US20170009348A1 - Chemical Deposition Apparatus Having Conductance Control - Google Patents
Chemical Deposition Apparatus Having Conductance Control Download PDFInfo
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- US20170009348A1 US20170009348A1 US15/273,100 US201615273100A US2017009348A1 US 20170009348 A1 US20170009348 A1 US 20170009348A1 US 201615273100 A US201615273100 A US 201615273100A US 2017009348 A1 US2017009348 A1 US 2017009348A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cavity
- valve
- deposition
- exhaust outlets
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- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/52—Controlling or regulating the coating process
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/4412—Details relating to the exhausts, e.g. pumps, filters, scrubbers, particle traps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45527—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the ALD cycle, e.g. different flows or temperatures during half-reactions, unusual pulsing sequence, use of precursor mixtures or auxiliary reactants or activations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45544—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the apparatus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45557—Pulsed pressure or control pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45563—Gas nozzles
- C23C16/45565—Shower nozzles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/50—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02225—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
- H01L21/0226—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
- H01L21/02263—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase
- H01L21/02271—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition
- H01L21/02274—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition in the presence of a plasma [PECVD]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02225—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
- H01L21/0226—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
- H01L21/02263—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase
- H01L21/02271—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition
- H01L21/0228—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition deposition by cyclic CVD, e.g. ALD, ALE, pulsed CVD
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67005—Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67011—Apparatus for manufacture or treatment
- H01L21/67017—Apparatus for fluid treatment
Definitions
- Plasma processing apparatuses can be used to process semiconductor substrates by techniques including etching, physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD), pulsed deposition layer (PDL), plasma enhanced pulsed deposition layer (PEPDL) processing, and resist removal.
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PECVD plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- PEALD plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition
- PDL pulsed deposition layer
- PEPDL plasma enhanced pulsed deposition layer
- a chemical deposition apparatus comprising: a chemical isolation chamber; a deposition chamber formed within the chemical isolation chamber; a showerhead module having a faceplate and a backing plate, the showerhead module including a plurality of inlets which deliver reactor chemistries to a cavity and exhaust outlets which remove reactor chemistries; and at least one conductance control assembly, which is in fluid communication with the cavity via the exhaust outlets and an evacuation apparatus fluidly connected to the at least one conductance control assembly by the one or more evacuation vacuum lines, the at least one conductance control assembly selected from one or more of the following: (a) a ball valve assembly, the ball valve assembly comprising: a housing having a conical lower portion; a conduit extending from the conical lower portion of the housing to one or more of the exhaust outlets of the cavity, the conduit having an inlet and an outlet; and a spherical body configured to fit within the conical lower portion, and wherein the spherical body is configured to block the outlet of the conduit and prevent a flow of the reactor chemistries
- a method of controlling conductance within a cavity of a chemical deposition apparatus comprising: processing a substrate in the cavity of the chemical deposition apparatus, the cavity formed between a showerhead module and a substrate pedestal module configured to receive the substrate, wherein the showerhead module includes a plurality of inlets which delivers reactor chemistries to the cavity and exhaust outlets which remove reactor chemistries and purging gases from the cavity; injecting a purging gas into the cavity; and controlling a change in conductance of the cavity with at least one conductance control assembly, which is in fluid communication with the cavity via the exhaust outlets, the at least one conductance control assembly selected from one or more of the following: (a) a ball valve assembly, the ball valve assembly comprising: a housing having a conical lower portion; a conduit extending from the conical lower portion of the housing to one or more of the exhaust outlets of the cavity, the conduit having an inlet and an outlet; and a spherical body configured to fit within the conical lower portion, and wherein the spherical body is configured
- FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic diagram showing a chemical deposition apparatus with a pedestal in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic diagram showing a chemical deposition apparatus without a pedestal in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of an apparatus with a plurality of conductance control assemblies in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a partial view of a ball valve assembly in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of a fluidic valve in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram of a fluidic valve in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a cavity of a chemical deposition apparatus having a rotary bearing with magnetic coupling in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion of the cavity of FIG. 6 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a cavity of a chemical deposition apparatus having a linear magnetic coupling based valve in an open position in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a cavity of a chemical deposition apparatus having a linear magnetic coupling based valve in a closed position in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
- the apparatuses and associated methods disclosed herein can be used for conducting a chemical deposition such as a plasma enhanced chemical deposition.
- the apparatus and methods can be used in conjunction with a semiconductor fabrication based dielectric deposition process that requires separation of self-limiting deposition steps in a multi-step deposition process (for example, atomic layer deposition (ALD), plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD), pulsed deposition layer (PDL), or plasma enhanced pulsed deposition layer (PEPDL) processing), however they are not so limited.
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- PEALD plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition
- PDL pulsed deposition layer
- PEPDL plasma enhanced pulsed deposition layer
- nonuniform temperatures may develop across a substrate when a passively heated showerhead, which is in thermal contact with surrounding chamber components, loses heat to the surrounding components. Therefore, the showerhead which forms an upper wall of a processing zone is preferably thermally isolated from the surrounding components such that an isothermal processing zone may be formed, thereby forming uniform temperatures across the substrate.
- the uniform temperatures across the substrate aid in the uniform processing of substrates wherein the substrate temperature provides activation energy for the deposition process and is therefore a control means for driving the deposition reaction.
- the chandelier showerheads have a stem attached to the top of the chamber on one end and the face plate on the other end, resembling a chandelier. A part of the stem may protrude the chamber top to enable connection of gas lines and RF power.
- the flush mount showerheads are integrated into the top of a chamber and do not have a stem.
- Present embodiments can pertain to a flush mount type showerhead wherein the flush mount showerhead reduces chamber volume which must be evacuated by a vacuum source during processing.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams showing a chemical deposition apparatus 100 in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein.
- the chemical apparatus includes a chemical isolation chamber or housing 110 , a deposition chamber 120 , a showerhead module 130 , and a moving pedestal module 140 that can be raised or lowered relative to the showerhead module 130 to raise and lower a substrate (or wafer) 190 position on an upper surface of the pedestal module 140 .
- the showerhead module 130 can also be vertically raised and lowered.
- Reactant material gases (not shown) are introduced into the sub-chamber 120 via gas lines 112 .
- Each of the gas lines 112 may have a corresponding accumulator, which can be isolated from the apparatus 100 using isolation valves.
- the apparatus 100 can be modified to have one or more gas lines 112 with isolation valves and accumulators, depending on the number of reactant gases used. Also reactant gas delivery lines 112 can be shared between a plurality of chemical deposition apparatuses or multi-station system.
- the chamber 120 can be evacuated through one or more vacuum lines 160 that are connected to a vacuum source (not shown).
- the vacuum source can be a vacuum pump (not shown).
- a vacuum line 160 from another station may share a common foreline (e.g., vacuum line between vacuum pumps) with the vacuum line 160 .
- the apparatus 100 can be modified to have one or more vacuum lines 160 per station or apparatus 100 .
- a plurality of evacuation conduits 170 can be configured to be in fluid communication with one or more exhaust outlets 174 within the faceplate 136 of the showerhead module 130 .
- the exhaust outlets 174 can be configured to remove process gases or reactor chemistries 192 from the cavity 150 between deposition processes.
- the plurality of evacuation conduits 170 are also in fluid communication with the one or more vacuum lines 160 .
- the evacuation conduits 170 can be spaced circumferentially around the substrate 190 and may be evenly spaced. In some instances, the spacing of plurality of conduits 170 may be designed to compensate for the locations of the vacuum lines 160 .
- conduits 170 may be spaced closer together if they are further away from the vacuum lines 160 .
- An exemplary embodiment of a chemical deposition apparatus 100 including a plurality of conduits 170 including a variable flow conductor can be found in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 7,993,457, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- Embodiments disclosed herein are preferably implemented in a plasma enhanced chemical deposition apparatus (i.e. PECVD apparatus, PEALD apparatus, or PEPDL apparatus).
- a plasma enhanced chemical deposition apparatus i.e. PECVD apparatus, PEALD apparatus, or PEPDL apparatus.
- the apparatus can include one or more chambers or “reactors” (sometimes including multiple stations, or deposition chambers as described above) that house one or more substrates and are suitable for substrate processing.
- Each chamber may house one or more substrates for processing.
- the one or more chambers maintain the substrate in a defined position or positions (with or without motion within that position, e.g. rotation, vibration, or other agitation).
- a substrate 190 undergoing deposition and treatment can be transferred from one station (e.g. deposition chamber) to another within the apparatus during the process.
- each substrate 190 is held in place by a pedestal module 140 , wafer chuck and/or other wafer holding apparatus.
- the apparatus 100 may include a heater such as a heating plate.
