DE102009013694A1 - Energy transfer system with multiple primary coils - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a primary-side device for a power transmission system for contactless transmission of electrical energy to at least one stationary or moving vehicle, wherein at least one secondary element is arranged on the vehicle, which can be coupled inductively by means of at least one coil with the primary-side device, wherein the coils of the primary side Device with at least one energy source, in particular in the form of an inverter, are connected or connectable, wherein the coils (S) of the primary-side device (1, 1 ') are arranged either in a row or in matrix form in rows (Z) and columns (Sp) wherein either the coils are arranged on the nodes of the rows and columns, or the coils extend as elongated coils along the rows and columns and intersect at the nodes.

Description

The The present invention relates to a primary-side device for a power transmission system for non-contact transmission electrical energy to at least one person standing or driving Vehicle, wherein on the vehicle at least one secondary element is arranged, which inductively by means of at least one coil can be coupled with the primary-side device, wherein the coils of the primary-side device with at least an energy source, in particular in the form of an inverter connected or connectable.

Various devices for transmitting electrical energy by means of induction are known from the prior art. Thus, on the one hand, systems are known in which primary conductors extend along the direction of travel of a vehicle, a medium-frequency high-current flowing through the primary conductors and at the electric field of which pick-up coils mounted on vehicles are inductively coupled around the primary conductor system with electrical energy into the vehicle via the pick-up coil. The primary conductors can be laid above ground both in the roadway and by means of appropriate holding devices. If the primary conductors are routed separately, they can be encompassed by an e-shaped pick-up for better coupling. If the primary conductors are laid in the ground, as z. B. from the DE 197 46 919 is already known, there is an air gap between the primary coil and the vehicle mounted pick-up coil.

at Electric vehicles, it is always necessary to those in the vehicle electrical energy storage either while driving or during standstill, z. B. in the garage or to charge in another parking lot. The charge is done preferably at night, where the vehicle is not needed and electricity is cheaper than during the day.

From the DE 42 36 286 a device for loading a stationary vehicle is previously known, wherein in the ground, z. B. in a garage, the primary-side device is arranged with a primary coil, which by means of a lifting device for reducing the air gap to the arranged below the vehicle pick-up coil is swung up. In this arrangement, it is necessary that the vehicle is parked exactly above the primary-side device, so that energy transfer can be carried out with high efficiency.

to accurate positioning of the vehicle are visual and acoustic Systems are known which indicate to the driver of the vehicle if and when that Vehicle has arrived at the correct parking position.

task the present invention is to provide a device in which a precise parking at a certain point is not necessary and yet an energy transfer with a high efficiency can be done.

A Another task is an inductive energy transmission system to provide for moving vehicles.

These Tasks are inventively by means of a Primary-side device with the features of the claim 1 solved.

advantageous Embodiments of the device according to the invention according to claim 1 result from the features of the claim 1 dependent claims.

The primary-side device according to the invention is designed such that a plurality of coils are arranged side by side or in rows and columns (matrix-shaped) and only the coil or coils inductive energy to the secondary element, which as known from the prior art pick-up with appropriate coil can be formed, transmitted to the vehicle, which are located in the vicinity of the pick-up coil or the secondary element. In this case, the primary-side coils can be actively connected by means of a switching device with an inverter, so that a resonant current flows through them. This system is called an active system. It is also possible that all the coils of the primary-side device are connected in parallel with each other, taking into account the necessary capacity to form corresponding resonant circuits on an inverter. The individual resonant circuits are adjusted so detuned that it requires the additional impedance of the secondary-side coil that a resonant current flows through the respective coil or the resonant circuit and thus a sufficiently strong magnetic field is built up, with enough electric power transmitted to the vehicle leaves. Such a system is referred to as a passive system because no active switching elements are needed. Due to the detuning of the individual resonant circuits flows through all the other coils that are not in the immediate vicinity of the secondary element, only a small current of the efficiency of the overall device only slightly deteriorated. In the passive system in which the primary circuit is highly inductive, the primary-side inductance is compensated when the more capacitive secondary circuit occurs. Thus, the secondary element is always needed, which changes the impedance of the primary-side coil as seen by the supply unit so that the system of primary and secondary side coil is optimally resonated with the system frequency used by the supply unit and there is constructed with a magnetic field corresponding to the power, wherein the other primary-side coils differ in impedance from the resonance situation, so that either the non-resonant primary-side coils due to the large reactance and resulting low primary-side outward current low to no have magnetic field or the change in impedance can be detected by measurement and can lead to a partial shutdown of the non-resonant coils by means of appropriate switching elements.

