heat like exhaust gas
  • the first heat exchanger 310 and the second heat exchanger 330 exchanges heat between the waste heat gas and the working fluid to serve to heat the working fluid.
  • the heat source without the emission regulation conditions may correspond to, for example, an AQC waste heat condition, etc.
  • an area of the inlet end into which the waste heat gas is introduced has a relatively higher temperature than an area of an outlet end to which the waste heat gas is discharged.
  • a high temperature area is defined as high temperature parts 314 and 334 and a low temperature area is defined as low temperature parts 312 and 332 and the structure in which the working fluid is circulated via the low temperature parts 312 and 332 and the high temperature parts 314 and 334 of the first heat exchanger 310 and the second heat exchanger 330 is formed.
  • the third heat exchanger 350 is the heat source with the emission regulations upon the emission of the waste heat gas. The waste heat gas from which the heat is taken away by the third heat exchanger 350 exchanges heat up to be cooled at a temperature meeting the emission regulation condition and then exits the third heat exchanger 350 .
  • the first recuperator 210 is disposed between a low-temperature transfer tube 12 and a high-temperature transfer tube 14 passing through the low temperature part 312 and the high temperature part 314 of the first heat exchanger 310 . Therefore, the working fluid passing through the pump 100 passes through the low temperature part 312 of the first heat exchanger 310 through the low-temperature transfer tube 12 and then is transferred to the first recuperator 210 . The working fluid passes through the first recuperator 210 , again passes through the high temperature part 314 of the first heat exchanger 310 , and then is transferred to the turbine.
  • the working fluid that is in the low temperature state by passing through the cooler 500 and the pump 100 is primarily heated while passing through the low temperature part 312 and secondarily heated by the first recuperator 210 by exchanging heat with the working fluid passing through the turbine.
  • the working fluid passing through the turbine is in the middle temperature state that is a relatively higher temperature than the low-temperature working fluid passing through the cooler 500 and the pump 100 .
  • the working fluid passing through the first recuperator 210 is tertiarily heated while passing through the high temperature part 314 of the first heat exchanger 310 to be in the high temperature state that may drive the turbine.
  • the second recuperator 230 is disposed in parallel with the second heat exchanger 3300 and some of the working fluid passing through the cooler 500 and the pump 100 is branched to be supplied to the second recuperator 230 and the second heat exchanger 300 , respectively.
  • the working fluid introduced into the second recuperator 230 exchanges heat with the working fluid passing through the turbine and then is supplied to the front end of the high temperature part 334 of the second heat exchanger 330 .
  • the working fluid introduced into the second recuperator 230 is primarily heated by the low temperature part 332 by passing through the low-temperature transfer tube 16 and then is mixed with the working fluid passing through the second recuperator 230 to be transferred to the high temperature part 334 through the high-temperature part transfer tube 18 .
  • the working fluid heated by the high temperature part 334 is in the high temperature state that may drive the turbine to be supplied to the turbine.
  • the working fluid that is in the low temperature state by passing through the pump 100 exchanges heat with the working fluid passing through the turbine by the second recuperator 230 to be heated.
  • the working fluid passing through the turbine is in the middle state having a relatively higher temperature than the low-temperature working fluid passing through the pump 100 , and therefore the heat exchange may be made.
  • the working fluid cooled while passing through the turbine and the second recuperator 230 is again transferred to the cooler 500 to be cooled.
  • the third recuperator 250 is introduced with some of the working fluid passing through the turbine and the working fluid passing through the turbine exchanges heat with the low-temperature working fluid passing through the pump 100 to be primarily cooled. Next, the cooled working fluid is transferred to the cooler 500 to be cooled.
  • the working fluid passing through the turbine is in the middle state having a relatively higher temperature than the low-temperature working fluid passing through the pump 100 , and therefore may exchange heat with the working fluid passing through the pump 100 .
  • the working fluid passing through the pump 100 exchanges heat by the third recuperator 250 to be primarily heated and is secondarily heated by the third heat exchanger 350 using the heat of the waste heat gas.
  • the working fluid that is in the high temperature state by being heated by the third heat exchanger 350 is in the high temperature that may operate the turbine to be supplied to the turbine.
  • the foregoing turbine is configured to include a low temperature turbine 410 and a high temperature turbine 430 and is driven by the working fluid. At least one of the turbines is connected to a power generator 450 and the generator is driven by the turbine to produce power.
  • the working fluid is expanded while passing through the low temperature turbine 410 and the high temperature turbine 430 , and therefore the turbines 410 and 430 also serves as an expander.
  • the high temperature turbine 430 is connected to the high temperature turbine 430 to produce power and the low temperature turbine 410 serves to drive the pump 100 .
  • low temperature and high temperature have a relative meaning and it is to be noted that that they are not understood as having the meaning that temperature higher than a specific temperature as a reference value is a high temperature and temperature lower than that is a low temperature.
  • the working fluid cooled by passing through the cooler 500 is circulated by the pump 100 to be branched to the first heat exchanger 310 , the second heat exchanger 330 , the second recuperator 230 , and the third recuperator 250 respectively, through the control valves v 4 to v 7 . Further, the flux in which the working fluids passing through the low temperature turbine 410 and the high temperature turbine 430 are mixed with each other is branched to the first to third recuperators 210 , 230 , and 240 , respectively, through the control valves v 1 to v 3 . The working fluid primarily cooled by the first to third recuperators 210 , 230 , and 250 by passing through the turbine is transferred to the cooler 500 .