- the pedestal module 140 is lowered to receive and/or discharge a substrate or wafer from an upper surface of the pedestal module 140 .
- a substrate is placed on the surface of the pedestal module 140 , which is then raised vertically upward towards the showerhead module 130 .
- the distance between an upper surface 142 of the pedestal module 140 and a lower surface 132 of the showerhead module 130 , which forms a cavity 150 can be about 0.2 inches (5 millimeters) to about 0.6 inches (15.25 millimeters).
- the showerhead module 130 is configured to deliver reactor chemistries to the cavity (or reactor chamber) 150 .
- the showerhead module 130 can include a faceplate 136 having a plurality of inlets or through holes 138 and a backing plate 139 .
- the faceplate 136 can be a single plate having a plurality of inlets or through holes 138 and the step 135 , which extends around the outer periphery 137 of the faceplate 136 .
- the step 135 can be a separate ring 133 , which is secured to a lower surface of an outer portion 131 of the faceplate 136 .
- the step 135 can be secured to the outer portion 131 of the faceplate 136 with a screw 143 .
- An exemplary embodiment of a showerhead module 130 for distribution of process gases including a faceplate 136 having concentric exhaust outlets 174 can be found in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,614,026, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- the exhaust outlets 174 surround the plurality of inlets 138 .
- the temperature inside the chamber 120 can be maintained through a heating mechanism in the showerhead module 130 and/or the pedestal module 140 .
- the substrate 190 can be located in an isothermal environment wherein the showerhead module 130 and the pedestal module 140 are configured to maintain the substrate 190 at a desired temperature.
- the showerhead module 130 can be heated to greater than 250° C.
- the pedestal module 140 can be heated to greater than 250° C.
- the deposition chamber 120 serves to contain the plasma generated by a capacitively coupled plasma type system including the showerhead module 130 working in conjunction with the pedestal module 140 .
- RF source(s) such as a high-frequency (HF) RF generator, connected to a matching network (not shown), and a low-frequency (LF) RF generator are connected to showerhead module 130 .
- the power and frequency supplied by matching network is sufficient to generate a plasma from the process gas/vapor.
- both the HF generator and the LF generator are used.
- the HF generator is operated generally at frequencies of about 2-100 MHz; in a preferred embodiment at 13.56 MHz.
- the LF generator is operated generally at about 50 kHz to 2 MHz; in a preferred embodiment at about 350 to 600 kHz.
- the process parameters may be scaled based on the chamber volume, substrate size, and other factors.
- power outputs of LF and HF generators are typically directly proportional to the deposition surface area of the substrate.
- the power used on 300 mm wafers will generally be at least 2.25 higher than the power used for 200 mm wafers.
- the flow rates, such as standard vapor pressure will depend on the free volume of the vacuum chamber or deposition chamber 120 .
- the pedestal module 140 supports the substrate 190 on which materials may be deposited.
- the pedestal module 140 typically includes a chuck, a fork, or lift pins to hold and transfer the substrate during and between the deposition and/or plasma treatment reactions.
- the pedestal module 140 may include an electrostatic chuck, a mechanical chuck, or various other types of chuck as are available for use in the industry and/or research.
- the pedestal module 140 can be coupled with a heater block for heating the substrate 190 to a desired temperature. Generally, the substrate 190 is maintained at a temperature of about 25° C. to 500° C. depending on the material to be deposited.
- the deposition chamber 120 includes one or more conductance control assemblies 200 , which are configured to control and regulate chamber pressure within the deposition chamber 120 during flow of process material gas or reactor chemistries (e.g., a dosing step) and a reaction or plasma step (e.g., reaction step), which causes a film to form on the wafer or substrate 190 , and evacuation or purging (e.g., a purging step) of the process material gases or reactor chemistries.
- the evacuation or purging of the chamber 120 uses an inert or purge gas.
- the conductance control assemblies 200 can include one or more ball valve assemblies 300 ( FIGS.
- the plurality of exhaust conduits 170 can be located either axially and/or above to the substrate 190 and can include one or more conduits and/or channels, which are in fluid connection with the conductance control assemblies 200 .
- the plurality of exhaust conduits 170 are connected to the vacuum lines 160 via a conduit or path around and/or below an edge of the substrate 190 on the pedestal module 140 .
- the one or more conductance assemblies 200 can have minimum to maximum conductance ranges by three ( 3 ) orders of magnitude.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of the chemical deposition apparatus 100 having a plurality of conductance control assemblies 200 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
- the chemical deposition apparatus 100 includes a chemical isolation chamber or housing 110 , a deposition chamber 120 , a showerhead module 130 , a moving pedestal module 140 that can be raised or lowered relative to the showerhead module 130 to raise and lower a substrate or wafer (not shown) position on an upper surface of the pedestal module 140 , and a plurality of conductance control assemblies 200 .
- the plurality of conductance control assemblies 200 can be symmetrically placed around an outer edge of the showerhead module 130 and are fluidly connected to the deposition chamber 120 to one or more vacuum lines 160 .
- the plurality of conductance control assemblies 200 can be configured to provide a chemical deposition apparatus 100 having a low conductance of process material gas during deposition and a high conductance during evacuation or purging of the reactor chemistries.
- the showerhead module 130 can include a faceplate 136 having a plurality of through holes or inlets 138 and an outer row of concentric exhaust outlets 174 , a backing plate 139 and a top plate 145 .
- An exemplary embodiment of a showerhead 130 for distribution of process gases including a faceplate 136 having concentric exhaust outlets 174 can be found in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,614,026, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- an exhaust passage 440 ( FIG. 5 ) connects the exhaust outlets 174 to an exhaust conduit 426 in the backing plate 139 and/or a top plate 145 above the backing plate 139 (not shown).
- each exhaust gas passage 440 can include a conductance control assembly 200 , (one ball per passage, one jet of purge gas per passage, one variable zone along a gas passage).
- the module has two vacuum connections 160 and two exhaust conduits 170 , there could be a number of exhaust outlets 174 in the faceplate 136 in fluid communication with each exhaust conduit 170 .
- the plurality of conductance control assemblies 200 can be between 2 and 10, more preferably 4 to 8, and most preferably 6 for an apparatus 100 , wherein each of the plurality of conductance control assemblies 200 is fluidly connected to two or more exhaust outlets 174 within the faceplate 136 , for example, 2 to 20 exhaust outlets 174 for each of the plurality of conductance control assemblies 200 .
- each of the plurality of conductance control assemblies 200 can be fluidly connected to a single exhaust outlet 174 within faceplate 136 of the showerhead module 130 , for example, the showerhead module can include 10 to 120 conductance control assemblies 200 , and more preferably 20 to 80 conduction control assemblies 200 .
- FIG. 3 illustrates a partial view of a conductance control assembly in the form of a ball valve assembly 300 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
- the ball valve assembly 300 includes a housing 310 having a conduit 320 in fluid communication with the cavity 150 , a housing 330 having a conical portion 332 on a lower portion thereof and cylindrical housing 334 on an upper portion thereof.
- the conical portion 332 has an outlet or opening 340 on a lower portion thereof, which is in fluid communication with the conduit 320 .
- an upper portion or outlet 360 of the housing 330 is in fluid communication with one or more vacuum lines 160 .
- a cylindrical ball or spherical body 350 is located within the cylindrical housing 330 and is configured to rest within the conical portion 332 of the housing 330 .
- Each of the balls or spherical bodies 350 based on their weight and/or size are configured to block the outlet or opening 340 , at or below a first pressure and flow rate within the cavity 150 and upon exceeding the first pressure and flow rate, the one or more of the balls or spherical bodies 350 will begin to float or raise upward providing an opening between a lower surface of the ball or spherical body 350 and the outlet or opening 340 to allow reactor chemistries and/or purge gas to flow from the cavity 150 into the one or more vacuum lines 160 .
- the pressure and flow rate of the reactor chemistries and/or purge gas within the cavity 150 can be low enough that the spherical bodies 350 do not move or rise upward allowing the reactor chemistries to be confined within the cavity 150 .
- the pressure within the cavity 150 in combination with the flow rate of the purging gas into the cavity 150 can exceed the first pressure and flow rate, which displaces the spherical bodies.
- the number of ball valve assemblies 300 for a given chemical deposition apparatus 100 can be between 2 and 10 based on the number of exhaust conduits 170 , which can be spaced circumferentially around the substrate 190 and may be evenly spaced.
- each of the ball valve assemblies 300 can be configured to be fluidly connected to one or more evacuation conduits (not shown), which are configured to evacuate reactor chemistries from the cavity 150 during a purging process.
- each of the plurality of cylindrical balls or spherical bodies 350 is made of a corrosion resistant material, such as aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), for example, a sapphire spherical body or ball.
