Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
  • C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M129/68—Esters
  • C10M129/76—Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
  • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/124—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/144—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
  • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/08—Amides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/08—Amides
  • C10M2215/082—Amides containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/086—Imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/12—Partial amides of polycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/049—Phosphite
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/063—Ammonium or amine salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives

Definitions

• the invention relates to industrial gear oil compositions that have been specially designed to have improved friction and/or antiwear properties. That is the industrial gear oil compositions of the invention provide good performance and/or protection in the areas of friction and/or antiwear due to the use of a synergistic combination of additives.
• the industrial gear oil compositions of the invention utilize a combination of certain phosphorus-containing compounds and derivatives of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid, to provide a synergistic improvement in friction and/or antiwear properties.
• One means of protecting an industrial gearbox and extending the life of the fluid lubricating them is to reduce the temperature at which it operates. It is generally known that extended exposure to the high temperatures that industrial gearboxes commonly operate under increases the wear and tear on the components of the gearboxes, eventually leading to failure. This negative impact of high operating temperature is the result of multiple forces, including but not limited to the fact that the high temperatures can accelerate the break-down of the protective additives and increase the oxidation of the base fluid present in the industrial gearbox lubricant, thus leaving the parts of the gearbox less protected over time. Reducing the operating temperature of an industrial gearbox will result in improved performance over time.
• Another means of protecting an industrial gearbox and extending the life of the fluid lubricating them is to improve the protection the moving parts have from friction and wear, which can lead to part failure and shorter service life.
• the industrial gearbox lubricant compositions of the present invention which utilize a synergistic combination of additives, can provide a reduction in industrial gearbox operating temperature and/or better protection the moving parts of the industrial gearbox from friction and wear, with no other changes to equipment operating conditions.
• the invention provides industrial gear oil compositions designed to provide improved friction performance while still providing comparable wear protection. Improved friction performance can result in reduced operating temperatures, which can reduce high temperature related wear on lubricants and equipment and extend the service life of the fluid and/or equipment.
• the invention provides an industrial gear oil composition that includes: (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a phosphorus-containing compound; and (c) a derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid, where component (b) is present in the industrial gear oil composition at more than 0.3 percent by weight, and component (b) and component (c) combined are present in the industrial gear oil composition at 0.6 percent by weight or more.
• component (b) is present in the industrial gear oil composition at no more than 5 percent by weight, and in other embodiments at no more than (or even less than) 4, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.75, 1.2 or even 1 percent by weight of the overall composition.
• component (b) and component (c) combined are present in the industrial gear oil composition at no more than 10 percent by weight, and in other embodiments at no more than 5, 4, or even 3 percent by weight of the overall composition. In some embodiments component (b) is present in the industrial gear oil composition from 0.3 to 1.2 percent by weight, or from 0.3 to 1.1, or from 0.3 to 1.0 percent by weight.
• the invention provides for the industrial gear oil compositions described herein where the oil of lubricating viscosity includes mineral base oil.
• the invention provides for the industrial gear oil compositions described herein where the oil of lubricating viscosity includes synthetic base oil and/or fluid.
• the invention provides for the industrial gear oil compositions described herein where the phosphorus-containing compound includes an alkyl phosphite, a phosphoric acid ester, an amine salt of a phosphoric acid ester, phosphonates, or some combination thereof.
• a triphosphate is used in combination with the phosphorus-containing compound described herein.
• the phosphorus-containing compound is free of any a triphosphates.
• the invention provides for the industrial gear oil compositions described herein where the phosphorus-containing compound includes alkyl phosphites.
• the invention provides for the industrial gear oil compositions described herein where the derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid, includes a compound derived from a hydroxy-carboxylic acid represented by the formula:
• a and b may be independently integers of 1 to 5;
• X may be an aliphatic or alicyclic group, or an aliphatic or alicyclic group containing an oxygen atom in the carbon chain, or a substituted group of the foregoing types, said group containing up to 6 carbon atoms and having a+b available points of attachment;
• each Y may be independently —O—, >NH, or >NR 3 or two Y's together representing the nitrogen of an imide structure R 4 —N ⁇ formed between two carbonyl groups; and each R 3 and R 4 may be independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, provided that at least one R 1 and R 3 group may be a hydrocarbyl group;
• each R 2 may be independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group or an acyl group, further provided that at least one —OR 2 group is located on a carbon atom within X that is ⁇ or ⁇ to at least one of the —C(O)—Y—R 1 groups, and
• the invention provides for the industrial gear oil compositions described herein where the derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid, comprises a compound derived from a hydroxy-carboxylic acid represented by the formula:
• each R 5 is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, or wherein the R 5 groups together form a ring, and where the hydroxy-carboxylic acid is reacted with an alcohol and/or an amine, via a condensation reaction, to form the derivative of the hydroxy-carboxylic acid.
