US20170031197A1 - Liquid crystal display - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display Download PDFInfo
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- US20170031197A1 US20170031197A1 US15/292,216 US201615292216A US2017031197A1 US 20170031197 A1 US20170031197 A1 US 20170031197A1 US 201615292216 A US201615292216 A US 201615292216A US 2017031197 A1 US2017031197 A1 US 2017031197A1
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- liquid crystal
- crystal display
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
- G02F1/13394—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells spacers regularly patterned on the cell subtrate, e.g. walls, pillars
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133345—Insulating layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
- G02F1/134363—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/13439—Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
- G02F1/136286—Wiring, e.g. gate line, drain line
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
- G02F1/134372—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for fringe field switching [FFS] where the common electrode is not patterned
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
- G02F1/136286—Wiring, e.g. gate line, drain line
- G02F1/136295—Materials; Compositions; Manufacture processes
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- G02F2001/134372—
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/12—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode
- G02F2201/121—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode common or background
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/12—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode
- G02F2201/123—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode pixel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display, and more particularly to a liquid crystal display including a plurality of pixels.
- a liquid crystal display includes an array substrate, an opposite substrate arranged to oppose the array substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the array substrate and the opposite substrate, for example.
- the array substrate or the opposite substrate includes a light shielding section having a lattice shape in a plan view.
- the light shielding section defines a plurality of pixels.
- the array substrate includes a thin film transistor (TFT) serving as a switching element.
- TFT thin film transistor
- an electric field is formed in the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage between a pixel electrode provided in each of a plurality of pixels and a common electrode provided to be common to the plurality of pixels.
- display is performed based on image data. For example, an image is displayed outside the opposite substrate.
- a spacer section is formed between the array substrate and the opposite substrate in order to maintain a spacing between the array substrate and the opposite substrate and maintain the thickness of the liquid crystal layer constant.
- the spacer section is fixed to the opposite substrate, for example.
- the spacer section is arranged to overlap the light shielding section in a plan view.
- Patent Literature 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-186148 (Patent Literature 1) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-181786 (Patent Literature 2), for example, discuss a liquid crystal display in which a spacer section formed between an array substrate and an opposite substrate is arranged to overlap a light shielding section in a plan view.
- the array substrate or the opposite substrate may be deflected by application of a force from the outside, so that the array substrate and the opposite substrate may shift from each other in a transverse direction, i.e., in a direction parallel to a surface of the array substrate or a surface of the opposite substrate.
- a spacer section may come close to the surface of the array substrate in apart arranged inside each of pixels in a plan view, and an oriented film formed on the surface of the array substrate in the part arranged inside each of the pixels in a plan view may be damaged. As a result, light may leak from a damaged part of the oriented film.
- the present invention has been made to solve a problem in the above-described conventional technique and is directed to providing a liquid crystal display capable of preventing or inhibiting, even if an array substrate and an opposite substrate shift from each other, a spacer section from coming close to a surface of the array substrate in a part arranged inside each of pixels.
- a liquid crystal display as an aspect of the present invention includes: a first substrate having a first main surface; a second substrate having a second main surface and arranged to oppose the first substrate so that the second main surface and the first main surface of the first substrate oppose each other; and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first main surface of the first substrate and the second main surface of the second substrate.
- the liquid crystal display includes a light shielding section provided to overlap the first substrate and the second substrate in a plan view and including a plurality of first extension portions extending in a first direction and a plurality of second extension portions extending in a second direction crossing the first direction in a plan view.
- the liquid crystal display includes a plurality of pixels defined by the plurality of first extension portions and the plurality of second extension portions in a plan view. Further, the liquid crystal display includes: a first wiring provided to project toward a side of the second substrate from the first main surface of the first substrate; and a spacer section provided to project toward a side of the first substrate from the second main surface of the second substrate.
- the first wiring is arranged within a region provided with any one of the plurality of first extension portions, and extends in the first direction in a plan view, and a length of the spacer section in the second direction is larger than a width of the spacer section in the first direction.
- the spacer section is arranged to cross the first wiring in a crossing region where any one of the plurality of second extension portions and any one of the first extension portions cross each other in a plan view.
- the spacer section may be arranged within a region provided with any one of the second extension portions in a plan view.
- the light shielding section may include a light shielding portion for spacer section that shields the spacer section from light, and the spacer section may be arranged within a region provided with the light shielding portion for spacer section in a plan view.
- the liquid crystal display may include a second wiring provided to project toward a side of the second substrate from the first main surface of the first substrate, and the second wiring may be arranged to cross the first wiring in the crossing region, and extend in the second direction in a plan view.
- the liquid crystal display may include: each of a plurality of first electrodes, provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate, inside each of a plurality of pixels arranged in the first direction among the plurality of pixels; and a second electrode provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate to overlap each of the plurality of first electrodes in a plan view.
- the first wiring may be electrically connected to the second electrode, and an electric field may be formed between each of the plurality of first electrodes and the second electrode, so that an image is displayed.
- the liquid crystal display may include: a plurality of gate wirings provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate, and extending in the first direction in a plan view; a plurality of source wirings provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate, and extending in the second direction in a plan view; and a plurality of transistors respectively arranged in a plurality of crossing parts where the plurality of gate wirings and the plurality of source wirings cross each other.
- the light shielding section may be provided in the second substrate.
- the liquid crystal display may include: a plurality of gate wirings provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate, and extending in the second direction in a plan view; a plurality of source wirings provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate, and extending in the first direction in a plan view; and a plurality of transistors respectively arranged in a plurality of crossing parts where the plurality of gate wirings and the plurality of source wirings cross each other.
- the light shielding section is provided in the second substrate.
- the liquid crystal display may include a third electrode extending in the second direction in a plan view, and an input position is detected based on a capacitance between the third electrode and the first wiring.
- the liquid crystal display may include: a plurality of gate wirings provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate, and extending in the second direction in a plan view; and a first insulating film provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate to cover the plurality of gate wirings.
- the liquid crystal display may include a plurality of source wirings provided on the first insulating film, and extending in the first direction in a plan view.
- the plurality of gate wirings may be respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality of second extension portions in a plan view
- the plurality of source wirings may be respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality of first extension portions in a plan view.
- the liquid crystal display may include: a plurality of openings respectively provided by penetrating the first insulating film in parts overlapping the plurality of pixels in a plan view; and a second insulating film provided to be embedded in each of the plurality of openings and to cover the first insulating film and the plurality of source wirings.
- the liquid crystal display may include a plurality of recesses respectively formed on an upper surface of the second insulating film in parts overlapping each of the plurality of openings in a plan view.
- the liquid crystal display may include: each of a plurality of first electrodes, provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate, inside each of a plurality of pixels arranged in the first direction among the plurality of pixels; and a second electrode provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate to overlap each of the plurality of pixels arranged in the first direction in a plan view.
- the second electrode may be provided apart from each of the plurality of first electrodes in a plan view
- the first wiring may be may be formed between each of the plurality of first electrodes and the second electrode, so that an image is displayed.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal display according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a plan view illustrating a first modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating a second modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 7 is a plan view illustrating a third modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is explanatory view illustrating a state where a finger has contacted and come close to a touch panel
- FIG. 9 is explanatory view illustrating an example of an equivalent circuit of a state where a finger has contacted and come close to the touch panel
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating an example of a driving electrode and a detection electrode
- FIG. 11 is a plan view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal display according to a second embodiment
- FIG. 12 is a plan view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment
- FIG. 14 is across-sectional view illustrating another example of the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a plan view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal display according to a third embodiment
- FIG. 16 is a plan view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is across-sectional view illustrating another example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a plan view illustrating a first modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a plan view illustrating the first modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the first modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a plan view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal display according to a fourth embodiment
- FIG. 23 is a plan view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal display according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the fourth embodiment.
- hatching is omitted in some cases even in a cross-sectional view so as to make the drawings easy to see. Still further, hatching is used in some cases even in a plan view so as to make the drawings easy to see.
- a liquid crystal display 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- a Fringe Field Switching (FFS)-mode liquid crystal display serving as a color-display transverse electric field system will be described as an example of the liquid crystal display.
- the transverse electric field system is a system in which a pair of electrodes is provided while being insulated from each other on the side of a liquid crystal layer of either one of an array substrate and an opposite substrate, and an electric field in a substantially transverse direction is formed in the liquid crystal layer.
- An FFS mode is one transverse electric field system in which the pair of electrodes is arranged to overlap each other in a plan view.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are plan views illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views along a line A-A illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a state where the liquid crystal display 100 is seen through by removing a part, other than a light shielding section 5 and a spacer section 7 , of an opposite substrate 3 , and a liquid crystal layer 4 for ease of understanding.
- illustration of a part of an array substrate 1 is omitted for ease of understanding.
- the liquid crystal display 100 includes the array substrate 1 , the opposite substrate 3 , and the liquid crystal layer 4 .
- the array substrate 1 has a surface 1 a serving as a main surface
- the opposite substrate 3 has a surface 3 a serving as a main surface.
- the opposite substrate 3 is arranged to oppose the array substrate 1 so that the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 and the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 oppose each other.
- the liquid crystal layer 4 is sandwiched between the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 and the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 .
- the liquid crystal display 100 includes the light shielding section 5 .
- the light shielding section 5 is provided to overlap the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 in a plan view, and has alight shielding property for blocking light. That is, the light shielding section 5 blocks incident light, which has been incident on the liquid crystal layer 4 from a light source, for example, so that the incident light does not reach the liquid crystal layer 4 .
- the light shielding section 5 blocks transmitted light, which has been transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 4 after being incident thereon from a light source, for example, so that the transmitted light does not reach a viewer.
- the light shielding section 5 can include a light shielding film referred to as a black matric, which is provided in the array substrate 1 or the opposite substrate 3 , for example.
- the light shielding section 5 can include a wiring pattern having a light shielding property such as a gate wiring 11 or a source wiring 13 , described below, provided in the array substrate 1 , for example.
- a plan view means a case “viewed from a direction perpendicular to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 or viewed from a direction perpendicular to the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 ”.
- the light shielding section 5 is composed of a light shielding film provided in the opposite substrate 3
- two directions crossing each other and preferably perpendicular to each other in a plan view are respectively an X-axis direction and a Y-axis direction.
- the light shielding section 5 includes a plurality of extension portions 51 extending in the X-axis direction and arranged apart from one another in the Y-axis direction, and a plurality of extension portions 52 extending in the Y-axis direction and arranged apart from one another in the X-axis direction.
- the liquid crystal display 100 has a plurality of sub-pixels SPix.
- the plurality of sub-pixels SPix are defined by the plurality of extension portions 51 included in the light shielding section 5 and the plurality of extension portions 52 included in the light shielding section 5 . That is, the plurality of sub-pixels SPix are respectively provided in a plurality of opening regions 53 defined by the plurality of extension portions 51 included in the light shielding section 5 and the plurality of extension portions 52 included in the light shielding section 5 .
- the opening region 53 is an opening region formed in the light shielding section 5 .
- the plurality of sub-pixels SPix are arranged in a matrix shape in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and the plurality of opening regions 53 are arranged in a matrix shape in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
- Each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix displays any one of three colors, e.g., red (R), green (G), and blue (B).
- the three sub-pixels SPix which respectively display red (R), green (G), and blue (B), constitute one pixel.
- the sub-pixels SPix and the opening regions 53 in a case where the light shielding section 5 is provided in the opposite substrate 3 mean regions defined by the plurality of extension portions 51 and the plurality of extension portions 52 when the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 do not shift from each other.
- the liquid crystal display 100 is not limited to three-color display.
- sub-pixels SPix in two or less colors can also constitute one pixel.
- sub-pixels SPix in four or more colors can also constitute one pixel (the same is true for each of embodiments described below).
- the array substrate 1 includes a transparent substrate 10 as a base.
- the transparent substrate 10 has a surface 10 a serving as one main surface and a reverse surface 10 b serving as a surface on the opposite side of the surface 10 a and the other main surface.
- the transparent substrate 10 is composed of glass, quartz, or plastic having a transparent insulating property.
- a plurality of gate wirings 11 are provided on the surface 10 a of the transparent substrate 10 . That is, the plurality of gate wirings 11 are provided on the side of the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- the plurality of gate wirings 11 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 51 , and extend in the X-axis direction in a plan view.
- Each of the plurality of gate wirings 11 is composed of an opaque metal such as aluminum (Al) or molybdenum (Mo).
- a gate electrode 11 a extends from the gate wiring 11 in a crossing part between a source wiring 13 described below and the gate wiring 11 .
- “provided on the side of the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 ” means a case “provided in direct contact with the surface 10 a of the transparent substrate 10 on the surface 10 a ”, and a case “provided apart from the surface 10 a of the transparent substrate 10 above the surface 10 a”.
- An insulating film 12 serving as a gate insulating film is provided to cover the gate wirings 11 and the gate electrodes 11 a . That is, the insulating film 12 is provided on the side of the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- the insulating film 12 is a transparent insulating film composed of silicon nitride or silicon oxide, for example.
- a plurality of source wirings 13 are provided on the insulating film 12 . That is, the plurality of source wirings 13 are provided on the side of the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- the plurality of source wirings 13 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 52 , and extend in the Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- Each of the plurality of source wirings 13 is composed of an opaque metal such as aluminum (Al) or molybdenum (Mo).
- a source electrode 13 a extends from the source wiring 13 in the crossing part between the source wiring 13 and the gate wiring 11 .
- a semiconductor layer 14 is provided on the insulating film 12 in parts respectively overlapping the gate electrodes 11 a in a plan view.
- the semiconductor layer 14 is composed of amorphous silicon or polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon), for example.
- the above-described source electrode 13 a contacts a part of the semiconductor layer 14 .
- Drain electrodes 15 composed of the same material as that for the source wirings 13 and the source electrodes 13 a are provided on the insulating film 12 .
- the drain electrode 15 is arranged in close to the source electrode 13 a , and partially contacts the semiconductor layer 14 .
- the drain electrode 15 includes a conductive film formed in the same layer as a conductive film included in the source wiring 13 .
- the drain electrode 15 can be formed in a process identical to a process for forming the source wiring 13 .
- a plurality of thin film transistors (TFT) 16 are respectively arranged and provided in a plurality of crossing parts where the plurality of gate wirings 11 and the plurality of source wirings 13 cross each other.
- Each of the plurality of TFTs 16 is a switching element constituted by the gate electrode 11 a , the insulating film 12 , the source electrode 13 a , the semiconductor layer 14 , and the drain electrode 15 .
- the plurality of TFTs 16 are provided on the side of the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- an interlayer resin film 17 is provided to cover the plurality of source wirings 13 , the plurality of TFTs 16 , and an exposed part of the insulating film 12 .
- the interlayer resin film 17 is a flattening film, and covers the plurality of source wirings 13 , the plurality of TFTs 16 , and the exposed part of the insulating film 12 while flattening an uneven surface including respective upper surfaces of the plurality of source wirings 13 , the plurality of TFTs 16 , and the insulating film 12 .
- the interlayer resin film 17 is composed of a transparent resin material such as a photoresist.
- Common electrodes 18 are provided on the interlayer resin film 17 . That is, the common electrodes 18 are provided on the side of the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- the common electrode 18 is composed of a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO).
- ITO indium tin oxide
- IZO indium zinc oxide
- the common electrodes 18 are continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. In an example illustrated in FIG. 2 , the common electrodes 18 are continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the X-axis direction. In the example illustrated in FIG. 2 , the common electrodes 18 are provided to respectively overlap a plurality of pixel electrodes 20 , which will be described below, arranged in the X-axis direction, and extend in the X-axis direction in a plan view.
- the common electrodes 18 may be continuously and integrally provided, when the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the X-axis direction constitute a sub-pixel group, to respectively overlap a plurality of sub-pixel groups arranged in the Y-axis direction.
- the single common electrode 18 may be provided to overlap the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in a matrix shape in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
- a plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 are provided on the interlayer resin film 17 . That is, the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 are provided on the side of the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- Each of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 is composed of a metal film.
- the metal film is composed of an opaque metal such as aluminum (Al) or molybdenum (Mo).
- the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 51 , and extend in the X-axis direction in a plan view. Each of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 is provided to project toward the side of the opposite substrate 3 from the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 means a surface of the oriented film 21 provided on the side of the surface 10 a of the transparent substrate 10 in a part not provided with the auxiliary wirings 6 .
- the auxiliary wirings 6 need not be respectively provided within all the regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 51 , or may be provided in every other one or every other one or more of the regions. That is, the auxiliary wiring 6 may be arranged within the region provided with any one of the plurality of extension portions 51 .
- the common electrode 18 is provided so that a peripheral edge of the common electrode 18 overlaps any one of the plurality of extension portions 51 in a plan view.
- any one of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 is provided on the common electrode 18 in a part overlapping any one of the extension portions 51 in a plan view. Therefore, anyone of the auxiliary wirings 6 is electrically connected to the common electrode 18 .
- the auxiliary wiring 6 has a lower electric resistivity than the electric resistivity of the transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO included in the common electrode 18 . Therefore, the auxiliary wiring 6 is electrically connected to the common electrode 18 , so that the electric resistance of the common electrode 18 can be reduced. Thus, the performance of the liquid crystal display can be improved, such as that a time constant can be shortened.
- An inter-electrode insulating film 19 is provided to cover the common electrodes 18 . That is, the inter-electrode insulating film 19 is provided on the side of the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- the inter-electrode insulating film 19 is a transparent insulating film composed of silicon nitride or silicon oxide, for example.
- the plurality of pixel electrodes 20 are provided on the inter-electrode insulating film 19 .
- Each of the plurality of pixel electrodes 20 is composed of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO.
- Each of the plurality of pixel electrodes 20 is provided on the side of the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 inside each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. Therefore, the common electrodes 18 are provided to respectively overlap the plurality of pixel electrodes 20 arranged in the X-axis direction, for example, in a plan view.
- the common electrode 18 and the pixel electrode 20 oppose each other via the inter-electrode insulating film 19 inside each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix.
- the inter-electrode insulating film 19 is provided to cover the auxiliary wirings 6 provided on the common electrodes 18 within the region provided with each of the extension portion 51 in a plan view.
- a contact hole (not illustrated), which penetrates the inter-electrode insulating film 19 and the interlayer resin film 17 to reach the drain electrode 15 , is formed, and the pixel electrode 20 is electrically connected to the drain electrode 15 exposed to the bottom of the contact hole in a plan view.
- the common electrode 18 may be provided above the pixel electrode 20 .
- FIG. 4 Such an example is illustrated in FIG. 4 .
- an opening 18 a is formed in the common electrode 18 .
- the common electrode 18 is provided on the auxiliary wiring 6 . That is, the auxiliary wiring 6 may be provided under the common electrode 18 .
- the pixel electrode 20 is omitted in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- the pixel electrode 20 provided inside each of the sub-pixels SPix is illustrated as the one including only one extension portion extending in the Y-axis direction, for example.
- the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment is an FFS-mode liquid crystal display.
- the pixel electrode 20 may have a come-tooth shape including a plurality of extension portions, i.e., comb teeth extending in the Y-axis direction and arranged in the X-axis direction, for example, in a plan view (the same is true for a second embodiment and a third embodiment, described below).
- a fringe electric field is formed between the pixel electrode 20 and the common electrode 18 via a slit provided between the two extension portions adjacent to each other, i.e., the comb teeth, so that an oriented state of a liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 4 changes (the same is true for the second embodiment and the third embodiment).
- An oriented film 21 is provided to cover the pixel electrodes 20 and an exposed part of the inter-electrode insulating film 19 . That is, the oriented film 21 is provided on the side of the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- the oriented film 21 is composed of polyimide, for example.
- the oriented film 21 is subjected to rubbing processing in a positive direction in the Y-axis direction illustrated in FIG. 1 , for example.
- the opposite substrate 3 includes a transparent substrate 30 as a base.
- the transparent substrate 30 has a surface 30 a serving as one main surface and a reverse surface 30 b serving as a surface on the opposite side of the substrate 30 a and the other main surface.
- the transparent substrate 30 is composed of glass, quartz, or plastic having a transparent insulating property.
- the transparent substrate 30 is arranged to oppose the transparent substrate 10 so that the surface 10 a of the transparent substrate 10 and the surface 30 a of the transparent substrate 30 oppose each other.
- the light shielding section 5 is provided on the surface 30 a of the transparent substrate 30 . That is, the light shielding section 5 is provided on the side of the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 .
- the light shielding section 5 is provided to overlap each of the plurality of gate wirings 11 and each of the plurality of source wirings 13 in a plan view.
- the light shielding section 5 has a light shielding property for blocking light, is composed of resin or a metal, for example, and is referred to as a black matrix.
- the light shielding section 5 includes the plurality of extension portions 51 extending in the X-axis direction and arranged apart from one another in the Y-axis direction, and the plurality of extension portions 52 extending in the Y-axis direction and arranged apart from one another in the X-axis direction in a plan view.
- the plurality of extension portions 51 are provided so that the gate wirings 11 are respectively arranged within the regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 51 in a plan view.
- the plurality of extension portions 52 are provided so that the source wirings 13 are respectively arranged within the regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 52 in a plan view.
- “provided on the side of the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 ” includes a case “provided in direct contact with the surface 30 a of the transparent substrate 30 ”, and a case “arranged apart from the surface 30 a of the transparent substrate 30 ”.
- the width of the extension portion 51 in the Y-axis direction is larger than the width of the extension portion 52 in the X-axis direction.
- the TFT 16 provided in the crossing part between the gate wiring 11 and the source wiring 13 can be arranged within the region provided with the extension portion 51 .
- a plurality of color filter layers 32 are provided on the surface 30 a of the transparent substrate 30 . That is, the plurality of color filter layers 32 are provided on the side of the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 .
- the plurality of color filter layers 32 are respectively arranged inside the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. In the plurality of sub-pixels SPix, the color filter layers 32 , which transmit lights in different colors depending on the sub-pixels SPix, are respectively arranged.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the color filter layer 32 a serving as a color filter layer 32 that transmits light in red (R), for example, and the color filter layer 32 c serving as a color filter layer 32 that transmits light in blue (B), for example.
- An overcoat layer 33 is provided to cover the light shielding section 5 and the plurality of color filter layers 32 . That is, the overcoat layer 33 is provided on the side of the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 .
- the overcoat layer 33 is composed of a transparent resin material such as a photoresist.
- the overcoat layer 33 flattens a step caused by each of the plurality of color filter layers 32 .
- the overcoat layer 33 prevents impurities flowing out of either one of the light shielding section 5 and the plurality of color filter layers 32 from entering the liquid crystal layer 4 .
- the spacer section 7 is provided on the overcoat layer 33 . That is, the spacer section 7 is provided on the side of the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 .
- the spacer section 7 keeps a spacing between the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 constant and keeps the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 4 constant.
- the spacer section 7 is a photo spacer composed of a transparent resin material such as a photoresist.
- the spacer section 7 is provided to project toward the side of the array substrate 1 from the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 .
- the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 means a surface of an oriented film 35 provided on the side of the surface 30 a of the transparent substrate 30 in a part not provided with the spacer section 7 .
- the spacer section 7 need not be provided around all the plurality of sub-pixels SPix. That is, for example, one spacer section 7 may be provided for the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the X-axis direction. Alternatively, one spacer section 7 may be provided for the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the Y-axis direction.
- the oriented film 35 is provided to cover the spacer section 7 and the overcoat layer 33 . That is, the oriented film 35 is provided on the side of the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 .
- the oriented film 35 is composed of polyimide, for example.
- the oriented film 35 is subjected to rubbing processing in an opposite direction to the oriented film 21 provided in the array substrate 1 .
- the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 are arranged to oppose each other, i.e., oppositely arranged via the auxiliary wirings 6 and the spacer section 7 .
- a sealing material (not illustrated) is provided between an outer peripheral part of the array substrate 1 and an outer peripheral part of the opposite substrate 3 .
- An area between the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 oppositely arranged is filled with the liquid crystal layer 4 .
- auxiliary wiring and the spacer section in the liquid crystal display 100 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 .
- the auxiliary wiring, which crosses the spacer section 7 , among the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 will be described below.
- the auxiliary wiring 6 is arranged within the region provided with any one of the plurality of extension portions 51 , and extends in the X-axis direction in a plan view.
- the auxiliary wiring 6 is electrically connected to the common electrode 18 .