- each of the ball valve assemblies 300 is configured to lift upward only during purging of the cavity 150 .
- the spherical bodies or balls 350 remain within the conical portion 332 of the housing 330 , and based on the weight and/or size of the spherical bodies or balls 350 , they block the outlet or opening 340 preventing the release or flow of reactant gases into the forelines of the vacuum system.
- an inlet 322 of the conduit 320 of the ball valve assemblies 300 is located as close are possible to the cavity 150 .
- the plurality of conductance control assemblies 300 can be a gravity based mechanical check valve, for example, a spring loaded ball valve, which opens upon reaching a predetermined pressure within the cavity 150 .
- FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of a chemical deposition apparatus 100 having a conductance control assembly in the form of a fluidic valve 400 ( FIG. 5 ).
- the fluidic valve 400 uses a modulating gas flow from a series of disturbed flow outlets, which are sized and placed such that the modulating flow creates a jet or stream that interacts with the flow exiting the cavity 150 creating a local pressure drop. For example, for a given modulating flow as the chamber flow rate increases at a particular point, the modulating flow jet is distributed and transition point occurs after which the presence of the modulating flow does not contribute to the overall pressure drop at the exit of the cavity 150 .
- the fluidic valve 400 can be used as a flow restriction device, which enables a quick rise in pressure within the cavity 150 .
- the cavity 150 can be purged efficiently without changing modulating flow rate, which permits a faster rise in pressure during the processing or dosing step without sacrificing purge ability in the next step.
- the fluidic valves 400 can be located within a top plate 145 with purge gas conduits and tubes extending into the exhaust conduit 170 between the backing plate 139 and the top plate 145 with jets of modulating gas opposing gas flow out of exhaust passages in backing plate 139 .
- the reactor chemistries 192 in the form of an exhaust gas travels from the exhaust outlet 174 in faceplate 136 through a plenum 450 between the faceplate 136 and the backing plate 139 and then out an exhaust passage 426 in the backing plate 139 at which point its flow is impeded by the opposing jet flow of the modulating gas from a modulating gas supply 402 .
- the chemical deposition apparatus 100 includes a chemical isolation chamber or housing 110 , a deposition chamber 120 , a showerhead module 130 , a moving pedestal module 140 that can be raised or lowered relative to the showerhead module 130 to raise and lower a substrate or wafer (not shown) positioned on an upper surface of the pedestal module 140 , and a plurality of fluidic valves 400 .
- a modulating gas or purge gas supply line 402 is connected to an upper portion of each of the fluidic valves 400 .
- the fluidic valve 400 is incorporated into the gas or pressure control system of deposition chamber 120 .
- the fluidic valve 400 enables conductance control locally at the exit of the deposition chamber 120 with minimal additional gas usage and minimal added volume to the cavity 150 .
- this can be achieved by the use of a modulating gas flow from a series of distributed fluidic valves 400 .
- the outlets 416 of the fluidic valves 400 can be sized and placed such that the modulating flow creates a jet that interacts with the flow exiting from within cavity 150 creating a local pressure drop and/or conductance change.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram of a fluidic valve 400 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
- the fluidic valve 400 includes a modulating gas portion 410 and a chamber outflow portion 420 .
- the modulating gas portion 410 is fluidly connected to a modulating gas supply 402 via one or more conduits or gas supply lines 404 .
- the modulating gas supply 402 supplies a modulating gas 406 preferably in for the form of an inert gas, for example, nitrogen (N 2 ) or Argon (Ar).
- the modulating gas portion 410 has a modulating inlet 412 , which receives the modulating gas via the one or more conduits or gas supply lines 404 , an inner cavity 413 , at least one inlet 414 and at least one outlet 416 .
- the at least one inlet 414 and the at least one outlet 416 are cylindrical holes within the modulating gas portion 410 of the fluidic valve 400 forming a conduit 418 .
- the at least one outlet 416 has a smaller diameter than the at least one inlet 412 , which focuses the modulating gas 406 and forms a jet or stream of modulating gas 406 , which is in fluid communication with the reactor gas flow 408 from the wafer or chamber cavity 150 .
- the modulating gas 406 and the reactor gas flow 408 are combined within a cavity or exhaust conduit 170 , which is in fluid communication with the one or more vacuum gas lines 160 .
- the chamber outflow portion 420 is fluidly connected to the cavity 150 and includes one or more flow conduits 426 , which receives the reactor gas from the cavity 150 .
- each of the one or more flow conduits 426 has an inlet 424 and an outlet 422 .
- the inlet 424 and the outlet 422 of the flow conduits 426 are preferably equal in diameter.
- the inlet 424 of the one or more flow conduits 426 is fluidly connected to a recess portion 450 of the showerhead module 130 .
- the recess portion 450 is fluidly connected to one or more conduits 440 , and wherein each of the one or more conduits 440 has an inlet 442 and an outlet 444 in fluid communication with the cavity 150 .
- the jet or stream of modulating gas 406 blocks the flow of the reactor gas flow 408 from the cavity 150 , which increase the resistance and ability for the reactor gas flow 408 to escape or be released from the cavity 150 .
- the modulating gas 406 is pushed away (for example, the jet gets disturbed by the increasing flow) and the reactor gas flow 408 encounters less resistance.
- the transition point can be effectively modulated by adjusting or changing the flow rate of the modulating gas 406 in comparison to the flow rate of the chamber or reactor gas flow 408 , dimensions of the outlet 416 , and/or distance between the outlet 416 of the modulating gas portion 410 and the outlet 422 of the flow conduits (or reactor exit plane) 426 .
- the flow rates of the modulating gas 406 and the chamber or reactor gas flow 408 can be controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the modulating gas 406 in conjunction with a size or diameter of the corresponding inlets 414 , 424 and outlets 416 , 422 on the modulating portion 410 and the chamber portion 420 of the fluidic valve 400 .
- the performance of the fluidic valve 400 can be controlled or varied based on the foreline pressure of the one or more vacuum lines 160 , for example, the lower foreline pressure, the better the restriction performance.
- the fluidic valve 400 provides the ability to reduce chemical or processing gas usage, for processes, such as ALD, and can also increase the number of substrates 190 , which can be processed.
- the apparatus 100 with a fluidic valve 400 having a modulating gas 406 as disclosed herein can reduce the time required to increase the pressure of the cavity 150 for the dosing step. For example, throughput (i.e., the number of wafer or substrate processed in a given time frame, can be improved due to a reduction in dose time.
- the plurality of fluidic valves 400 are symmetrically placed around an outer edge of the showerhead module 130 and are fluidly connected to the cavity 150 and one or more vacuum lines 160 via one or more exhaust conduits 170 .
- the number of fluidic valves 400 is equal in number to the number of outlets or conduits 440 within a recess portion 430 of the showerhead module 130 .
- the plurality of fluidic valves 400 can be 10 to 120 fluidic valves 400 , and more preferably 20 to 80 fluidic valves 400 .
- the number of fluidic valves 400 can be for example, between 2 and 10.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a chemical deposition apparatus 100 having a rotary or azimuthal valve 500 having a magnetic coupling in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
- the chemical deposition apparatus 100 includes a chemical isolation chamber or housing 110 having a cavity 150 , a showerhead module 130 , a moving pedestal module (not shown) that can be raised or lowered relative to the showerhead module 130 to raise and lower a substrate or wafer (not shown) position on an upper surface of the pedestal module and a rotary or azimuthal valve 500 .
- FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion of the rotary valve 500 of the chemical deposition apparatus 100 as shown in FIG. 7 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
- the rotary valve 500 includes an upper rotating or azimuthal plate or ring 510 (or rotating plate in atmosphere) having at least one rotary bearing 512 , for example, an X-type thin section bearing, and a lower rotating or azimuthal plate or ring 520 (or rotating plate in vacuum) having a least one rotary bearing 530 .
- the lower rotating plate or ring 520 includes a plurality of conduits or passages 540 , which is configured to receive reactor chemistries from the cavity 150 via a corresponding evacuation conduit 174 .
- Each of the plurality of passages 540 has an inlet 542 on a lower surface and an outlet 544 on an upper surface.
- the outlets 544 are in fluid communication with an inner cavity or plenum 550 , which is in fluid communication with the one or more vacuum gas lines 160 (not shown) via exhaust conduits 170 .
- the upper rotating plate or ring 510 of the rotary valve 500 can be driven by a flexure, or alternatively, the upper rotating plate or ring 510 can be integrated into a pulley driven plate with integrated flexure or bearing elements.
- each of the plurality of evacuation conduits 175 also includes an inlet 176 in fluid communication with the cavity 150 and an outlet 178 , which is in fluid communication with the inlets 542 of the lower plate 520 .