  • the amount of working fluid transferred to the recuperator or the heat exchanger, respectively, may be adjusted depending on the temperature or capacity of the waste heat gas, the presence and absence of the constrained conditions, the extent of the constrained conditions, the operation conditions of the system, or the like.
  • the working fluid is distributed by controlling open values of the control valves v 1 to v 7 using a separate controller.
  • the low-temperature working fluid introduced into the first heat exchanger 310 is introduced into the low temperature part 312 of the first heat exchanger through the low-temperature transfer tube 12 and thus is primarily heated by the heat of the waste heat gas.
  • the working fluid is transferred to the first recuperator 210 and exchanges heat with the working fluids passing through the low temperature turbine 410 and the high temperature turbine 430 to be secondarily heated.
  • the working fluid secondarily heated is again introduced into the high temperature part 314 of the first heat exchanger 310 through the high-temperature transfer unit 14 and is tertiarily heated by the heat of the waste heat gas and then is transferred to the low temperature turbine 410 or the high temperature turbine 430 .
  • the low-temperature working fluid is branched to the second heat exchanger 330 and the second recuperator 230 , respectively, to be introduced.
  • the low-temperature working fluid branched to the second heat exchanger 330 is primarily heated by the low temperature part 332 using the heat of the waste heat gas through the low-temperature transfer tube 16 .
  • the working fluid primarily heated is mixed with the working fluid passing through the second recuperator 230 .
  • the mixed working fluid is introduced into the high temperature part 334 by the high-temperature transfer tube 18 of the second heat exchanger 330 to be secondarily heated by the heat of the waste heat gas, and then is transferred to the low temperature turbine 410 or the high temperature turbine 430 .
  • the low-temperature working fluid branched to the second recuperator 230 exchanges heat with the working fluid passing through the turbine to be primarily heated. Next, it is transferred between the low temperature part 332 and the high temperature part 334 to be mixed with the working fluid passing through the low temperature part 332 .
  • the working fluid introduced into the third recuperator 250 passes through the turbine to be exchange heat with the working fluid introduced into the third recuperator 250 to thereby be primarily heated.
  • the working fluid primarily heated is introduced into the third heat exchanger 350 to be secondarily heated by the heat of the waste heat gas and then is transferred to the low temperature turbine 410 or the high temperature turbine 430 .
  • the working fluids passing through the low temperature turbine 410 and the high temperature turbine 430 have a relatively higher temperature than the working fluid passing through the pump 100 and are a relatively lower temperature than the working fluid introduced into the low temperature turbine 410 and the high temperature turbine 430 . If the temperature of the working fluid passing through the pump 100 is the low temperature, the working fluids passing through the low temperature turbine 410 and the high temperature turbine 430 correspond to the middle temperature. The working fluid introduced into the low temperature turbine 410 and the high temperature turbine 430 corresponds to a relatively high temperature (here, low temperature, middle temperature, and high temperature are a relative concept).
  • the output of the high temperature turbine 430 driving the power generator 450 is larger than that of the low temperature turbine 410 driving the pump 100 , and therefore when the working fluid is discharged from the first to third heat exchangers 310 , 330 , and 350 , it is preferable to transfer the working fluid that is the relatively high temperature to the high temperature turbine 430 .
  • the distribution of the working fluid may be changed depending on the operation conditions of the system.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a supercritical CO 2 generation system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • outlet ends of a low temperature turbine 410 ′ and a high temperature turbine 430 ′ may be provided with plural control valves v l′, v 2 ′, v 3 ′, v 1 - 1 , v 1 - 2 , and v 1 - 3 .
  • a working fluid cooled by passing through a cooler 500 ′ is circulated by a pump 100 ′ to be transferred while being branched to a first heat exchanger 310 ′, a second heat exchanger 330 ′, a second recuperator 230 ′, and a third recuperator 250 ′, respectively, through the control valves v 4 to v 7 . Further, a flux of a working fluid passing through the high temperature turbine 430 ′ is transferred while being branched to the first to third recuperators 210 ′, 230 ′, and 250 ′, respectively, through control valves v 1 ′ to v 3 ′.
  • the flux of the working fluid passing through the low temperature turbine 410 ′ is controlled by the control valves v 1 - 1 , v 1 - 2 , and v 1 - 3 , such that the working fluid passing through the low temperature turbine 410 ′ may be mixed or may not be mixed with the working fluid passing through the high temperature turbine 430 ′.
  • transfer tubes at which the control valves vl- 1 , v 1 - 2 , and v 1 - 3 provided at an outlet end of the low temperature turbine 410 ′ are installed are connected to the transfer tubes transferring the working fluids passing through the control valves v 1 ′ to v 3 ′ provided at the outlet end of the high temperature turbine 430 ′. Therefore, the working fluid passing through the low temperature turbine 410 ′ may be distributed to three transfer tubes.
  • the distributed working fluid may be mixed or may not be mixed with working fluids, respectively, passing through each of the control valves v 1 ′ to v 3 ′ and if mixed, the flux thereof may be controlled.