The Coils are preferably connected to an inverter, which has a Voltage or current generated from 10 to 100 kHz. The air gap between the Primary and secondary coils should be of the order of magnitude from 0-100 mm. The smaller the air gap, the better Of course, the efficiency of the overall system is better.

Provided the coils are arranged in a row, the coils can be designed as elongated coils, either transverse or parallel to the direction of travel of the vehicle next to each other can be arranged. Preferably, the coils are transverse arranged to the direction of travel, so that easy parking, especially in the garage. If the primary side Coils are arranged at the crossing points of rows and columns, they are advantageously formed circular. It is equally possible that the coils elongated elongated are and extend along the rows and columns and each other cross. In all devices described above the primary-side coils have one or more turns.

The Primary-side device can either be in the ground, z. B. the garage floor or a roadway, be arranged. However, it is also possible, the primary-side coils in one to arrange flat housing, which is formed is that a vehicle can drive over it. Thus, the Device according to the invention advantageously in one Garage or a parking space. The housing can Be made so stable that a vehicle with its tires can drive over it. However, it is also possible the dimension of the housing should be designed so that the housing fits exactly between the tires and thus the distance of the top edge of the housing to the underbody of the vehicle, in the area the secondary-side arrangement of the energy transmission system is reduced.

The Device according to the invention is not on it limited that only one vehicle over her parks or drives. Of course it is possible that form a primary-side arrangement over a large area, whereby sufficiently primary-side coils are to be provided, so that more than one vehicle above the primary side Park / drive device and can be charged. This is z. B. in public parking garages or for Roads useful with the invention Device are equipped. For such Device may include one or more central power supply stations and switching device are provided.

Of course is it possible on the primary side Inductively inductors in addition to the electrical energy to transmit data, as it is already known from the prior art. This is a communication without additional means of communication between the vehicle and the primary-side control device possible. So can after completed charging the primary-side used for transmission Coils are switched off by the inverter. Of course it is also possible that z. B. over radio transmission links a communication between vehicle and primary-side Switching device takes place.

Of course is it possible for an individual billing for every vehicle that uses electrical energy over the inventive device has been supplied, is made.

following be the various embodiments of the invention primary-side device and the overall system based on Drawings explained in more detail.

It demonstrate:

1 : Top view and front view of a parked vehicle with underlying primary-side device;

2 : first possible embodiment of the primary-side device according to the invention with a secondary element arranged above it;

3 : second possible embodiment of the primary-side device according to the invention;

4 : electrical wiring of the individual components of the primary-side device for a passive energy transmission system;

5 : Wiring of the primary-side coils for an active system;

6 : Overall electrical diagram for primary and secondary side for an active system;

7 : Electrical overall circuit diagram for primary and secondary side for a passive system without switching elements to switch off the individual primary-side oscillating circuits;

8th a third possible embodiment in which the primary-side coils extend in the direction of rows and columns and intersect each other;

9 : electrical wiring of the individual components of the primary-side device acc. 8th for a passive energy transmission system;

10 : electrical wiring of the individual components of the primary-side device acc. 8th for an active energy transmission system.

The 1 shows various views of a vehicle F with wheels R, which is parked on a floor Bo. On the floor Bo is the primary-side device 1 arranged over which the vehicle F must drive to reach the parking position. At the vehicle floor is the secondary element 2 arranged, which contains the secondary-side coil S _F. The vehicle F can with its secondary element 2 Park in principle arbitrarily. Only condition is that the secondary element 2 above the primary-side device 1 located. The more coils and the bigger the device 1 in their dimensions, the less precise the vehicle, z. In a garage.

The 2 shows a first possible embodiment of the primary-side device 1 which a housing 10 in which the primary-side coils S ₁ -S ₄ are arranged. The individual terminals S _AI , S _{BI of} the individual coils are in this embodiment individually from the housing 10 led out. It is of course possible that only a single cable with multiple electrical inlets and outlets from the device 1 out to the cabinet or inverter is led out. Of course, it is possible that the necessary capacity for forming the resonant circuits also in the housing 10 to be ordered. It is also possible, the or the necessary inverter or the feeding voltage or current sources and possibly required switching means also in the housing 10 to arrange.