- the outlets 178 are concentrically located around the cavity 150 and circumferentially spaced apart and radially extending exhaust passages 180 connect the cavity 150 to the evacuation conduits 175 .
- the exhaust passages 180 extend from an outer edge of the cavity 150 radially outward to the plurality of evacuation conduits 175
- the plurality of evacuation conduits 175 can be aligned with the plurality of passages 540 in the lower plate or ring 510 , such that upon rotation of the lower plate or ring 510 , the alignment of the outlets 178 of the plurality of evacuation conduits 175 and the inlets 542 of the lower plate or ring 510 changes the conductance of the rotary or azimuthal plate 500 .
- the lower plate 520 acts as a local conductance control assembly or valve.
- the conductance at the plurality of evacuation conduits 175 , for example, reactor exit, from one step or process to the next is controlled by the features of the rotating plates 510 , 520 , for example, the degree to which the holes or conduits 174 which constitute the reactor exit are aligned (or not) with the features or plurality of passages 540 on the reactor exit portion of the lower rotating or azimuthal plate 520 .
- the plurality of evacuation conduits 175 and/or the plurality of passages 540 can be round holes, ovals, or other sized apertures.
- the plurality of evacuation conduits 175 and passages 540 can number between about 60 and 120, and most preferably about 90.
- the conductance of the rotary valve 500 can be adjusted as desired.
- the minimum conductance can be lowered by reducing the number of conduits and holes 174 , 540 , the sizes of the conduits and holes 174 , 540 , and/or the cross-sectional shape of the conduits and holes 174 , 540 .
- a corresponding rotation of the lower plate 520 occurs upon rotation of the upper plate 510 in either a clockwise or counter clockwise direction.
- the rotation of the lower plate 520 causes a change in the relative positions of the outlets 178 of the evacuation conduits 175 relative to the inlets 542 of the plurality of passages 540 within the lower plate 540 .
- the relative positions of the outlets 178 of the evacuation conduits 175 to the inlets 542 of the passages 540 controls the flow or conductance of the reactor chemistries 192 from the cavity 150 . If the outlets 178 and the inlets 542 are aligned with one another, a maximum flow can occur. Alternatively, if the outlet 178 and the inlets 542 are only partially aligned, a reduced flow can occur.
- the upper and the lower plates 510 , 520 can include an atmospheric side and vacuum side X-type bearing (for example, Kaydon® bearing) and coupling the atmospheric side magnetically to a linear transfer style motor or voice coil actuator (not shown).
- a two to three degree rotational motion of the interfacing conduits or holes 174 , 540 can change the conductance from a minimum to a maximum flow for the apparatus 100 .
- the system of rotary plates 510 , 520 can be designed as needed to provide a conductance control assembly 200 having features including a desirable opening and closing speed, and frequency response, which can improve throughput for the apparatus 100 .
- the shape and mass of the rotary plates (moment of inertia) 510 , 520 can also be sized to fit within the chemical isolation chamber 110 .
- each of the upper and the lower plates 510 , 520 has a plurality of magnets (not shown), which are equally distributed about the upper and the lower plates 510 , 520 .
- the plurality of magnets upon rotation of the upper plate 510 causes a corresponding rotation of the lower plate 520 .
- the plate 520 rotating in vacuum can be magnetically coupled to the plate 510 rotating on the atmospheric side, which can be driven by a rotating means or known method such as pulleys, motors, belt drives.
- the upper and lower plates 510 , 520 can be magnetically coupled to one another, and the upper plate 510 can be driven by a screw type motion, for example, by a rotating means or known method such as pulleys, motors, belt drives, which can be useful for fast changes in conductance.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a deposition chamber 120 and cavity 150 of a chemical deposition apparatus 100 having a linear magnetic coupling valve 600 A, 600 B in an open position (left valve 600 A) and a closed position (right valve 600 B) in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
- the linear magnetic coupling valve 600 A, 600 B includes a linear plate or ring 610 having a plurality of linear rods 620 , which are configured to be magnetically raised and lowered within a plurality of exhaust channels 624 , which are configured to act as a valve to release reactor chemistries from the cavity 150 in an open position and prevent reactor chemistries from escaping from the cavity 150 in a closed position.
- the plurality of exhaust channels 624 are fluidly connected to a plurality of exhaust passage 180 ( FIG. 7 ), which are concentrically located around the cavity 150 .
- the exhaust passages 180 extend from an outer edge of the cavity 150 radially outward to the plurality of exhaust channels 624 .
- an upper portion 622 of the each of the linear rods 620 is magnetically coupled to a magnetic housing 630 .
- the magnetic housing 630 upon activation thereof is configured to raise and lower the plurality of linear rods 620 via magnetic coupling, which acts as a valve to release reactant gases from within the cavity 150 via the evacuation conduit 650 into the inner cavity 640 .
- the apparatus 100 also include an exhaust conduit 170 , which is in fluid communication with the cavity 150 and an inner cavity 640 .
- FIG. 9 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a cavity 150 of a chemical deposition apparatus 100 having a linear valve 600 B in a closed position in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
- each of the plurality of linear rods 620 has a proximal end 623 and a distal end 625 .
- Each of the plurality of linear rods 620 also includes a proximal portion 626 , which is configured to be magnetically coupled to a magnetic housing 630 , which raises and lowers the linear rods 620 within the magnetic housing 630 .
- a distal end 625 of each of the linear rods 620 acts a choke or valve for reactor chemistries within the deposition chamber 120 and/or cavity 150 .
- reactor chemistries and/or purge gas is released from the deposition chamber 120 and/or cavity 150 to the inner cavity 640 via an exhaust passage 180 .
- the method comprises supplying reactor chemistries from the reactor chemistries source into the deposition chamber, and processing a semiconductor substrate in the plasma processing chamber.
- the method preferably comprises plasma processing the substrate wherein RF energy is applied to the reactor chemistries using an RF generator which generates the plasma in the deposition chamber.
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Abstract
Description
- This application is a Continuation Application of U.S. patent application Ser. Number 13/934,594, filed Jul. 3, 2013, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. This invention pertains to apparatuses and processes for conducting chemical depositions, and for use in conducting plasma enhanced chemical depositions.
- Plasma processing apparatuses can be used to process semiconductor substrates by techniques including etching, physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD), pulsed deposition layer (PDL), plasma enhanced pulsed deposition layer (PEPDL) processing, and resist removal. For example, one type of plasma processing apparatus used in plasma processing includes a reaction or deposition chamber containing top and bottom electrodes. A radio frequency (RF) power is applied between the electrodes to excite a process gas or reactor chemistries into a plasma for processing semiconductor substrates in the reaction chamber.
- A chemical deposition apparatus is disclosed, comprising: a chemical isolation chamber; a deposition chamber formed within the chemical isolation chamber; a showerhead module having a faceplate and a backing plate, the showerhead module including a plurality of inlets which deliver reactor chemistries to a cavity and exhaust outlets which remove reactor chemistries; and at least one conductance control assembly, which is in fluid communication with the cavity via the exhaust outlets and an evacuation apparatus fluidly connected to the at least one conductance control assembly by the one or more evacuation vacuum lines, the at least one conductance control assembly selected from one or more of the following: (a) a ball valve assembly, the ball valve assembly comprising: a housing having a conical lower portion; a conduit extending from the conical lower portion of the housing to one or more of the exhaust outlets of the cavity, the conduit having an inlet and an outlet; and a spherical body configured to fit within the conical lower portion, and wherein the spherical body is configured to block the outlet of the conduit and prevent a flow of the reactor chemistries through the conduit during a dosing step, and to allow the reactor chemistries and a purge gas to flow from the cavity into one or more evacuation vacuum lines upon exceeding a first pressure and flow rate within the cavity during a purging step by rising upward to provide an opening between a lower surface of the spherical body and the outlet of the conduit; (b) a fluidic valve, the fluidic valve having a modulating gas portion and a chamber outflow portion, the modulating gas portion configured to direct a stream of modulating gas from a modulating gas supply into a flow of reactor chemistries from the cavity, and wherein the stream of modulating gas modulates flow resistance experienced by the flow of the reactor chemistries from the cavity; (c) a rotary valve, the rotary valve comprising: an upper rotating plate; and a lower rotating plate magnetically coupled to the upper rotating plate, the lower rotating plate having a plurality of conduits, each of the plurality of conduits configured to receive reactor chemistries from the cavity from a corresponding evacuation conduit within the showerhead module, which is in fluid communication with one or more of the exhaust outlets; and/or (d) a magnetically coupled linear valve, the magnetically coupled linear valve comprising: a magnetic housing; and a plurality of linear rods, which are configured to be magnetically raised and lower within a plurality of channels, each of the plurality of linear rods having a proximal portion, which is configured to be magnetically coupled to the magnetic housing, which raises and lowers the plurality of linear rods within the magnetic housing, and a distal end, which acts as a valve for releasing the reactor chemistries and/or the purge gas from the exhaust outlets.