- the auxiliary wiring 6 is provided to project toward the side of the opposite substrate 3 from the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- the spacer section 7 has a shape having a length in the Y-axis direction, e.g., an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape in a plan view. That is, the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 in the Y-axis direction is larger than the width WD 1 of the spacer section 7 in the X-axis direction in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 is arranged to cross the auxiliary wiring 6 in a crossing region CR 1 where any one of the extension portions 51 and any one of the plurality of extension portions 52 cross each other in a plan view. Therefore, the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 in the Y-axis direction is larger than the width WD 2 of the auxiliary wiring 6 in the Y-axis direction.
- the spacer section 7 is provided to project toward the side of the array substrate 1 from the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 .
- the array substrate 1 or the opposite substrate 3 is deflected by application of a force from the outside during processes for manufacturing the liquid crystal display or during use of the liquid crystal display, for example, so that the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 may shift from each other in a transverse direction, i.e., in a direction parallel to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 or the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 .
- the spacer section 7 comes close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view.
- the oriented film 21 formed on the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view may be damaged. As a result, light may leak from a damaged part of the oriented film 21 .
- the spacer section 7 comes close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 ” means that the spacer section 7 contacts the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 or the spacer section 7 contacts the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 via the oriented film 35 in addition to approaching the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- FIG. 2 illustrates a case where the spacer section 7 shifts in an oblique direction DR 1 from its original position, for example, by the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 shifting from each other in the transverse direction.
- the center of the spacer section 7 overlaps the array substrate 1 in a part arranged within an opening region 53 a serving as the opening region 53 in a plan view while an end 71 of the spacer section 7 overlaps the auxiliary wiring 6 in a plan view. Therefore, the spacer section 7 is supported by the auxiliary wiring 6 .
- a spacing is still provided between the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged within the opening region 53 a and the spacer section 7 in a plan view, so that both the surface 1 a and the spacer section 7 do not contact each other.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a case where the spacer section 7 shifts in an oblique direction DR 2 from its original position, for example, by the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 shifting from each other in the transverse direction.
- the center of the spacer section 7 overlaps the array substrate 1 in a part arranged within an opening region 53 b serving as the opening region 53 in a plan view while an end 72 of the spacer section 7 overlaps the auxiliary wiring 6 in a plan view. Therefore, the spacer section 7 is supported by the auxiliary wiring 6 .
- a spacing is still provided between the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged within the opening region 53 b and the spacer section 7 in a plan view, so that both the surface 1 a and the spacer section 7 do not contact each other.
- the spacer section 7 is prevented or inhibited from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view.
- the oriented film 21 formed on the surface 1 a can be prevented or inhibited from being damaged.
- the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 in the Y-axis direction preferably satisfies the following equation (1):
- the length LN 1 is larger than twice of the maximum shift amount SH 1 . Still more preferably, when the width of the extension portion 51 is WD 3 , the length LN 1 satisfies the following equation (2):
- the spacer section 7 can be more reliably prevented from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix as the length LN 1 increases.
- the spacer section 7 is prevented or inhibited from coming close to the surface of the array substrate 1 (the same is true for each of the embodiments described below).
- a liquid crystal display has a projection provided to project from a surface of an array substrate.
- the array substrate and an opposite substrate are oppositely arranged via a spacer section provided in the opposite substrate and the projection provided on the array substrate.
- the organic insulating film formed to cover a source line needs to be half-etched, leaving a part to be the projection, by half-exposing and then developing the organic insulating film. Therefore, the number of manufacturing processes increases by an increase in the number of exposure times for providing the projection.
- the auxiliary wiring 6 electrically connected to the common electrode 18 is provided to project from the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 . That is, the auxiliary wiring 6 also serves as a projection for supporting the spacer section 7 provided in the opposite substrate 3 . Therefore, a process for providing the projection need not be individually performed. Thus, the number of processes for manufacturing the liquid crystal display can be more reduced than in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 1 (the same is true for each of modification examples, described below, of the first embodiment).
- the auxiliary wiring 6 is composed of a metal film.
- accuracies in the thickness and the width of the projection are more improved and the hardness of the projection is more increased than when the projection provided on the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 is composed of an organic film, in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 1. Therefore, a spacing between the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 and the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 can be more accurately maintained than in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 1 (the same is true for each of the modification examples of the first embodiment).
- the stopper including the bus electrode and the ITO for projection cuts into the columnar spacer.
- a shift between the substrates is not allowed. If such an external force that the TFT substrate and the opposite substrate shift from each other in a transverse direction is exerted, a large stress is exerted between the stopper and the columnar spacer because the shift between the substrates is not allowed. Therefore, an abutment part between the stopper and the columnar spacer and its surroundings are damaged. Therefore, transmittance in the abutment part and the surroundings may significantly decrease.
- the auxiliary wiring 6 and the spacer section 7 allow the spacer section 7 to slightly move in the transverse direction due to an external force, and prevent the spacer section 7 from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix even if the spacer section 7 moves in that manner. Therefore, the spacer section 7 has a shape having a length in the Y-axis direction crossing the X-axis direction in which the auxiliary wiring 6 extends. That is, the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 in the Y-axis direction is larger than the width WD 1 of the spacer section 7 in the X-axis direction.
- the center of the spacer section 7 is supported by a part, located at a different position in the X-axis direction from a part, which originally supports the spacer section 7 , of the auxiliary wiring 6 .
- the opposite substrate 3 shifts from the array substrate 1 in the Y-axis direction, even if the width WD 2 of the auxiliary wiring 6 in the Y-axis direction is small, an end in the Y-axis direction of the spacer section 7 is supported by the part, which originally supports the spacer section 7 , of the auxiliary wiring 6 .
- the spacer section 7 can be prevented or inhibited from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix without increasing the width WD 1 of the spacer section 7 and the width WD 2 of the auxiliary wiring 6 . Therefore, an effect of preventing or inhibiting the spacer section 7 from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix can be more increased than in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 2 (the same is true for each of the modification examples of the first embodiment).
- the auxiliary wiring 6 does not cut into the spacer section 7 .
- the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 return to a state prior to where they shift from each other in the transverse direction, i.e., a state where the center of the spacer section 7 is supported by the part, which originally supports the spacer section 7 , of the auxiliary wiring 6 .
- the width of the extension portion 51 in the Y-axis direction is larger than the width of the extension portion 52 in the X-axis direction, for covering the TFT 16 provided in the crossing part between the gate wiring 11 and the source wiring 13 .
- the width of the extension portion 52 in the X-axis direction is smaller than the width of the extension portion 51 in the Y-axis direction. Therefore, the width WD 1 of the spacer section 7 in the X-axis direction may be substantially the same as the width of the extension portion 52 in the X-axis direction.
- the light shielding section 5 preferably includes a light shielding portion for spacer section 54 that shields the spacer section 7 from light, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- the spacer section 7 is arranged within a region provided with the light shielding portion for spacer section 54 in a plan view. More specifically, the width of the light shielding portion for spacer section 54 in the X-axis direction is larger than the width of the extension portion 52 in the X-axis direction and the width WD 1 of the spacer section 7 in the X-axis direction.
- the light shielding portion for spacer section 54 can cover the entire spacer section 7 in a plan view.
- the liquid crystal display it is important, from the viewpoint of improving the luminance of the image to be displayed, that a plurality of pixels are arranged in a matrix shape, and an area ratio of the opening regions formed in the light shielding section, i.e., an opening ratio in a display region where an image is displayed is improved.
- an area ratio of the opening regions formed in the light shielding section i.e., an opening ratio in a display region where an image is displayed is improved.
- an opening ratio in a display region where an image is displayed is improved.
- a medium/small-sized liquid crystal display used in an electronic device such as a smartphone or a tablet terminal
- the spacer section 7 can be prevented or inhibited from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix without the width of the extension portion 51 or the width of the extension portion 52 being increased, and the luminance of the image displayed by the liquid crystal display 100 can be easily improved. If the liquid crystal display 100 according to the first embodiment is applied to the medium/small-sized liquid crystal display in which a high opening ratio is more difficult to be ensured because the pixels are made highly fine, an effect of easily improving the luminance of an image displayed by the liquid crystal display is further increased (the same is true for each of the embodiments described below).
- FIG. 5 is a plan view illustrating the first modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a state where a liquid crystal display in the first modification example is seen through by removing a part, other than a light shielding section 5 and a spacer section 7 a , of an opposite substrate 3 and a liquid crystal layer 4 .
- illustration of a part of an array substrate 1 is omitted.
- common electrodes 18 are continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap a plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in an X-axis direction, for example, in a plan view, like in the liquid crystal display 100 according to the first embodiment. Therefore, in the first modification example, the common electrodes 18 are provided to respectively overlap a plurality of pixel electrodes 20 arranged in the X-axis direction, for example, and extend in the X-axis direction in a plan view, like in the first embodiment.
- a plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 a serving as a plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 are provided to respectively overlap regions provided with each of a plurality of extension portions 51 in a plan view.
- the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 a are respectively electrically connected to the plurality of common electrodes 18 , for example.
- each of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 a includes an auxiliary wiring 61 a and a plurality of auxiliary wirings 62 a .
- the auxiliary wiring 6 a arranged to cross the spacer section 7 a in a plan view, among the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 a will be described below.
- the auxiliary wiring 61 a is arranged within the region provided with any one of the plurality of extension portions 51 , and extends in the X-axis direction in a plan view, like the auxiliary wiring 6 in the first embodiment.
- the auxiliary wiring 61 a is provided to project toward the side of the opposite substrate 3 from the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 , like the auxiliary wiring 6 illustrated in FIG. 3 .
- the plurality of auxiliary wirings 62 a are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of a plurality of extension portions 52 , and extend in a Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- Each of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 62 a is provided to project toward the side of the opposite substrate 3 from the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 , like the auxiliary wirings 6 illustrated in FIG. 3 .
- the plurality of auxiliary wirings 62 a are arranged to respectively cross the auxiliary wirings 61 a in crossing regions where any one of the extension portions 51 and the plurality of extension portions 52 cross each other in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 a serving as a spacer section 7 is provided.
- the spacer section 7 a has a shape having a length in the X-axis direction, e.g., an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape in a plan view, unlike in the first embodiment. That is, the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 a in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD 1 of the spacer section 7 a in the Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- the auxiliary wiring 61 a is arranged to cross any one of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 62 a in a crossing region CR 1 where any one of the extension portions 51 and any one of the plurality of extension portions 52 cross each other, and extends in the X-axis direction in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 a is arranged to cross any one of the auxiliary wirings 62 a in the crossing region CR 1 in a plan view. Therefore, the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 a in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD 2 of the auxiliary wiring 62 a in the X-axis direction.
- the spacer section 7 a is provided to project toward the side of the array substrate 1 from the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 , like the spacer section 7 illustrated in FIG. 3 .
- the spacer section 7 a is arranged within the region provided with any one of the extension portions 51 in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 a shifts in an oblique direction DR 1 from its original position, for example, an end 71 of the spacer section 7 a overlaps the auxiliary wiring 62 a in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 a does not come close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in apart arranged within an opening region 53 a in a plan view.
- an end 72 of the spacer section 7 a overlaps the auxiliary wiring 62 a in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 a does not come close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in a part arranged within an opening region 53 b in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 a is prevented or inhibited from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in a part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view, so that an oriented film 21 formed on the surface 1 a can be prevented or inhibited from being damaged.
- the spacer section 7 a extends in the X-axis direction, unlike in the first embodiment.
- the spacer section 7 a is arranged within the region provided with the extension portion 51 having a width larger than the width of the extension portion 52 , unlike in the first embodiment. Therefore, a difference between the width of the extension portion 51 and the width WD 1 of the spacer section 7 a in the Y-axis direction is larger than that in the first embodiment.
- a light shielding portion for spacer section need not be provided. Therefore, an opening ratio in a display region can be more improved than in the first embodiment (the same is true for each of the modification examples of the first embodiment, and a second embodiment and subsequent embodiments).
- FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating the second modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a state where a liquid crystal display is seen through by removing a part, other than a light shielding section 5 and a spacer section 7 b , of an opposite substrate 3 and a liquid crystal layer 4 .
- illustration of a part of an array substrate 1 is omitted.
- common electrodes 18 are continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap a plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in a matrix shape in an X-axis direction and a Y-axis direction, for example, in a plan view. Therefore, the common electrodes 18 are provided to respectively overlap a plurality of pixel electrodes 20 arranged in a matrix shape in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, for example, in a plan view.
- auxiliary wirings 61 b are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of a plurality of extension portions 51 , and auxiliary wirings 6 b serving as auxiliary wirings 6 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of a plurality of extension portions 52 in a plan view. That is, the plurality of auxiliary wirings 61 b extend in the X-axis direction, and are arranged apart from one another in the Y-axis direction. The plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 b extend in the Y-axis direction, and are arranged apart from one another in the X-axis direction. The plurality of auxiliary wirings 61 b and the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 b are electrically connected to the common electrodes 18 .
- Each of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 61 b is provided to project toward the side of the opposite substrate 3 from a surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 , like the auxiliary wirings 6 illustrated in FIG. 3 .
- Each of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 b is provided to project toward the side of the opposite substrate 3 from the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 , like the auxiliary wirings 6 illustrated in FIG. 3 .
- the plurality of auxiliary wirings 61 b are arranged to respectively cross the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 b in a plurality of crossing regions where the plurality of extension portions 51 and the plurality of extension portions 52 cross each other in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 b serving as a spacer section 7 is provided.
- the spacer section 7 b has a shape having a length in the X-axis direction, e.g., an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape in a plan view, like in the first modification example of the first embodiment. That is, the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 b in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD 1 of the spacer section 7 b in the Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- any one of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 61 b is arranged to cross anyone of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 b in a crossing region CR 1 where any one of the plurality of extension portions 51 and any one of the plurality of extension portions 52 cross each other, and extends in the X-axis direction in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 b is arranged to cross any one of the auxiliary wirings 6 b in the crossing region CR 1 . Therefore, the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 b in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD 2 of the auxiliary wiring 6 b in the X-axis direction.
- the spacer section 7 b is provided to project toward the side of the array substrate 1 from the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 , like the spacer section 7 illustrated in FIG. 3 .
- the spacer section 7 b is arranged within the region provided with any one of the extension portions 51 in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 b shifts in an oblique direction DR 1 from its original position, for example, an end 71 of the spacer section 7 b overlaps the auxiliary wiring 6 b in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 b does not come close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in apart arranged within an opening region 53 a in a plan view.
- an end 72 of the spacer section 7 b overlaps the auxiliary wiring 6 b in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 b does not come close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in a part arranged within an opening region 53 b in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 is prevented or inhibited from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in a part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view, so that an oriented film 21 formed on the surface 1 a can be prevented or inhibited from being damaged.
- each of the opening regions 53 i.e., each of the sub-pixels SPix may be surrounded by the auxiliary wirings 61 b and the auxiliary wirings 6 b over its entire periphery, unlike in the first embodiment and the first modification example of the first embodiment. That is, in the second modification example, a projection may always be formed on the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in a part positioned between the two adjacent sub-pixels SPix.
- a coating liquid serving as a raw material for the oriented film 21 may be unable to be uniformly applied inside each of the sub-pixels SPix.
- rubbing processing for the oriented film 21 may be unable to be uniformly performed inside each of the sub-pixels SPix.
- the auxiliary wirings 61 b may be provided in every other one or more, of the plurality of extension portions 51 arranged in the Y-axis direction.
- the auxiliary wirings 6 b may be provided in every other one or more, of the plurality of extension portions 52 arranged in the X-axis direction.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view illustrating the third modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a state where a liquid crystal display 130 is seen through by removing a part, other than a light shielding section 5 and a spacer section 7 c , of an opposite substrate 3 and a liquid crystal layer 4 .
- illustration of a part of an array substrate 1 is omitted.
- common electrodes 18 are continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap a plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in a Y-axis direction, for example, in a plan view. Therefore, in the third modification example, the common electrodes 18 are provided to respectively overlap a plurality of pixel electrodes 20 arranged in the Y-axis direction, for example, and extend in the Y-axis direction in a plan view, unlike in the first embodiment.
- auxiliary wirings 6 c serving as auxiliary wirings 6 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of a plurality of extension portions 52 in a plan view. That is, the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 c extend in the Y-axis direction, and are arranged apart from one another in an X-axis direction. The plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 c are respectively electrically connected to the plurality of common electrodes 18 , for example. Each of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 c is provided to project toward the side of the opposite substrate 3 from the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 , like the auxiliary wirings 6 illustrated in FIG. 3 .
- the spacer section 7 c serving as a spacer section 7 is provided.
- the spacer section 7 c has a shape having a length in the X-axis direction, e.g., an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape in a plan view, like in the first modification example of the first embodiment. That is, the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 c in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD 1 of the spacer section 7 c in the Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 c is arranged to cross any one of the auxiliary wirings 6 c in a crossing region CR 1 where any one of the plurality of extension portions 51 and any one of the plurality of extension portions 52 cross each other in a plan view. Therefore, the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 c in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD 2 of the auxiliary wiring 6 c in the X-axis direction.
- the spacer section 7 c is provided to project toward the side of the array substrate 1 from the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 , like the spacer section 7 illustrated in FIG. 3 .
- the spacer section 7 c is arranged within the region provided with any one of the extension portions 51 in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 c shifts in an oblique direction DR 1 from its original position, for example, an end 71 of the spacer section 7 c overlaps the auxiliary wiring 6 c in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 c does not come close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in apart arranged within an opening region 53 a in a plan view.
- an end 72 of the spacer section 7 c overlaps the auxiliary wiring 6 c in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 c does not come close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in a part arranged within an opening region 53 b in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 c is prevented or inhibited from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in a part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view, so that an oriented film 21 formed on the surface 1 a can be prevented or inhibited from being damaged.
- An arrangement of the auxiliary wiring 6 c and the spacer section 7 c in the third modification example is also applicable to a liquid crystal display including a touch panel as an input device, i.e., a liquid crystal display with a touch detection function including a driving electrode and a detection electrode.
- a liquid crystal display with a touch detection function including a driving electrode and a detection electrode.
- An example in which the arrangement of the auxiliary wiring 6 c and the spacer section 7 c in the third modification example is applied to a liquid crystal display containing a touch panel, i.e., a liquid crystal display with a touch detection function of an in-cell type will be described below.
- FIG. 8 is explanatory view illustrating a state where a finger has contacted and come close to a touch panel.
- FIG. 9 is explanatory view illustrating an example of an equivalent circuit of a state where a finger has contacted and come close to the touch panel.
- the touch panel serving as an input device includes a driving electrode E 1 and a detection electrode E 2 oppositely arranged with a dielectric body D sandwiched therebetween.
- the driving electrode E 1 and the detection electrode E 2 constitute a capacitive element C 1 .
- the capacitive element C 1 has its end connected to an alternating current (AC) signal source S serving as a driving signal source and its other end connected to a voltage detector DET.
- AC alternating current
- An example of the voltage detector DET includes an integration circuit.
- a detection signal Vdet serving as an output waveform is generated via the voltage detector DET connected to the other end of the capacitive element C 1 , i.e., the detection electrode E 2 .
- a current corresponding to a capacitance value of the capacitive element C 1 flows as the capacitive element C 1 is charged or discharged, as illustrated in FIG. 9 .
- the voltage detector DET converts a variation of the current I 1 corresponding to the AC rectangular wave Sg into a voltage variation.
- the capacitance value of the capacitive element C 1 constituted by the driving electrode E 1 and the detection electrode E 2 becomes smaller upon being affected by a capacitance C 2 formed by the finger. Therefore, the current I 1 flowing through the capacitive element C 1 illustrated in FIG. 9 varies.
- the voltage detector DET converts the variation of the current I 1 corresponding to the AC rectangular wave Sg into the voltage variation. It is determined whether an absolute value of a variation amount of the voltage is larger than a reference value previously determined, for example, to determine whether the finger has contacted or come close to the touch detection device.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating an example of a driving electrode and a detection electrode. If the liquid crystal display 130 in the third modification example is applied to a liquid crystal display with a touch detection function, as illustrated in FIG. 10 , the liquid crystal display 130 includes a plurality of driving electrodes 22 and a plurality of detection electrodes 23 .
- the driving electrode 22 corresponds to the driving electrode E 1 illustrated in FIG. 8 , and corresponds to the common electrode 18 illustrated in FIG. 7 .
- the detection electrode 23 corresponds to the detection electrode E 2 illustrated in FIG. 8 , and is indicated by a two-dot and dash line in FIG. 7 .
- each of the plurality of detection electrodes 23 extends in a direction crossing a direction in which each of the plurality of driving electrodes 22 extends in a plan view.
- Each of the plurality of detection electrodes 23 opposes the driving electrode 22 in a direction perpendicular to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- a capacitance is generated in each of a plurality of crossing parts where the plurality of driving electrodes 22 and the plurality of detection electrodes 23 cross each other.
- An input position is detected based on the capacitance between each of the plurality of driving electrodes 22 and each of the plurality of detection electrodes 23 .
- the common electrode 18 is also used for both image display and touch detection.
- one frame period is divided into a display period and a touch detection period.
- an electric field is formed between the common electrode 18 and a pixel electrode 20 by application of a voltage to the pixel electrode 20 .
- An orientation of a liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer changes due to the formed electric field.
- light transmittance in the liquid crystal layer 4 changes, so that an image is displayed.
- the AC rectangular wave Sg (see FIG. 8 ) serving as a touch detection signal is applied to the common electrode 18 serving as the driving electrode 22 , and a capacitance between the common electrode 18 serving as the driving electrode 22 and the detection electrode 23 changes, to detect whether the finger has contacted or come close to the touch detection device.
- a driving electrode driver (not illustrated) sequentially selects one detection block in a scanning direction Scan. In the selected detection block, a driving signal Vcom for measuring a capacitance between the driving electrode 22 and the detection electrode 23 is input to the driving electrode 22 , and a detection signal Vdet for detecting an input position is output from the detection electrode 23 .
- the liquid crystal display with a touch detection function includes the plurality of common electrodes 18 extending in the Y-axis direction and arranged in the X-axis direction.
- the common electrodes 18 are the driving electrodes 22
- a plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 c extending in the Y-axis direction and arranged apart from one another in the X-axis direction, are respectively electrically connected to the driving electrodes 22 .
- the liquid crystal display with a touch detection function includes a plurality of detection electrodes 23 extending in the X-axis direction crossing the Y-axis direction serving as a direction in which each of the plurality of common electrodes 18 extends, and arranged apart from one another in the Y-axis direction, as illustrated in FIG. 7 .
- a slit 23 a is formed between the two adjacent detection electrodes 23 .
- the detection electrode 23 is provided on the opposite side to the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 , i.e., the reverse surface 30 b of the transparent substrate 30 (see FIG. 3 ), for example.
- Each of the plurality of detection electrodes 23 may be composed of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO.
- each of the plurality of detection electrodes 23 may be composed of an opaque metal such as aluminum (Al) or molybdenum (Mo).
- the array substrate and the opposite substrate are oppositely arranged via the auxiliary wirings electrically connected to the common electrode and the spacer section.
- an array substrate and an opposite substrate are oppositely arranged via a detection electrode for detecting an input position and a spacer section. That is, the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment is a liquid crystal display including a touch panel serving as an input device.
- liquid crystal display including a touch panel serving as an input device is applied to a liquid crystal display containing a touch panel, i.e., a liquid crystal display with a touch detection function of an in-cell type will be described.
- a principle of touch detection in the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment is similar to a principle of touch detection described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9 in the third modification example of the first embodiment.
- a schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display 140 according to the second embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 11 to 14 .
- FIGS. 11 and 12 are plan views illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment.
- FIGS. 13 and 14 are cross-sectional views along a line A-A illustrated in FIG. 11 .
- FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate a state where the liquid crystal display 140 is seen through by removing a part, other than a light shielding section 5 and a spacer section 7 d , of an opposite substrate 3 and a liquid crystal layer 4 .
- illustration of a part of an array substrate 1 is omitted.
- the liquid crystal display 140 according to the second embodiment includes the array substrate 1 , the opposite substrate 3 , and the liquid crystal layer 4 , like the liquid crystal display 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the liquid crystal display 140 according to the second embodiment includes the light shielding section 5 .
- the light shielding section 5 includes a plurality of extension portions 51 and a plurality of extension portions 52 , like the light shielding section 5 in the first embodiment.
