US20170093202A1 - Multiple Resonant Cells for Wireless Power Mats - Google Patents
Multiple Resonant Cells for Wireless Power Mats Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20170093202A1 US20170093202A1 US15/359,214 US201615359214A US2017093202A1 US 20170093202 A1 US20170093202 A1 US 20170093202A1 US 201615359214 A US201615359214 A US 201615359214A US 2017093202 A1 US2017093202 A1 US 2017093202A1
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- cell
- resonant
- charging pad
- inductive charging
- receiver
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H02J7/025—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
Definitions
- Inductive charging pads have grown in popularity but are still not gaining in popularity as fast as the wireless power industry would like.
- One of the selling points of wireless technology is that it relieves the consumer of the “transmitter” portion of a power supply in that the transmitter can be on a table in an airport lounge. This potentially would reduce the amount of weight that a consumer would carry to power his/her personal electronics.
- the main problem with wireless power is that it relies on the magnetic field, a very tightly coupled field that reduces drastically compared with other fields with distance. The reason that the magnetic field works at low distances is that it always appears as a dipole. The magnetic field must return back as a loop and it always favors the shortest path.
- the ideal inductive charging pad would be one that in any place a receiver is placed; it would deliver efficient power to the receiver while being relatively. inexpensive. Another desired trait would be that the mat would be able to charge multiple devices each with its own power level. The last requirement is very difficult to achieve.
- the present invention addresses the first requirement and may address the second.
- This present invention provides a different way of targeting the magnetic field where it is needed and in the process reduces stray magnetic fields and increases efficiency. It also further reduces and not increases the stray magnetic field by using the magnetic field properties to its advantage.
- FIG. 1 shows multiple windings in an inductive charging pad configured in series
- FIG. 2 shows added capacitors in series with each winding
- FIG. 3 shows how inductance increases due to increase in mutual inductance between one of the windings and receiver when the one winding is in close proximity to the receiver;
- FIG. 4 shows a mat configured with 3 cells with parallel inductance
- FIG. 5 shows reversing resonances with parallel resonance cells in series
- FIG. 6 shows resonance cells in parallel
- FIG. 7 shows an inductive charging pad with parallel or series resonant capacitors where there is alternating magnetic; polarization between the cells.
- All wireless inductive charging pads are based on a converter that pushes a square wave into a primary winding.
- the incoming waveform can be idealized as a current limited AC sine wave.
- FIG. 1 Let's suppose we had multiple windings in an inductive charging pad (three of them in this illustration, FIG. 1 ) configured in series. If we applied an. AC voltage between point 1 and the common, all of the windings would have an equal share of the voltage thus reducing the voltage at each winding by the number of windings in series. But if we added capacitors in series with each winding as shown in FIG. 2 and tuned the capacitors to be the same reactive impedance as the inductors then each set of winding plus capacitors would be very close to a short.
- This selection is accomplished passively by resonance of the capacitors to the leakage inductance of the circuit.
- the capacitors act as a passive switch that bypasses the current if no receiver is nearby.
- FIG. 4 shows a mat configured with 3 cells with parallel resonance, In this case the impedance of the capacitance and the inductance are the same and together will produce an equivalent impedance of an open. The full voltage, is applied to all cell elements but each element will not draw current due to the resonance of the each element. When a receiver is put in close proximity to one of the cells, the inductance of that cell increases and that element will start to draw current. This current is able to power the receiver. Each of the cells that is in resonance draws very little current from the source and virtually all reactive current needed by the inductor is provided by the cell capacitance.
- FIG. 5 This concept is illustrated in FIG. 5 for series paralleled cells.
- the frequency of operation is below the resonance point.
- one of the cells When one of the cells is in close proximity to a secondary receiver its inductance increase which puts it in resonance with the operating frequency. Its impedance increase and the majority of the input voltage is applied across it This effect is not as strong as the previous discussed effect since the cells operating in series with the resonant cell still have some impedance that will reduce the available voltage on this cell.
- FIG. 6 The converse is illustrated in FIG. 6 .
- all the series resonant cells are put in parallel.
- the source is again at a lower frequency than resonance.
- Each of the capacitors in the cells thus is a large impedance at this frequency in comparison with their inductances. Therefore, the individual inductances receive very little voltage.
- a secondary When a secondary is placed close to one of the cells its inductance will increase and produce a larger voltage on the primary of the transformer. In this case the cell becomes lower impedance and starts to draw more current. This extra current is applied to the load reflected from the secondary.
- This concept has the added benefit of reducing the magnetic field applied to regions that no secondary (receiver) exists.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the construction of the inductive charging pad with this concept including the parallel or series resonant capacitors.
Abstract
Description
- This application is a divisional of U.S. Non-Provisional application No. 13/887,528 filed on May 6, 2013, which claims benefit to provisional application No. 61/642,950, entitled Multiple Resonant Cells for Inductive Charging Pads, filed May 4. 2012, which provisional application is incorporated herein by reference.