- A method of controlling conductance within a cavity of a chemical deposition apparatus is disclosed, comprising: processing a substrate in the cavity of the chemical deposition apparatus, the cavity formed between a showerhead module and a substrate pedestal module configured to receive the substrate, wherein the showerhead module includes a plurality of inlets which delivers reactor chemistries to the cavity and exhaust outlets which remove reactor chemistries and purging gases from the cavity; injecting a purging gas into the cavity; and controlling a change in conductance of the cavity with at least one conductance control assembly, which is in fluid communication with the cavity via the exhaust outlets, the at least one conductance control assembly selected from one or more of the following: (a) a ball valve assembly, the ball valve assembly comprising: a housing having a conical lower portion; a conduit extending from the conical lower portion of the housing to one or more of the exhaust outlets of the cavity, the conduit having an inlet and an outlet; and a spherical body configured to fit within the conical lower portion, and wherein the spherical body is configured to block the outlet of the conduit and prevent a flow of the reactor chemistries through the conduit during a dosing step, and to allow the reactor chemistries and a purge gas to flow from the cavity into one or more evacuation vacuum lines upon exceeding a first pressure and flow rate within the cavity during a purging step by rising upward to provide an opening between a lower surface of the spherical body and the outlet of the conduit; (b) a fluidic valve, the fluidic valve having a modulating gas portion and a chamber outflow portion, the modulating gas portion configured to direct a stream of modulating gas from a modulating gas supply into a flow of reactor chemistries from the cavity, and wherein the stream of modulating gas modulates flow resistance experienced by the flow of the reactor chemistries from the cavity; (c) a rotary valve, the rotary valve comprising: an upper rotating plate; and a lower rotating plate magnetically coupled to the upper rotating plate, the lower rotating plate having a plurality of conduits, each of the plurality of conduits configured to receive reactor chemistries from the cavity from a corresponding evacuation conduit within the showerhead module, which is in fluid communication with one or more of the exhaust outlets; and/or (d) a magnetically coupled linear valve, the magnetically coupled linear valve comprising: a magnetic housing; and a plurality of linear rods, which are configured to be magnetically raised and lower within a plurality of channels, each of the plurality of linear rods having a proximal portion, which is configured to be magnetically coupled to the magnetic housing, which raises and lowers the plurality of linear rods within the magnetic housing, and a distal end, which acts as a valve for releasing the reactor chemistries and/or the purge gas from the exhaust outlets.
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FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic diagram showing a chemical deposition apparatus with a pedestal in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic diagram showing a chemical deposition apparatus without a pedestal in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of an apparatus with a plurality of conductance control assemblies in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a partial view of a ball valve assembly in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of a fluidic valve in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram of a fluidic valve in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a cavity of a chemical deposition apparatus having a rotary bearing with magnetic coupling in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion of the cavity ofFIG. 6 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a cavity of a chemical deposition apparatus having a linear magnetic coupling based valve in an open position in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. -
FIG. 9 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a cavity of a chemical deposition apparatus having a linear magnetic coupling based valve in a closed position in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. - In the following detailed disclosure, exemplary embodiments are set forth in order to provide an understanding of the apparatus and methods disclosed herein. However, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, that the exemplary embodiments may be practiced without these specific details or by using alternate elements or processes. In other instances, known processes, procedures, and/or components have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of embodiments disclosed herein.
- In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the apparatuses and associated methods disclosed herein can be used for conducting a chemical deposition such as a plasma enhanced chemical deposition. The apparatus and methods can be used in conjunction with a semiconductor fabrication based dielectric deposition process that requires separation of self-limiting deposition steps in a multi-step deposition process (for example, atomic layer deposition (ALD), plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD), pulsed deposition layer (PDL), or plasma enhanced pulsed deposition layer (PEPDL) processing), however they are not so limited.
- As indicated, present embodiments provide apparatus and associated methods for conducting a chemical deposition such as a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The apparatus and methods are particularly applicable for use in conjunction with semiconductor fabrication based dielectric deposition processes which require separation of self-limiting deposition steps in a multi-step deposition process (e.g., atomic layer deposition (ALD), plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD), plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), pulsed deposition layer (PDL), or plasma enhanced pulsed deposition layer (PEPDL) processing), however they are not so limited.
- The aforementioned processes can suffer from some drawbacks associated with nonuniform temperatures across a wafer or substrate receiving deposited material. For example, nonuniform temperatures may develop across a substrate when a passively heated showerhead, which is in thermal contact with surrounding chamber components, loses heat to the surrounding components. Therefore, the showerhead which forms an upper wall of a processing zone is preferably thermally isolated from the surrounding components such that an isothermal processing zone may be formed, thereby forming uniform temperatures across the substrate. The uniform temperatures across the substrate aid in the uniform processing of substrates wherein the substrate temperature provides activation energy for the deposition process and is therefore a control means for driving the deposition reaction.
- Further, there are generally two main types of deposition showerheads, the chandelier type and the flush mount. The chandelier showerheads have a stem attached to the top of the chamber on one end and the face plate on the other end, resembling a chandelier. A part of the stem may protrude the chamber top to enable connection of gas lines and RF power. The flush mount showerheads are integrated into the top of a chamber and do not have a stem. Present embodiments can pertain to a flush mount type showerhead wherein the flush mount showerhead reduces chamber volume which must be evacuated by a vacuum source during processing.
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FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams showing achemical deposition apparatus 100 in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein. As shown inFIGS. 1A and 1B , the chemical apparatus includes a chemical isolation chamber orhousing 110, adeposition chamber 120, ashowerhead module 130, and a movingpedestal module 140 that can be raised or lowered relative to theshowerhead module 130 to raise and lower a substrate (or wafer) 190 position on an upper surface of thepedestal module 140. Theshowerhead module 130 can also be vertically raised and lowered. Reactant material gases (not shown) are introduced into thesub-chamber 120 viagas lines 112. Each of thegas lines 112 may have a corresponding accumulator, which can be isolated from theapparatus 100 using isolation valves. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, theapparatus 100 can be modified to have one ormore gas lines 112 with isolation valves and accumulators, depending on the number of reactant gases used. Also reactantgas delivery lines 112 can be shared between a plurality of chemical deposition apparatuses or multi-station system. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the
chamber 120 can be evacuated through one ormore vacuum lines 160 that are connected to a vacuum source (not shown). For example, the vacuum source can be a vacuum pump (not shown). In multi-station reactors, for example, those having multiple stations orapparatuses 100 that perform the same deposition process, avacuum line 160 from another station may share a common foreline (e.g., vacuum line between vacuum pumps) with thevacuum line 160. In addition, theapparatus 100 can be modified to have one ormore vacuum lines 160 per station orapparatus 100. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, a plurality of
evacuation conduits 170 can be configured to be in fluid communication with one ormore exhaust outlets 174 within thefaceplate 136 of theshowerhead module 130. Theexhaust outlets 174 can be configured to remove process gases orreactor chemistries 192 from thecavity 150 between deposition processes. The plurality ofevacuation conduits 170 are also in fluid communication with the one ormore vacuum lines 160. Theevacuation conduits 170 can be spaced circumferentially around thesubstrate 190 and may be evenly spaced. In some instances, the spacing of plurality ofconduits 170 may be designed to compensate for the locations of thevacuum lines 160. Because there are generallyfewer vacuum lines 160 than there are plurality ofconduits 170, the flow through theconduit 170 nearest to avacuum line 160 may be higher than one further away. To ensure a smooth flow pattern, theconduits 170 may be spaced closer together if they are further away from thevacuum lines 160. An exemplary embodiment of achemical deposition apparatus 100 including a plurality ofconduits 170 including a variable flow conductor can be found in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 7,993,457, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. - Embodiments disclosed herein are preferably implemented in a plasma enhanced chemical deposition apparatus (i.e. PECVD apparatus, PEALD apparatus, or PEPDL apparatus). Such an apparatus may take different forms wherein the apparatus can include one or more chambers or “reactors” (sometimes including multiple stations, or deposition chambers as described above) that house one or more substrates and are suitable for substrate processing. Each chamber may house one or more substrates for processing. The one or more chambers maintain the substrate in a defined position or positions (with or without motion within that position, e.g. rotation, vibration, or other agitation). In one embodiment, a