The primary-side device 1 can be used both as a passive and as an active system. If the device is designed as an active system, that or those coil (s) can be detected by measuring the resonance conditions, which for energy transfer sufficient coupling to the secondary-side coil S _{F of} the secondary element 2 have or ways. The secondary element 2 is located at the distance d to the top of the housing 10 ,

In the active system, the primary coils are tuned by themselves weakly inductive, which results in a slight detuning. The feed can be done by means of constant voltage or impressed current. Also, the primary coils and secondary side coils can be deposited with ferrite material, as it is already known from the prior art. By laying the primary-side coils S ₁ -S ₄ transverse to the direction X results in a high lateral position tolerance of the secondary element. The use of ferrite plates below the primary-side coils results in little or no influence by iron below the housing 10 which z. B. is laid as probation in the soil Bo. By bundling the magnetic field, advantageously an increase in the transmission efficiency and reduction of the control inductance can be achieved. Due to the arrangement below the vehicle is always a sufficient ground clearance guarantee. In addition, there is a low power loss, since the power consumption depends on the load. The feeding circuit is simple because there is no reactive power in the active branch. If the system is operated as an active system, no current flows in the unused coils, since they are actively separated from the voltage sources by means of the control device and the switching means. Due to the detection of the position of the secondary coil thus results in a high positioning tolerance in the vehicle longitudinal direction. In order to further increase the positioning tolerance, many narrow coils can be arranged side by side, so that ultimately the resolution in the X direction is increased by the number of side by side and / or partially overlapping coils. Of course, it is possible to arrange the longitudinally extending coils parallel to the direction of travel X next to each other.

It is also possible, the primary-side device according to 2 form as a passive system, in which case the circuit according to 4 is formed with parallel to each other switched primary resonant circuits. The primary coils are each highly inductive tuned, resulting in a high detuning. Only by the presence of at least the secondary-side coil S _F , the impedance of the primary-side coil is then changed so that the system of primary and secondary side coil is optimally brought into resonance with the system frequency used by the feed unit and thus one of the power from the perspective of the feed unit corresponding magnetic field is built up. The other primary-side coils differ so much in impedance from the resonance situation that either the out-of-resonance primary-side coils have little to no magnetic field due to the large reactance and the resulting low primary-side current, or the change in impedance metrologically detected and a partial shutdown of the non-resonant coils is done by means of switching means.

The 3 shows a second possible embodiment of the primary-side device according to the invention, in which the primary-side coils are arranged matrix-shaped side by side parallel to the bottom surface. The coils S ₁₁ -S _{55 are arranged} in five rows Z ₁ -Z ₅ and five columns Sp ₁ -Sp ₅ at the crossing points of the columns and rows. The connection lines of the individual coils S ₁₁ -S ₅₅ are not shown. The housing 10 has sloping side surfaces, so that accidental driving over with the tires of the vehicle neither damage the case 10 still the tire leads itself. This embodiment of the primary-side device 1' can be operated either as an active or as a passive system. Reference is made to the above description.

The 4 shows the wiring of a passive system with inverter 4 , Supply lines 5 . 6 and connected in parallel to the series resonant circuits C ₁ , S ₁ to C _n , Sn, the coils S ₁ -S _n are tuned for themselves highly inductive, so that there is a high detuning. Only through the inductance L _{PU of} the pick-up coil S _F (see 7 ) there is a resonance condition for the respective coil (s) S _i , above which the pick-up coil S _{F of} the vehicle is located.

Of course it is possible that even with the parallel circuit in the passive system, the individual series resonant circuits by means not shown switching elements from the inverter 4 can be disconnected. For this purpose, separate sensor circuits or current measurements are necessary so that the change in the impedance of the series resonant circuit can be detected by measurement.

The 5 shows the wiring of an active system, wherein the supply lines 5 ₁ to 5 _n can be selectively separated by means not shown switching means, so that only one or certain coils S ₁ -S _{n are used} for the transmission of electrical energy.

The 6 and 7 show the total circuit diagrams for primary side and secondary side for an active system ( 6 ) and a passive system ( 7 ).

The 8th shows a third possible embodiment of the invention, in which the elongated coils S1x to S4x parallel to the rows Z1 to Z4 and the elongated coils S1y to S4y are arranged parallel to the columns Sp1 to Sp4. Of course, any number of rows and columns and thus coils can be provided. Also, the width of the elongated coils and their length is arbitrary. Likewise, the number of turns of each coil must be adjusted to the system requirements. This embodiment can also be operated as an active or passive system. The schematic diagrams for this are in the 9 and 10 shown. A particularly strong magnetic field can be generated in the region of the overlapping coils. Thus, for example, the magnetic field in the field B ₃₁ can be generated by the selective energization of the coils S3x and S1y, if the system is designed as an active system. In a passive system, the resonant circuits are to be designed such that the resonance condition for the coils S3x and S1y sets as soon as the secondary element is above the field B ₃₁ .

The rows and columns are not necessarily arranged at 90 ° to each other. So it is also possible that the rows and columns converge at an acute or obtuse angle. So the individual coils can also diagonal to the road or in the housing 10 run or arranged.