  • the working fluid with which the working fluid passing through the high temperature turbine 430 ′ or the working fluid passing through the low temperature turbine 410 ′ is mixed is primarily cooled by first to third recuperators 210 ′, 230 ′ and 250 ′.
  • the working fluid primarily cooled is transferred to the cooler 500 ′.
  • the supercritical CO 2 generation system may use the recuperator per each heat source to effectively use the plural heat sources, such that the configuration of the system may be simplified and the operation of the system may be simplified. As a result, the configuration costs of the system may be reduced and the system may be effectively operated. Further, the system may be widely applied to the plural heat sources having various conditions and therefore the utilization of the system may be increased.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a supercritical CO2 generation system using plural heat sources, including: a pump configured to circulate a working fluid; plural heat exchangers configured to heat the working fluid using an external heat source; plural turbines configured to be driven by the working fluid heated by passing through the heat exchanger; and plural recuperators configured to exchange heat between the working fluid passing through the turbine and the working fluid passing through the pump to cool the working fluid passing through the turbine and heat the working fluid passing through the pump, in which the heat exchanger may include plural constrained heat exchangers having an emission regulation condition of an outlet end and plural heat exchangers without the emission regulation condition.

Description

    CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
  • This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0146905, filed on Oct. 21, 2015, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Field of the Invention
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to a supercritical CO2 generation system, and more particularly, to a supercritical CO2 generation system applying a recuperator per each heat source.
  • Description of the Related Art
  • As a necessity for efficient power production is increased internationally and activities for reducing the generation of pollutants are activated, various efforts to increase power production while reducing the generation of pollutants have been conducted. As one of the efforts, research and development for a power generation system using supercritical CO2 as a working fluid as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2012-145092 has been actively conducted.
  • The supercritical CO2 has a density similar to a liquid state and viscosity similar to gas, such that apparatuses may be miniaturized and power consumption required to compress and circulate a fluid may be minimized. Meanwhile, the supercritical CO2 having a critical point of 31.4° C. and 72.8 atmosphere are much lower than water having a critical point of 373.95° C. and 217.7 atmosphere and therefore may very easily be handled. The supercritical CO2 generation system may show pure power generation efficiency of about 45% when being operated at 550° C. and have at least 20% increase in power generation efficiency compared to that of the existing steam cycle and reduce a size of a turbo apparatus to a level of 1: tens.
  • When plural heat sources having constraints is applied, the system configuration is complicated and it is difficult to effectively use heat, and as a result most of the supercritical CO2 generation systems have one heater which is a heat source. Therefore, there is a problem in that the system configuration is restrictive and it is difficult to effectively use the heat source.
    • RELATED ART DOCUMENT [Patent Document]
  • (Patent Document 1) Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. 2012-145092 (Published on Aug. 02, 2012)
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a supercritical CO2 generation system capable of effectively operating a system applying a recuperator per each heat source.
  • Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be understood by the following description, and become apparent with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Also, it is obvious to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains that the objects and advantages of the present invention can be realized by the means as claimed and combinations thereof.
  • In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a supercritical CO2 generation system, including: a pump configured to circulate a working fluid; plural heat exchangers configured to heat the working fluid using an external heat source; plural turbines configured to be driven by the working fluid heated by passing through the heat exchanger; and plural recuperators configured to exchange heat between the working fluid passing through the turbine and the working fluid passing through the pump to cool the working fluid passing through the turbine and heat the working fluid passing through the pump, in which in at least one of the heat exchangers, an inlet end into which the external heat source is introduced is provided with a high temperature part and an outlet end to which the external heat source is discharged is provided with a low temperature part.
  • The supercritical CO2 generation system may further include: a high-temperature transfer tube and a low-temperature transfer tube configured to supply the working fluid to the high temperature part and the low temperature part.
  • The number of recuperators may be equal to the number of heat exchangers.
  • The turbine may include a low temperature turbine driving the pump and a high temperature turbine driving a power generator and branch an integrated flux mt0 of the working fluids passing through the low temperature turbine and the high temperature turbine and supply the integrated flux to the plural recuperators.
  • The heat exchanger may includ first heat exchanger to third heat exchanger, the recuperator includes first to third recuperators, a front end of the pump may be provided with a cooler cooling the working fluid passing through the recuperator, and the first and second heat exchangers may include the high temperature part and the low temperature part.
  • The first recuperator may be disposed between the low-temperature transfer tube and the high-temperature transfer tube.
  • The second heat exchanger and the second recuperator may be disposed in parallel, the working fluids passing through the cooler and the pump may be branched to the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the second recuperator, and the third recuperator.
  • Some of the working fluid passing through the pump may be heated by sequentially passing through the low temperature part of the first heat exchanger, the first recuperator, and the high temperature part of the first heat exchanger to be supplied to the turbine.
  • Some of the working fluid passing through the pump may be branched to the low temperature part of the second heat exchanger and the second recuperator and the working fluid heated by passing through the second recuperator may be mixed with the working fluid heated by passing through the low temperature part of the second heat exchanger and heated by passing through the high temperature part of the second heat exchanger to be supplied to the turbine.