substrate 190 undergoing deposition and treatment can be transferred from one station (e.g. deposition chamber) to another within the apparatus during the process. While in process, eachsubstrate 190 is held in place by apedestal module 140, wafer chuck and/or other wafer holding apparatus. For example, for operations in which thesubstrate 190 is to be heated, theapparatus 100 may include a heater such as a heating plate. - The
pedestal module 140 is lowered to receive and/or discharge a substrate or wafer from an upper surface of thepedestal module 140. In the lower position, a substrate is placed on the surface of thepedestal module 140, which is then raised vertically upward towards theshowerhead module 130. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the distance between anupper surface 142 of thepedestal module 140 and alower surface 132 of theshowerhead module 130, which forms acavity 150 can be about 0.2 inches (5 millimeters) to about 0.6 inches (15.25 millimeters). - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the
showerhead module 130 is configured to deliver reactor chemistries to the cavity (or reactor chamber) 150. Theshowerhead module 130 can include afaceplate 136 having a plurality of inlets or throughholes 138 and abacking plate 139. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, thefaceplate 136 can be a single plate having a plurality of inlets or throughholes 138 and thestep 135, which extends around theouter periphery 137 of thefaceplate 136. Alternatively, thestep 135 can be aseparate ring 133, which is secured to a lower surface of anouter portion 131 of thefaceplate 136. For example, thestep 135 can be secured to theouter portion 131 of thefaceplate 136 with ascrew 143. An exemplary embodiment of ashowerhead module 130 for distribution of process gases including afaceplate 136 havingconcentric exhaust outlets 174 can be found in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,614,026, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. For example, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment, theexhaust outlets 174 surround the plurality ofinlets 138. - In an exemplary embodiment, the temperature inside the
chamber 120 can be maintained through a heating mechanism in theshowerhead module 130 and/or thepedestal module 140. For example, thesubstrate 190 can be located in an isothermal environment wherein theshowerhead module 130 and thepedestal module 140 are configured to maintain thesubstrate 190 at a desired temperature. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, theshowerhead module 130 can be heated to greater than 250° C., and/or thepedestal module 140 can be heated to greater than 250° C. Thedeposition chamber 120 serves to contain the plasma generated by a capacitively coupled plasma type system including theshowerhead module 130 working in conjunction with thepedestal module 140. - RF source(s), such as a high-frequency (HF) RF generator, connected to a matching network (not shown), and a low-frequency (LF) RF generator are connected to
showerhead module 130. The power and frequency supplied by matching network is sufficient to generate a plasma from the process gas/vapor. In a preferred embodiment, both the HF generator and the LF generator are used. In a typical process, the HF generator is operated generally at frequencies of about 2-100 MHz; in a preferred embodiment at 13.56 MHz. The LF generator is operated generally at about 50 kHz to 2 MHz; in a preferred embodiment at about 350 to 600 kHz. The process parameters may be scaled based on the chamber volume, substrate size, and other factors. For example, power outputs of LF and HF generators are typically directly proportional to the deposition surface area of the substrate. For example, the power used on 300 mm wafers will generally be at least 2.25 higher than the power used for 200 mm wafers. Similarly, the flow rates, such as standard vapor pressure, will depend on the free volume of the vacuum chamber ordeposition chamber 120. - Within the
deposition chamber 120, thepedestal module 140 supports thesubstrate 190 on which materials may be deposited. Thepedestal module 140 typically includes a chuck, a fork, or lift pins to hold and transfer the substrate during and between the deposition and/or plasma treatment reactions. Thepedestal module 140 may include an electrostatic chuck, a mechanical chuck, or various other types of chuck as are available for use in the industry and/or research. Thepedestal module 140 can be coupled with a heater block for heating thesubstrate 190 to a desired temperature. Generally, thesubstrate 190 is maintained at a temperature of about 25° C. to 500° C. depending on the material to be deposited. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the
deposition chamber 120 includes one or moreconductance control assemblies 200, which are configured to control and regulate chamber pressure within thedeposition chamber 120 during flow of process material gas or reactor chemistries (e.g., a dosing step) and a reaction or plasma step (e.g., reaction step), which causes a film to form on the wafer orsubstrate 190, and evacuation or purging (e.g., a purging step) of the process material gases or reactor chemistries. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the evacuation or purging of thechamber 120 uses an inert or purge gas. For example, as shown inFIGS. 2-9 , theconductance control assemblies 200, can include one or more ball valve assemblies 300 (FIGS. 2 and 3 ), one or more fluidic valves 400 (FIGS. 4 and 5 ), and/or one or more rotary, azimuthal, and/orlinear valves 500, 600 (FIGS. 6-9 ) as disclosed herein. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the plurality ofexhaust conduits 170 can be located either axially and/or above to thesubstrate 190 and can include one or more conduits and/or channels, which are in fluid connection with theconductance control assemblies 200. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the plurality ofexhaust conduits 170 are connected to thevacuum lines 160 via a conduit or path around and/or below an edge of thesubstrate 190 on thepedestal module 140. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, for example, the one ormore conductance assemblies 200 can have minimum to maximum conductance ranges by three (3) orders of magnitude. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of thechemical deposition apparatus 100 having a plurality ofconductance control assemblies 200 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. As shown inFIG. 2 , thechemical deposition apparatus 100 includes a chemical isolation chamber orhousing 110, adeposition chamber 120, ashowerhead module 130, a movingpedestal module 140 that can be raised or lowered relative to theshowerhead module 130 to raise and lower a substrate or wafer (not shown) position on an upper surface of thepedestal module 140, and a plurality ofconductance control assemblies 200. The plurality ofconductance control assemblies 200 can be symmetrically placed around an outer edge of theshowerhead module 130 and are fluidly connected to thedeposition chamber 120 to one or more vacuum lines 160. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the plurality ofconductance control assemblies 200 can be configured to provide achemical deposition apparatus 100 having a low conductance of process material gas during deposition and a high conductance during evacuation or purging of the reactor chemistries. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the
showerhead module 130 can include afaceplate 136 having a plurality of through holes orinlets 138 and an outer row ofconcentric exhaust outlets 174, abacking plate 139 and atop plate 145. An exemplary embodiment of ashowerhead 130 for distribution of process gases including afaceplate 136 havingconcentric exhaust outlets 174 can be found in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,614,026, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, an exhaust passage 440 (FIG. 5 ) connects theexhaust outlets 174 to anexhaust conduit 426 in thebacking plate 139 and/or atop plate 145 above the backing plate 139 (not shown). In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, eachexhaust gas passage 440 can include aconductance control assembly 200, (one ball per passage, one jet of purge gas per passage, one variable zone along a gas passage). - For example, if the module has two
vacuum connections 160 and twoexhaust conduits 170, there could be a number ofexhaust outlets 174 in thefaceplate 136 in fluid communication with eachexhaust conduit 170. For example, the plurality ofconductance control assemblies 200 can be between 2 and 10, more preferably 4 to 8, and most preferably 6 for anapparatus 100, wherein each of the plurality ofconductance control assemblies 200 is fluidly connected to two or moreexhaust outlets 174 within thefaceplate 136, for example, 2 to 20exhaust outlets 174 for each of the plurality ofconductance control assemblies 200. In another embodiment, each of the plurality ofconductance control assemblies 200 can be fluidly connected to asingle exhaust outlet 174 withinfaceplate 136 of theshowerhead module 130, for example, the showerhead module can include 10 to 120conductance control assemblies 200, and more preferably 20 to 80conduction control assemblies 200. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a partial view of a conductance control assembly in the form of aball valve assembly 300 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. As shown inFIG. 3 , theball valve assembly 300 includes ahousing 310 having aconduit 320 in fluid communication with thecavity 150, ahousing 330 having aconical portion 332 on a lower portion thereof andcylindrical housing 334 on an upper portion thereof. Theconical portion 332 has an outlet or opening 340 on a lower portion thereof, which is in fluid communication with theconduit 320. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, an upper portion oroutlet 360 of thehousing 330 is in fluid communication with one or more vacuum lines 160. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, a cylindrical ball or
spherical body 350 is located within thecylindrical housing 330 and is configured to rest within theconical portion 332 of thehousing 330. Each of the balls orspherical bodies 350 based on their weight and/or size are configured to block the outlet oropening 340, at or below a first pressure and flow rate within thecavity 150 and upon exceeding the first pressure and flow rate, the one or more of the balls orspherical bodies 350 will begin to float or raise upward providing an opening between a lower surface of the ball orspherical body 350 and the outlet or opening 340 to allow reactor chemistries and/or purge gas to flow from thecavity 150 into the one or more vacuum lines 160. For example, during the dosing step or process, the pressure and flow rate of the reactor chemistries and/or purge gas within thecavity 150 can be low enough that thespherical bodies 350 do not move or rise upward allowing the reactor chemistries to be confined within thecavity 150. However, during the purging step, the pressure within thecavity 150 in combination with the flow rate of the purging gas into thecavity 150 can exceed the first pressure and flow rate, which displaces the spherical bodies. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the number of