- Inductive charging pads have grown in popularity but are still not gaining in popularity as fast as the wireless power industry would like. One of the selling points of wireless technology is that it relieves the consumer of the “transmitter” portion of a power supply in that the transmitter can be on a table in an airport lounge. This potentially would reduce the amount of weight that a consumer would carry to power his/her personal electronics. The main problem with wireless power is that it relies on the magnetic field, a very tightly coupled field that reduces drastically compared with other fields with distance. The reason that the magnetic field works at low distances is that it always appears as a dipole. The magnetic field must return back as a loop and it always favors the shortest path.
- What is desired in an inductive charging pad is a way that the magnetic field can be moved to where the power device is sitting to be able to adequately charge the device. There have been several techniques recently purposed. Some techniques are complex or expensive and, others flood the room with magnetic fields to able to compensate for the magnetic field near distance short comings.
- The ideal inductive charging pad would be one that in any place a receiver is placed; it would deliver efficient power to the receiver while being relatively. inexpensive. Another desired trait would be that the mat would be able to charge multiple devices each with its own power level. The last requirement is very difficult to achieve. The present invention addresses the first requirement and may address the second.
- The first technique of moving the magnetic field to where it is needed has been done by placing multiple coils in zones in the mat. Then each coil is individually controlled by a different set of switches. The idea is that there are multiple primary sections with each set of switches controlling a different coil. This can become expensive due to the amount of multiple switches needed. In addition each coil has to be polled to detect where the receiver is at. U.S. Pat. No. 7,164,255 by Hui Shu-Yuen illustrates this idea.
- Another technique came from the research of MIT, which is similar to the work of Tesla. In this idea, a small transmitter coil is used somewhere in the mat while a resonant coil that goes around the mat resonates at the frequency of transmission. This resonant coil rings with the transmitter at predefined frequency increasing in power with each successive ring. This resonant coil is used to flood the whole mat with, magnetic field. When a receiver is placed anywhere in the mat, the receiver acts as a dallying device in the system. The transmitter adds power to the ringing system while the receiver takes, power away. The amount of power ringing in the system is much larger than the power inject by the transmitter or received by the receiver. This method has the draw back of flooding the room with more power that would otherwise be needed. It is more susceptible to increased power loss into any conductive or magnetic objects in the room, including the housing of the receiver itself. Therefore, this method has proven to be less efficient and has a larger magnetic field that could impact health and violate electromagnetic compliance regulations.
- The accompanying drawings are described below in the context of this invention.
- This present invention provides a different way of targeting the magnetic field where it is needed and in the process reduces stray magnetic fields and increases efficiency. It also further reduces and not increases the stray magnetic field by using the magnetic field properties to its advantage.
-
FIG. 1 shows multiple windings in an inductive charging pad configured in series; -
FIG. 2 shows added capacitors in series with each winding; -
FIG. 3 shows how inductance increases due to increase in mutual inductance between one of the windings and receiver when the one winding is in close proximity to the receiver; -
FIG. 4 shows a mat configured with 3 cells with parallel inductance; -
FIG. 5 shows reversing resonances with parallel resonance cells in series; -
FIG. 6 shows resonance cells in parallel; and -
FIG. 7 shows an inductive charging pad with parallel or series resonant capacitors where there is alternating magnetic; polarization between the cells. - All wireless inductive charging pads are based on a converter that pushes a square wave into a primary winding. For the purpose of this disclosure the incoming waveform can be idealized as a current limited AC sine wave. Let's suppose we had multiple windings in an inductive charging pad (three of them in this illustration,
FIG. 1 ) configured in series. If we applied an. AC voltage betweenpoint 1 and the common, all of the windings would have an equal share of the voltage thus reducing the voltage at each winding by the number of windings in series. But if we added capacitors in series with each winding as shown inFIG. 2 and tuned the capacitors to be the same reactive impedance as the inductors then each set of winding plus capacitors would be very close to a short. If one of the windings was in close proximity to a receiver its inductance would change and no longer be in resonance with its capacitor. In this case the inductance would increase due to the increase in mutual inductance between this winding and the receiver (FIG. 3 ). This “detunes” this winding and most of the applied voltage would appear across this winding. - This effect would give what we desired. A voltage is applied where we need and as a consequence the magnetic field is increased in this section of the mat. If the receiver is moved to another location then another of the inductances would change and the original would return to being at a low impedance.
- This selection is accomplished passively by resonance of the capacitors to the leakage inductance of the circuit. The capacitors act as a passive switch that bypasses the current if no receiver is nearby.
- Another configuration that can be applied using the same idea is the parallel resonance.
FIG. 4 shows a mat configured with 3 cells with parallel resonance, In this case the impedance of the capacitance and the inductance are the same and together will produce an equivalent impedance of an open. The full voltage, is applied to all cell elements but each element will not draw current due to the resonance of the each element. When a receiver is put in close proximity to one of the cells, the inductance of that cell increases and that element will start to draw current. This current is able to power the receiver. Each of the cells that is in resonance draws very little current from the source and virtually all reactive current needed by the inductor is provided by the cell capacitance. - It is also possible to reverse the resonances by putting the parallel resonance cells in series or by putting the series resonance cells in parallel.