  • Some of the working fluid passing through the pump may be heated by the third recuperator and then heated by passing through the third heat exchanger to be supplied to the turbine.
  • The working fluid branched to the first to third recuperators by passing through the turbine may be cooled by the first to third recuperators to be introduced into the cooler.
  • In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a supercritical CO2 generation system, including: a pump configured to circulate a working fluid; plural heat exchangers configured to heat the working fluid using an external heat source; a low temperature turbine and a high temperature turbine configured to be driven by the working fluid heated by passing through the heat exchanger, the low temperature turbine driving the pump and the high temperature turbine driving a power generator; plural recuperators configured to exchange heat between the working fluid passing through the low temperature turbine or the high temperature turbine and the working fluid passing through the pump to cool the working fluid passing through the low temperature turbine or the high temperature turbine and heat the working fluid passing through the pump; and plural control valves configured to be provided at outlet ends of the low temperature turbine and the high temperature turbine, respectively, to control a flux of the working fluid passing through the low temperature turbine or the high temperature turbine, in which in at least one of the heat exchangers, an inlet end into which the external heat source is introduced is provided with a high temperature part and an outlet end to which the external heat source is discharged is provided with a low temperature part.
  • The supercritical CO2 generation system may further include: a high-temperature transfer tube and a low-temperature transfer tube configured to supply the working fluid to the high temperature part and the low temperature part.
  • The number of recuperators may be equal to the number of heat exchangers.
  • The transfer tubes of the working fluids at which the control valves provided at the outlet end of the low temperature turbine are installed may be connected to the transfer tubes of the working fluids at which the control valves provided at the outlet end of the high temperature turbine are installed.
  • The heat exchanger may include first heat exchanger to third heat exchanger, the recuperator may include first to third recuperators, a front end of the pump may be provided with a cooler cooling the working fluid passing through the recuperator, and the first and second heat exchangers may include the high temperature part and the low temperature part.
  • The first recuperator may be disposed between the low-temperature transfer tube and the high-temperature transfer tube.
  • The second heat exchanger and the second recuperator may be disposed in parallel, and the working fluids passing through the cooler and the pump may be branched to the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the second recuperator, and the third recuperator.
  • Some of the working fluid passing through the pump may be heated by sequentially passing through the low temperature part of the first heat exchanger, the first recuperator, and the high temperature part of the first heat exchanger to be supplied to the turbine, some of the working fluid passing through the pump may be branched to the low temperature part of the second heat exchanger and the second recuperator and the working fluid heated by passing through the second recuperator may be mixed with the working fluid heated by passing through the low temperature part of the second heat exchanger and heated by passing through the high temperature part of the second heat exchanger to be supplied to the turbine, and some of the working fluid passing through the pump may be heated by the third recuperator and then heated by passing through the third heat exchanger to be supplied to the turbine.
  • The working fluid branched to the first to third recuperators by passing through the turbine may be cooled by the first to third recuperators to be introduced into the cooler.
  • It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The above and other objects, features and other advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a supercritical CO2 generation system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a supercritical CO2 generation system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
    •  DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS
  • Hereinafter, a supercritical CO2 generation system applying plural heat sources according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • Generally, the supercritical CO2 generation system forms a closed cycle in which CO2 used for power generation is not emitted to the outside and uses the supercritical CO2 as a working fluid.
  • The supercritical CO2 generation system uses the CO2 as the working fluid and therefore may use exhaust gas emitted from a thermal power plant, etc., such that it may be used in a single generation system and a hybrid generation system with the thermal generation system. The working fluid of the supercritical CO2 generation system may also supply CO2 separated from the exhaust gas and may also supply separate CO2.
  • The supercritical CO2 (hereinafter, working fluid) within the cycle passes through a pump and then is heated while passing through a heat source such as a heater to be in a high temperature and pressure state, thereby driving a turbine. The turbine is connected to a power generator and the power generator is driven by the turbine to produce power. The working fluid used to produce power is cooled while passing through a heat exchanger and the cooled working fluid is again supplied to the pump and is circulated within the cycle. The turbine or the heat exchanger may be provided in plural.
  • The present invention proposes a supercritical CO2 generation system which includes plural heaters using waste heat gas as a heat source and operates the recuperators equal to smaller than the number of heat sources by effectively disposing each heat exchanger depending on conditions such as temperature of an inlet and an outlet and capacity and the heat source and the number of heat sources.
  • The supercritical CO2 generation system according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention is used as a meaning including a system that all the working fluids flowing within the cycle are in the supercritical state and a system that most of the working fluids are in the supercritical state and the rest of the working fluids are in a subcritical state.
  • Further, according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the CO2 is used as the working fluid. Here, the CO2 is used as a meaning including pure CO2 in a chemical meaning, CO2 somewhat including impurities in general terms, and a fluid in a state in which more than one fluid as additives is mixed with CO2.
  • Further, in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the low temperature, the middle temperature, and the high temperature have a relative meaning and it is to be noted that that they are not understood as having the meaning that temperature higher than a specific temperature as a reference value is a high temperature and temperature lower than that is a low temperature.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a supercritical CO2 generation system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • As illustrated in FIG. 1, a supercritical CO2 generation system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be configured to include a pump 100 configured to pass through the working fluid, plural recuperators and plural heat exchangers configured to exchange heat with the working fluid passing through the pump 100, plural turbines configured to be driven by the working fluid heated by passing through the recuperators and the heat exchangers, a power generator 450 configured to be driven by the turbines, and a cooler 500 configured to cool the working fluid introduced into the pump 100.