ball valve assemblies 300 for a givenchemical deposition apparatus 100 can be between 2 and 10 based on the number ofexhaust conduits 170, which can be spaced circumferentially around thesubstrate 190 and may be evenly spaced. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, each of theball valve assemblies 300 can be configured to be fluidly connected to one or more evacuation conduits (not shown), which are configured to evacuate reactor chemistries from thecavity 150 during a purging process. - The weight of the spherical bodies or
balls 350 can be designed to mimic valve actuation at the purge gas flow rate. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, each of the plurality of cylindrical balls orspherical bodies 350 is made of a corrosion resistant material, such as aluminum oxide (Al2O3), for example, a sapphire spherical body or ball. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, each of theball valve assemblies 300 is configured to lift upward only during purging of thecavity 150. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, during deposition of chemical reactant gases, the spherical bodies orballs 350 remain within theconical portion 332 of thehousing 330, and based on the weight and/or size of the spherical bodies orballs 350, they block the outlet oropening 340 preventing the release or flow of reactant gases into the forelines of the vacuum system. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, aninlet 322 of theconduit 320 of theball valve assemblies 300 is located as close are possible to thecavity 150. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the number of the
ball valve assemblies 300 can be between 2 and 10, more preferably 4 to 8, and most preferably 6, for anapparatus 100. Each of the plurality ofball valve assemblies 300 is fluidly connected to two or moreexhaust outlets 174, for example, 2 to 20exhaust outlets 174. In an exemplary embodiment, each of the plurality ofball valve assemblies 300 can be fluidly connected to asingle exhaust outlet 174 within thefaceplate 136 of theshowerhead module 130, and can be 10 to 120ball valve assemblies 300, and more preferably 20 to 80ball valve assemblies 300. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of
conductance control assemblies 300 can be a gravity based mechanical check valve, for example, a spring loaded ball valve, which opens upon reaching a predetermined pressure within thecavity 150. -
FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of achemical deposition apparatus 100 having a conductance control assembly in the form of a fluidic valve 400 (FIG. 5 ). Thefluidic valve 400 uses a modulating gas flow from a series of disturbed flow outlets, which are sized and placed such that the modulating flow creates a jet or stream that interacts with the flow exiting thecavity 150 creating a local pressure drop. For example, for a given modulating flow as the chamber flow rate increases at a particular point, the modulating flow jet is distributed and transition point occurs after which the presence of the modulating flow does not contribute to the overall pressure drop at the exit of thecavity 150. Hence, below the transition point, thefluidic valve 400 can be used as a flow restriction device, which enables a quick rise in pressure within thecavity 150. In addition, thecavity 150 can be purged efficiently without changing modulating flow rate, which permits a faster rise in pressure during the processing or dosing step without sacrificing purge ability in the next step. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the
fluidic valves 400 can be located within atop plate 145 with purge gas conduits and tubes extending into theexhaust conduit 170 between thebacking plate 139 and thetop plate 145 with jets of modulating gas opposing gas flow out of exhaust passages inbacking plate 139. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, thereactor chemistries 192 in the form of an exhaust gas travels from theexhaust outlet 174 infaceplate 136 through aplenum 450 between thefaceplate 136 and thebacking plate 139 and then out anexhaust passage 426 in thebacking plate 139 at which point its flow is impeded by the opposing jet flow of the modulating gas from a modulatinggas supply 402. - As shown in
FIG. 4 , thechemical deposition apparatus 100 includes a chemical isolation chamber orhousing 110, adeposition chamber 120, ashowerhead module 130, a movingpedestal module 140 that can be raised or lowered relative to theshowerhead module 130 to raise and lower a substrate or wafer (not shown) positioned on an upper surface of thepedestal module 140, and a plurality offluidic valves 400. In addition, a modulating gas or purgegas supply line 402 is connected to an upper portion of each of thefluidic valves 400. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the
fluidic valve 400 is incorporated into the gas or pressure control system ofdeposition chamber 120. Thefluidic valve 400 enables conductance control locally at the exit of thedeposition chamber 120 with minimal additional gas usage and minimal added volume to thecavity 150. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, this can be achieved by the use of a modulating gas flow from a series of distributedfluidic valves 400. Theoutlets 416 of thefluidic valves 400 can be sized and placed such that the modulating flow creates a jet that interacts with the flow exiting from withincavity 150 creating a local pressure drop and/or conductance change. -
FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram of afluidic valve 400 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. As shown inFIG. 5 , thefluidic valve 400 includes a modulatinggas portion 410 and achamber outflow portion 420. The modulatinggas portion 410 is fluidly connected to a modulatinggas supply 402 via one or more conduits or gas supply lines 404. The modulatinggas supply 402 supplies a modulatinggas 406 preferably in for the form of an inert gas, for example, nitrogen (N2) or Argon (Ar). - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the modulating
gas portion 410 has a modulatinginlet 412, which receives the modulating gas via the one or more conduits or gas supply lines 404, aninner cavity 413, at least oneinlet 414 and at least oneoutlet 416. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the at least oneinlet 414 and the at least oneoutlet 416 are cylindrical holes within the modulatinggas portion 410 of thefluidic valve 400 forming aconduit 418. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the at least oneoutlet 416 has a smaller diameter than the at least oneinlet 412, which focuses the modulatinggas 406 and forms a jet or stream of modulatinggas 406, which is in fluid communication with thereactor gas flow 408 from the wafer orchamber cavity 150. The modulatinggas 406 and thereactor gas flow 408 are combined within a cavity orexhaust conduit 170, which is in fluid communication with the one or morevacuum gas lines 160. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the
chamber outflow portion 420 is fluidly connected to thecavity 150 and includes one ormore flow conduits 426, which receives the reactor gas from thecavity 150. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, each of the one ormore flow conduits 426 has aninlet 424 and anoutlet 422. Theinlet 424 and theoutlet 422 of theflow conduits 426 are preferably equal in diameter. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, theinlet 424 of the one ormore flow conduits 426 is fluidly connected to arecess portion 450 of theshowerhead module 130. Therecess portion 450 is fluidly connected to one ormore conduits 440, and wherein each of the one ormore conduits 440 has aninlet 442 and anoutlet 444 in fluid communication with thecavity 150. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the jet or stream of modulating
gas 406 blocks the flow of thereactor gas flow 408 from thecavity 150, which increase the resistance and ability for thereactor gas flow 408 to escape or be released from thecavity 150. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, as thereactor gas flow 408 increases, at a certain point, the modulatinggas 406 is pushed away (for example, the jet gets disturbed by the increasing flow) and thereactor gas flow 408 encounters less resistance. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the transition point can be effectively modulated by adjusting or changing the flow rate of the modulatinggas 406 in comparison to the flow rate of the chamber orreactor gas flow 408, dimensions of theoutlet 416, and/or distance between theoutlet 416 of the modulatinggas portion 410 and theoutlet 422 of the flow conduits (or reactor exit plane) 426. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the flow rates of the modulating
gas 406 and the chamber orreactor gas flow 408 can be controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the modulatinggas 406 in conjunction with a size or diameter of the correspondinginlets outlets portion 410 and thechamber portion 420 of thefluidic valve 400. In addition, the performance of thefluidic valve 400 can be controlled or varied based on the foreline pressure of the one ormore vacuum lines 160, for example, the lower foreline pressure, the better the restriction performance. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the
fluidic valve 400 provides the ability to reduce chemical or processing gas usage, for processes, such as ALD, and can also increase the number ofsubstrates 190, which can be processed. In addition, theapparatus 100 with afluidic valve 400 having a modulatinggas 406 as disclosed herein can reduce the time required to increase the pressure of thecavity 150 for the dosing step. For example, throughput (i.e., the number of wafer or substrate processed in a given time frame, can be improved due to a reduction in dose time. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of
fluidic valves 400 are symmetrically placed around an outer edge of theshowerhead module 130 and are fluidly connected to thecavity 150 and one ormore vacuum lines 160 via one ormore exhaust conduits 170. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the number offluidic valves 400 is equal in number to the number of outlets orconduits 440 within a recess portion 430 of theshowerhead module 130. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, the plurality offluidic valves 400 can be 10 to 120fluidic valves 400, and more preferably 20 to 80fluidic valves 400. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, for anapparatus 100, wherein each of the plurality offluidic valves 400 are fluidly connected to twomore evacuation conduits 440, the number offluidic valves 400 can be for example, between 2 and 10. -
FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view of achemical deposition apparatus 100 having a rotary orazimuthal valve 500 having a magnetic coupling in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. As shown inFIG. 6 , thechemical deposition apparatus 100 includes a chemical isolation chamber orhousing 110 having acavity 150, ashowerhead module 130, a moving pedestal module (not shown) that can be raised or lowered relative to theshowerhead module 130 to raise and lower a substrate or wafer (not shown) position on an upper surface of the pedestal module and a rotary orazimuthal valve 500. -
FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion of therotary valve 500 of thechemical deposition apparatus 100 as shown inFIG. 7 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. As shown inFIG. 7 , therotary valve 500 includes an upper rotating or azimuthal plate or ring 510 (or rotating plate in atmosphere) having at least onerotary bearing 512, for example, an X-type thin section bearing, and a lower rotating or azimuthal plate or ring 520 (or rotating plate in vacuum) having a least onerotary bearing 530. The lower rotating plate orring 520 includes a plurality of conduits orpassages 540, which is configured to receive reactor chemistries from thecavity 150 via acorresponding evacuation conduit 174. Each of the plurality ofpassages 540 has aninlet 542 on a lower surface and anoutlet 544 on an upper surface. Theoutlets 544 are in fluid communication with an inner cavity orplenum 550, which is in fluid communication with the one or more vacuum gas lines 160 (not shown) viaexhaust conduits 170. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the upper rotating plate orring 510 of therotary valve 500 can be driven by a flexure, or alternatively, the upper rotating plate orring 510 can be integrated into a pulley driven plate with integrated flexure or bearing elements. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, each of the plurality of
evacuation conduits 175 also includes aninlet 176 in fluid communication with thecavity 150 and anoutlet 178, which is in fluid communication with theinlets 542 of thelower plate 520. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, theoutlets 178 are concentrically located around thecavity 150 and circumferentially spaced apart and radially extendingexhaust passages 180 connect thecavity 150 to theevacuation conduits 175. Theexhaust passages 180 extend from an outer edge of thecavity 150 radially outward to the plurality ofevacuation conduits 175 - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of
evacuation conduits 175 can be aligned with the plurality ofpassages 540 in the lower plate orring 510, such that upon rotation of the lower plate orring 510, the alignment of theoutlets 178 of the plurality ofevacuation conduits 175 and theinlets 542 of the lower plate or ring 510 changes the conductance of the rotary orazimuthal plate 500. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, thelower plate 520 acts as a local conductance control assembly or valve. The conductance at the plurality ofevacuation conduits 175, for example, reactor exit, from one step or process to the next is controlled by the features of therotating plates conduits 174 which constitute the reactor exit are aligned (or not) with the features or plurality ofpassages 540 on the reactor exit portion of the lower rotating orazimuthal plate 520. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of
evacuation conduits 175 and/or the plurality ofpassages 540 can be round holes, ovals, or other sized apertures. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the plurality ofevacuation conduits 175 andpassages 540 can number between about 60 and 120, and most preferably about 90. In addition, by changing the size and shape of the plurality ofevacuation conduits 175 and the plurality ofpassages 540, the conductance of therotary valve 500 can be adjusted as desired. For example, the minimum conductance can be lowered by reducing the number of conduits and holes 174, 540, the sizes of the conduits and holes 174, 540, and/or the cross-sectional shape of the conduits and holes 174, 540. - In use, upon rotation of the
upper plate 510 in either a clockwise or counter clockwise direction, a corresponding rotation of thelower plate 520 occurs. The rotation of thelower plate 520 causes a change in the relative positions of theoutlets 178 of theevacuation conduits 175 relative to theinlets 542 of the plurality ofpassages 540 within thelower plate 540. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the relative positions of theoutlets 178 of theevacuation conduits 175 to theinlets 542 of thepassages 540 controls the flow or conductance of thereactor chemistries 192 from thecavity 150. If theoutlets 178 and theinlets 542 are aligned with one another, a maximum flow can occur. Alternatively, if theoutlet 178 and theinlets 542 are only partially aligned, a reduced flow can occur. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the upper and the
lower plates apparatus 100. In addition, the system ofrotary plates conductance control assembly 200 having features including a desirable opening and closing speed, and frequency response, which can improve throughput for theapparatus 100. The shape and mass of the rotary plates (moment of inertia) 510, 520 can also be sized to fit within thechemical isolation chamber 110. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, each of the upper and the
lower plates lower plates upper plate 510 causes a corresponding rotation of thelower plate 520. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, theplate 520 rotating in vacuum can be magnetically coupled to theplate 510 rotating on the atmospheric side, which can be driven by a rotating means or known method such as pulleys, motors, belt drives. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the upper and
lower plates upper plate 510 can be driven by a screw type motion, for example, by a rotating means or known method such as pulleys, motors, belt drives, which can be useful for fast changes in conductance. -
FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of adeposition chamber 120 andcavity 150 of achemical deposition apparatus 100 having a linearmagnetic coupling valve valve 600A) and a closed position (right valve 600B) in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. As shown inFIG. 9 , the linearmagnetic coupling valve ring 610 having a plurality oflinear rods 620, which are configured to be magnetically raised and lowered within a plurality ofexhaust channels 624, which are configured to act as a valve to release reactor chemistries from thecavity 150 in an open position and prevent reactor chemistries from escaping from thecavity 150 in a closed position. - In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of
exhaust channels 624 are fluidly connected to a plurality of exhaust passage 180 (FIG. 7 ), which are concentrically located around thecavity 150. Theexhaust passages 180 extend from an outer edge of thecavity 150 radially outward to the plurality ofexhaust channels 624. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, anupper portion 622 of the each of thelinear rods 620 is magnetically coupled to amagnetic housing 630. Themagnetic housing 630 upon activation thereof is configured to raise and lower the plurality oflinear rods 620 via magnetic coupling, which acts as a valve to release reactant gases from within thecavity 150 via theevacuation conduit 650 into theinner cavity 640. Theapparatus 100 also include anexhaust conduit 170, which is in fluid communication with thecavity 150 and aninner cavity 640. -
FIG. 9 illustrates a cross-sectional view of acavity 150 of achemical deposition apparatus 100 having alinear valve 600B in a closed position in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. As shown inFIG. 9 , each of the plurality oflinear rods 620 has aproximal end 623 and adistal end 625. Each of the plurality oflinear rods 620 also includes aproximal portion 626, which is configured to be magnetically coupled to amagnetic housing 630, which raises and lowers thelinear rods 620 within themagnetic housing 630. Adistal end 625 of each of thelinear rods 620 acts a choke or valve for reactor chemistries within thedeposition chamber 120 and/orcavity 150. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, upon lifting or raising thedistal end 625 of each of thelinear rods 620, reactor chemistries and/or purge gas is released from thedeposition chamber 120 and/orcavity 150 to theinner cavity 640 via anexhaust passage 180. - Also disclosed herein is a method of processing a semiconductor substrate in a processing apparatus. The method comprises supplying reactor chemistries from the reactor chemistries source into the deposition chamber, and processing a semiconductor substrate in the plasma processing chamber. The method preferably comprises plasma processing the substrate wherein RF energy is applied to the reactor chemistries using an RF generator which generates the plasma in the deposition chamber.
- When the word “about” is used in this specification in connection with a numerical value, it is intended that the associated numerical value include a tolerance of ±10% around the stated numerical value.
- Moreover, when the words “generally”, “relatively”, and “substantially” are used in connection with geometric shapes, it is intended that precision of the geometric shape is not required but that latitude for the shape is within the scope of the disclosure. When used with geometric terms, the words “generally”, “relatively”, and “substantially” are intended to encompass not only features which meet the strict definitions but also features which fairly approximate the strict definitions.
- While the plasma processing apparatus including an isothermal deposition chamber has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made, and equivalents employed, without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
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CN113186519A (en) | 2021-07-30 |
KR20220018530A (en) | 2022-02-15 |
JP2018152577A (en) | 2018-09-27 |
KR20210029176A (en) | 2021-03-15 |
KR102224889B1 (en) | 2021-03-08 |
KR20150004771A (en) | 2015-01-13 |
JP6574020B2 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
SG10201403692RA (en) | 2015-02-27 |
SG10201802646PA (en) | 2018-05-30 |
US9490149B2 (en) | 2016-11-08 |
TWI676708B (en) | 2019-11-11 |
TWI650444B (en) | 2019-02-11 |
CN110158061A (en) | 2019-08-23 |
CN104278253A (en) | 2015-01-14 |
CN110158061B (en) | 2021-06-18 |
JP2015015469A (en) | 2015-01-22 |
TW201907051A (en) | 2019-02-16 |
US20150011095A1 (en) | 2015-01-08 |
KR102490167B1 (en) | 2023-01-18 |
CN104278253B (en) | 2019-05-31 |
JP6335688B2 (en) | 2018-05-30 |
CN113186519B (en) | 2023-06-20 |
TW201512451A (en) | 2015-04-01 |
KR102358027B1 (en) | 2022-02-08 |
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