- the liquid crystal display 140 according to the second embodiment has a plurality of sub-pixels SPix.
- the plurality of sub-pixels SPix are respectively provided in a plurality of opening regions 53 defined by the plurality of extension portions 51 and the plurality of extension portions 52 , like the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in the first embodiment.
- the array substrate 1 includes a transparent substrate 10 as a base.
- the transparent substrate 10 in the second embodiment has a surface 10 a and a reverse surface 10 b , like the transparent substrate 10 in the first embodiment.
- a plurality of gate wirings 11 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the surface 10 a of the transparent substrate 10 .
- the plurality of gate wirings 11 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 51 , and extend in an X-axis direction in a plan view.
- Gate electrodes 11 a extend from the gate wiring 11 .
- a plurality of driving electrodes 22 are provided on the surface 10 a of the transparent substrate 10 , unlike in the first embodiment.
- the plurality of driving electrodes 22 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 51 , and extend in the X-axis direction in a plan view.
- Each of the plurality of driving electrodes 22 is composed of an opaque metal such as aluminum (A) or molybdenum (Mo).
- the driving electrodes 22 need not be respectively provided within all the regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 51 , or may be provided in every other one or more of the regions. That is, the driving electrode 22 may be provided within the region provided with any one of the plurality of extension portions 51 .
- An insulating film 12 serving as a gate insulating film is provided, like in the first embodiment, to cover the gate wirings 11 and the gate electrodes 11 a .
- the insulating film 12 is provided to cover the driving electrodes 22 in addition to the gate wirings 11 and the gate electrodes 11 a.
- a plurality of source wirings 13 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the insulating film 12 .
- the plurality of source wirings 13 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 52 , and extend in a Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- Source electrodes 13 a extend from the source wiring 13 .
- a semiconductor layer 14 is provided, like in the first embodiment, on the insulating film 12 in parts respectively overlapping the gate electrodes 11 a in a plan view.
- the above-described source electrode 13 a contacts a part of the semiconductor layer 14 .
- Drain electrodes 15 composed of the same material as that for the source wirings 13 and the source electrodes 13 a are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the insulating film 12 .
- the drain electrode 15 is arranged in close to the source electrode 13 a , and partially contacts the semiconductor layer 14 .
- a plurality of TFTs 16 are respectively arranged in a plurality of crossing parts where the plurality of gate wirings 11 and the plurality of source wirings 13 cross each other, like in the first embodiment. Further, an interlayer resin film 17 is provided to cover the plurality of source wirings 13 , the plurality of TFTs 16 , and an exposed part of the insulating film 12 , like in the first embodiment.
- Common electrodes 18 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the interlayer resin film 17 .
- the common electrodes 18 are continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view.
- the common electrodes 18 may be continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the Y-axis direction, for example, in a plan view, which is not illustrated in FIG. 12 .
- the common electrodes 18 are provided to respectively overlap a plurality of pixel electrodes 20 arranged in the Y-axis direction, for example, and extend in the Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- a plurality of detection electrodes 23 are provided on the interlayer resin film 17 . That is, the plurality of detection electrodes 23 are provided on the side of the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- Each of the plurality of detection electrodes 23 is composed of a metal film.
- the metal film is composed of an opaque metal such as aluminum (Al) or molybdenum (Mo).
- the plurality of detection electrodes 23 are respectively arranged within the regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 52 , and extend in the Y-axis direction in a plan view. Each of the plurality of detection electrodes 23 is provided to project toward the side of the opposite substrate 3 from the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 means a surface of an oriented film 21 provided on the side of the surface 10 a of the transparent substrate 10 in a part not provided with auxiliary wirings 6 d.
- the detection electrodes 23 need not be respectively provided within all the regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 52 , or may be provided in every other one or more of the regions, as illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12 . That is, the detection electrode 23 may be provided within the region provided with any one of the plurality of extension portions 52 in a plan view.
- the common electrode 18 is provided on the detection electrode 23 . Therefore, the detection electrode 23 is electrically connected to the common electrode 18 .
- the detection electrode 23 has a lower electric resistivity than the electric resistivity of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO included in the common electrode 18 . Therefore, the detection electrode 23 is electrically connected to the common electrode 18 , so that the electric resistance of the common electrode 18 can be reduced.
- the performance of the liquid crystal display can be improved, such as that a time constant can be shortened.
- An inter-electrode insulating film 19 is provided, like in the first embodiment, to cover the common electrode 18 .
- the plurality of pixel electrodes 20 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the inter-electrode insulating film 19 .
- Each of the plurality of pixel electrodes 20 is composed of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO.
- Each of the plurality of pixel electrodes 20 is provided on the side of the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 inside each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. Therefore, the common electrodes 18 are provided to respectively overlap the plurality of pixel electrodes 20 arranged in the X-axis direction, for example, in a plan view.
- the common electrode 18 and the pixel electrode 20 oppose each other via the inter-electrode insulating film 19 inside each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix.
- the inter-electrode insulating film 19 is provided to cover the detection electrodes 23 via the common electrodes 18 within the region provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 52 in a plan view.
- the common electrode 18 may be provided above the pixel electrode 20 .
- FIG. 14 Such an example is illustrated in FIG. 14 .
- an opening 18 a is formed in the common electrode 18 .
- the detection electrode 23 is provided on the common electrode 18 . That is, the common electrode 18 may be provided under the detection electrode 23 .
- An oriented film 21 is provided, like in the first embodiment, to cover the pixel electrodes 20 and an exposed part of an inter-electrode insulating film 19 .
- an opposite substrate 3 can be made similar to the opposite substrate 3 in the first embodiment, for example. That is, the opposite substrate 3 includes a transparent substrate 30 as a base.
- the transparent substrate 30 has a surface 30 a and a reverse surface 30 b .
- the light shielding section 5 and a color filter layer 32 are provided on the surface 30 a of the transparent substrate 30 .
- An overcoat layer 33 is provided to cover the light shielding section 5 and the color filter layer 32 .
- a spacer section 7 d serving as a spacer section 7 is provided on the overcoat layer 33 .
- An oriented film 35 is provided to cover the spacer section 7 d and the overcoat layer 33 .
- the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 are arranged to oppose each other, i.e., oppositely arranged via the detection electrodes 23 and the spacer section 7 d .
- An area between the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 oppositely arranged is filled with a liquid crystal layer 4 , like in the first embodiment.
- the liquid crystal display 140 includes the plurality of driving electrodes 22 and the plurality of detection electrodes 23 , like in the third modification example of the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 10 .
- Each of the plurality of detection electrodes 23 extends in a direction crossing a direction in which each of the plurality of driving electrodes 22 extends in a plan view.
- Each of the plurality of detection electrodes 23 opposes the driving electrode 22 in a direction perpendicular to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- a capacitance is generated in each of a plurality of crossing parts where the plurality of driving electrodes 22 and the plurality of detection electrodes 23 cross each other.
- An input position is detected based on the capacitance between each of the plurality of driving electrodes 22 and each of the plurality of detection electrodes 23 .
- auxiliary wirings 6 d serving as auxiliary wirings 6 may be respectively arranged within the regions provided with each of a plurality of extension portions 51 in a plan view, as illustrated in FIG. 12 .
- the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 d are respectively electrically connected to the plurality of common electrodes 18 , for example.
- the auxiliary wiring 6 d has a lower electric resistivity than the electric resistivity of the transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO included in the common electrode 18 . Therefore, the auxiliary wiring 6 d is electrically connected to the common electrode 18 , so that the electric resistance of the common electrode 18 can be reduced.
- the performance of the liquid crystal display can be improved, such as that a time constant can be shortened.
- the auxiliary wiring 6 d is preferably composed of a conductive film formed in the same layer as a conductive film included in the detection electrode 23 .
- the auxiliary wiring 6 d can be formed in the same process as a process for forming the detection electrode 23 . Therefore, the number of manufacturing processes for the liquid crystal display 140 can be reduced.
- the driving electrode 22 is not provided separately from the gate wiring 11 , and only the gate wiring 11 is provided.
- the gate wiring 11 can also serve as the driving electrode 22 by switching a circuit to which the gate wiring 11 is connected between a circuit for display and a circuit for detection. At this time, an input position is detected based on a capacitance between the gate wiring 11 and the detection electrode 23 .
- the detection electrode 23 is arranged within the region provided with any one of the plurality of extension portions 52 , and extends in the Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- the detection electrode 23 is electrically connected to the common electrode 18 . Further, the detection electrode 23 is provided to project toward the side of the opposite substrate 3 from the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- the spacer section 7 d has a shape having a length in the X-axis direction, e.g., an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape in a plan view. That is, the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 d in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD 1 of the spacer section 7 d in the Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 d is arranged to cross the detection electrode 23 in a crossing region CR 1 where any one of the extension portions 52 and any one of the plurality of extension portions 51 cross each other in a plan view. Therefore, the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 d in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD 2 of the detection electrode 23 in the X-axis direction.
- the spacer section 7 d is also provided to project toward the side of the array substrate 1 from a surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 , like in the first embodiment.
- the spacer section 7 d is arranged within the region provided with any one of the extension portions 51 in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 d shifts in an oblique direction DR 1 from its original position, for example, an end 71 of the spacer section 7 d overlaps the detection electrode 23 in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 d does not come close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in a part arranged within an opening region 53 a .
- an end 72 of the spacer section 7 d overlaps the detection electrode 23 in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 d does not come close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in a part arranged within an opening region 53 b in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 d is prevented or inhibited from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in a part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view, so that the oriented film 21 formed on the surface 1 a can be prevented or inhibited from being damaged.
- a process for providing a projection on the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 need not be individually performed, like in the first embodiment.
- the number of processes for manufacturing the liquid crystal display can be more reduced than in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 1.
- the detection electrode 23 is composed of a metal film.
- a spacing between the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 and the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 can be more accurately maintained than when the projection provided on a surface of an array substrate is composed of an organic film in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 1, like in the first embodiment.
- the detection electrode 23 and the spacer section 7 d are used to prevent the spacer section 7 d from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix, even when the spacer section 7 d moves in the transverse direction, like in the first embodiment.
- the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 d in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD 1 of the spacer section 7 d in the Y-axis direction. Therefore, an effect of preventing or inhibiting the spacer section 7 d from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix can be more increased than in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 2.
- the insulating film serving as the gate insulating film is provided within the region provided with the sub-pixel.
- an opening is formed in an insulating film in a part overlapping a sub-pixel in a plan view, and a recess is formed on an upper surface of an interlayer resin film in the part overlapping the sub-pixel.
- a schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 15 to 18 .
- FIGS. 15 and 16 are plan views illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment.
- FIGS. 17 and 18 are cross-sectional views along a line A-A illustrated in FIG. 15 .
- FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate a state where the liquid crystal display 150 is seen through by removing a part, other than a light shielding section 5 and a spacer section 7 a , of an opposite substrate 3 and a liquid crystal layer 4 .
- illustration of a part of the array substrate 1 is omitted.
- the liquid crystal display 150 according to the third embodiment includes the array substrate 1 , the opposite substrate 3 , and the liquid crystal layer 4 , like the liquid crystal display 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the liquid crystal display 150 according to the third embodiment includes the light shielding section 5 .
- the light shielding section 5 includes a plurality of extension portions 51 and a plurality of extension portions 52 , like the light shielding section 5 in the first embodiment.
- the liquid crystal display 150 according to the third embodiment has a plurality of sub-pixels SPix.
- the plurality of sub-pixels SPix are respectively provided in a plurality of opening regions 53 defined by the plurality of extension portions 51 and the plurality of extension portions 52 , like the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in the first embodiment.
- the array substrate 1 includes a transparent substrate 10 as a base.
- the transparent substrate 10 in the third embodiment has a surface 10 a and a reverse surface 10 b , like the transparent substrate 10 in the first embodiment.
- a plurality of gate wirings 11 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the surface 10 a of the transparent substrate 10 .
- the plurality of gate wirings 11 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 51 , and extend in an X-axis direction in a plan view.
- Gate electrodes 11 a extend from the gate wiring 11 .
- An insulating film 12 serving as a gate insulating film is provided, like in the first embodiment, to cover the gate wirings 11 and the gate electrodes 11 a.
- a plurality of source wirings 13 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the insulating films 12 .
- the plurality of source wirings 13 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 52 , and extend in a Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- Source electrodes 13 a extend from the source wiring 13 .
- a semiconductor layer 14 is provided, like in the first embodiment, on the insulating film 12 in apart overlapping the gate electrode 11 a in a plan view.
- the source electrode 13 a contacts a part of the semiconductor layer 14 .
- Drain electrodes 15 composed of the same material as that for the source wirings 13 and the source electrodes 13 a are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the insulating film 12 .
- the drain electrode 15 is arranged in close to the source electrode 13 a , and partially contacts the semiconductor layer 14 .
- the plurality of TFTs 16 are respectively arranged in a plurality of crossing parts where the plurality of gate wirings 11 and the plurality of source wirings 13 cross each other, like in the first embodiment.
- a plurality of openings 12 a are respectively provided in the insulating film 12 in parts overlapping the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view.
- the plurality of openings 12 a respectively penetrate the insulating film 12 in the parts overlapping the plurality of sub-pixels SPix to reach the surface 10 a of the transparent substrate 10 in a plan view.
- the thickness of the insulating film 12 can be approximately 1 ⁇ m, for example. In this case, the depth of the opening 12 a can be approximately 1 ⁇ m, for example.
- an interlayer resin film 17 is provided to be embedded in each of the plurality of openings 12 a , and to cover the plurality of source wirings 13 , the plurality of TFTs 16 , and an exposed part of the insulating film 12 .
- the interlayer resin film 17 is a flattening film, and is embedded in each of the plurality of openings 12 a to cover the plurality of source wirings 13 , the plurality of TFTs 16 , and the exposed part of the insulating film 12 while flattening an uneven surface including respective upper surfaces of the plurality of source wirings 13 , the plurality of TFTs 16 , and the insulating film 12 .
- the interlayer resin film 17 is composed of a transparent resin material such as a photoresist.
- the uneven surface of the insulating film 12 by the openings 12 a is not completely flattened by the interlayer resin film 17 . Therefore, recesses 17 a are respectively formed on an upper surface of the interlayer resin film 17 in the parts overlapping each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix.
- the depth of the opening 12 a can be approximately 1 ⁇ m, for example.
- the depth of the recess 17 a can be approximately 0.2 to 0.3 ⁇ m, for example.
- Common electrodes 18 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the interlayer resin film 17 .
- the common electrodes 18 are continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view.
- the common electrodes 18 may be continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the Y-axis direction, for example, in a plan view, as illustrated in FIG. 7 , which is not illustrated in FIG. 16 .
- the common electrodes 18 are provided to respectively overlap a plurality of pixel electrodes 20 arranged in the Y-axis direction, for example, and extend in the Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- the common electrode 18 is provided at the bottom of the recess 17 a inside each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix.
- a plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 e serving as a plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 are provided on the interlayer resin film 17 .
- Each of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 e is composed of a metal film.
- the metal film is composed of an opaque metal such as aluminum (Al) or molybdenum (Mo).
- the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 e are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 52 , and extend in the Y-axis direction in a plan view. Each of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 e is provided to project toward the side of the opposite substrate 3 from the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- the auxiliary wirings 6 e need not be respectively provided within all the regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 51 , or may be provided in every other one or more of the regions. That is, the auxiliary wiring 6 e may be provided within the region provided with any one of the plurality of extension portions 52 .
- each of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 e is provided on the common electrode 18 in a part overlapping any one of the plurality of extension portions 52 in a plan view. Therefore, each of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 e is electrically connected to the common electrode 18 , for example.
- the auxiliary wiring 6 e has a lower electric resistivity than the electric resistivity of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO included in the common electrode 18 . Therefore, the auxiliary wiring 6 e is electrically connected to the common electrode 18 , so that the electric resistance of the common electrode 18 can be reduced.
- the performance of the liquid crystal display can be improved, such as that a time constant can be shortened.
- An inter-electrode insulating film 19 is provided, like in the first embodiment, to cover the common electrode 18 .
- the plurality of pixel electrodes 20 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the inter-electrode insulating film 19 .
- Each of the plurality of pixel electrodes 20 is provided on the side of the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 inside each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. Therefore, the common electrodes 18 are provided to respectively overlap the plurality of pixel electrodes 20 arranged in the X-axis direction, for example, in a plan view.
- the common electrode 18 is provided at the bottom of the recess 17 a inside each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix, and the common electrode 18 and the pixel electrode 20 oppose each other via the inter-electrode insulating film 19 inside each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix.
- the inter-electrode insulating film 19 is provided to cover the auxiliary wiring 6 e provided on the common electrode 18 within the region provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 52 in a plan view.
- the common electrode 18 may be provided above the pixel electrode 20 .
- Such an example is illustrated in FIG. 18 .
- the opening 18 a is formed in the common electrode 18 .
- the common electrode 18 is provided on the auxiliary wiring 6 e . That is, the auxiliary wiring 6 e may be provided under the common electrode 18 .
- An oriented film 21 is provided, like in the first embodiment, to cover the pixel electrodes 20 and an exposed part of the inter-electrode insulating film 19 .
- the oriented film 21 is provided to cover the inter-electrode insulating film 19 and the pixel electrode 20 at the bottom of a recess 17 a inside each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix.
- Recesses 1 c are respectively formed in parts overlapping each of the plurality of openings 12 a , in a plan view, the parts on the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 defined as an upper surface of the oriented film 21 .
- the opposite substrate 3 can be made similar to the opposite substrate 3 in the first embodiment, for example. That is, the opposite substrate 3 includes a transparent substrate 30 as a base.
- the transparent substrate 30 has a surface 30 a and a reverse surface 30 b .
- the light shielding section 5 and a color filter layer 32 are provided on the surface 30 a of the transparent substrate 30 .
- An overcoat layer 33 is provided to cover the light shielding section 5 and the color filter layer 32 .
- a spacer section 7 e serving as a spacer section 7 is provided on the overcoat layer 33 .
- An oriented film 35 is provided to cover the spacer section 7 d and the overcoat layer 33 .
- the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 are arranged to oppose each other, i.e., oppositely arranged via the auxiliary wirings 6 e and the spacer section 7 e .
- An area between the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 oppositely arranged is filled with a liquid crystal layer 4 , like in the first embodiment.
- the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 e are respectively arranged within the regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 52 , and extend in the Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- Each of the auxiliary wirings 6 is electrically connected to the common electrode 18 .
- Each of The plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 e is provided to project toward the side of the opposite substrate 3 from the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- the spacer section 7 e has a shape having a length in the X-axis direction, e.g., an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape in a plan view. That is, the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 e in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD 1 of the spacer section 7 e in the Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 e is arranged to cross any one of the auxiliary wirings 6 e in a crossing region CR 1 where any one of the extension portions 52 and any one of the plurality of extension portions 51 cross each other in a plan view. Therefore, the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 e in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD 2 of the auxiliary wiring 6 e in the X-axis direction.
- the spacer section 7 e is also provided to project toward the side of the array substrate 1 from a surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 , like in the first embodiment.
- the spacer section 7 e is arranged within the region provided with any one of the extension portions 51 in a plan view.
- the array substrate 1 or the opposite substrate 3 is deflected by application of a force from the outside during processes for manufacturing the liquid crystal display or during use of the liquid crystal display, for example, so that the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 may shift from each other in a transverse direction.
- the spacer section 7 e comes close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in a part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view.
- the oriented film 21 formed on the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view may be damaged. As a result, light may leak from a damaged part of the oriented film 21 .
- the auxiliary wirings 6 e are provided, as illustrated in FIG. 16 . Even if the spacer section 7 e shifts in an oblique direction DR 1 from its original position, for example, an end 71 of the spacer section 7 e overlaps the auxiliary wiring 6 e in a plan view. Thus, the spacer section 7 e does not come close to the side of the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in a part arranged within an opening region 53 a in a plan view. Further, even if the spacer section 7 e shifts in an oblique direction DR 2 from its original position, for example, an end 72 of the spacer section 7 e overlaps the auxiliary wiring 6 e in a plan view. Thus, the spacer 7 e does not come close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in a part arranged within an opening region 53 b in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 e is prevented or inhibited from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in a part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view.
- the oriented film 21 formed on the surface 1 a can be prevented or inhibited from being damaged.
- recesses 1 c are respectively formed in parts overlapping each of the plurality of openings 12 a , in a plan view, the parts on the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 , unlike in the first embodiment. Even if the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 shift from each other in the transverse direction, the spacer section 7 e can be more reliably prevented or inhibited from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view.
- a process for providing a projection on the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 need not be individually performed, like in the first embodiment.
- the number of processes for manufacturing the liquid crystal display can be more reduced than in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 1.
- the auxiliary wiring 6 e is composed of a metal film.
- a spacing between the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 and the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 can be more accurately maintained than when a projection provided on a surface of an array substrate is composed of an organic film in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 1, like in the first embodiment.
- the auxiliary wiring 6 e and the spacer section 7 e are used to prevent the spacer section 7 e from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix, even when the spacer section 7 e moves in the transverse direction, like in the first embodiment.
- the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 e in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD 1 of the spacer section 7 e in the Y-axis direction. Therefore, an effect of preventing or inhibiting the spacer section 7 e from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix can be more increased than in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 2.
- the opening 12 a is formed in the insulating film 12 serving as a gate insulating film inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view, unlike in the first embodiment.
- interference of light having a specific wavelength between two adjacent layers in a multilayer film can prevent or inhibit transmitted light or reflected light from being colored, or light transmitting through the multilayer film can prevent or inhibit light transmittance from decreasing.
- the third embodiment and the second embodiment can be combined with each other, although it is not illustrated. That is, in the liquid crystal display including a touch panel serving as an input device, which is described with reference to FIGS. 11 to 13 in the second embodiment, the openings 12 a (see FIG. 17 ) may be respectively formed in the insulating film 12 in parts overlapping the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. Thus, a similar effect to that in the third embodiment is obtained.
- a first modification example of the arrangement of the auxiliary wiring and the spacer section in the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 19 to 21 .
- FIGS. 19 and 20 are plan views illustrating the first modification example of the liquid crystal display 150 according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the first modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view along a line A-A illustrated in FIG. 19 .
- FIGS. 19 and 20 illustrate a state where a liquid crystal display 160 in the first modification example is seen through by removing a part, other than a light shielding section 5 and a spacer section 7 e , of an opposite substrate 3 and a liquid crystal layer 4 .
- illustration of a part of an array substrate 1 is omitted.
- openings 12 a are respectively formed in an insulating film 12 in parts overlapping a plurality of sub-pixels SPix, like in the liquid crystal display 150 according to the third embodiment. Therefore, recesses 17 a are respectively formed on an upper surface of an interlayer resin film 17 in parts overlapping each of the plurality of openings 12 a.
- a plurality of projections 17 b are provided instead of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 e , unlike in the third embodiment.
- the plurality of projections 17 b are respectively provided on the interlayer resin film 17 within regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 52 in a plan view. Therefore, the plurality of projections 17 b extend in a Y-axis direction and are arranged apart from one another in an X-axis direction.
- Each of the plurality of projections 17 b is provided to project toward the side of the opposite substrate 3 from the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- the plurality of projections 17 b can be formed by forming the interlayer resin film 17 composed of a photoresist, for example, to cover a plurality of source wirings 13 , a plurality of TFTs 16 , and an exposed part of the insulating film 12 , and then half-etching the interlayer resin film 17 in a region other than the regions respectively provided with the plurality of extension portions 52 . More specifically, by half-exposing and then developing the interlayer resin film 17 in the region other than the regions respectively provided with the plurality of extension portions 52 , the plurality of projections 17 b composed of the interlayer resin film 17 can be formed.
- the interlayer resin film 17 composed of a photoresist, for example, and then forming a resin film composed of acrylic resin, for example, on the interlayer resin film 17 within the regions respectively provided with the plurality of extension portions 52 , the plurality of projections 17 b composed of the resin film can be formed.
- the spacer section 7 e serving as a spacer section 7 has a shape having a length in the X-axis direction, e.g., an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape in a plan view, like in the third embodiment. That is, the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 e in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD 1 of the spacer section 7 e in the Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 e is arranged to cross any one of the plurality of projections 17 b in a crossing region CR 1 where any one of the plurality of extension portions 52 and any one of a plurality of extension portions 51 cross each other in a plan view. Therefore, the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 e in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD 2 of the projection 17 b in the X-axis direction.