  • Fluxes of each of the working fluids passing through the plural turbines are merged into one (hereinafter, integrated flux) and then supplied to the recuperator or the heat exchanger.
  • Each of the components of the present invention is connected to each other by a transfer tube 10 through which the working fluid flows and unless specially mentioned, it is to be understood that the working fluid flows along the transfer tube 10. However, when plural components are integrated, the integrated configuration may include a part or an area actually serving as the transfer tube 10. Therefore, even in this case, it is to be understood that the working fluid flows along the transfer tube 10. A channel performing a separate function will be described additionally. A channel performing a separate function will be described additionally.
  • The pump 100 is driven by a low temperature turbine 410 to be described below and serves to transmit the low-temperature working fluid cooled by passing through the cooler 500 to the recuperator or the heater.
  • The recuperator exchanges heat between the working fluid cooled from the high temperature to the middle temperature while being expanded by passing through the turbine and the working fluid passing through the pump 100. The working fluid passing through the turbine is primarily cooled by the recuperator and the working fluid passing through the pump 100 is primarily heated by the recuperator. The recuperator is provided in plural and the cooling fluid passing through the turbine is appropriately distributed depending on driving conditions of the system and supplied. Inlet ends of each recuperator into which the cooling fluid passing through the turbine is introduced may be provided with control valves v1, v2, and v3. The working fluid primarily cooled by the recuperator is transferred to the cooler 500, secondarily cooled, and then transferred to the pump 100.
  • The working fluid transferred to the recuperator through the pump 100 exchanges heat with the working fluid passing through the turbine to be primarily heated and is supplied to the heat exchanger to be described below. Alternatively, the working fluid first passes through the heat source via the pump 100 and then passes through the recuperator. For this purpose, the inlet end of the transfer tube 10 into which the working fluid transferred from the pump 100 to the recuperator or the heat source is introduced may be provided with control valves v4 and v7. According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the number of recuperators is equal to the number of heat sources, but the exemplary embodiment of the present invention will describe an example in which the recuperator is provided in three corresponding to the number of heat sources (this will be described below).
  • The heat exchanger heats the working fluid using the external heat source and is provided in plural. The present specification will describe an example in which a first heat exchanger 310 and a second heat exchanger 330 as a heat source without emission regulations and a third heat exchanger 350 as a heat source with emission regulations are provided. The meaning that there are the emission regulations stands for that there is a restrictive temperature upon the emission of waste heat gas.
  • The first heat exchanger 310 and the second heat exchanger 330 uses gas (hereinafter, waste heat gas) having waste heat like exhaust gas as the heat source and are a heat source without the emission regulations upon the emission of the waste heat gas. The first heat exchanger 310 and the second heat exchanger 330 exchanges heat between the waste heat gas and the working fluid to serve to heat the working fluid. The heat source without the emission regulation conditions may correspond to, for example, an AQC waste heat condition, etc.
  • In the first heat exchanger 310 and the second heat exchanger 330, an area of the inlet end into which the waste heat gas is introduced has a relatively higher temperature than an area of an outlet end to which the waste heat gas is discharged. A high temperature area is defined as high temperature parts 314 and 334 and a low temperature area is defined as low temperature parts 312 and 332 and the structure in which the working fluid is circulated via the low temperature parts 312 and 332 and the high temperature parts 314 and 334 of the first heat exchanger 310 and the second heat exchanger 330 is formed. The third heat exchanger 350 is the heat source with the emission regulations upon the emission of the waste heat gas. The waste heat gas from which the heat is taken away by the third heat exchanger 350 exchanges heat up to be cooled at a temperature meeting the emission regulation condition and then exits the third heat exchanger 350.
  • The disposition of the recuperator and the heat exchanger as described above will be described in more detail.
  • The first recuperator 210 is disposed between a low-temperature transfer tube 12 and a high-temperature transfer tube 14 passing through the low temperature part 312 and the high temperature part 314 of the first heat exchanger 310. Therefore, the working fluid passing through the pump 100 passes through the low temperature part 312 of the first heat exchanger 310 through the low-temperature transfer tube 12 and then is transferred to the first recuperator 210. The working fluid passes through the first recuperator 210, again passes through the high temperature part 314 of the first heat exchanger 310, and then is transferred to the turbine. In this case, the working fluid that is in the low temperature state by passing through the cooler 500 and the pump 100 is primarily heated while passing through the low temperature part 312 and secondarily heated by the first recuperator 210 by exchanging heat with the working fluid passing through the turbine. The working fluid passing through the turbine is in the middle temperature state that is a relatively higher temperature than the low-temperature working fluid passing through the cooler 500 and the pump 100. Next, the working fluid passing through the first recuperator 210 is tertiarily heated while passing through the high temperature part 314 of the first heat exchanger 310 to be in the high temperature state that may drive the turbine.