- This concept is illustrated in
FIG. 5 for series paralleled cells. In this concept the frequency of operation is below the resonance point. When one of the cells is in close proximity to a secondary receiver its inductance increase which puts it in resonance with the operating frequency. Its impedance increase and the majority of the input voltage is applied across it This effect is not as strong as the previous discussed effect since the cells operating in series with the resonant cell still have some impedance that will reduce the available voltage on this cell. - The converse is illustrated in
FIG. 6 . In this case all the series resonant cells are put in parallel. In this concept the source is again at a lower frequency than resonance. Each of the capacitors in the cells thus is a large impedance at this frequency in comparison with their inductances. Therefore, the individual inductances receive very little voltage. When a secondary is placed close to one of the cells its inductance will increase and produce a larger voltage on the primary of the transformer. In this case the cell becomes lower impedance and starts to draw more current. This extra current is applied to the load reflected from the secondary. This concept has the added benefit of reducing the magnetic field applied to regions that no secondary (receiver) exists. - In the previous concepts the actual construction of the mat has not been detailed. It is possible to layout all the windings in the same magnetic polarization. But it is beneficial to alternate the magnetic polarization between cells. This creates a coupling from cell to cell which must be compensated (will increase the starting inductance). But it produces a benefit that the magnetic field will diminish sooner with distance from the mat. This is due to creating multiple dipoles in opposite directions such that a larger distance the dipoles cancel the magnetic field. This seems counter intuitive since extending the magnetic field was the original intent. Since the magnetic field on the mat is very localized this is not needed and this added benefit will contain the magnetic field in a smaller space thus increasing efficiency overall.
FIG. 7 illustrates the construction of the inductive charging pad with this concept including the parallel or series resonant capacitors.
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/359,214 US10236119B2 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2016-11-22 | Multiple resonant cells wireless power mats |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261642950P | 2012-05-04 | 2012-05-04 | |
US13/887,528 US9530556B2 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2013-05-06 | Multiple resonant cells for wireless power mats |
US15/359,214 US10236119B2 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2016-11-22 | Multiple resonant cells wireless power mats |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/887,528 Division US9530556B2 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2013-05-06 | Multiple resonant cells for wireless power mats |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20170093202A1 true US20170093202A1 (en) | 2017-03-30 |
US10236119B2 US10236119B2 (en) | 2019-03-19 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US13/887,528 Active 2035-04-28 US9530556B2 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2013-05-06 | Multiple resonant cells for wireless power mats |
US15/359,214 Active 2034-02-18 US10236119B2 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2016-11-22 | Multiple resonant cells wireless power mats |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US13/887,528 Active 2035-04-28 US9530556B2 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2013-05-06 | Multiple resonant cells for wireless power mats |
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US (2) | US9530556B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2660948A3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
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FR2980925B1 (en) * | 2011-10-03 | 2014-05-09 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | ENERGY TRANSFER SYSTEM BY ELECTROMAGNETIC COUPLING |
JP5965741B2 (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2016-08-10 | オリンパス株式会社 | Medical wireless power supply system |
US10109413B2 (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2018-10-23 | The Trustees Of Dartmouth College | Multilayer conductors with integrated capacitors and associated systems and methods |
US9954375B2 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2018-04-24 | Witricity Corporation | Wireless power transfer systems for surfaces |
US20160181853A1 (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2016-06-23 | Intel Corporation | Low emission coil topology for wireless charging |
US11283295B2 (en) | 2017-05-26 | 2022-03-22 | Nucurrent, Inc. | Device orientation independent wireless transmission system |
US10978245B2 (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2021-04-13 | Wireless Advanced Vehicle Electrification, Inc. | Low voltage wireless power transfer pad |
CA3124345A1 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | Wireless Advanced Vehicle Electrification, Inc. | Wireless power transfer pad with multiple windings |
US11462943B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2022-10-04 | Wireless Advanced Vehicle Electrification, Llc | DC link charging of capacitor in a wireless power transfer pad |
US11437854B2 (en) | 2018-02-12 | 2022-09-06 | Wireless Advanced Vehicle Electrification, Llc | Variable wireless power transfer system |
US10950383B2 (en) | 2018-08-24 | 2021-03-16 | Etherdyne Technologies, Inc. | Large area power transmitter for wireless power transfer |
US11283303B2 (en) | 2020-07-24 | 2022-03-22 | Nucurrent, Inc. | Area-apportioned wireless power antenna for maximized charging volume |
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US11695302B2 (en) | 2021-02-01 | 2023-07-04 | Nucurrent, Inc. | Segmented shielding for wide area wireless power transmitter |
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-
2013
- 2013-05-06 US US13/887,528 patent/US9530556B2/en active Active
- 2013-05-06 EP EP13405054.1A patent/EP2660948A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-05-06 EP EP17179848.1A patent/EP3264564A1/en not_active Ceased
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2016
- 2016-11-22 US US15/359,214 patent/US10236119B2/en active Active
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EP2660948A8 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
US10236119B2 (en) | 2019-03-19 |
US20130307347A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
EP3264564A1 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
EP2660948A2 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
US9530556B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
EP2660948A3 (en) | 2015-06-24 |
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