- the spacer section 7 e is also provided to project toward the side of the array substrate 1 from a surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 , like in the third embodiment.
- the spacer section 7 e is arranged within a region provided with any one of the extension portions 51 in a plan view.
- the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 may shift from each other in a transverse direction, like when the auxiliary wirings 6 e are not provided in the third embodiment.
- the spacer section 7 e comes close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in a part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view.
- the oriented film 21 formed on the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view may be damaged.
- the projections 17 b are provided, as illustrated in FIG. 20 .
- the spacer section 7 e shifts in an oblique direction DR 1 from its original position, for example, an end 71 of the spacer section 7 e overlaps the projection 17 b in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 e does not come close to the side of the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in a part arranged within an opening region 53 a in a plan view.
- an end 72 of the spacer section 7 e overlaps the projection 17 b in a plan view.
- the spacer 7 e does not come close to the side of the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in a part arranged within an opening region 53 b in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 e is prevented or inhibited from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view.
- the oriented film 21 formed on the surface 1 a can be prevented or inhibited from being damaged.
- recesses 1 c are respectively formed in parts overlapping each of the plurality of openings 12 a , in a plan view, the parts on the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 , like in the third embodiment. Even if the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 shift from each other in the transverse direction, the spacer section 7 e can be more reliably prevented or inhibited from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view.
- the interlayer resin film formed to cover the source wirings is half-etched, leaving a part to be the projection, by half-exposing and then developing the interlayer resin film, like in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 1.
- a film other than the interlayer resin film is formed as the projection on the interlayer resin film formed to cover the source wirings. Therefore, an effect of reducing the number of processes for manufacturing the liquid crystal display becomes smaller than in the third embodiment.
- the projection 17 b and the spacer section 7 e are used to prevent the spacer section 7 e from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix, even when the spacer section 7 e moves in the transverse direction.
- the length LN 1 of the spacer section 7 e in the Y-axis direction is larger than the width WD 1 of the spacer section 7 e in the Y-axis direction. Therefore, an effect of preventing or inhibiting the spacer section 7 e from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix can be more increased than in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 2.
- the opening 12 a is formed in the insulating film 12 serving as a gate insulating film inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view, like in the third embodiment.
- interference of light having a specific wavelength between two adjacent layers in a multilayer film can prevent or inhibit transmitted light or reflected light from being colored, or light transmitting through the multilayer film can prevent or inhibit light transmittance from decreasing.
- the transverse electric field system is a system in which a pair of electrodes is provided, while being insulated from each other, on the side of a liquid crystal layer of either one of an array substrate and an opposite substrate and an electric field to form a substantially transverse direction in the liquid crystal layer.
- An IPS mode is another transverse electric field system in which the pair of electrodes is arranged not to overlap each other in a plan view.
- a schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display according to the fourth embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 22 to 24 .
- FIGS. 22 and 23 are plan views illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view along a line A-A illustrated in FIGS. 22 and 23 .
- FIGS. 22 and 23 illustrate a state where the liquid crystal display is seen through by removing a part, other than a light shielding section 5 and a spacer section 7 f , of an opposite substrate 3 and a liquid crystal layer 4 .
- illustration of a part of an array substrate 1 is omitted.
- the liquid crystal display 170 according to the fourth embodiment includes the array substrate 1 , the opposite substrate 3 , and the liquid crystal layer 4 , like the liquid crystal display 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the liquid crystal display 170 according to the fourth embodiment includes the light shielding section 5 .
- the light shielding section 5 includes a plurality of extension portions 51 and a plurality of extension portions 52 , like the light shielding section 5 in the first embodiment.
- the liquid crystal display 170 according to the fourth embodiment has a plurality of sub-pixels SPix.
- the plurality of sub-pixels SPix are respectively provided in a plurality of opening regions 53 defined by the plurality of extension portions 51 and the plurality of extension portions 52 , like the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in the first embodiment.
- the array substrate 1 includes a transparent substrate 10 as a base.
- the transparent substrate 10 in the fourth embodiment has a surface 10 a and a reverse surface 10 b , like the transparent substrate 10 in the first embodiment.
- a plurality of gate wirings 11 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the surface 10 a of the transparent substrate 10 .
- the plurality of gate wirings 11 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 51 , and extend in an X-axis direction in a plan view.
- Gate electrodes 11 a extend from the gate wiring 11 .
- a plurality of auxiliary capacitance lines 24 are provided on the surface 10 a of the transparent substrate 10 , unlike in the first embodiment.
- the plurality of auxiliary capacitance lines 24 are respectively arranged within the regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 51 , and extend in the X-axis direction in a plan view.
- Each of the auxiliary capacitance lines 24 is composed of an opaque metal such as aluminum (Al) or molybdenum (Mo).
- the plurality of auxiliary capacitance lines 24 are wiring layers, which are electrically connected to capacitors connected to each of pixel electrodes 20 in the plurality of sub-pixels SPix.
- An insulating film 12 serving as a gate insulating film is provided, like in the first embodiment, to cover the gate wirings 11 and the gate electrodes 11 a .
- the insulating film 12 is provided to cover the auxiliary capacitance lines 24 in addition to the gate wirings 11 and the gate electrodes 11 a.
- a plurality of source wirings 13 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the insulating film 12 .
- the plurality of source wirings 13 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 52 , and extend in a Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- Source electrodes 13 a extend from the source wiring 13 .
- a semiconductor layer 14 is provided, like in the first embodiment, on the insulating film 12 in parts respectively overlapping the gate electrodes 11 a in a plan view.
- the above-described source electrode 13 a contacts a part of the semiconductor layer 14 .
- Drain electrodes 15 composed of the same material as that for the source wirings 13 and the source electrodes 13 a are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the insulating film 12 .
- the drain electrode 15 is arranged in close to the source electrode 13 a , and partially contacts the semiconductor layer 14 .
- a plurality of TFTs 16 are respectively arranged in a plurality of crossing parts where the plurality of gate wirings 11 and the plurality of source wirings 13 cross each other, like in the first embodiment.
- an interlayer resin film 17 is provided to cover the plurality of source wirings 13 , the plurality of TFTs 16 , and an exposed part of the insulating film 12 .
- the interlayer resin film 17 is a flattening film, and is embedded in each of a plurality of openings 12 a to cover the plurality of source wirings 13 , the plurality of TFTs 16 , and the exposed part of the insulating film 12 while flattening an uneven surface including respective upper surfaces of the plurality of source wirings 13 , the plurality of TFTs 16 , and the insulating film 12 .
- the interlayer resin film 17 is composed of a transparent resin material such as a photoresist.
- Common electrodes 18 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the interlayer resin film 17 .
- the common electrodes 18 are continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view.
- the common electrodes 18 are continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in a matrix shape in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- an opening 18 b which penetrates the common electrode 18 to reach the interlayer resin film 17 , is formed in the common electrode 18 . Therefore, the common electrode 18 has a lattice shape in a plan view.
- a plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 f serving as a plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 are provided on the interlayer resin film 17 .
- a plurality of auxiliary wirings 61 f are provided on the interlayer resin film 17 .
- Each of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 f and each of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 61 f are composed of a metal film.
- the metal film is composed of an opaque metal such as aluminum (Al) or molybdenum (Mo).
- the auxiliary wirings 6 f are respectively arranged within the regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 52 in a plan view.
- the auxiliary wirings 61 f are respectively arranged within the regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 51 in a plan view. Therefore, the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 f and the plurality of auxiliary wirings 61 f have a lattice shape as a whole in a plan view.
- the auxiliary wirings 6 f need not be respectively provided within all the regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 52 , or may be provided in every other one or more of the regions.
- the auxiliary wirings 61 f need not be respectively provided within all the regions provided with each of the plurality of extension portions 51 , or may be provided in every other one or more of the regions.
- the common electrode 18 is provided on each of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 f .
- the common electrode 18 is provided on each of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 61 f , which is not illustrated in FIG. 24 . Therefore, the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 f and the plurality of auxiliary wirings 61 f are electrically connected to the common electrodes 18 .
- Each of the auxiliary wiring 6 f and the auxiliary wiring 61 f has a lower electric resistivity than the electric resistivity of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO included in the common electrode 18 .
- the auxiliary wiring 6 f and the auxiliary wiring 61 f are electrically connected to the common electrode 18 , so that the electric resistance of the common electrode 18 can be reduced.
- the performance of the liquid crystal display can be improved, such as that a time constant can be shortened.
- each of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 6 f may be provided on the common electrode 18 .
- each of the plurality of auxiliary wirings 61 f may be provided on the common electrode 18 .
- the plurality of pixel electrodes 20 are provided on the interlayer resin film 17 .
- Each of the plurality of pixel electrodes 20 is composed of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO.
- the plurality of pixel electrodes 20 are respectively provided apart from the common electrodes 18 on the interlayer resin film 17 within regions in which the openings 18 b of the common electrodes 18 are formed in a plan view. Therefore, the plurality of pixel electrodes 20 are respectively arranged at positions not overlapping the common electrodes 18 inside the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. In other words, the common electrode 18 is provided apart from each of the plurality of pixel electrodes 20 in a plan view.
- an IPS-mode liquid crystal display is configured.
- a contact hole 25 which penetrates an inter-electrode insulating film 19 and the interlayer resin film 17 to reach the drain electrode 15 in the TFT 16 , is formed at a position overlapping the drain electrode 15 , in a plan view, in the periphery of the sub-pixels SPix.
- the pixel electrode 20 is electrically connected to the drain electrode 15 exposed to the bottom of the contact hole 25 .
- the pixel electrode 20 is omitted in FIG. 22 .
- the pixel electrode 20 provided inside each of the sub-pixels SPix is illustrated as the one including only one extension portion extending in the Y-axis direction, for example.
- the pixel electrodes 20 may have a come-tooth shape including a plurality of extension portions extending in the Y-axis direction and arranged in the X-axis direction, i.e., comb teeth, for example, in a plan view.
- the common electrode 18 may also have a come-tooth shape including a plurality of extension portions extending in the Y-axis direction and arranged in the X-axis direction, i.e., comb teeth, for example, in a plan view.
- the comb teeth of the pixel electrode 20 and the comp teeth of the common electrode 18 may be arranged to mesh with each other.
- an electric field is formed between the pixel electrode 20 and the common electrode 18 , so that an oriented state of a liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 4 changes.
- the oriented film 21 is provided, like in the first embodiment, to cover the pixel electrodes 20 , the common electrodes 18 , and an exposed part of the interlayer resin film 17 .
- the opposite substrate 3 can be made similar to the opposite substrate 3 in the first embodiment, for example. That is, the opposite substrate 3 includes a transparent substrate 30 as a base.
- the transparent substrate 30 has a surface 30 a and a reverse surface 30 b .
- the light shielding section 5 and a color filter layer 32 (see FIG. 3 ) are provided on the surface 30 a of the transparent substrate 30 .
- An overcoat layer 33 is provided to cover the light shielding section 5 and the color filter layer 32 .
- the spacer section 7 f serving as a spacer section 7 is provided on the overcoat layer 33 .
- An oriented film 35 is provided to cover the spacer section 7 f and the overcoat layer 33 .
- the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 are arranged to oppose each other, i.e., oppositely arranged via the auxiliary wirings 6 f and the spacer section 7 f .
- An area between the array substrate 1 and the opposite substrate 3 oppositely arranged is filled with the liquid crystal layer 4 , like in the first embodiment.
- the auxiliary wiring 6 f is arranged within the region provided with the extension portion 52 , and extends in the Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- the auxiliary wiring 6 f is electrically connected to the common electrode 18 .
- the auxiliary wiring 6 is provided to project toward the side of the opposite substrate 3 from the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 .
- the spacer section 7 f has a shape having a length in the X-axis direction, e.g., an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape in a plan view. That is, the length of the spacer section 7 f in the X-axis direction is larger than the width of the spacer section 7 f in the Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 f is arranged to cross the auxiliary wiring 6 f in a crossing region CR 1 where the extension portion 51 and the extension portion 52 cross each other in a plan view. Therefore, the length of the spacer section 7 f in the X-axis direction is larger than the width of the auxiliary wiring 6 f in the X-axis direction.
- the spacer section 7 f is also provided to project toward the side of the array substrate 1 from a surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 , like in the first embodiment.
- the spacer section 7 f is arranged within the region provided with the extension portion 51 in a plan view.
- the spacer section 7 f is prevented or inhibited from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in a part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view.
- the oriented film 21 formed on the surface 1 a can be prevented or inhibited from being damaged.
- a process for providing a projection on the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 need not be individually performed, like in the first embodiment.
- the number of processes for manufacturing the liquid crystal display can be more reduced than in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 1.
- the auxiliary wiring 6 f is composed of a metal film.
- a spacing between the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 and the surface 3 a of the opposite substrate 3 can be more accurately maintained than when a projection provided on a surface of an array substrate is composed of an organic film in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 1, like in the first embodiment.
- the auxiliary wiring 6 f and the spacer section 7 f are used to prevent the spacer section 7 f from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix, even when the spacer section 7 f moves in the transverse direction, like in the first embodiment. Therefore, an effect of preventing or inhibiting the spacer section 7 f from coming close to the surface 1 a of the array substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix can be more increased than in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 2.
- the present invention made by the inventors of the present invention has been concretely described based on the embodiments. However, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments and various modifications and alterations can be made within the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the present invention is not particularly limited to but applicable to a medium/small-sized liquid crystal display to a large-sized liquid crystal display.
- the present invention is effective by application to a liquid crystal display.
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Abstract
To prevent or inhibit, even if an array substrate and an opposite substrate shift from each other, a spacer section from coming close to the array substrate inside each of pixels, a liquid crystal display includes an auxiliary wiring provided to project toward the side of the opposite substrate from a surface of the array substrate, and the spacer section provided to project toward the side of the array substrate from a surface of the opposite substrate. The auxiliary wiring is arranged within a region provided with an extension portion in a liquid shielding section, and extends in an X-axis direction in a plan view, and a length in a Y-axis direction of the spacer section is larger than a width in the X-axis direction of the spacer section. The spacer section crosses the auxiliary wiring in a crossing region where the extension portion and an extension portion cross each other in a plan view.
Description
- The present application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-082754 filed on Apr. 14, 2014, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference into this application.
- The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display, and more particularly to a liquid crystal display including a plurality of pixels.
- A liquid crystal display includes an array substrate, an opposite substrate arranged to oppose the array substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the array substrate and the opposite substrate, for example. The array substrate or the opposite substrate includes a light shielding section having a lattice shape in a plan view. The light shielding section defines a plurality of pixels. The array substrate includes a thin film transistor (TFT) serving as a switching element.
- In this liquid crystal display, an electric field is formed in the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage between a pixel electrode provided in each of a plurality of pixels and a common electrode provided to be common to the plurality of pixels. Thus, in each of the pixels, display is performed based on image data. For example, an image is displayed outside the opposite substrate.
- In this liquid crystal display, a spacer section is formed between the array substrate and the opposite substrate in order to maintain a spacing between the array substrate and the opposite substrate and maintain the thickness of the liquid crystal layer constant. The spacer section is fixed to the opposite substrate, for example. The spacer section is arranged to overlap the light shielding section in a plan view.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-186148 (Patent Literature 1) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-181786 (Patent Literature 2), for example, discuss a liquid crystal display in which a spacer section formed between an array substrate and an opposite substrate is arranged to overlap a light shielding section in a plan view.
- In this liquid crystal display, the array substrate or the opposite substrate may be deflected by application of a force from the outside, so that the array substrate and the opposite substrate may shift from each other in a transverse direction, i.e., in a direction parallel to a surface of the array substrate or a surface of the opposite substrate. In such a case, a spacer section may come close to the surface of the array substrate in apart arranged inside each of pixels in a plan view, and an oriented film formed on the surface of the array substrate in the part arranged inside each of the pixels in a plan view may be damaged. As a result, light may leak from a damaged part of the oriented film.
- The present invention has been made to solve a problem in the above-described conventional technique and is directed to providing a liquid crystal display capable of preventing or inhibiting, even if an array substrate and an opposite substrate shift from each other, a spacer section from coming close to a surface of the array substrate in a part arranged inside each of pixels.
- The following is a brief description of an outline of the typical invention disclosed in the present application.
- A liquid crystal display as an aspect of the present invention includes: a first substrate having a first main surface; a second substrate having a second main surface and arranged to oppose the first substrate so that the second main surface and the first main surface of the first substrate oppose each other; and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first main surface of the first substrate and the second main surface of the second substrate. Further, the liquid crystal display includes a light shielding section provided to overlap the first substrate and the second substrate in a plan view and including a plurality of first extension portions extending in a first direction and a plurality of second extension portions extending in a second direction crossing the first direction in a plan view. Further, the liquid crystal display includes a plurality of pixels defined by the plurality of first extension portions and the plurality of second extension portions in a plan view. Further, the liquid crystal display includes: a first wiring provided to project toward a side of the second substrate from the first main surface of the first substrate; and a spacer section provided to project toward a side of the first substrate from the second main surface of the second substrate. The first wiring is arranged within a region provided with any one of the plurality of first extension portions, and extends in the first direction in a plan view, and a length of the spacer section in the second direction is larger than a width of the spacer section in the first direction. The spacer section is arranged to cross the first wiring in a crossing region where any one of the plurality of second extension portions and any one of the first extension portions cross each other in a plan view.
- As another aspect of the present invention, the spacer section may be arranged within a region provided with any one of the second extension portions in a plan view. Further, as another aspect of the present invention, the light shielding section may include a light shielding portion for spacer section that shields the spacer section from light, and the spacer section may be arranged within a region provided with the light shielding portion for spacer section in a plan view. Furthermore, as another aspect of the present invention, the liquid crystal display may include a second wiring provided to project toward a side of the second substrate from the first main surface of the first substrate, and the second wiring may be arranged to cross the first wiring in the crossing region, and extend in the second direction in a plan view.
- Further, as another aspect of the present invention, the liquid crystal display may include: each of a plurality of first electrodes, provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate, inside each of a plurality of pixels arranged in the first direction among the plurality of pixels; and a second electrode provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate to overlap each of the plurality of first electrodes in a plan view. At this time, the first wiring may be electrically connected to the second electrode, and an electric field may be formed between each of the plurality of first electrodes and the second electrode, so that an image is displayed.
- Further, as another aspect of the present invention, the liquid crystal display may include: a plurality of gate wirings provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate, and extending in the first direction in a plan view; a plurality of source wirings provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate, and extending in the second direction in a plan view; and a plurality of transistors respectively arranged in a plurality of crossing parts where the plurality of gate wirings and the plurality of source wirings cross each other. At this time, the light shielding section may be provided in the second substrate.
- Further, as another aspect of the present invention, the liquid crystal display may include: a plurality of gate wirings provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate, and extending in the second direction in a plan view; a plurality of source wirings provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate, and extending in the first direction in a plan view; and a plurality of transistors respectively arranged in a plurality of crossing parts where the plurality of gate wirings and the plurality of source wirings cross each other. At this time, the light shielding section is provided in the second substrate.
- Further, as another aspect of the present invention, the liquid crystal display may include a third electrode extending in the second direction in a plan view, and an input position is detected based on a capacitance between the third electrode and the first wiring.
- Further, as another aspect of the present invention, the liquid crystal display may include: a plurality of gate wirings provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate, and extending in the second direction in a plan view; and a first insulating film provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate to cover the plurality of gate wirings. Further, the liquid crystal display may include a plurality of source wirings provided on the first insulating film, and extending in the first direction in a plan view. At this time, the plurality of gate wirings may be respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality of second extension portions in a plan view, and the plurality of source wirings may be respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality of first extension portions in a plan view. Further, the liquid crystal display may include: a plurality of openings respectively provided by penetrating the first insulating film in parts overlapping the plurality of pixels in a plan view; and a second insulating film provided to be embedded in each of the plurality of openings and to cover the first insulating film and the plurality of source wirings. Further, the liquid crystal display may include a plurality of recesses respectively formed on an upper surface of the second insulating film in parts overlapping each of the plurality of openings in a plan view.
- Further, as another aspect of the present invention, the liquid crystal display may include: each of a plurality of first electrodes, provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate, inside each of a plurality of pixels arranged in the first direction among the plurality of pixels; and a second electrode provided on the side of the first main surface of the first substrate to overlap each of the plurality of pixels arranged in the first direction in a plan view. At this time, the second electrode may be provided apart from each of the plurality of first electrodes in a plan view, the first wiring may be may be formed between each of the plurality of first electrodes and the second electrode, so that an image is displayed.
-
FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal display according to a first embodiment; -
FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment; -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment; -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment; -
FIG. 5 is a plan view illustrating a first modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment; -
FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating a second modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment; -
FIG. 7 is a plan view illustrating a third modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment; -
FIG. 8 is explanatory view illustrating a state where a finger has contacted and come close to a touch panel; -
FIG. 9 is explanatory view illustrating an example of an equivalent circuit of a state where a finger has contacted and come close to the touch panel; -
FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating an example of a driving electrode and a detection electrode; -
FIG. 11 is a plan view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal display according to a second embodiment; -
FIG. 12 is a plan view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment; -
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment; -
FIG. 14 is across-sectional view illustrating another example of the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment; -
FIG. 15 is a plan view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal display according to a third embodiment; -
FIG. 16 is a plan view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment; -
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment; -
FIG. 18 is across-sectional view illustrating another example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment; -
FIG. 19 is a plan view illustrating a first modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment; -
FIG. 20 is a plan view illustrating the first modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment; -
FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the first modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment; -
FIG. 22 is a plan view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal display according to a fourth embodiment; -
FIG. 23 is a plan view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal display according to the fourth embodiment; and -
FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the fourth embodiment. - Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to drawings.
- Note that the disclosures are provided by way of example, and any suitable variations easily conceived by a person with ordinary skill in the art while pertaining to the gist of the invention are of course included in the scope of the present invention. Further, in the drawings, widths, thicknesses and shapes of respective components may be schematically illustrated in comparison with the embodiments for the purpose of making the description more clearly understood, but these are merely examples, and do not limit the interpretations of the present invention.
- Further, in the specification and drawings, elements which are similar to those already described with respect to previous drawings are denoted by the same reference characters, and detailed descriptions thereof will be suitably omitted.
- Further, in some drawings used in the embodiments, hatching is omitted in some cases even in a cross-sectional view so as to make the drawings easy to see. Still further, hatching is used in some cases even in a plan view so as to make the drawings easy to see.
- A
liquid crystal display 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. A Fringe Field Switching (FFS)-mode liquid crystal display serving as a color-display transverse electric field system will be described as an example of the liquid crystal display. The transverse electric field system is a system in which a pair of electrodes is provided while being insulated from each other on the side of a liquid crystal layer of either one of an array substrate and an opposite substrate, and an electric field in a substantially transverse direction is formed in the liquid crystal layer. An FFS mode is one transverse electric field system in which the pair of electrodes is arranged to overlap each other in a plan view. - First, a schematic configuration of the
liquid crystal display 100 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference toFIGS. 1 to 4 . -
FIGS. 1 and 2 are plan views illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment.FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment.FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment.FIGS. 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views along a line A-A illustrated inFIG. 1 .FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a state where theliquid crystal display 100 is seen through by removing a part, other than alight shielding section 5 and aspacer section 7, of anopposite substrate 3, and aliquid crystal layer 4 for ease of understanding. InFIGS. 1 and 2 , illustration of a part of anarray substrate 1 is omitted for ease of understanding. - As illustrated in
FIGS. 1 to 3 , theliquid crystal display 100 according to the first embodiment includes thearray substrate 1, theopposite substrate 3, and theliquid crystal layer 4. Thearray substrate 1 has asurface 1 a serving as a main surface, and theopposite substrate 3 has asurface 3 a serving as a main surface. Theopposite substrate 3 is arranged to oppose thearray substrate 1 so that thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3 and thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 oppose each other. Theliquid crystal layer 4 is sandwiched between thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 and thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3. - The
liquid crystal display 100 according to the first embodiment includes thelight shielding section 5. Thelight shielding section 5 is provided to overlap thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 in a plan view, and has alight shielding property for blocking light. That is, thelight shielding section 5 blocks incident light, which has been incident on theliquid crystal layer 4 from a light source, for example, so that the incident light does not reach theliquid crystal layer 4. Alternatively, thelight shielding section 5 blocks transmitted light, which has been transmitted through theliquid crystal layer 4 after being incident thereon from a light source, for example, so that the transmitted light does not reach a viewer. Thelight shielding section 5 can include a light shielding film referred to as a black matric, which is provided in thearray substrate 1 or theopposite substrate 3, for example. Alternatively, thelight shielding section 5 can include a wiring pattern having a light shielding property such as agate wiring 11 or asource wiring 13, described below, provided in thearray substrate 1, for example. - In the specification of this application, “in a plan view” means a case “viewed from a direction perpendicular to the
surface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 or viewed from a direction perpendicular to thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3”. - A case where the
light shielding section 5 is composed of a light shielding film provided in theopposite substrate 3 will be exemplified below. As illustrated inFIG. 1 , two directions crossing each other and preferably perpendicular to each other in a plan view are respectively an X-axis direction and a Y-axis direction. At this time, thelight shielding section 5 includes a plurality ofextension portions 51 extending in the X-axis direction and arranged apart from one another in the Y-axis direction, and a plurality ofextension portions 52 extending in the Y-axis direction and arranged apart from one another in the X-axis direction. - The
liquid crystal display 100 according to the first embodiment has a plurality of sub-pixels SPix. The plurality of sub-pixels SPix are defined by the plurality ofextension portions 51 included in thelight shielding section 5 and the plurality ofextension portions 52 included in thelight shielding section 5. That is, the plurality of sub-pixels SPix are respectively provided in a plurality of openingregions 53 defined by the plurality ofextension portions 51 included in thelight shielding section 5 and the plurality ofextension portions 52 included in thelight shielding section 5. In this case, theopening region 53 is an opening region formed in thelight shielding section 5. Therefore, the plurality of sub-pixels SPix are arranged in a matrix shape in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and the plurality of openingregions 53 are arranged in a matrix shape in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. - Each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix displays any one of three colors, e.g., red (R), green (G), and blue (B). At this time, the three sub-pixels SPix, which respectively display red (R), green (G), and blue (B), constitute one pixel.