  • The second recuperator 230 is disposed in parallel with the second heat exchanger 3300 and some of the working fluid passing through the cooler 500 and the pump 100 is branched to be supplied to the second recuperator 230 and the second heat exchanger 300, respectively. The working fluid introduced into the second recuperator 230 exchanges heat with the working fluid passing through the turbine and then is supplied to the front end of the high temperature part 334 of the second heat exchanger 330. The working fluid introduced into the second recuperator 230 is primarily heated by the low temperature part 332 by passing through the low-temperature transfer tube 16 and then is mixed with the working fluid passing through the second recuperator 230 to be transferred to the high temperature part 334 through the high-temperature part transfer tube 18. The working fluid heated by the high temperature part 334 is in the high temperature state that may drive the turbine to be supplied to the turbine. In this case, the working fluid that is in the low temperature state by passing through the pump 100 exchanges heat with the working fluid passing through the turbine by the second recuperator 230 to be heated. The working fluid passing through the turbine is in the middle state having a relatively higher temperature than the low-temperature working fluid passing through the pump 100, and therefore the heat exchange may be made. Next, the working fluid cooled while passing through the turbine and the second recuperator 230 is again transferred to the cooler 500 to be cooled.
  • The third recuperator 250 is introduced with some of the working fluid passing through the turbine and the working fluid passing through the turbine exchanges heat with the low-temperature working fluid passing through the pump 100 to be primarily cooled. Next, the cooled working fluid is transferred to the cooler 500 to be cooled. The working fluid passing through the turbine is in the middle state having a relatively higher temperature than the low-temperature working fluid passing through the pump 100, and therefore may exchange heat with the working fluid passing through the pump 100. The working fluid passing through the pump 100 exchanges heat by the third recuperator 250 to be primarily heated and is secondarily heated by the third heat exchanger 350 using the heat of the waste heat gas. The working fluid that is in the high temperature state by being heated by the third heat exchanger 350 is in the high temperature that may operate the turbine to be supplied to the turbine.
  • The foregoing turbine is configured to include a low temperature turbine 410 and a high temperature turbine 430 and is driven by the working fluid. At least one of the turbines is connected to a power generator 450 and the generator is driven by the turbine to produce power. The working fluid is expanded while passing through the low temperature turbine 410 and the high temperature turbine 430, and therefore the turbines 410 and 430 also serves as an expander. According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the high temperature turbine 430 is connected to the high temperature turbine 430 to produce power and the low temperature turbine 410 serves to drive the pump 100.
  • Here, the terms low temperature and high temperature have a relative meaning and it is to be noted that that they are not understood as having the meaning that temperature higher than a specific temperature as a reference value is a high temperature and temperature lower than that is a low temperature.
  • In the supercritical CO2 generation system according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention having the above configuration, the detailed example of the flow of the working fluid will be described as follows.
  • The working fluid cooled by passing through the cooler 500 is circulated by the pump 100 to be branched to the first heat exchanger 310, the second heat exchanger 330, the second recuperator 230, and the third recuperator 250 respectively, through the control valves v4 to v7. Further, the flux in which the working fluids passing through the low temperature turbine 410 and the high temperature turbine 430 are mixed with each other is branched to the first to third recuperators 210, 230, and 240, respectively, through the control valves v1 to v3. The working fluid primarily cooled by the first to third recuperators 210, 230, and 250 by passing through the turbine is transferred to the cooler 500. The amount of working fluid transferred to the recuperator or the heat exchanger, respectively, may be adjusted depending on the temperature or capacity of the waste heat gas, the presence and absence of the constrained conditions, the extent of the constrained conditions, the operation conditions of the system, or the like. The working fluid is distributed by controlling open values of the control valves v1 to v7 using a separate controller.
  • The low-temperature working fluid introduced into the first heat exchanger 310 is introduced into the low temperature part 312 of the first heat exchanger through the low-temperature transfer tube 12 and thus is primarily heated by the heat of the waste heat gas. Next, the working fluid is transferred to the first recuperator 210 and exchanges heat with the working fluids passing through the low temperature turbine 410 and the high temperature turbine 430 to be secondarily heated. The working fluid secondarily heated is again introduced into the high temperature part 314 of the first heat exchanger 310 through the high-temperature transfer unit 14 and is tertiarily heated by the heat of the waste heat gas and then is transferred to the low temperature turbine 410 or the high temperature turbine 430.
  • Meanwhile, the low-temperature working fluid is branched to the second heat exchanger 330 and the second recuperator 230, respectively, to be introduced. The low-temperature working fluid branched to the second heat exchanger 330 is primarily heated by the low temperature part 332 using the heat of the waste heat gas through the low-temperature transfer tube 16. Next, the working fluid primarily heated is mixed with the working fluid passing through the second recuperator 230. The mixed working fluid is introduced into the high temperature part 334 by the high-temperature transfer tube 18 of the second heat exchanger 330 to be secondarily heated by the heat of the waste heat gas, and then is transferred to the low temperature turbine 410 or the high temperature turbine 430. Further, the low-temperature working fluid branched to the second recuperator 230 exchanges heat with the working fluid passing through the turbine to be primarily heated. Next, it is transferred between the low temperature part 332 and the high temperature part 334 to be mixed with the working fluid passing through the low temperature part 332.