• the invention provides for the industrial gear oil compositions described herein where the derivative of hydroxycarboxylic acid includes an imide, a di-ester, a di-amide, an imide amide, an imide ester or an ester-amide derivative of tartaric acid or citric acid.
• compositions described herein where the composition further comprises (d), one or more additional additives.
• Component (d) may include one or more sulfurized olefins, phosphoric acid esters, thiophosphates, thiophosphoric acid esters and/or amine salts thereof, thiadiazoles and/or substituted thiadiazole, tolyltriazoles and/or substituted triazoles, polyethers, alkenyl amines and/or polyolefin amide alkenamines, ester copolymers, carboxylic esters, dispersants, anitfoams, hydrocarbon polymers, a sulfurized fatty ester, and or any combination thereof.
• the invention provides for the industrial gear oil compositions described herein where the weight ratio of component (b) to component (c) in the industrial gear oil composition is from 1:30 to 30:1.
• the invention provides for the industrial gear oil compositions described herein where component (b) is present from 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of the overall industrial gear oil composition, and component (c) is present from 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of the overall industrial gear oil composition.
• the invention further provides a process of making any of industrial gear oil compositions described herein, where the process includes the step of: (1) mixing: (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a phosphorus-containing compound; and (c) a derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid; resulting in an industrial gear oil composition.
• the invention further provides a method of improving the friction and/or antiwear properties of an industrial gear oil composition, where the method includes the step of: (1) mixing: (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a phosphorus-containing compound; and (c) a derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid; resulting in an industrial gear oil composition with improved friction and antiwear properties of the composition.
• the invention provides a method of improving the friction properties of an industrial gear oil composition.
• the invention provides a method of improving the antiwear properties of an industrial gear oil composition.
• the invention provides a method of improving the friction and antiwear properties of an industrial gear oil composition.
• the invention further provides the use of an additive package to improve the friction and/or antiwear properties of an industrial gear oil composition, where the industrial gear oil composition includes (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; and where the additive package includes (b) a phosphorus-containing compound and (c) a derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid.
• the invention provides a use of the described additive package to improve the friction properties of an industrial gear oil composition.
• the invention provides a use of the described additive package to improve the antiwear properties of an industrial gear oil composition.
• the invention provides a use of the described additive package to improve the friction and antiwear properties of an industrial gear oil composition.
• the invention provides an industrial gear oil composition that includes: (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a phosphorus-containing compound; and (c) a derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid.
• compositions of the invention include an oil of lubricating viscosity.
• the oil of lubricating viscosity can be present in a major amount, for a lubricant composition, or in a concentrate forming amount, for a concentrate and/or additive composition.
• the industrial gear oil compositions of the invention may be either lubricant compositions or concentrate and/or additive compositions.
• Suitable oils include natural and synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereof.
• the oil of lubricating viscosity is generally present in a major amount (i.e. an amount greater than 50 percent by weight).
• the oil of lubricating viscosity is present in an amount of 75 to 98 percent by weight, and often greater than 80 percent by weight of the overall composition.
• the oil of lubricating viscosity may include natural and synthetic oils, oil derived from hydrocracking, hydrogenation, and hydrofinishing, unrefined, refined and re-refined oils or mixtures thereof.
• Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source generally without (or with little) further purification treatment.
• Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Purification techniques are known in the art and include solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation and similar processes.
• Re-refined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils, and are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils. Re-refined oils are often are processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.
• Natural oils useful as the oil of lubricating viscosity include animal oils and vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil, lard oil), mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic naphthenic types and oils derived from coal or shale or mixtures thereof.
• animal oils and vegetable oils e.g., castor oil, lard oil
• mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic naphthenic types and oils derived from coal or shale or mixtures thereof.
• Synthetic oils of lubricating viscosity include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerised olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propyleneisobutylene copolymers); poly(1-hexenes), poly(1-octenes), poly(1-decenes), and mixtures thereof; alkyl-benzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)-benzenes); polyphenyls (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenyls); alkylated biphenyl ethers and alkylated biphenyl sulfides and the derivatives, analogs and homologs thereof or mixtures thereof.
• hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerised ole
• the oil of lubricating viscosity used in the invention is a synthetic oil that includes polymerized polyisobutylene, and in some embodiments the oil of lubricating viscosity used in the invention is a synthetic oil that includes polymerized polyisobutylene and a polyalphaolefin.
• Another synthetic oil of lubricating viscosity includes polyol esters other than the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol as disclosed herein, dicarboxylic esters, liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids (e.g., tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and the diethyl ester of decane phosphonic acid), or polymeric tetrahydrofurans.