- In the specification of this application, the sub-pixels SPix and the opening
regions 53 in a case where thelight shielding section 5 is provided in theopposite substrate 3 mean regions defined by the plurality ofextension portions 51 and the plurality ofextension portions 52 when thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 do not shift from each other. - The
liquid crystal display 100 is not limited to three-color display. For example, sub-pixels SPix in two or less colors can also constitute one pixel. Alternatively, sub-pixels SPix in four or more colors can also constitute one pixel (the same is true for each of embodiments described below). - The
array substrate 1 includes atransparent substrate 10 as a base. Thetransparent substrate 10 has asurface 10 a serving as one main surface and areverse surface 10 b serving as a surface on the opposite side of thesurface 10 a and the other main surface. Thetransparent substrate 10 is composed of glass, quartz, or plastic having a transparent insulating property. - A plurality of gate wirings 11 are provided on the
surface 10 a of thetransparent substrate 10. That is, the plurality of gate wirings 11 are provided on the side of thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. The plurality of gate wirings 11 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 51, and extend in the X-axis direction in a plan view. Each of the plurality of gate wirings 11 is composed of an opaque metal such as aluminum (Al) or molybdenum (Mo). Agate electrode 11 a extends from thegate wiring 11 in a crossing part between asource wiring 13 described below and thegate wiring 11. - In the specification of this application, “provided on the side of the
surface 1 a of thearray substrate 1” means a case “provided in direct contact with thesurface 10 a of thetransparent substrate 10 on thesurface 10 a”, and a case “provided apart from thesurface 10 a of thetransparent substrate 10 above thesurface 10 a”. - An insulating
film 12 serving as a gate insulating film is provided to cover the gate wirings 11 and thegate electrodes 11 a. That is, the insulatingfilm 12 is provided on the side of thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. The insulatingfilm 12 is a transparent insulating film composed of silicon nitride or silicon oxide, for example. - A plurality of source wirings 13 are provided on the insulating
film 12. That is, the plurality of source wirings 13 are provided on the side of thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. The plurality of source wirings 13 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 52, and extend in the Y-axis direction in a plan view. Each of the plurality of source wirings 13 is composed of an opaque metal such as aluminum (Al) or molybdenum (Mo). Asource electrode 13 a extends from thesource wiring 13 in the crossing part between thesource wiring 13 and thegate wiring 11. - A
semiconductor layer 14 is provided on the insulatingfilm 12 in parts respectively overlapping thegate electrodes 11 a in a plan view. Thesemiconductor layer 14 is composed of amorphous silicon or polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon), for example. The above-describedsource electrode 13 a contacts a part of thesemiconductor layer 14. -
Drain electrodes 15 composed of the same material as that for the source wirings 13 and thesource electrodes 13 a are provided on the insulatingfilm 12. Thedrain electrode 15 is arranged in close to thesource electrode 13 a, and partially contacts thesemiconductor layer 14. - Preferably, the
drain electrode 15 includes a conductive film formed in the same layer as a conductive film included in thesource wiring 13. Thus, thedrain electrode 15 can be formed in a process identical to a process for forming thesource wiring 13. - Therefore, a plurality of thin film transistors (TFT) 16 are respectively arranged and provided in a plurality of crossing parts where the plurality of
gate wirings 11 and the plurality of source wirings 13 cross each other. Each of the plurality ofTFTs 16 is a switching element constituted by thegate electrode 11 a, the insulatingfilm 12, thesource electrode 13 a, thesemiconductor layer 14, and thedrain electrode 15. The plurality ofTFTs 16 are provided on the side of thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. - Further, an
interlayer resin film 17 is provided to cover the plurality of source wirings 13, the plurality ofTFTs 16, and an exposed part of the insulatingfilm 12. Theinterlayer resin film 17 is a flattening film, and covers the plurality of source wirings 13, the plurality ofTFTs 16, and the exposed part of the insulatingfilm 12 while flattening an uneven surface including respective upper surfaces of the plurality of source wirings 13, the plurality ofTFTs 16, and the insulatingfilm 12. Theinterlayer resin film 17 is composed of a transparent resin material such as a photoresist. -
Common electrodes 18 are provided on theinterlayer resin film 17. That is, thecommon electrodes 18 are provided on the side of thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. Thecommon electrode 18 is composed of a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO). Thecommon electrodes 18 are continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. In an example illustrated inFIG. 2 , thecommon electrodes 18 are continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the X-axis direction. In the example illustrated inFIG. 2 , thecommon electrodes 18 are provided to respectively overlap a plurality ofpixel electrodes 20, which will be described below, arranged in the X-axis direction, and extend in the X-axis direction in a plan view. - The
common electrodes 18 may be continuously and integrally provided, when the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the X-axis direction constitute a sub-pixel group, to respectively overlap a plurality of sub-pixel groups arranged in the Y-axis direction. Alternatively, the singlecommon electrode 18 may be provided to overlap the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in a matrix shape in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. - A plurality of
auxiliary wirings 6 are provided on theinterlayer resin film 17. That is, the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 are provided on the side of thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. Each of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 is composed of a metal film. The metal film is composed of an opaque metal such as aluminum (Al) or molybdenum (Mo). - The plurality of
auxiliary wirings 6 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 51, and extend in the X-axis direction in a plan view. Each of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 is provided to project toward the side of theopposite substrate 3 from thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. Thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 means a surface of the orientedfilm 21 provided on the side of thesurface 10 a of thetransparent substrate 10 in a part not provided with theauxiliary wirings 6. - The
auxiliary wirings 6 need not be respectively provided within all the regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 51, or may be provided in every other one or every other one or more of the regions. That is, theauxiliary wiring 6 may be arranged within the region provided with any one of the plurality ofextension portions 51. - As an example is illustrated in
FIG. 2 , thecommon electrode 18 is provided so that a peripheral edge of thecommon electrode 18 overlaps any one of the plurality ofextension portions 51 in a plan view. As illustrated inFIG. 3 , any one of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 is provided on thecommon electrode 18 in a part overlapping any one of theextension portions 51 in a plan view. Therefore, anyone of theauxiliary wirings 6 is electrically connected to thecommon electrode 18. - The
auxiliary wiring 6 has a lower electric resistivity than the electric resistivity of the transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO included in thecommon electrode 18. Therefore, theauxiliary wiring 6 is electrically connected to thecommon electrode 18, so that the electric resistance of thecommon electrode 18 can be reduced. Thus, the performance of the liquid crystal display can be improved, such as that a time constant can be shortened. - An inter-electrode insulating
film 19 is provided to cover thecommon electrodes 18. That is, the inter-electrode insulatingfilm 19 is provided on the side of thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. The inter-electrodeinsulating film 19 is a transparent insulating film composed of silicon nitride or silicon oxide, for example. - The plurality of
pixel electrodes 20 are provided on the inter-electrode insulatingfilm 19. Each of the plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 is composed of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO. Each of the plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 is provided on the side of thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 inside each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. Therefore, thecommon electrodes 18 are provided to respectively overlap the plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 arranged in the X-axis direction, for example, in a plan view. Thecommon electrode 18 and thepixel electrode 20 oppose each other via the inter-electrode insulatingfilm 19 inside each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix. - The inter-electrode
insulating film 19 is provided to cover theauxiliary wirings 6 provided on thecommon electrodes 18 within the region provided with each of theextension portion 51 in a plan view. - A contact hole (not illustrated), which penetrates the inter-electrode insulating
film 19 and theinterlayer resin film 17 to reach thedrain electrode 15, is formed, and thepixel electrode 20 is electrically connected to thedrain electrode 15 exposed to the bottom of the contact hole in a plan view. - Although the
pixel electrode 20 is provided above thecommon electrode 18 in the example illustrated inFIG. 3 , thecommon electrode 18 may be provided above thepixel electrode 20. Such an example is illustrated inFIG. 4 . In the example illustrated inFIG. 4 , an opening 18 a is formed in thecommon electrode 18. In the example illustrated inFIG. 4 , thecommon electrode 18 is provided on theauxiliary wiring 6. That is, theauxiliary wiring 6 may be provided under thecommon electrode 18. - For ease of understanding, illustration of the
pixel electrodes 20 is omitted inFIGS. 1 and 2 . InFIGS. 3 and 4 , thepixel electrode 20 provided inside each of the sub-pixels SPix is illustrated as the one including only one extension portion extending in the Y-axis direction, for example. However, the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment is an FFS-mode liquid crystal display. Thus, thepixel electrode 20 may have a come-tooth shape including a plurality of extension portions, i.e., comb teeth extending in the Y-axis direction and arranged in the X-axis direction, for example, in a plan view (the same is true for a second embodiment and a third embodiment, described below). At this time, a fringe electric field is formed between thepixel electrode 20 and thecommon electrode 18 via a slit provided between the two extension portions adjacent to each other, i.e., the comb teeth, so that an oriented state of a liquid crystal in theliquid crystal layer 4 changes (the same is true for the second embodiment and the third embodiment). - An oriented
film 21 is provided to cover thepixel electrodes 20 and an exposed part of the inter-electrode insulatingfilm 19. That is, the orientedfilm 21 is provided on the side of thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. The orientedfilm 21 is composed of polyimide, for example. The orientedfilm 21 is subjected to rubbing processing in a positive direction in the Y-axis direction illustrated inFIG. 1 , for example. - The
opposite substrate 3 includes atransparent substrate 30 as a base. Thetransparent substrate 30 has asurface 30 a serving as one main surface and areverse surface 30 b serving as a surface on the opposite side of thesubstrate 30 a and the other main surface. Thetransparent substrate 30 is composed of glass, quartz, or plastic having a transparent insulating property. Thetransparent substrate 30 is arranged to oppose thetransparent substrate 10 so that thesurface 10 a of thetransparent substrate 10 and thesurface 30 a of thetransparent substrate 30 oppose each other. - The
light shielding section 5 is provided on thesurface 30 a of thetransparent substrate 30. That is, thelight shielding section 5 is provided on the side of thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3. Thelight shielding section 5 is provided to overlap each of the plurality ofgate wirings 11 and each of the plurality of source wirings 13 in a plan view. Thelight shielding section 5 has a light shielding property for blocking light, is composed of resin or a metal, for example, and is referred to as a black matrix. As described above, thelight shielding section 5 includes the plurality ofextension portions 51 extending in the X-axis direction and arranged apart from one another in the Y-axis direction, and the plurality ofextension portions 52 extending in the Y-axis direction and arranged apart from one another in the X-axis direction in a plan view. As described above, the plurality ofextension portions 51 are provided so that the gate wirings 11 are respectively arranged within the regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 51 in a plan view. The plurality ofextension portions 52 are provided so that the source wirings 13 are respectively arranged within the regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 52 in a plan view. - In the specification of this application, “provided on the side of the
surface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3” includes a case “provided in direct contact with thesurface 30 a of thetransparent substrate 30”, and a case “arranged apart from thesurface 30 a of thetransparent substrate 30”. - The width of the
extension portion 51 in the Y-axis direction is larger than the width of theextension portion 52 in the X-axis direction. At this time, theTFT 16 provided in the crossing part between thegate wiring 11 and thesource wiring 13 can be arranged within the region provided with theextension portion 51. - A plurality of color filter layers 32 are provided on the
surface 30 a of thetransparent substrate 30. That is, the plurality of color filter layers 32 are provided on the side of thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3. The plurality of color filter layers 32 are respectively arranged inside the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. In the plurality of sub-pixels SPix, the color filter layers 32, which transmit lights in different colors depending on the sub-pixels SPix, are respectively arranged.FIG. 3 illustrates thecolor filter layer 32 a serving as acolor filter layer 32 that transmits light in red (R), for example, and thecolor filter layer 32 c serving as acolor filter layer 32 that transmits light in blue (B), for example. - An
overcoat layer 33 is provided to cover thelight shielding section 5 and the plurality of color filter layers 32. That is, theovercoat layer 33 is provided on the side of thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3. Theovercoat layer 33 is composed of a transparent resin material such as a photoresist. Theovercoat layer 33 flattens a step caused by each of the plurality of color filter layers 32. Alternatively, theovercoat layer 33 prevents impurities flowing out of either one of thelight shielding section 5 and the plurality of color filter layers 32 from entering theliquid crystal layer 4. - The
spacer section 7 is provided on theovercoat layer 33. That is, thespacer section 7 is provided on the side of thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3. Thespacer section 7 keeps a spacing between thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 constant and keeps the thickness of theliquid crystal layer 4 constant. Thespacer section 7 is a photo spacer composed of a transparent resin material such as a photoresist. - The
spacer section 7 is provided to project toward the side of thearray substrate 1 from thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3. Thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3 means a surface of an orientedfilm 35 provided on the side of thesurface 30 a of thetransparent substrate 30 in a part not provided with thespacer section 7. - As illustrated in
FIGS. 1 and 2 , thespacer section 7 need not be provided around all the plurality of sub-pixels SPix. That is, for example, onespacer section 7 may be provided for the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the X-axis direction. Alternatively, onespacer section 7 may be provided for the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the Y-axis direction. - The oriented
film 35 is provided to cover thespacer section 7 and theovercoat layer 33. That is, the orientedfilm 35 is provided on the side of thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3. The orientedfilm 35 is composed of polyimide, for example. The orientedfilm 35 is subjected to rubbing processing in an opposite direction to the orientedfilm 21 provided in thearray substrate 1. - The
array substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 are arranged to oppose each other, i.e., oppositely arranged via theauxiliary wirings 6 and thespacer section 7. A sealing material (not illustrated) is provided between an outer peripheral part of thearray substrate 1 and an outer peripheral part of theopposite substrate 3. An area between thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 oppositely arranged is filled with theliquid crystal layer 4. - By the above-described configuration, in the respective sub-pixels SPix, when the
TFTs 16 are turned on, a voltage is applied to each of the plurality ofpixel electrodes 20, so that an electric field is formed between thecommon electrode 18 and thepixel electrode 20, and an orientation of the liquid crystal in theliquid crystal layer 4 changes due to the formed electric field. Thus, light transmittance in theliquid crystal layer 4 changes, so that an image is displayed. A region where thecommon electrode 18 and each of the plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 oppose each other via the inter-electrode insulatingfilm 19 forms an auxiliary capacitance, and when theTFTs 16 are turned off, an electric field between thecommon electrode 18 and each of the plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 is held for a predetermined period of time. - An arrangement of the auxiliary wiring and the spacer section in the
liquid crystal display 100 according to the first embodiment and its effect will be described below with reference toFIGS. 1 to 3 . The auxiliary wiring, which crosses thespacer section 7, among the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 will be described below. - As described above, the
auxiliary wiring 6 is arranged within the region provided with any one of the plurality ofextension portions 51, and extends in the X-axis direction in a plan view. Theauxiliary wiring 6 is electrically connected to thecommon electrode 18. Theauxiliary wiring 6 is provided to project toward the side of theopposite substrate 3 from thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. - On the other hand, the
spacer section 7 has a shape having a length in the Y-axis direction, e.g., an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape in a plan view. That is, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 in the Y-axis direction is larger than the width WD1 of thespacer section 7 in the X-axis direction in a plan view. Thespacer section 7 is arranged to cross theauxiliary wiring 6 in a crossing region CR1 where any one of theextension portions 51 and any one of the plurality ofextension portions 52 cross each other in a plan view. Therefore, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 in the Y-axis direction is larger than the width WD2 of theauxiliary wiring 6 in the Y-axis direction. - As described above, the
spacer section 7 is provided to project toward the side of thearray substrate 1 from thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3. - If the
auxiliary wirings 6 are not provided, thearray substrate 1 or theopposite substrate 3 is deflected by application of a force from the outside during processes for manufacturing the liquid crystal display or during use of the liquid crystal display, for example, so that thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 may shift from each other in a transverse direction, i.e., in a direction parallel to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 or thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3. In such a case, thespacer section 7 comes close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. Thus, the orientedfilm 21 formed on thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view may be damaged. As a result, light may leak from a damaged part of the orientedfilm 21. - In the specification of this application, “the
spacer section 7 comes close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1” means that thespacer section 7 contacts thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 or thespacer section 7 contacts thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 via the orientedfilm 35 in addition to approaching thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. - On the other hand, in the first embodiment, the
auxiliary wirings 6 are provided, as illustrated inFIG. 2 .FIG. 2 illustrates a case where thespacer section 7 shifts in an oblique direction DR1 from its original position, for example, by thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 shifting from each other in the transverse direction. In such a case, the center of thespacer section 7 overlaps thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged within anopening region 53 a serving as theopening region 53 in a plan view while anend 71 of thespacer section 7 overlaps theauxiliary wiring 6 in a plan view. Therefore, thespacer section 7 is supported by theauxiliary wiring 6. Thus, a spacing is still provided between thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged within theopening region 53 a and thespacer section 7 in a plan view, so that both thesurface 1 a and thespacer section 7 do not contact each other. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a case where thespacer section 7 shifts in an oblique direction DR2 from its original position, for example, by thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 shifting from each other in the transverse direction. In such a case, the center of thespacer section 7 overlaps thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged within anopening region 53 b serving as theopening region 53 in a plan view while anend 72 of thespacer section 7 overlaps theauxiliary wiring 6 in a plan view. Therefore, thespacer section 7 is supported by theauxiliary wiring 6. Thus, a spacing is still provided between thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged within theopening region 53 b and thespacer section 7 in a plan view, so that both thesurface 1 a and thespacer section 7 do not contact each other. - Therefore, even if the
array substrate 1 or theopposite substrate 3 is deflected by application of a force from the outside, and thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 shift from each other in the transverse direction, a state where theauxiliary wiring 6 and thespacer section 7 overlap each other in a plan view is maintained. Thus, thespacer section 7 is prevented or inhibited from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. As a result, the orientedfilm 21 formed on thesurface 1 a can be prevented or inhibited from being damaged. - Letting SH1 be a maximum shift amount when the
opposite substrate 3 shifts from thearray substrate 1 most greatly toward one side in the Y-axis direction, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 in the Y-axis direction preferably satisfies the following equation (1): -
LN1>SH1+WD2 (1) - More preferably, the length LN1 is larger than twice of the maximum shift amount SH1. Still more preferably, when the width of the
extension portion 51 is WD3, the length LN1 satisfies the following equation (2): -
LN1>2SH1+WD3 (2) - In this case, when the
opposite substrate 3 shifts from thearray substrate 1 in the Y-axis direction, thespacer section 7 can be more reliably prevented from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix as the length LN1 increases. - More specifically, in the first embodiment, even if the
array substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 shift from each other in the transverse direction, previously assuming that thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 shift from each other in the transverse direction during manufacturing processes or during use, thespacer section 7 is prevented or inhibited from coming close to the surface of the array substrate 1 (the same is true for each of the embodiments described below). - In a technique discussed in
Patent Literature 1, a liquid crystal display has a projection provided to project from a surface of an array substrate. The array substrate and an opposite substrate are oppositely arranged via a spacer section provided in the opposite substrate and the projection provided on the array substrate. - In the technique discussed in
Patent Literature 1, to form the projection on the surface of the array substrate, the organic insulating film formed to cover a source line needs to be half-etched, leaving a part to be the projection, by half-exposing and then developing the organic insulating film. Therefore, the number of manufacturing processes increases by an increase in the number of exposure times for providing the projection. - Alternatively, in the technique discussed in
Patent Literature 1, to form the projection on the surface of the array substrate, a film other than the organic insulating film needs to be formed, as the projection, on the organic insulating film formed to cover the source line. Therefore, the number of manufacturing processes increases by an increase in the number of times for forming the film for providing the projection. - On the other hand, in the first embodiment, the
auxiliary wiring 6 electrically connected to thecommon electrode 18 is provided to project from thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. That is, theauxiliary wiring 6 also serves as a projection for supporting thespacer section 7 provided in theopposite substrate 3. Therefore, a process for providing the projection need not be individually performed. Thus, the number of processes for manufacturing the liquid crystal display can be more reduced than in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 1 (the same is true for each of modification examples, described below, of the first embodiment). - The
auxiliary wiring 6 is composed of a metal film. Thus, accuracies in the thickness and the width of the projection are more improved and the hardness of the projection is more increased than when the projection provided on thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 is composed of an organic film, in the technique discussed inPatent Literature 1. Therefore, a spacing between thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 and thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3 can be more accurately maintained than in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 1 (the same is true for each of the modification examples of the first embodiment). - In a technique discussed in Patent Literature 2, when a TFT substrate or an opposite substrate receives pressing pressure from the outside, a leading end of a columnar spacer provided on the opposite substrate cuts into a stopper including a bus electrode provided in the TFT substrate and ITO for projection, to prevent the columnar spacer from moving in a transverse direction.
- More specifically, in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 2, the stopper including the bus electrode and the ITO for projection cuts into the columnar spacer. Thus, a shift between the substrates is not allowed. If such an external force that the TFT substrate and the opposite substrate shift from each other in a transverse direction is exerted, a large stress is exerted between the stopper and the columnar spacer because the shift between the substrates is not allowed. Therefore, an abutment part between the stopper and the columnar spacer and its surroundings are damaged. Therefore, transmittance in the abutment part and the surroundings may significantly decrease.