  • The working fluid introduced into the third recuperator 250 passes through the turbine to be exchange heat with the working fluid introduced into the third recuperator 250 to thereby be primarily heated. The working fluid primarily heated is introduced into the third heat exchanger 350 to be secondarily heated by the heat of the waste heat gas and then is transferred to the low temperature turbine 410 or the high temperature turbine 430.
  • The working fluids passing through the low temperature turbine 410 and the high temperature turbine 430 have a relatively higher temperature than the working fluid passing through the pump 100 and are a relatively lower temperature than the working fluid introduced into the low temperature turbine 410 and the high temperature turbine 430. If the temperature of the working fluid passing through the pump 100 is the low temperature, the working fluids passing through the low temperature turbine 410 and the high temperature turbine 430 correspond to the middle temperature. The working fluid introduced into the low temperature turbine 410 and the high temperature turbine 430 corresponds to a relatively high temperature (here, low temperature, middle temperature, and high temperature are a relative concept).
  • It is determined by the foregoing controller how much working fluid is transferred to any of the low temperature turbine 410 and the high temperature turbine 430.
  • Generally, the output of the high temperature turbine 430 driving the power generator 450 is larger than that of the low temperature turbine 410 driving the pump 100, and therefore when the working fluid is discharged from the first to third heat exchangers 310, 330, and 350, it is preferable to transfer the working fluid that is the relatively high temperature to the high temperature turbine 430. However, the distribution of the working fluid may be changed depending on the operation conditions of the system.
  • Hereinabove, the exemplary embodiment in which the integrated flux of the working fluids of the low temperature turbine and the high temperature turbine is branched to be transferred to the first to third recuperators is described, but the fluxes of each of the low temperature turbine and the high temperature turbine may be selectively distributed (the detailed description of the same configuration as the foregoing exemplary embodiment will be omitted).
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a supercritical CO2 generation system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • As illustrated in FIG. 2, outlet ends of a low temperature turbine 410′ and a high temperature turbine 430′ may be provided with plural control valves v l′, v2′, v3′, v1-1, v1-2, and v1-3.
  • A working fluid cooled by passing through a cooler 500′ is circulated by a pump 100′ to be transferred while being branched to a first heat exchanger 310′, a second heat exchanger 330′, a second recuperator 230′, and a third recuperator 250′, respectively, through the control valves v4 to v7. Further, a flux of a working fluid passing through the high temperature turbine 430′ is transferred while being branched to the first to third recuperators 210′, 230′, and 250′, respectively, through control valves v1′ to v3′. The flux of the working fluid passing through the low temperature turbine 410′ is controlled by the control valves v1-1, v1-2, and v1-3, such that the working fluid passing through the low temperature turbine 410′ may be mixed or may not be mixed with the working fluid passing through the high temperature turbine 430′.
  • Describing in more detail, transfer tubes at which the control valves vl-1, v1-2, and v1-3 provided at an outlet end of the low temperature turbine 410′ are installed are connected to the transfer tubes transferring the working fluids passing through the control valves v1′ to v3′ provided at the outlet end of the high temperature turbine 430′. Therefore, the working fluid passing through the low temperature turbine 410′ may be distributed to three transfer tubes. The distributed working fluid may be mixed or may not be mixed with working fluids, respectively, passing through each of the control valves v1′ to v3′ and if mixed, the flux thereof may be controlled.
  • At how much flux the working fluid passing through the low temperature turbine 410′ and the working fluid passing through the high temperature turbine 430′ are mixed with each other and the distribution amount of the working fluid passing through the high temperature turbine 430′ may be changed depending on the operation conditions of the system. The working fluid with which the working fluid passing through the high temperature turbine 430′ or the working fluid passing through the low temperature turbine 410′ is mixed is primarily cooled by first to third recuperators 210′, 230′ and 250′. The working fluid primarily cooled is transferred to the cooler 500′.
  • The supercritical CO2 generation system according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention may use the recuperator per each heat source to effectively use the plural heat sources, such that the configuration of the system may be simplified and the operation of the system may be simplified. As a result, the configuration costs of the system may be reduced and the system may be effectively operated. Further, the system may be widely applied to the plural heat sources having various conditions and therefore the utilization of the system may be increased.
  • The various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which is described as above and shown in the drawings, should not be interpreted as limiting the technical spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is limited only by matters set forth in the claims and those skilled in the art can modify and change the technical subjects of the present invention in various forms. Therefore, as long as these improvements and changes are apparent to those skilled in the art, they are included in the protective scope of the present invention.

Claims (20)

What is claimed is:
1. A supercritical CO2 generation system, comprising:
a pump configured to circulate a working fluid;
plural heat exchangers configured to heat the working fluid using an external heat source;
plural turbines configured to be driven by the working fluid heated by passing through the heat exchanger; and
plural recuperators configured to exchange heat between the working fluid passing through the turbine and the working fluid passing through the pump to cool the working fluid passing through the turbine and heat the working fluid passing through the pump,
wherein in at least one of the heat exchangers, an inlet end into which the external heat source is introduced is provided with a high temperature part and an outlet end to which the external heat source is discharged is provided with a low temperature part.