Provided the inventive device for supply moving vehicles, e.g. B. on a street used is, the secondary element moves over the primary-side device. It goes without saying in an active system, the coils adapted to the driving speed be controlled or switched. Reduced in a passive system the circuit complexity, since the resonance conditions Depending on the system, always set where the secondary element is located located.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 19746919 [0002]
• - DE 4236286 [0004]

Claims (22)

Primary-side device for an energy transmission system for non-contact transmission of electrical energy to at least one stationary or moving vehicle, wherein at least one secondary element is arranged on the vehicle, which is inductively coupled by means of at least one coil with the primary-side device, wherein the coils of the primary-side device with at least one Energy source, in particular in the form of an inverter, are connected or connectable, characterized in that the coils (S _i ) of the primary-side device ( 1 . 1' ) are arranged either in a row or are arranged in matrix form in rows (Z _i ) and columns (Sp _i ), wherein either the coils are arranged on the nodes of the rows and columns or the coils extend as elongated coils along the rows and columns and cross in the area of the nodes. Primary-side device according to claim 1, characterized in that only the coil or coils (S _i ) of the primary-side device ( 1 . 1' ) is traversed by a, in particular sufficient, strong current or are by means of which an energy transfer with sufficient efficiency to the at least one secondary element takes place or at least a minimum distance to the at least one secondary element ( 2 ) are located. Primary-side device according to claim 2, characterized in that a control device switching means controls, wherein the control device only the coil or coils connects by means of the switching means with an inverter, by means of which an energy transfer with sufficient efficiency the at least one secondary element takes place or is itself in a minimum distance to the at least one secondary element are located. Primary-side device according to claim 3, characterized in that the control device by means of the switching means, the coils (S _i ) successively briefly with the inverter ( 4 ), and only the coil or coils (S _i ) permanently or for the duration of the charging process with the inverter ( 4 ), in which a sufficient resonance occurs together with the secondary element ( 2 ). Primary-side device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coils (S _i ) of the primary device ( 1 . 1' ) are each components of primary oscillating circuits, wherein the primary oscillating circuits without a sufficient proximity of at least one secondary element ( 2 ) are electrically detuned so that only a negligible current flows through the respective coil, and that at a sufficient approximation of at least one secondary element ( 2 ) to a coil (S _i ) of a primary resonant circuit of this resonant circuit comes into resonance. Primary-side device according to claim 5, characterized in that the primary-side coils (S _i ) are highly inductive tuned for themselves. Primary-side device according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the primary-side coils (S _i ) are connected in parallel with one another and are connected to a feeding inverter (S _i ). 4 ) are connected. Primary-side device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coils (S _i ) by means of at least one switching means from the inverter ( 4 ) can be decoupled. Primary-side device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary-side coils (S _i ) are arranged side by side, overlapping and or crossing each other. Primary-side device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary-side coils (S _i ) in the bottom (Bo), in particular the carriageway or the garage floor, or in a flat housing ( 10 ) are arranged, wherein the housing ( 10 ) in particular below a vehicle (F) on the floor (Bo) is placeable or passable. Primary-side device according to claim 10, characterized in that the capacitors (C _i ) of the primary-side oscillating circuits with in the housing ( 10 ) are arranged. Primary-side device according to claim 11, characterized in that the inverter ( 4 ) in the housing ( 10 ) is arranged. Primary-side device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coils (S _i ) in the direction of travel (X) are arranged in a row one behind the other, wherein the individual coils (S _i ) are elongated and with its long side transverse or diagonal to the direction of travel (X) extend. Primary-side device according to claim 13, characterized in that the individual coils (S _i ) have a length which is almost or over the entire width of the housing ( 10 ) or the roadway. Primary-side device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each primary-side coil (S _i ) is a sensor for detecting a secondary element ( 2 ) assigned. Primary-side device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inverter ( 4 ) determines the current strength of the individual coils (S _i ) flowing through currents and controls the switching means based on the measured currents. Primary-side device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary-side device ( 1 . 1' ) has a communication device that communicates with a communication device of the vehicle. Primary-side device according to claim 17, characterized in that the control device via the communication device receives commands from the vehicle (F) and the energy transfer to the vehicle (F) controls. Primary-side device according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that via the primary-side device ( 1 . 1' ) Loading and / or unloading of the vehicle (F) located electrical energy storage takes place. Primary-side device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the rows and Columns at an angle of 35 ° to 90 °, preferably Are arranged 90 ° to each other. Primary-side device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coil supplying power source (s) or Voltage source (s) a current or voltage of 10 to 100 kHz generates or generate. Energy transfer system for non-contact stationary transmission of electrical energy to a stationary vehicle (F) using a primary-side device ( 1 . 1' ) according to any one of the preceding claims.