- On the other hand, in the first embodiment, the
auxiliary wiring 6 and thespacer section 7 allow thespacer section 7 to slightly move in the transverse direction due to an external force, and prevent thespacer section 7 from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix even if thespacer section 7 moves in that manner. Therefore, thespacer section 7 has a shape having a length in the Y-axis direction crossing the X-axis direction in which theauxiliary wiring 6 extends. That is, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 in the Y-axis direction is larger than the width WD1 of thespacer section 7 in the X-axis direction. - Thus, when the
opposite substrate 3 shifts from thearray substrate 1 in the X-axis direction, even if the width WD1 of thespacer section 7 in the X-axis direction is small, the center of thespacer section 7 is supported by a part, located at a different position in the X-axis direction from a part, which originally supports thespacer section 7, of theauxiliary wiring 6. When theopposite substrate 3 shifts from thearray substrate 1 in the Y-axis direction, even if the width WD2 of theauxiliary wiring 6 in the Y-axis direction is small, an end in the Y-axis direction of thespacer section 7 is supported by the part, which originally supports thespacer section 7, of theauxiliary wiring 6. - Therefore, even if the
array substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 shift from each other in the transverse direction, thespacer section 7 can be prevented or inhibited from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix without increasing the width WD1 of thespacer section 7 and the width WD2 of theauxiliary wiring 6. Therefore, an effect of preventing or inhibiting thespacer section 7 from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix can be more increased than in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 2 (the same is true for each of the modification examples of the first embodiment). - The
auxiliary wiring 6 does not cut into thespacer section 7. Thus, after an external force is removed, thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 return to a state prior to where they shift from each other in the transverse direction, i.e., a state where the center of thespacer section 7 is supported by the part, which originally supports thespacer section 7, of theauxiliary wiring 6. - As described above, the width of the
extension portion 51 in the Y-axis direction is larger than the width of theextension portion 52 in the X-axis direction, for covering theTFT 16 provided in the crossing part between thegate wiring 11 and thesource wiring 13. In other words, the width of theextension portion 52 in the X-axis direction is smaller than the width of theextension portion 51 in the Y-axis direction. Therefore, the width WD1 of thespacer section 7 in the X-axis direction may be substantially the same as the width of theextension portion 52 in the X-axis direction. - In such a case, the
light shielding section 5 preferably includes a light shielding portion forspacer section 54 that shields thespacer section 7 from light, as illustrated inFIGS. 1 and 2 . Thespacer section 7 is arranged within a region provided with the light shielding portion forspacer section 54 in a plan view. More specifically, the width of the light shielding portion forspacer section 54 in the X-axis direction is larger than the width of theextension portion 52 in the X-axis direction and the width WD1 of thespacer section 7 in the X-axis direction. Thus, the light shielding portion forspacer section 54 can cover theentire spacer section 7 in a plan view. - In the liquid crystal display, it is important, from the viewpoint of improving the luminance of the image to be displayed, that a plurality of pixels are arranged in a matrix shape, and an area ratio of the opening regions formed in the light shielding section, i.e., an opening ratio in a display region where an image is displayed is improved. Particularly in a medium/small-sized liquid crystal display used in an electronic device such as a smartphone or a tablet terminal, it is liable to be difficult to ensure a high opening ratio because the pixels are made highly fine. Thus, it is important to improve the above-described opening ratio.
- In the
liquid crystal display 100 according to the first embodiment, thespacer section 7 can be prevented or inhibited from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix without the width of theextension portion 51 or the width of theextension portion 52 being increased, and the luminance of the image displayed by theliquid crystal display 100 can be easily improved. If theliquid crystal display 100 according to the first embodiment is applied to the medium/small-sized liquid crystal display in which a high opening ratio is more difficult to be ensured because the pixels are made highly fine, an effect of easily improving the luminance of an image displayed by the liquid crystal display is further increased (the same is true for each of the embodiments described below). - A first modification example of the arrangement of the auxiliary wiring and the spacer section in the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment will be described below with reference to
FIG. 5 . -
FIG. 5 is a plan view illustrating the first modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment.FIG. 5 illustrates a state where a liquid crystal display in the first modification example is seen through by removing a part, other than alight shielding section 5 and aspacer section 7 a, of anopposite substrate 3 and aliquid crystal layer 4. InFIG. 5 , illustration of a part of anarray substrate 1 is omitted. - In the liquid
crystal display device 110 in the first modification example,common electrodes 18 are continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap a plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in an X-axis direction, for example, in a plan view, like in theliquid crystal display 100 according to the first embodiment. Therefore, in the first modification example, thecommon electrodes 18 are provided to respectively overlap a plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 arranged in the X-axis direction, for example, and extend in the X-axis direction in a plan view, like in the first embodiment. - In the first modification example, a plurality of
auxiliary wirings 6 a serving as a plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 are provided to respectively overlap regions provided with each of a plurality ofextension portions 51 in a plan view. The plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 a are respectively electrically connected to the plurality ofcommon electrodes 18, for example. - In the first modification example, each of the plurality of
auxiliary wirings 6 a includes anauxiliary wiring 61 a and a plurality ofauxiliary wirings 62 a. Theauxiliary wiring 6 a, arranged to cross thespacer section 7 a in a plan view, among the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 a will be described below. - The
auxiliary wiring 61 a is arranged within the region provided with any one of the plurality ofextension portions 51, and extends in the X-axis direction in a plan view, like theauxiliary wiring 6 in the first embodiment. Theauxiliary wiring 61 a is provided to project toward the side of theopposite substrate 3 from thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1, like theauxiliary wiring 6 illustrated inFIG. 3 . - On the other hand, the plurality of
auxiliary wirings 62 a are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of a plurality ofextension portions 52, and extend in a Y-axis direction in a plan view. Each of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 62 a is provided to project toward the side of theopposite substrate 3 from thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1, like theauxiliary wirings 6 illustrated inFIG. 3 . The plurality ofauxiliary wirings 62 a are arranged to respectively cross theauxiliary wirings 61 a in crossing regions where any one of theextension portions 51 and the plurality ofextension portions 52 cross each other in a plan view. - On the other hand, in the first modification example, the
spacer section 7 a serving as aspacer section 7 is provided. In the first modification example, thespacer section 7 a has a shape having a length in the X-axis direction, e.g., an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape in a plan view, unlike in the first embodiment. That is, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 a in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD1 of thespacer section 7 a in the Y-axis direction in a plan view. Theauxiliary wiring 61 a is arranged to cross any one of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 62 a in a crossing region CR1 where any one of theextension portions 51 and any one of the plurality ofextension portions 52 cross each other, and extends in the X-axis direction in a plan view. Thespacer section 7 a is arranged to cross any one of theauxiliary wirings 62 a in the crossing region CR1 in a plan view. Therefore, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 a in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD2 of theauxiliary wiring 62 a in the X-axis direction. - The
spacer section 7 a is provided to project toward the side of thearray substrate 1 from thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3, like thespacer section 7 illustrated inFIG. 3 . Thespacer section 7 a is arranged within the region provided with any one of theextension portions 51 in a plan view. - As illustrated in
FIG. 5 , even if thespacer section 7 a shifts in an oblique direction DR1 from its original position, for example, anend 71 of thespacer section 7 a overlaps theauxiliary wiring 62 a in a plan view. Thus, thespacer section 7 a does not come close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in apart arranged within anopening region 53 a in a plan view. Further, even if thespacer section 7 a shifts in an oblique direction DR2 from its original position, for example, anend 72 of thespacer section 7 a overlaps theauxiliary wiring 62 a in a plan view. Thus, thespacer section 7 a does not come close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged within anopening region 53 b in a plan view. - Therefore, even if the
array substrate 1 or theopposite substrate 3 is deflected due to application of a force from the outside, and thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 shift from each other in a transverse direction, a state where theauxiliary wiring 62 a and thespacer section 7 a overlap each other in a plan view is maintained. Thus, thespacer section 7 a is prevented or inhibited from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view, so that an orientedfilm 21 formed on thesurface 1 a can be prevented or inhibited from being damaged. - In the first modification example, the
spacer section 7 a extends in the X-axis direction, unlike in the first embodiment. In the first modification example, thespacer section 7 a is arranged within the region provided with theextension portion 51 having a width larger than the width of theextension portion 52, unlike in the first embodiment. Therefore, a difference between the width of theextension portion 51 and the width WD1 of thespacer section 7 a in the Y-axis direction is larger than that in the first embodiment. Thus, if an accuracy in shape of the width WD1 is not obtained depending on a manufacturing condition such as an exposure method for forming thespacer section 7 a, a light shielding portion for spacer section need not be provided. Therefore, an opening ratio in a display region can be more improved than in the first embodiment (the same is true for each of the modification examples of the first embodiment, and a second embodiment and subsequent embodiments). - A second modification example of the arrangement of the auxiliary wiring and the spacer section in the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment will be described below with reference to
FIG. 6 . -
FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating the second modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment.FIG. 6 illustrates a state where a liquid crystal display is seen through by removing a part, other than alight shielding section 5 and aspacer section 7 b, of anopposite substrate 3 and aliquid crystal layer 4. InFIG. 6 , illustration of a part of anarray substrate 1 is omitted. - In the
liquid crystal display 120 in the second modification example,common electrodes 18 are continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap a plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in a matrix shape in an X-axis direction and a Y-axis direction, for example, in a plan view. Therefore, thecommon electrodes 18 are provided to respectively overlap a plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 arranged in a matrix shape in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, for example, in a plan view. - In the second modification example,
auxiliary wirings 61 b are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of a plurality ofextension portions 51, andauxiliary wirings 6 b serving asauxiliary wirings 6 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of a plurality ofextension portions 52 in a plan view. That is, the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 61 b extend in the X-axis direction, and are arranged apart from one another in the Y-axis direction. The plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 b extend in the Y-axis direction, and are arranged apart from one another in the X-axis direction. The plurality ofauxiliary wirings 61 b and the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 b are electrically connected to thecommon electrodes 18. - Each of the plurality of
auxiliary wirings 61 b is provided to project toward the side of theopposite substrate 3 from asurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1, like theauxiliary wirings 6 illustrated inFIG. 3 . Each of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 b is provided to project toward the side of theopposite substrate 3 from thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1, like theauxiliary wirings 6 illustrated inFIG. 3 . The plurality ofauxiliary wirings 61 b are arranged to respectively cross the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 b in a plurality of crossing regions where the plurality ofextension portions 51 and the plurality ofextension portions 52 cross each other in a plan view. - On the other hand, in the second modification example, the
spacer section 7 b serving as aspacer section 7 is provided. Thespacer section 7 b has a shape having a length in the X-axis direction, e.g., an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape in a plan view, like in the first modification example of the first embodiment. That is, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 b in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD1 of thespacer section 7 b in the Y-axis direction in a plan view. Any one of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 61 b is arranged to cross anyone of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 b in a crossing region CR1 where any one of the plurality ofextension portions 51 and any one of the plurality ofextension portions 52 cross each other, and extends in the X-axis direction in a plan view. Thespacer section 7 b is arranged to cross any one of theauxiliary wirings 6 b in the crossing region CR1. Therefore, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 b in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD2 of theauxiliary wiring 6 b in the X-axis direction. - The
spacer section 7 b is provided to project toward the side of thearray substrate 1 from thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3, like thespacer section 7 illustrated inFIG. 3 . Thespacer section 7 b is arranged within the region provided with any one of theextension portions 51 in a plan view. - As illustrated in
FIG. 6 , even if thespacer section 7 b shifts in an oblique direction DR1 from its original position, for example, anend 71 of thespacer section 7 b overlaps theauxiliary wiring 6 b in a plan view. Thus, thespacer section 7 b does not come close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in apart arranged within anopening region 53 a in a plan view. Further, even if thespacer section 7 b shifts in an oblique direction DR2, for example, anend 72 of thespacer section 7 b overlaps theauxiliary wiring 6 b in a plan view. Thus, thespacer section 7 b does not come close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged within anopening region 53 b in a plan view. - Therefore, even if the
array substrate 1 or theopposite substrate 3 is deflected due to application of a force from the outside, and thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 shift from each other in a transverse direction, a state where theauxiliary wiring 6 b and thespacer section 7 b overlap each other in a plan view is maintained. Thus, thespacer section 7 is prevented or inhibited from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view, so that an orientedfilm 21 formed on thesurface 1 a can be prevented or inhibited from being damaged. - In the second modification example, each of the opening
regions 53, i.e., each of the sub-pixels SPix may be surrounded by theauxiliary wirings 61 b and theauxiliary wirings 6 b over its entire periphery, unlike in the first embodiment and the first modification example of the first embodiment. That is, in the second modification example, a projection may always be formed on thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in a part positioned between the two adjacent sub-pixels SPix. In such a case, when the orientedfilm 21 is formed by a coating method, for example, a coating liquid serving as a raw material for the orientedfilm 21 may be unable to be uniformly applied inside each of the sub-pixels SPix. Alternatively, rubbing processing for the orientedfilm 21 may be unable to be uniformly performed inside each of the sub-pixels SPix. - Therefore, in the second modification example, the
auxiliary wirings 61 b may be provided in every other one or more, of the plurality ofextension portions 51 arranged in the Y-axis direction. Alternatively, in the second modification example, theauxiliary wirings 6 b may be provided in every other one or more, of the plurality ofextension portions 52 arranged in the X-axis direction. - A third modification example of the arrangement of the auxiliary wiring and the spacer section in the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment will be described below with reference to
FIG. 7 . -
FIG. 7 is a plan view illustrating the third modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment.FIG. 7 illustrates a state where aliquid crystal display 130 is seen through by removing a part, other than alight shielding section 5 and aspacer section 7 c, of anopposite substrate 3 and aliquid crystal layer 4. InFIG. 7 , illustration of a part of anarray substrate 1 is omitted. - In the
liquid crystal display 130 in the third modification example,common electrodes 18 are continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap a plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in a Y-axis direction, for example, in a plan view. Therefore, in the third modification example, thecommon electrodes 18 are provided to respectively overlap a plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 arranged in the Y-axis direction, for example, and extend in the Y-axis direction in a plan view, unlike in the first embodiment. - In the third modification example,
auxiliary wirings 6 c serving asauxiliary wirings 6 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of a plurality ofextension portions 52 in a plan view. That is, the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 c extend in the Y-axis direction, and are arranged apart from one another in an X-axis direction. The plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 c are respectively electrically connected to the plurality ofcommon electrodes 18, for example. Each of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 c is provided to project toward the side of theopposite substrate 3 from thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1, like theauxiliary wirings 6 illustrated inFIG. 3 . - In the third modification example, the
spacer section 7 c serving as aspacer section 7 is provided. Thespacer section 7 c has a shape having a length in the X-axis direction, e.g., an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape in a plan view, like in the first modification example of the first embodiment. That is, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 c in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD1 of thespacer section 7 c in the Y-axis direction in a plan view. Thespacer section 7 c is arranged to cross any one of theauxiliary wirings 6 c in a crossing region CR1 where any one of the plurality ofextension portions 51 and any one of the plurality ofextension portions 52 cross each other in a plan view. Therefore, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 c in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD2 of theauxiliary wiring 6 c in the X-axis direction. - The
spacer section 7 c is provided to project toward the side of thearray substrate 1 from thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3, like thespacer section 7 illustrated inFIG. 3 . Thespacer section 7 c is arranged within the region provided with any one of theextension portions 51 in a plan view. - As illustrated in
FIG. 7 , even if thespacer section 7 c shifts in an oblique direction DR1 from its original position, for example, anend 71 of thespacer section 7 c overlaps theauxiliary wiring 6 c in a plan view. Thus, thespacer section 7 c does not come close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in apart arranged within anopening region 53 a in a plan view. Further, even if thespacer section 7 c shifts in an oblique direction DR2, for example, anend 72 of thespacer section 7 c overlaps theauxiliary wiring 6 c in a plan view. Thus, thespacer section 7 c does not come close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged within anopening region 53 b in a plan view. - Therefore, even if the
array substrate 1 or theopposite substrate 3 is deflected due to application of a force from the outside, and thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 shift from each other in a transverse direction, a state where theauxiliary wiring 6 c and thespacer section 7 c overlap each other in a plan view is maintained. Thus, thespacer section 7 c is prevented or inhibited from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view, so that an orientedfilm 21 formed on thesurface 1 a can be prevented or inhibited from being damaged. - An arrangement of the
auxiliary wiring 6 c and thespacer section 7 c in the third modification example is also applicable to a liquid crystal display including a touch panel as an input device, i.e., a liquid crystal display with a touch detection function including a driving electrode and a detection electrode. An example in which the arrangement of theauxiliary wiring 6 c and thespacer section 7 c in the third modification example is applied to a liquid crystal display containing a touch panel, i.e., a liquid crystal display with a touch detection function of an in-cell type will be described below. - First, a principle of touch detection will be described with reference to
FIGS. 8 and 9 .FIG. 8 is explanatory view illustrating a state where a finger has contacted and come close to a touch panel.FIG. 9 is explanatory view illustrating an example of an equivalent circuit of a state where a finger has contacted and come close to the touch panel. - As illustrated in
FIG. 8 , in capacitance-type touch detection, the touch panel serving as an input device includes a driving electrode E1 and a detection electrode E2 oppositely arranged with a dielectric body D sandwiched therebetween. The driving electrode E1 and the detection electrode E2 constitute a capacitive element C1. As illustrated inFIG. 9 , the capacitive element C1 has its end connected to an alternating current (AC) signal source S serving as a driving signal source and its other end connected to a voltage detector DET. An example of the voltage detector DET includes an integration circuit. - When an AC rectangular wave Sg having a frequency of several kilohertz to several hundred kilohertz is applied to the one end of the capacitive element C1, i.e., the driving electrode E1 from the AC signal source S, a detection signal Vdet serving as an output waveform is generated via the voltage detector DET connected to the other end of the capacitive element C1, i.e., the detection electrode E2.
- In a state where the finger has neither contacted nor come close to the touch panel, i.e., in a non-contact state, a current corresponding to a capacitance value of the capacitive element C1 flows as the capacitive element C1 is charged or discharged, as illustrated in
FIG. 9 . The voltage detector DET converts a variation of the current I1 corresponding to the AC rectangular wave Sg into a voltage variation. - On the other hand, in a state where the finger has contacted or come close to the touch panel, i.e., in a contact state, the capacitance value of the capacitive element C1 constituted by the driving electrode E1 and the detection electrode E2 becomes smaller upon being affected by a capacitance C2 formed by the finger. Therefore, the current I1 flowing through the capacitive element C1 illustrated in
FIG. 9 varies. As described above, the voltage detector DET converts the variation of the current I1 corresponding to the AC rectangular wave Sg into the voltage variation. It is determined whether an absolute value of a variation amount of the voltage is larger than a reference value previously determined, for example, to determine whether the finger has contacted or come close to the touch detection device. -
FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating an example of a driving electrode and a detection electrode. If theliquid crystal display 130 in the third modification example is applied to a liquid crystal display with a touch detection function, as illustrated inFIG. 10 , theliquid crystal display 130 includes a plurality of drivingelectrodes 22 and a plurality ofdetection electrodes 23. - The driving
electrode 22 corresponds to the driving electrode E1 illustrated inFIG. 8 , and corresponds to thecommon electrode 18 illustrated inFIG. 7 . Thedetection electrode 23 corresponds to the detection electrode E2 illustrated inFIG. 8 , and is indicated by a two-dot and dash line inFIG. 7 . - As illustrated in
FIG. 10 , each of the plurality ofdetection electrodes 23 extends in a direction crossing a direction in which each of the plurality of drivingelectrodes 22 extends in a plan view. Each of the plurality ofdetection electrodes 23 opposes the drivingelectrode 22 in a direction perpendicular to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. A capacitance is generated in each of a plurality of crossing parts where the plurality of drivingelectrodes 22 and the plurality ofdetection electrodes 23 cross each other. An input position is detected based on the capacitance between each of the plurality of drivingelectrodes 22 and each of the plurality ofdetection electrodes 23. - In the
liquid crystal display 130 in the third modification example, thecommon electrode 18 is also used for both image display and touch detection. Thus, one frame period is divided into a display period and a touch detection period. In the display period, an electric field is formed between thecommon electrode 18 and apixel electrode 20 by application of a voltage to thepixel electrode 20. An orientation of a liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer changes due to the formed electric field. Thus, light transmittance in theliquid crystal layer 4 changes, so that an image is displayed. - On the other hand, in the touch detection period, the AC rectangular wave Sg (see
FIG. 8 ) serving as a touch detection signal is applied to thecommon electrode 18 serving as the drivingelectrode 22, and a capacitance between thecommon electrode 18 serving as the drivingelectrode 22 and thedetection electrode 23 changes, to detect whether the finger has contacted or come close to the touch detection device. More specifically, when a touch detection operation is performed in the touch detection period, for example, a driving electrode driver (not illustrated) sequentially selects one detection block in a scanning direction Scan. In the selected detection block, a driving signal Vcom for measuring a capacitance between the drivingelectrode 22 and thedetection electrode 23 is input to the drivingelectrode 22, and a detection signal Vdet for detecting an input position is output from thedetection electrode 23. - If the
liquid crystal display 130 is applied to the above-described liquid crystal display with a touch detection function in the third modification example, the liquid crystal display with a touch detection function includes the plurality ofcommon electrodes 18 extending in the Y-axis direction and arranged in the X-axis direction. In this case, thecommon electrodes 18 are the drivingelectrodes 22, and a plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 c, extending in the Y-axis direction and arranged apart from one another in the X-axis direction, are respectively electrically connected to the drivingelectrodes 22. - The liquid crystal display with a touch detection function includes a plurality of
detection electrodes 23 extending in the X-axis direction crossing the Y-axis direction serving as a direction in which each of the plurality ofcommon electrodes 18 extends, and arranged apart from one another in the Y-axis direction, as illustrated inFIG. 7 . A slit 23 a is formed between the twoadjacent detection electrodes 23. Thedetection electrode 23 is provided on the opposite side to thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3, i.e., thereverse surface 30 b of the transparent substrate 30 (seeFIG. 3 ), for example. Each of the plurality ofdetection electrodes 23 may be composed of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO. Alternatively, each of the plurality ofdetection electrodes 23 may be composed of an opaque metal such as aluminum (Al) or molybdenum (Mo). - In the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment, the array substrate and the opposite substrate are oppositely arranged via the auxiliary wirings electrically connected to the common electrode and the spacer section. On the other hand, in a liquid crystal display according to a second embodiment, an array substrate and an opposite substrate are oppositely arranged via a detection electrode for detecting an input position and a spacer section. That is, the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment is a liquid crystal display including a touch panel serving as an input device.
- In the second embodiment, an example in which the liquid crystal display including a touch panel serving as an input device is applied to a liquid crystal display containing a touch panel, i.e., a liquid crystal display with a touch detection function of an in-cell type will be described.