2. The supercritical CO2 generation system of claim 1, further comprising:
a high-temperature transfer tube and a low-temperature transfer tube configured to supply the working fluid to the high temperature part and the low temperature part.
3. The supercritical CO2 generation system of claim 1, wherein the number of recuperators is equal to the number of heat exchangers.
4. The supercritical CO2 generation system of claim 2, wherein the turbine includes a low temperature turbine driving the pump and a high temperature turbine driving a power generator and branches an integrated flux mt0 of the working fluids passing through the low temperature turbine and the high temperature turbine and supplies the integrated flux to the plural recuperators.
5. The supercritical CO2 generation system of claim 4, wherein the heat exchanger includes first heat exchanger to third heat exchanger, the recuperator includes first to third recuperators, a front end of the pump is provided with a cooler cooling the working fluid passing through the recuperator, and the first and second heat exchangers include the high temperature part and the low temperature part.
6. The supercritical CO2 generation system of claim 5, wherein the first recuperator is disposed between the low-temperature transfer tube and the high-temperature transfer tube.
7. The supercritical CO2 generation system of claim 6, wherein the second heat exchanger and the second recuperator are disposed in parallel, and the working fluid passing through the pump is branched to the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the second recuperator, and the third recuperator.
8. The supercritical CO2 generation system of claim 7, wherein some of the working fluid passing through the pump is heated by sequentially passing through the low temperature part of the first heat exchanger, the first recuperator, and the high temperature part of the first heat exchanger to be supplied to the turbine.
9. The supercritical CO2 generation system of claim 8, wherein some of the working fluid passing through the pump is branched to the low temperature part of the second heat exchanger and the second recuperator and the working fluid heated by passing through the second recuperator is mixed with the working fluid heated by passing through the low temperature part of the second heat exchanger and heated by passing through the high temperature part of the second heat exchanger to be supplied to the turbine.
10. The supercritical CO2 generation system of claim 9, wherein some of the working fluid passing through the pump is heated by the third recuperator and then heated by passing through the third heat exchanger to be supplied to the turbine.
11. The supercritical CO2 generation system of claim 10, wherein the working fluid branched to the first to third recuperators by passing through the turbine is cooled by the first to third recuperators to be introduced into the cooler.
12. A supercritical CO2 generation system, comprising:
a pump configured to circulate a working fluid;
plural heat exchangers configured to heat the working fluid using an external heat source;
a low temperature turbine and a high temperature turbine configured to be driven by the working fluid heated by passing through the heat exchanger, the low temperature turbine driving the pump and the high temperature turbine driving a power generator;
plural recuperators configured to exchange heat between the working fluid passing through the low temperature turbine or the high temperature turbine and the working fluid passing through the pump to cool the working fluid passing through the low temperature turbine or the high temperature turbine and heat the working fluid passing through the pump; and
plural control valves configured to be provided at outlet ends of the low temperature turbine and the high temperature turbine, respectively, to control a flux of the working fluid passing through the low temperature turbine or the high temperature turbine,
wherein in at least one of the heat exchangers, an inlet end into which the external heat source is introduced is provided with a high temperature part and an outlet end to which the external heat source is discharged is provided with a low temperature part.
13. The supercritical CO2 generation system of claim 12, further comprising:
a high-temperature transfer tube and a low-temperature transfer tube configured to supply the working fluid to the high temperature part and the low temperature part.
14. The supercritical CO2 generation system of claim 13, wherein the number of recuperators is equal to the number of heat exchangers.
15. The supercritical CO2 generation system of claim 14, wherein the transfer tubes of the working fluids at which the control valves provided at the outlet end of the low temperature turbine are installed are connected to the transfer tubes of the working fluids at which the control valves provided at the outlet end of the high temperature turbine are installed.
16. The supercritical CO2 generation system of claim 15, wherein the heat exchanger includes first heat exchanger to third heat exchanger, the recuperator includes first to third recuperators, a front end of the pump is provided with a cooler cooling the working fluid passing through the recuperator, and the first and second heat exchangers include the high temperature part and the low temperature part.
17. The supercritical CO2 generation system of claim 16, wherein the first recuperator is disposed between the low-temperature transfer tube and the high-temperature transfer tube.
18. The supercritical CO2 generation system of claim 17, wherein the second heat exchanger and the second recuperator are disposed in parallel, the working fluids passing through the cooler and the pump are branched to the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the second recuperator, and the third recuperator.
19. The supercritical CO2 generation system of claim 18, wherein some of the working fluid passing through the pump is heated by sequentially passing through the low temperature part of the first heat exchanger, the first recuperator, and the high temperature part of the first heat exchanger to be supplied to the turbine,
some of the working fluid passing through the pump is branched to the low temperature part of the second heat exchanger and the second recuperator and the working fluid heated by passing through the second recuperator is mixed with the working fluid heated by passing through the low temperature part of the second heat exchanger and heated by passing through the high temperature part of the second heat exchanger to be supplied to the turbine, and
some of the working fluid passing through the pump is heated by the third recuperator and then heated by passing through the third heat exchanger to be supplied to the turbine.
20. The supercritical CO2 generation system of claim 19, wherein the working fluid branched to the first to third recuperators by passing through the turbine is cooled by the first to third recuperators to be introduced into the cooler.
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