- A principle of touch detection in the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment is similar to a principle of touch detection described with reference to
FIGS. 8 and 9 in the third modification example of the first embodiment. - A schematic configuration of a
liquid crystal display 140 according to the second embodiment will be described below with reference toFIGS. 11 to 14 . -
FIGS. 11 and 12 are plan views illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment.FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment.FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment.FIGS. 13 and 14 are cross-sectional views along a line A-A illustrated inFIG. 11 .FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate a state where theliquid crystal display 140 is seen through by removing a part, other than alight shielding section 5 and aspacer section 7 d, of anopposite substrate 3 and aliquid crystal layer 4. InFIGS. 11 and 12 , illustration of a part of anarray substrate 1 is omitted. - As illustrated in
FIGS. 11 to 13 , theliquid crystal display 140 according to the second embodiment includes thearray substrate 1, theopposite substrate 3, and theliquid crystal layer 4, like theliquid crystal display 100 according to the first embodiment. Theliquid crystal display 140 according to the second embodiment includes thelight shielding section 5. Thelight shielding section 5 includes a plurality ofextension portions 51 and a plurality ofextension portions 52, like thelight shielding section 5 in the first embodiment. Theliquid crystal display 140 according to the second embodiment has a plurality of sub-pixels SPix. The plurality of sub-pixels SPix are respectively provided in a plurality of openingregions 53 defined by the plurality ofextension portions 51 and the plurality ofextension portions 52, like the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in the first embodiment. - The
array substrate 1 includes atransparent substrate 10 as a base. Thetransparent substrate 10 in the second embodiment has asurface 10 a and areverse surface 10 b, like thetransparent substrate 10 in the first embodiment. - A plurality of gate wirings 11 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the
surface 10 a of thetransparent substrate 10. The plurality of gate wirings 11 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 51, and extend in an X-axis direction in a plan view.Gate electrodes 11 a extend from thegate wiring 11. - In the second embodiment, a plurality of driving
electrodes 22 are provided on thesurface 10 a of thetransparent substrate 10, unlike in the first embodiment. The plurality of drivingelectrodes 22 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 51, and extend in the X-axis direction in a plan view. Each of the plurality of drivingelectrodes 22 is composed of an opaque metal such as aluminum (A) or molybdenum (Mo). - As illustrated in
FIGS. 11 and 12 , the drivingelectrodes 22 need not be respectively provided within all the regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 51, or may be provided in every other one or more of the regions. That is, the drivingelectrode 22 may be provided within the region provided with any one of the plurality ofextension portions 51. - An insulating
film 12 serving as a gate insulating film is provided, like in the first embodiment, to cover the gate wirings 11 and thegate electrodes 11 a. However, in the second embodiment, the insulatingfilm 12 is provided to cover the drivingelectrodes 22 in addition to the gate wirings 11 and thegate electrodes 11 a. - A plurality of source wirings 13 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the insulating
film 12. The plurality of source wirings 13 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 52, and extend in a Y-axis direction in a plan view.Source electrodes 13 a extend from thesource wiring 13. - A
semiconductor layer 14 is provided, like in the first embodiment, on the insulatingfilm 12 in parts respectively overlapping thegate electrodes 11 a in a plan view. The above-describedsource electrode 13 a contacts a part of thesemiconductor layer 14.Drain electrodes 15 composed of the same material as that for the source wirings 13 and thesource electrodes 13 a are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the insulatingfilm 12. Thedrain electrode 15 is arranged in close to thesource electrode 13 a, and partially contacts thesemiconductor layer 14. - Thus, a plurality of
TFTs 16 are respectively arranged in a plurality of crossing parts where the plurality ofgate wirings 11 and the plurality of source wirings 13 cross each other, like in the first embodiment. Further, aninterlayer resin film 17 is provided to cover the plurality of source wirings 13, the plurality ofTFTs 16, and an exposed part of the insulatingfilm 12, like in the first embodiment. -
Common electrodes 18 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on theinterlayer resin film 17. Thecommon electrodes 18 are continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. Thecommon electrodes 18 may be continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the Y-axis direction, for example, in a plan view, which is not illustrated inFIG. 12 . At this time, thecommon electrodes 18 are provided to respectively overlap a plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 arranged in the Y-axis direction, for example, and extend in the Y-axis direction in a plan view. - A plurality of
detection electrodes 23 are provided on theinterlayer resin film 17. That is, the plurality ofdetection electrodes 23 are provided on the side of thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. Each of the plurality ofdetection electrodes 23 is composed of a metal film. The metal film is composed of an opaque metal such as aluminum (Al) or molybdenum (Mo). - The plurality of
detection electrodes 23 are respectively arranged within the regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 52, and extend in the Y-axis direction in a plan view. Each of the plurality ofdetection electrodes 23 is provided to project toward the side of theopposite substrate 3 from thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. Thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 means a surface of an orientedfilm 21 provided on the side of thesurface 10 a of thetransparent substrate 10 in a part not provided withauxiliary wirings 6 d. - The
detection electrodes 23 need not be respectively provided within all the regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 52, or may be provided in every other one or more of the regions, as illustrated inFIGS. 11 and 12 . That is, thedetection electrode 23 may be provided within the region provided with any one of the plurality ofextension portions 52 in a plan view. - In an example illustrated in
FIG. 13 , thecommon electrode 18 is provided on thedetection electrode 23. Therefore, thedetection electrode 23 is electrically connected to thecommon electrode 18. Thedetection electrode 23 has a lower electric resistivity than the electric resistivity of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO included in thecommon electrode 18. Therefore, thedetection electrode 23 is electrically connected to thecommon electrode 18, so that the electric resistance of thecommon electrode 18 can be reduced. Thus, the performance of the liquid crystal display can be improved, such as that a time constant can be shortened. - An inter-electrode insulating
film 19 is provided, like in the first embodiment, to cover thecommon electrode 18. - The plurality of
pixel electrodes 20 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the inter-electrode insulatingfilm 19. Each of the plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 is composed of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO. Each of the plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 is provided on the side of thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 inside each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. Therefore, thecommon electrodes 18 are provided to respectively overlap the plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 arranged in the X-axis direction, for example, in a plan view. Thecommon electrode 18 and thepixel electrode 20 oppose each other via the inter-electrode insulatingfilm 19 inside each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix. - The inter-electrode
insulating film 19 is provided to cover thedetection electrodes 23 via thecommon electrodes 18 within the region provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 52 in a plan view. - Although the
pixel electrode 20 is provided above thecommon electrode 18 in the example illustrated inFIG. 13 , thecommon electrode 18 may be provided above thepixel electrode 20. Such an example is illustrated inFIG. 14 . In the example illustrated inFIG. 14 , an opening 18 a is formed in thecommon electrode 18. Further, in the example illustrated inFIG. 14 , thedetection electrode 23 is provided on thecommon electrode 18. That is, thecommon electrode 18 may be provided under thedetection electrode 23. - An oriented
film 21 is provided, like in the first embodiment, to cover thepixel electrodes 20 and an exposed part of an inter-electrodeinsulating film 19. - On the other hand, an
opposite substrate 3 can be made similar to theopposite substrate 3 in the first embodiment, for example. That is, theopposite substrate 3 includes atransparent substrate 30 as a base. Thetransparent substrate 30 has asurface 30 a and areverse surface 30 b. Thelight shielding section 5 and acolor filter layer 32 are provided on thesurface 30 a of thetransparent substrate 30. Anovercoat layer 33 is provided to cover thelight shielding section 5 and thecolor filter layer 32. Aspacer section 7 d serving as aspacer section 7 is provided on theovercoat layer 33. An orientedfilm 35 is provided to cover thespacer section 7 d and theovercoat layer 33. - The
array substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 are arranged to oppose each other, i.e., oppositely arranged via thedetection electrodes 23 and thespacer section 7 d. An area between thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 oppositely arranged is filled with aliquid crystal layer 4, like in the first embodiment. - By the above-described configuration, in the respective sub-pixels SPix, when the
TFTs 16 are turned on, a voltage is applied to each of the plurality ofpixel electrodes 20, so that an electric field is formed between thecommon electrode 18 and thepixel electrodes 20, and an orientation of a liquid crystal in theliquid crystal layer 4 changes due to the formed electric field, like in the first embodiment. Thus, light transmittance in theliquid crystal layer 4 changes, so that an image is displayed. - On the other hand, the
liquid crystal display 140 according to the second embodiment includes the plurality of drivingelectrodes 22 and the plurality ofdetection electrodes 23, like in the third modification example of the first embodiment illustrated inFIG. 10 . Each of the plurality ofdetection electrodes 23 extends in a direction crossing a direction in which each of the plurality of drivingelectrodes 22 extends in a plan view. Each of the plurality ofdetection electrodes 23 opposes the drivingelectrode 22 in a direction perpendicular to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. A capacitance is generated in each of a plurality of crossing parts where the plurality of drivingelectrodes 22 and the plurality ofdetection electrodes 23 cross each other. An input position is detected based on the capacitance between each of the plurality of drivingelectrodes 22 and each of the plurality ofdetection electrodes 23. - In the second embodiment,
auxiliary wirings 6 d serving asauxiliary wirings 6 may be respectively arranged within the regions provided with each of a plurality ofextension portions 51 in a plan view, as illustrated inFIG. 12 . The plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 d are respectively electrically connected to the plurality ofcommon electrodes 18, for example. Theauxiliary wiring 6 d has a lower electric resistivity than the electric resistivity of the transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO included in thecommon electrode 18. Therefore, theauxiliary wiring 6 d is electrically connected to thecommon electrode 18, so that the electric resistance of thecommon electrode 18 can be reduced. Thus, the performance of the liquid crystal display can be improved, such as that a time constant can be shortened. - In such a case, the
auxiliary wiring 6 d is preferably composed of a conductive film formed in the same layer as a conductive film included in thedetection electrode 23. Thus, theauxiliary wiring 6 d can be formed in the same process as a process for forming thedetection electrode 23. Therefore, the number of manufacturing processes for theliquid crystal display 140 can be reduced. - Alternatively, the driving
electrode 22 is not provided separately from thegate wiring 11, and only thegate wiring 11 is provided. Thus, thegate wiring 11 can also serve as the drivingelectrode 22 by switching a circuit to which thegate wiring 11 is connected between a circuit for display and a circuit for detection. At this time, an input position is detected based on a capacitance between thegate wiring 11 and thedetection electrode 23. - An arrangement of the detection electrode and the spacer section in the liquid crystal display according to the second embodiment and its effect will be described below with reference to
FIGS. 11 to 13 . - As described above, the
detection electrode 23 is arranged within the region provided with any one of the plurality ofextension portions 52, and extends in the Y-axis direction in a plan view. Thedetection electrode 23 is electrically connected to thecommon electrode 18. Further, thedetection electrode 23 is provided to project toward the side of theopposite substrate 3 from thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. - On the other hand, the
spacer section 7 d has a shape having a length in the X-axis direction, e.g., an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape in a plan view. That is, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 d in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD1 of thespacer section 7 d in the Y-axis direction in a plan view. Thespacer section 7 d is arranged to cross thedetection electrode 23 in a crossing region CR1 where any one of theextension portions 52 and any one of the plurality ofextension portions 51 cross each other in a plan view. Therefore, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 d in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD2 of thedetection electrode 23 in the X-axis direction. - In the second embodiment, the
spacer section 7 d is also provided to project toward the side of thearray substrate 1 from asurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3, like in the first embodiment. Thespacer section 7 d is arranged within the region provided with any one of theextension portions 51 in a plan view. - As illustrated in
FIG. 12 , even if thespacer section 7 d shifts in an oblique direction DR1 from its original position, for example, anend 71 of thespacer section 7 d overlaps thedetection electrode 23 in a plan view. Thus, thespacer section 7 d does not come close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged within anopening region 53 a. Further, even if thespacer section 7 d shifts in an oblique direction DR2 from its original position, for example, anend 72 of thespacer section 7 d overlaps thedetection electrode 23 in a plan view. Thus, thespacer section 7 d does not come close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged within anopening region 53 b in a plan view. - Therefore, even if the
array substrate 1 or theopposite substrate 3 is deflected due to application of a force from the outside, and thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 shift from each other in a transverse direction, a state where thedetection electrode 23 and thespacer section 7 d overlap each other in a plan view is maintained. Thus, thespacer section 7 d is prevented or inhibited from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view, so that the orientedfilm 21 formed on thesurface 1 a can be prevented or inhibited from being damaged. - In the second embodiment, a process for providing a projection on the
surface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 need not be individually performed, like in the first embodiment. Thus, the number of processes for manufacturing the liquid crystal display can be more reduced than in the technique discussed inPatent Literature 1. Further, thedetection electrode 23 is composed of a metal film. Thus, a spacing between thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 and thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3 can be more accurately maintained than when the projection provided on a surface of an array substrate is composed of an organic film in the technique discussed inPatent Literature 1, like in the first embodiment. - In the second embodiment, the
detection electrode 23 and thespacer section 7 d are used to prevent thespacer section 7 d from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix, even when thespacer section 7 d moves in the transverse direction, like in the first embodiment. Thus, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 d in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD1 of thespacer section 7 d in the Y-axis direction. Therefore, an effect of preventing or inhibiting thespacer section 7 d from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix can be more increased than in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 2. - In the liquid crystal display according to the first embodiment, the insulating film serving as the gate insulating film is provided within the region provided with the sub-pixel. On the other hand, in a liquid crystal display according to a third embodiment, an opening is formed in an insulating film in a part overlapping a sub-pixel in a plan view, and a recess is formed on an upper surface of an interlayer resin film in the part overlapping the sub-pixel.
- A schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment will be described below with reference to
FIGS. 15 to 18 . -
FIGS. 15 and 16 are plan views illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment.FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment.FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment.FIGS. 17 and 18 are cross-sectional views along a line A-A illustrated inFIG. 15 .FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate a state where theliquid crystal display 150 is seen through by removing a part, other than alight shielding section 5 and aspacer section 7 a, of anopposite substrate 3 and aliquid crystal layer 4. InFIGS. 15 and 16 , illustration of a part of thearray substrate 1 is omitted. - As illustrated in
FIGS. 15 to 17 , theliquid crystal display 150 according to the third embodiment includes thearray substrate 1, theopposite substrate 3, and theliquid crystal layer 4, like theliquid crystal display 100 according to the first embodiment. Theliquid crystal display 150 according to the third embodiment includes thelight shielding section 5. Thelight shielding section 5 includes a plurality ofextension portions 51 and a plurality ofextension portions 52, like thelight shielding section 5 in the first embodiment. Theliquid crystal display 150 according to the third embodiment has a plurality of sub-pixels SPix. The plurality of sub-pixels SPix are respectively provided in a plurality of openingregions 53 defined by the plurality ofextension portions 51 and the plurality ofextension portions 52, like the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in the first embodiment. - The
array substrate 1 includes atransparent substrate 10 as a base. Thetransparent substrate 10 in the third embodiment has asurface 10 a and areverse surface 10 b, like thetransparent substrate 10 in the first embodiment. - A plurality of gate wirings 11 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the
surface 10 a of thetransparent substrate 10. The plurality of gate wirings 11 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 51, and extend in an X-axis direction in a plan view.Gate electrodes 11 a extend from thegate wiring 11. An insulatingfilm 12 serving as a gate insulating film is provided, like in the first embodiment, to cover the gate wirings 11 and thegate electrodes 11 a. - A plurality of source wirings 13 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the insulating
films 12. The plurality of source wirings 13 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 52, and extend in a Y-axis direction in a plan view.Source electrodes 13 a extend from thesource wiring 13. - A
semiconductor layer 14 is provided, like in the first embodiment, on the insulatingfilm 12 in apart overlapping thegate electrode 11 a in a plan view. The source electrode 13 a contacts a part of thesemiconductor layer 14.Drain electrodes 15 composed of the same material as that for the source wirings 13 and thesource electrodes 13 a are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the insulatingfilm 12. Thedrain electrode 15 is arranged in close to thesource electrode 13 a, and partially contacts thesemiconductor layer 14. Thus, the plurality ofTFTs 16 are respectively arranged in a plurality of crossing parts where the plurality ofgate wirings 11 and the plurality of source wirings 13 cross each other, like in the first embodiment. - In the third embodiment, a plurality of
openings 12 a are respectively provided in the insulatingfilm 12 in parts overlapping the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. The plurality ofopenings 12 a respectively penetrate the insulatingfilm 12 in the parts overlapping the plurality of sub-pixels SPix to reach thesurface 10 a of thetransparent substrate 10 in a plan view. The thickness of the insulatingfilm 12 can be approximately 1 μm, for example. In this case, the depth of the opening 12 a can be approximately 1 μm, for example. - Further, an
interlayer resin film 17 is provided to be embedded in each of the plurality ofopenings 12 a, and to cover the plurality of source wirings 13, the plurality ofTFTs 16, and an exposed part of the insulatingfilm 12. Theinterlayer resin film 17 is a flattening film, and is embedded in each of the plurality ofopenings 12 a to cover the plurality of source wirings 13, the plurality ofTFTs 16, and the exposed part of the insulatingfilm 12 while flattening an uneven surface including respective upper surfaces of the plurality of source wirings 13, the plurality ofTFTs 16, and the insulatingfilm 12. Theinterlayer resin film 17 is composed of a transparent resin material such as a photoresist. - On the other hand, in the third embodiment, the uneven surface of the insulating
film 12 by theopenings 12 a is not completely flattened by theinterlayer resin film 17. Therefore, recesses 17 a are respectively formed on an upper surface of theinterlayer resin film 17 in the parts overlapping each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix. - As described above, the depth of the opening 12 a can be approximately 1 μm, for example. In this case, the depth of the
recess 17 a can be approximately 0.2 to 0.3 μm, for example. -
Common electrodes 18 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on theinterlayer resin film 17. Thecommon electrodes 18 are continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. Thecommon electrodes 18 may be continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in the Y-axis direction, for example, in a plan view, as illustrated inFIG. 7 , which is not illustrated inFIG. 16 . At this time, thecommon electrodes 18 are provided to respectively overlap a plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 arranged in the Y-axis direction, for example, and extend in the Y-axis direction in a plan view. Thecommon electrode 18 is provided at the bottom of therecess 17 a inside each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix. - A plurality of
auxiliary wirings 6 e serving as a plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 are provided on theinterlayer resin film 17. Each of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 e is composed of a metal film. The metal film is composed of an opaque metal such as aluminum (Al) or molybdenum (Mo). - The plurality of
auxiliary wirings 6 e are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 52, and extend in the Y-axis direction in a plan view. Each of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 e is provided to project toward the side of theopposite substrate 3 from thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. - As illustrated in
FIGS. 15 and 16 , theauxiliary wirings 6 e need not be respectively provided within all the regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 51, or may be provided in every other one or more of the regions. That is, theauxiliary wiring 6 e may be provided within the region provided with any one of the plurality ofextension portions 52. - As illustrated in
FIG. 17 , each of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 e is provided on thecommon electrode 18 in a part overlapping any one of the plurality ofextension portions 52 in a plan view. Therefore, each of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 e is electrically connected to thecommon electrode 18, for example. Theauxiliary wiring 6 e has a lower electric resistivity than the electric resistivity of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO included in thecommon electrode 18. Therefore, theauxiliary wiring 6 e is electrically connected to thecommon electrode 18, so that the electric resistance of thecommon electrode 18 can be reduced. Thus, the performance of the liquid crystal display can be improved, such as that a time constant can be shortened. - An inter-electrode insulating
film 19 is provided, like in the first embodiment, to cover thecommon electrode 18. - The plurality of
pixel electrodes 20 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the inter-electrode insulatingfilm 19. Each of the plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 is provided on the side of thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 inside each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. Therefore, thecommon electrodes 18 are provided to respectively overlap the plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 arranged in the X-axis direction, for example, in a plan view. Thecommon electrode 18 is provided at the bottom of therecess 17 a inside each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix, and thecommon electrode 18 and thepixel electrode 20 oppose each other via the inter-electrode insulatingfilm 19 inside each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix. - The inter-electrode
insulating film 19 is provided to cover theauxiliary wiring 6 e provided on thecommon electrode 18 within the region provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 52 in a plan view. - Although the
pixel electrode 20 is provided above thecommon electrode 18 in the example illustrated inFIG. 17 , thecommon electrode 18 may be provided above thepixel electrode 20. Such an example is illustrated inFIG. 18 . In the example illustrated inFIG. 18 , the opening 18 a is formed in thecommon electrode 18. Further, in the example illustrated inFIG. 18 , thecommon electrode 18 is provided on theauxiliary wiring 6 e. That is, theauxiliary wiring 6 e may be provided under thecommon electrode 18. - An oriented
film 21 is provided, like in the first embodiment, to cover thepixel electrodes 20 and an exposed part of the inter-electrode insulatingfilm 19. - The oriented
film 21 is provided to cover the inter-electrode insulatingfilm 19 and thepixel electrode 20 at the bottom of arecess 17 a inside each of the plurality of sub-pixels SPix.Recesses 1 c are respectively formed in parts overlapping each of the plurality ofopenings 12 a, in a plan view, the parts on thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 defined as an upper surface of the orientedfilm 21. - On the other hand, the
opposite substrate 3 can be made similar to theopposite substrate 3 in the first embodiment, for example. That is, theopposite substrate 3 includes atransparent substrate 30 as a base. Thetransparent substrate 30 has asurface 30 a and areverse surface 30 b. Thelight shielding section 5 and acolor filter layer 32 are provided on thesurface 30 a of thetransparent substrate 30. Anovercoat layer 33 is provided to cover thelight shielding section 5 and thecolor filter layer 32. Aspacer section 7 e serving as aspacer section 7 is provided on theovercoat layer 33. An orientedfilm 35 is provided to cover thespacer section 7 d and theovercoat layer 33. - The
array substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 are arranged to oppose each other, i.e., oppositely arranged via theauxiliary wirings 6 e and thespacer section 7 e. An area between thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 oppositely arranged is filled with aliquid crystal layer 4, like in the first embodiment. - By the above-described configuration, in the respective sub-pixels SPix, when the
TFTs 16 are turned on, a voltage is applied to each of the plurality ofpixel electrodes 20, so that an electric field is formed between thecommon electrode 18 and thepixel electrode 20, and an orientation of a liquid crystal in theliquid crystal layer 4 changes due to the formed electric field, like in the first embodiment. Thus, light transmittance in theliquid crystal layer 4 changes, so that an image is displayed. - An arrangement of the auxiliary wiring and the spacer section in the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment and its effect will be described below with reference to
FIGS. 15 to 17 . - As described above, the plurality of
auxiliary wirings 6 e are respectively arranged within the regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 52, and extend in the Y-axis direction in a plan view. Each of theauxiliary wirings 6 is electrically connected to thecommon electrode 18. Each of The plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 e is provided to project toward the side of theopposite substrate 3 from thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. - On the other hand, the
spacer section 7 e has a shape having a length in the X-axis direction, e.g., an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape in a plan view. That is, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 e in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD1 of thespacer section 7 e in the Y-axis direction in a plan view. Thespacer section 7 e is arranged to cross any one of theauxiliary wirings 6 e in a crossing region CR1 where any one of theextension portions 52 and any one of the plurality ofextension portions 51 cross each other in a plan view. Therefore, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 e in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD2 of theauxiliary wiring 6 e in the X-axis direction. - In the third embodiment, the
spacer section 7 e is also provided to project toward the side of thearray substrate 1 from asurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3, like in the first embodiment. Thespacer section 7 e is arranged within the region provided with any one of theextension portions 51 in a plan view. - If the
auxiliary wirings 6 e are not provided, thearray substrate 1 or theopposite substrate 3 is deflected by application of a force from the outside during processes for manufacturing the liquid crystal display or during use of the liquid crystal display, for example, so that thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 may shift from each other in a transverse direction. In such a case, thespacer section 7 e comes close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. Thus, the orientedfilm 21 formed on thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view may be damaged. As a result, light may leak from a damaged part of the orientedfilm 21. - On the other hand, in the third embodiment, the
auxiliary wirings 6 e are provided, as illustrated inFIG. 16 . Even if thespacer section 7 e shifts in an oblique direction DR1 from its original position, for example, anend 71 of thespacer section 7 e overlaps theauxiliary wiring 6 e in a plan view. Thus, thespacer section 7 e does not come close to the side of thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged within anopening region 53 a in a plan view. Further, even if thespacer section 7 e shifts in an oblique direction DR2 from its original position, for example, anend 72 of thespacer section 7 e overlaps theauxiliary wiring 6 e in a plan view. Thus, thespacer 7 e does not come close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged within anopening region 53 b in a plan view. - Therefore, even if the
array substrate 1 or theopposite substrate 3 is deflected by application of a force from the outside, and thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 shift from each other in the transverse direction, a state where theauxiliary wiring 6 e and thespacer section 7 e overlap each other in a plan view is maintained. Thus, thespacer section 7 e is prevented or inhibited from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. As a result, the orientedfilm 21 formed on thesurface 1 a can be prevented or inhibited from being damaged. - Further, in the third embodiment, recesses 1 c are respectively formed in parts overlapping each of the plurality of
openings 12 a, in a plan view, the parts on thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1, unlike in the first embodiment. Even if thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 shift from each other in the transverse direction, thespacer section 7 e can be more reliably prevented or inhibited from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. - In the third embodiment, a process for providing a projection on the
surface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 need not be individually performed, like in the first embodiment. Thus, the number of processes for manufacturing the liquid crystal display can be more reduced than in the technique discussed inPatent Literature 1. Further, theauxiliary wiring 6 e is composed of a metal film. Thus, a spacing between thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 and thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3 can be more accurately maintained than when a projection provided on a surface of an array substrate is composed of an organic film in the technique discussed inPatent Literature 1, like in the first embodiment. - In the third embodiment, the
auxiliary wiring 6 e and thespacer section 7 e are used to prevent thespacer section 7 e from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix, even when thespacer section 7 e moves in the transverse direction, like in the first embodiment. Thus, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 e in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD1 of thespacer section 7 e in the Y-axis direction. Therefore, an effect of preventing or inhibiting thespacer section 7 e from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix can be more increased than in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 2. - In the third embodiment, the opening 12 a is formed in the insulating
film 12 serving as a gate insulating film inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view, unlike in the first embodiment. Thus, in each of the sub-pixels SPix, interference of light having a specific wavelength between two adjacent layers in a multilayer film can prevent or inhibit transmitted light or reflected light from being colored, or light transmitting through the multilayer film can prevent or inhibit light transmittance from decreasing. - The third embodiment and the second embodiment can be combined with each other, although it is not illustrated. That is, in the liquid crystal display including a touch panel serving as an input device, which is described with reference to
FIGS. 11 to 13 in the second embodiment, theopenings 12 a (seeFIG. 17 ) may be respectively formed in the insulatingfilm 12 in parts overlapping the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. Thus, a similar effect to that in the third embodiment is obtained. - A first modification example of the arrangement of the auxiliary wiring and the spacer section in the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment will be described below with reference to
FIGS. 19 to 21 . -
FIGS. 19 and 20 are plan views illustrating the first modification example of theliquid crystal display 150 according to the third embodiment.FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the first modification example of the liquid crystal display according to the third embodiment.FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view along a line A-A illustrated inFIG. 19 .FIGS. 19 and 20 illustrate a state where aliquid crystal display 160 in the first modification example is seen through by removing a part, other than alight shielding section 5 and aspacer section 7 e, of anopposite substrate 3 and aliquid crystal layer 4. InFIGS. 19 and 20 , illustration of a part of anarray substrate 1 is omitted. - In the
liquid crystal display 160 in the first modification example,openings 12 a are respectively formed in an insulatingfilm 12 in parts overlapping a plurality of sub-pixels SPix, like in theliquid crystal display 150 according to the third embodiment. Therefore, recesses 17 a are respectively formed on an upper surface of aninterlayer resin film 17 in parts overlapping each of the plurality ofopenings 12 a. - On the other hand, in the first modification example, a plurality of
projections 17 b are provided instead of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 e, unlike in the third embodiment. The plurality ofprojections 17 b are respectively provided on theinterlayer resin film 17 within regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 52 in a plan view. Therefore, the plurality ofprojections 17 b extend in a Y-axis direction and are arranged apart from one another in an X-axis direction. Each of the plurality ofprojections 17 b is provided to project toward the side of theopposite substrate 3 from thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. - The plurality of
projections 17 b can be formed by forming theinterlayer resin film 17 composed of a photoresist, for example, to cover a plurality of source wirings 13, a plurality ofTFTs 16, and an exposed part of the insulatingfilm 12, and then half-etching theinterlayer resin film 17 in a region other than the regions respectively provided with the plurality ofextension portions 52. More specifically, by half-exposing and then developing theinterlayer resin film 17 in the region other than the regions respectively provided with the plurality ofextension portions 52, the plurality ofprojections 17 b composed of theinterlayer resin film 17 can be formed. - Alternatively, by forming the
interlayer resin film 17 composed of a photoresist, for example, and then forming a resin film composed of acrylic resin, for example, on theinterlayer resin film 17 within the regions respectively provided with the plurality ofextension portions 52, the plurality ofprojections 17 b composed of the resin film can be formed. - In the first modification example, the
spacer section 7 e serving as aspacer section 7 has a shape having a length in the X-axis direction, e.g., an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape in a plan view, like in the third embodiment. That is, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 e in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD1 of thespacer section 7 e in the Y-axis direction in a plan view. Thespacer section 7 e is arranged to cross any one of the plurality ofprojections 17 b in a crossing region CR1 where any one of the plurality ofextension portions 52 and any one of a plurality ofextension portions 51 cross each other in a plan view. Therefore, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 e in the X-axis direction is larger than the width WD2 of theprojection 17 b in the X-axis direction. - In the first modification example, the
spacer section 7 e is also provided to project toward the side of thearray substrate 1 from asurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3, like in the third embodiment. Thespacer section 7 e is arranged within a region provided with any one of theextension portions 51 in a plan view. - If the
projections 17 b are not provided, thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 may shift from each other in a transverse direction, like when theauxiliary wirings 6 e are not provided in the third embodiment. In such a case, thespacer section 7 e comes close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. Thus, the orientedfilm 21 formed on thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view may be damaged. - On the other hand, in the first modification example, the
projections 17 b are provided, as illustrated inFIG. 20 . Even if thespacer section 7 e shifts in an oblique direction DR1 from its original position, for example, anend 71 of thespacer section 7 e overlaps theprojection 17 b in a plan view. Thus, thespacer section 7 e does not come close to the side of thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged within anopening region 53 a in a plan view. Further, even if thespacer section 7 e shifts in an oblique direction DR2 from its original position, for example, anend 72 of thespacer section 7 e overlaps theprojection 17 b in a plan view. Thus, thespacer 7 e does not come close to the side of thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged within anopening region 53 b in a plan view. - Therefore, even if the
array substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 shift from each other in the transverse direction, a state where theprojection 17 b and thespacer section 7 e overlap each other in a plan view is maintained. Thus, thespacer section 7 e is prevented or inhibited from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. As a result, the orientedfilm 21 formed on thesurface 1 a can be prevented or inhibited from being damaged. - Further, in the first modification example, recesses 1 c are respectively formed in parts overlapping each of the plurality of
openings 12 a, in a plan view, the parts on thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1, like in the third embodiment. Even if thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 shift from each other in the transverse direction, thespacer section 7 e can be more reliably prevented or inhibited from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. - In the first modification example, to form a projection on the surface of the array substrate, the interlayer resin film formed to cover the source wirings is half-etched, leaving a part to be the projection, by half-exposing and then developing the interlayer resin film, like in the technique discussed in
Patent Literature 1. Alternatively, in the first modification example, to form the projection on the surface of the array substrate, a film other than the interlayer resin film is formed as the projection on the interlayer resin film formed to cover the source wirings. Therefore, an effect of reducing the number of processes for manufacturing the liquid crystal display becomes smaller than in the third embodiment. - However, the
recesses 1 c formed on thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the first modification example are not discussed inPatent Literature 1. Even if thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 shift from each other in the transverse direction, an effect of preventing or inhibiting thespacer section 7 e from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view becomes larger than in the technique discussed inPatent Literature 1. - In the first modification example, the
projection 17 b and thespacer section 7 e are used to prevent thespacer section 7 e from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix, even when thespacer section 7 e moves in the transverse direction. Thus, the length LN1 of thespacer section 7 e in the Y-axis direction is larger than the width WD1 of thespacer section 7 e in the Y-axis direction. Therefore, an effect of preventing or inhibiting thespacer section 7 e from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix can be more increased than in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 2. - In the first modification example, the opening 12 a is formed in the insulating
film 12 serving as a gate insulating film inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view, like in the third embodiment. Thus, in each of the sub-pixels SPix, interference of light having a specific wavelength between two adjacent layers in a multilayer film can prevent or inhibit transmitted light or reflected light from being colored, or light transmitting through the multilayer film can prevent or inhibit light transmittance from decreasing. - In the first embodiment, an example in which the liquid crystal display in which the array substrate and the opposite substrate are oppositely arranged via the auxiliary wirings and the spacer section is applied to the FFS-mode liquid crystal display serving as a transverse electric field system has been described. On the other hand, in a fourth embodiment, an example in which a liquid crystal display in which an array substrate and an opposite substrate are oppositely arranged via auxiliary wirings and a spacer section is applied to an In-Plane Switching (IPS)-mode liquid crystal display serving as a transverse electric field system will be described. As described above, the transverse electric field system is a system in which a pair of electrodes is provided, while being insulated from each other, on the side of a liquid crystal layer of either one of an array substrate and an opposite substrate and an electric field to form a substantially transverse direction in the liquid crystal layer. An IPS mode is another transverse electric field system in which the pair of electrodes is arranged not to overlap each other in a plan view.
- A schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display according to the fourth embodiment will be described below with reference to
FIGS. 22 to 24 . -
FIGS. 22 and 23 are plan views illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the fourth embodiment.FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display according to the fourth embodiment.FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view along a line A-A illustrated inFIGS. 22 and 23 .FIGS. 22 and 23 illustrate a state where the liquid crystal display is seen through by removing a part, other than alight shielding section 5 and aspacer section 7 f, of anopposite substrate 3 and aliquid crystal layer 4. InFIGS. 22 and 23 , illustration of a part of anarray substrate 1 is omitted. - As illustrated in
FIGS. 22 to 24 , theliquid crystal display 170 according to the fourth embodiment includes thearray substrate 1, theopposite substrate 3, and theliquid crystal layer 4, like theliquid crystal display 100 according to the first embodiment. Theliquid crystal display 170 according to the fourth embodiment includes thelight shielding section 5. Thelight shielding section 5 includes a plurality ofextension portions 51 and a plurality ofextension portions 52, like thelight shielding section 5 in the first embodiment. Theliquid crystal display 170 according to the fourth embodiment has a plurality of sub-pixels SPix. The plurality of sub-pixels SPix are respectively provided in a plurality of openingregions 53 defined by the plurality ofextension portions 51 and the plurality ofextension portions 52, like the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in the first embodiment. - The
array substrate 1 includes atransparent substrate 10 as a base. Thetransparent substrate 10 in the fourth embodiment has asurface 10 a and areverse surface 10 b, like thetransparent substrate 10 in the first embodiment. - A plurality of gate wirings 11 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the
surface 10 a of thetransparent substrate 10. The plurality of gate wirings 11 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 51, and extend in an X-axis direction in a plan view.Gate electrodes 11 a extend from thegate wiring 11. - In the fourth embodiment, a plurality of
auxiliary capacitance lines 24 are provided on thesurface 10 a of thetransparent substrate 10, unlike in the first embodiment. The plurality ofauxiliary capacitance lines 24 are respectively arranged within the regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 51, and extend in the X-axis direction in a plan view. Each of theauxiliary capacitance lines 24 is composed of an opaque metal such as aluminum (Al) or molybdenum (Mo). The plurality ofauxiliary capacitance lines 24 are wiring layers, which are electrically connected to capacitors connected to each ofpixel electrodes 20 in the plurality of sub-pixels SPix. - An insulating
film 12 serving as a gate insulating film is provided, like in the first embodiment, to cover the gate wirings 11 and thegate electrodes 11 a. However, in the fourth embodiment, the insulatingfilm 12 is provided to cover theauxiliary capacitance lines 24 in addition to the gate wirings 11 and thegate electrodes 11 a. - A plurality of source wirings 13 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the insulating
film 12. The plurality of source wirings 13 are respectively arranged within regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 52, and extend in a Y-axis direction in a plan view.Source electrodes 13 a extend from thesource wiring 13. - A
semiconductor layer 14 is provided, like in the first embodiment, on the insulatingfilm 12 in parts respectively overlapping thegate electrodes 11 a in a plan view. The above-describedsource electrode 13 a contacts a part of thesemiconductor layer 14.Drain electrodes 15 composed of the same material as that for the source wirings 13 and thesource electrodes 13 a are provided, like in the first embodiment, on the insulatingfilm 12. Thedrain electrode 15 is arranged in close to thesource electrode 13 a, and partially contacts thesemiconductor layer 14. Thus, a plurality ofTFTs 16 are respectively arranged in a plurality of crossing parts where the plurality ofgate wirings 11 and the plurality of source wirings 13 cross each other, like in the first embodiment. - Further, an
interlayer resin film 17 is provided to cover the plurality of source wirings 13, the plurality ofTFTs 16, and an exposed part of the insulatingfilm 12. Theinterlayer resin film 17 is a flattening film, and is embedded in each of a plurality ofopenings 12 a to cover the plurality of source wirings 13, the plurality ofTFTs 16, and the exposed part of the insulatingfilm 12 while flattening an uneven surface including respective upper surfaces of the plurality of source wirings 13, the plurality ofTFTs 16, and the insulatingfilm 12. Theinterlayer resin film 17 is composed of a transparent resin material such as a photoresist. -
Common electrodes 18 are provided, like in the first embodiment, on theinterlayer resin film 17. Thecommon electrodes 18 are continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap the plurality of sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. In an example illustrated inFIG. 23 , thecommon electrodes 18 are continuously and integrally provided to respectively overlap the plurality of sub-pixels SPix arranged in a matrix shape in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction in a plan view. In a region provided with each of the sub-pixels SPix, anopening 18 b, which penetrates thecommon electrode 18 to reach theinterlayer resin film 17, is formed in thecommon electrode 18. Therefore, thecommon electrode 18 has a lattice shape in a plan view. - A plurality of
auxiliary wirings 6 f serving as a plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 are provided on theinterlayer resin film 17. A plurality ofauxiliary wirings 61 f are provided on theinterlayer resin film 17. Each of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 f and each of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 61 f are composed of a metal film. The metal film is composed of an opaque metal such as aluminum (Al) or molybdenum (Mo). - The
auxiliary wirings 6 f are respectively arranged within the regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 52 in a plan view. Theauxiliary wirings 61 f are respectively arranged within the regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 51 in a plan view. Therefore, the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 f and the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 61 f have a lattice shape as a whole in a plan view. - The
auxiliary wirings 6 f need not be respectively provided within all the regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 52, or may be provided in every other one or more of the regions. Theauxiliary wirings 61 f need not be respectively provided within all the regions provided with each of the plurality ofextension portions 51, or may be provided in every other one or more of the regions. - As illustrated in
FIG. 24 , thecommon electrode 18 is provided on each of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 f. Thecommon electrode 18 is provided on each of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 61 f, which is not illustrated inFIG. 24 . Therefore, the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 f and the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 61 f are electrically connected to thecommon electrodes 18. Each of theauxiliary wiring 6 f and theauxiliary wiring 61 f has a lower electric resistivity than the electric resistivity of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO included in thecommon electrode 18. Therefore, theauxiliary wiring 6 f and theauxiliary wiring 61 f are electrically connected to thecommon electrode 18, so that the electric resistance of thecommon electrode 18 can be reduced. Thus, the performance of the liquid crystal display can be improved, such as that a time constant can be shortened. - While the
common electrode 18 is provided on each of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 f in the example illustrated inFIG. 24 , each of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 6 f may be provided on thecommon electrode 18. Similarly, each of the plurality ofauxiliary wirings 61 f may be provided on thecommon electrode 18. - The plurality of
pixel electrodes 20 are provided on theinterlayer resin film 17. Each of the plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 is composed of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO. The plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 are respectively provided apart from thecommon electrodes 18 on theinterlayer resin film 17 within regions in which theopenings 18 b of thecommon electrodes 18 are formed in a plan view. Therefore, the plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 are respectively arranged at positions not overlapping thecommon electrodes 18 inside the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. In other words, thecommon electrode 18 is provided apart from each of the plurality ofpixel electrodes 20 in a plan view. Thus, an IPS-mode liquid crystal display is configured. - A
contact hole 25, which penetrates an inter-electrodeinsulating film 19 and theinterlayer resin film 17 to reach thedrain electrode 15 in theTFT 16, is formed at a position overlapping thedrain electrode 15, in a plan view, in the periphery of the sub-pixels SPix. Thepixel electrode 20 is electrically connected to thedrain electrode 15 exposed to the bottom of thecontact hole 25. - For ease of understanding, illustration of the
pixel electrode 20 is omitted inFIG. 22 . InFIGS. 23 and 24 , thepixel electrode 20 provided inside each of the sub-pixels SPix is illustrated as the one including only one extension portion extending in the Y-axis direction, for example. However, in the fourth embodiment, thepixel electrodes 20 may have a come-tooth shape including a plurality of extension portions extending in the Y-axis direction and arranged in the X-axis direction, i.e., comb teeth, for example, in a plan view. In the fourth embodiment, thecommon electrode 18 may also have a come-tooth shape including a plurality of extension portions extending in the Y-axis direction and arranged in the X-axis direction, i.e., comb teeth, for example, in a plan view. The comb teeth of thepixel electrode 20 and the comp teeth of thecommon electrode 18 may be arranged to mesh with each other. At this time, in a slit provided between the comb teeth of thepixel electrode 20 and the comb teeth of thecommon electrode 18, which are adjacent to each other, an electric field is formed between thepixel electrode 20 and thecommon electrode 18, so that an oriented state of a liquid crystal in theliquid crystal layer 4 changes. - The oriented
film 21 is provided, like in the first embodiment, to cover thepixel electrodes 20, thecommon electrodes 18, and an exposed part of theinterlayer resin film 17. - On the other hand, the
opposite substrate 3 can be made similar to theopposite substrate 3 in the first embodiment, for example. That is, theopposite substrate 3 includes atransparent substrate 30 as a base. Thetransparent substrate 30 has asurface 30 a and areverse surface 30 b. Thelight shielding section 5 and a color filter layer 32 (seeFIG. 3 ) are provided on thesurface 30 a of thetransparent substrate 30. Anovercoat layer 33 is provided to cover thelight shielding section 5 and thecolor filter layer 32. Thespacer section 7 f serving as aspacer section 7 is provided on theovercoat layer 33. An orientedfilm 35 is provided to cover thespacer section 7 f and theovercoat layer 33. - The
array substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 are arranged to oppose each other, i.e., oppositely arranged via theauxiliary wirings 6 f and thespacer section 7 f. An area between thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 oppositely arranged is filled with theliquid crystal layer 4, like in the first embodiment. - By the above-described configuration, in the respective sub-pixels SPix, when the
TFTs 16 are turned on, an electric field is formed between thecommon electrode 18 and each of thepixel electrodes 20, and an orientation of liquid crystal molecules in theliquid crystal layer 4 changes, like in the first embodiment. Thus, light transmittance in theliquid crystal layer 4 changes, so that an image is displayed. - An arrangement of the auxiliary wiring and the spacer section in the liquid crystal display according to the fourth embodiment and its effect will be described below with reference to
FIGS. 22 to 24 . - As described above, the
auxiliary wiring 6 f is arranged within the region provided with theextension portion 52, and extends in the Y-axis direction in a plan view. Theauxiliary wiring 6 f is electrically connected to thecommon electrode 18. Theauxiliary wiring 6 is provided to project toward the side of theopposite substrate 3 from thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1. - On the other hand, the
spacer section 7 f has a shape having a length in the X-axis direction, e.g., an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape in a plan view. That is, the length of thespacer section 7 f in the X-axis direction is larger than the width of thespacer section 7 f in the Y-axis direction in a plan view. Thespacer section 7 f is arranged to cross theauxiliary wiring 6 f in a crossing region CR1 where theextension portion 51 and theextension portion 52 cross each other in a plan view. Therefore, the length of thespacer section 7 f in the X-axis direction is larger than the width of theauxiliary wiring 6 f in the X-axis direction. - In the fourth embodiment, the
spacer section 7 f is also provided to project toward the side of thearray substrate 1 from asurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3, like in the first embodiment. Thespacer section 7 f is arranged within the region provided with theextension portion 51 in a plan view. - Therefore, even if the
array substrate 1 or theopposite substrate 3 is deflected by application of a force from the outside, and thearray substrate 1 and theopposite substrate 3 shift from each other in a transverse direction, a state where theauxiliary wiring 6 f and thespacer section 7 f overlap each other in a plan view is maintained. Thus, thespacer section 7 f is prevented or inhibited from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in a part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix in a plan view. As a result, the orientedfilm 21 formed on thesurface 1 a can be prevented or inhibited from being damaged. - In the fourth embodiment, a process for providing a projection on the
surface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 need not be individually performed, like in the first embodiment. Thus, the number of processes for manufacturing the liquid crystal display can be more reduced than in the technique discussed inPatent Literature 1. Further, theauxiliary wiring 6 f is composed of a metal film. Thus, a spacing between thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 and thesurface 3 a of theopposite substrate 3 can be more accurately maintained than when a projection provided on a surface of an array substrate is composed of an organic film in the technique discussed inPatent Literature 1, like in the first embodiment. - In the fourth embodiment, the
auxiliary wiring 6 f and thespacer section 7 f are used to prevent thespacer section 7 f from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix, even when thespacer section 7 f moves in the transverse direction, like in the first embodiment. Therefore, an effect of preventing or inhibiting thespacer section 7 f from coming close to thesurface 1 a of thearray substrate 1 in the part arranged inside each of the sub-pixels SPix can be more increased than in the technique discussed in Patent Literature 2. - In the foregoing, the invention made by the inventors of the present invention has been concretely described based on the embodiments. However, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments and various modifications and alterations can be made within the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the present invention is not particularly limited to but applicable to a medium/small-sized liquid crystal display to a large-sized liquid crystal display.
- In the category of the idea of the present invention, a person with ordinary skill in the art can conceive various modified examples and revised examples, and such modified examples and revised examples are also deemed to belong to the scope of the present invention.
- For example, the examples obtained by appropriately making the additions, deletions or design changes of components or the additions, deletions or condition changes of processes to respective embodiments described above by a person with ordinary skill in the art also belong to the scope of the present invention as long as they include the gist of the present invention.
- The present invention is effective by application to a liquid crystal display.
Claims (19)
1. A liquid crystal display comprising:
a first substrate;
a second substrate;
a liquid crystal between the first substrate and the second substrate;
a first wiring and a first layer between the first substrate and the liquid crystal; and
a spacer which is between the second substrate and the liquid crystal, and includes a first length in a first direction and a second length in a second direction which is crossing the first direction,
wherein the first length is larger than the second length, and
wherein the first wiring is projected from the first layer and extends the second direction, and the spacer overlaps the first wiring.
2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 , further comprising a light shielding member which is between the second substrate and the liquid crystal, and includes a potion extending in the second direction,
wherein the portion overlaps the first wiring.
3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2 , further comprising a gate wiring and a source wirings crossing the gate wiring,
wherein the gate wiring extend the first wiring.
4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3 ,
wherein the first wiring and the source wiring are parallel, and extend the second direction.
5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2 ,
wherein the first layer is an insulation layer.
6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5 ,
wherein the insulation layer is a transparent resin film
7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6 , further comprising a transparent conductive layer,
wherein the first wiring is disposed between the first layer and the transparent conductive layer, and the first wiring contacts the transparent conductive layer.
8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 7 , further comprising a transparent pixel electrode between the transparent conductive layer and the liquid crystal,
wherein the transparent conducive layer is a common electrode, and the liquid crystal is driven by an electric field generated between the pixel electrode and the common electrode.
9. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2 ,
wherein the first layer is a transparent conductive layer, and the first wiring contacts the transparent conductive layer.
10. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 9 , further comprising a transparent pixel electrode between the transparent conductive layer and the liquid crystal,
wherein the transparent conducive layer is a common electrode, and the liquid crystal is driven by an electric field generated between the pixel electrode and the common electrode.
11. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 , further comprising a second wiring projected from the first layer and extends the second direction,
wherein the second wiring is separated from the first wiring.
12. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11 , further comprising a light shielding member which is between the second substrate and the liquid crystal, and includes a potion extending in the second direction,
wherein the portion overlaps the first wiring and the second wiring.
13. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 12 , further comprising a gate wiring and a source wirings crossing the gate wiring,
wherein the gate wiring extend the first wiring.
14. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 13 ,
wherein the first layer is an insulation layer.
15. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 14 ,
wherein the insulation layer is a transparent resin film
16. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6 , further comprising a transparent conductive layer,
wherein the first wiring is disposed between the first layer and the transparent conductive layer, and the first wiring and the second wiring contact the transparent conductive layer.
17. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 16 , further comprising a transparent pixel electrode between the transparent conductive layer and the liquid crystal,
wherein the transparent conducive layer is a common electrode, and the liquid crystal is driven by an electric field generated between the pixel electrode and the common electrode.
18. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 13 ,
wherein the first layer is a transparent conductive layer, and the first wiring and the second wiring contact the transparent conductive layer.
19. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 18 , further comprising a transparent pixel electrode between the transparent conductive layer and the liquid crystal,
wherein the transparent conducive layer is a common electrode, and the liquid crystal is driven by an electric field generated between the pixel electrode and the common electrode.
Priority Applications (1)
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JP6603577B2 (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2019-11-06 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | Liquid crystal display |
US10690970B2 (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2020-06-23 | Apple Inc. | Display with hybrid column spacer structures |
JP2017198729A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-11-02 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | Display device |
JP6749797B2 (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2020-09-02 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | Display device |
CN106802517B (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2019-07-02 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of liquid crystal display panel and display device |
CN111033556A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-04-17 | 株式会社日本显示器 | Fingerprint detection device and display device |
JP2020119803A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-08-06 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | Display device |
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US20100201933A1 (en) * | 2009-02-09 | 2010-08-12 | Hitachi Displays, Ltd. | Liquid crystal display device |
US20100231842A1 (en) * | 2009-03-11 | 2010-09-16 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Liquid Crystal Display Device |
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KR101107269B1 (en) * | 2004-12-31 | 2012-01-19 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | Thin Film Transistor Substrate of Horizontal Electric Field And Fabricating Method Thereof, Liquid Crystal Display Panel Using The Same And Fabricating Method Thereof |
JP5481040B2 (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2014-04-23 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | Display device and driving method thereof |
JP5580657B2 (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2014-08-27 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Liquid crystal display |
JP2013186148A (en) * | 2012-03-06 | 2013-09-19 | Japan Display West Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display device, method of manufacturing liquid crystal display device, and electronic equipment |
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US20100201933A1 (en) * | 2009-02-09 | 2010-08-12 | Hitachi Displays, Ltd. | Liquid crystal display device |
US20100231842A1 (en) * | 2009-03-11 | 2010-09-16 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Liquid Crystal Display Device |
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US9494835B2 (en) | 2016-11-15 |
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