• Synthetic conventional oil of lubricating viscosity also includes those produced by Fischer-Tropsch reactions and typically may be hydroisomerised Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons or waxes.
• the oil of lubricating viscosity may be prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch gas-to-liquid synthetic procedure as well as other gas-to-liquid oils.
• Oils of lubricating viscosity may further be defined as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines.
• the five base oil groups are as follows: Group I (sulfur content>0.03 percent by weight, and/or ⁇ 90 percent by weight saturates, viscosity index 80-120); Group II (sulfur content ⁇ 0.03 percent by weight and ⁇ 90 percent by weight saturates, viscosity index 80-120); Group III (sulfur content ⁇ 0.03 percent by weight and ⁇ 90 percent by weight saturates, viscosity index ⁇ 120); Group IV (all polyalphaolefins, or PAO, such as PAO-2, PAO-4, PAO-5, PAO-6, PAO-7 or PAO-8); and Group V (which encompasses “all others”).
• PAO polyalphaolefins, or PAO, such as PAO-2, PAO-4, PAO-5, PAO-6, PAO-7 or PAO-8
• Group V which encompasses “
• the oil of lubricating viscosity includes API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, Group V oil or mixtures thereof.
• the oil of lubricating viscosity is an API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV oil or mixtures thereof.
• the oil of lubricating viscosity is often an API Group II, Group III or Group IV oil or mixtures thereof.
• the lubricating oil component of the present invention includes a Group II or Group III base oil, or a combination thereof.
• the oil can also be derived from the hydroisomerization of wax, such as slack wax or a Fischer-Tropsch synthesized wax.
• Such “Gas-to-Liquid” oils are typically characterized as Group III.
• compositions of the present invention may include some amount of Group I base oils, and even Group IV and Group V base oils.
• the lubricating oil component of the invention contains no more than 20, 10, 5, or even 1 percent by weight Group I base oil. These limits may also apply to Group IV or Group V base oils.
• the lubricating oil present in the compositions of the invention is at least 60, 70, 80, 90, or even 98 percent by weight Group II and/or Group III base oil.
• the lubricating oil present in the compositions of the invention is essentially only Group II and/or Group III base oil, where small amounts of other types of base oils may be present but not in amounts that significantly impact the properties or performance of the overall composition.
• compositions of the invention include some amount of Group I and/or Group II base oils.
• compositions of the invention are lubricating compositions where the oil of lubricating viscosity is primarily Group I and/or Group II base oils, or even essentially Group I and/or Group II base oils, or even exclusively Group I and/or Group II base oils.
• the invention provides a Group II composition, that is the oil of lubricating viscosity includes Group II oil, and can even be primarily if not exclusively Group II oil.
• the various described oils of lubricating viscosity may be used alone or in combinations.
• the oil of lubricating viscosity may be used in the described industrial gear lubricant compositions in the range of about 40 or 50 percent by weight to about 99 percent by weight, or from a minimum of 49.8, 70, 85, 93, 93.5 or even 97 up to a maximum of 99.8, 99, 98.5 or even 97 percent by weight.
• the oil of lubricating viscosity may be used from a minimum of 40, 65, 73, 73.5, or even 81 up to a maximum of 99.8, 99.7, 98.8, 94.3, 88.5, or even 81 percent by weight.
• the oil of lubricating viscosity may be used from a minimum of 50, 70, 75, 86, 86.8, or even 92.05 up to a maximum of 99.6, 99.5, 98.5, 98.4, or even 98.2 percent by weight, or from a minimum of 80, 90, 95, 96, 96.8, or even 97.05 up to a maximum of 99.6, 99.5, 99.4, or even 99.2 percent by weight, or from 50 to 99.6, from 50 to 99.5, from 70 to 99.5, from 75 to 98.5, from 86 to 98.4, from 86.8 to 98.4, or even from 92.05 to 98.2, and instill further embodiments from 80 to 99.6, from 90 to 99.6, from 95 to 99.5, from 96 to 99.4, from 96.8 to 99.4, or even from 97.05 to 99.2.
• compositions of the invention include a phosphorus containing compound.
• the phosphorus containing compound can include a hydrocarbyl phosphite, a phosphoric acid ester, an amine salt of a phosphoric acid ester, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments the phosphorus containing compound includes a hydrocarbyl phosphite, an ester thereof, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments the phosphorus containing compound includes a hydrocarbyl phosphite.
• the hydrocarbyl phosphite is an alkyl phosphite.
• alkyl it is meant an alkyl group containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, however either saturated or unsaturated alkyl groups are contemplated or mixtures thereof.
• the phosphorus containing compound includes an alkyl phosphite that has a fully saturated alkyl group.
• the phosphorus containing compound includes an alkyl phosphite that has an alkyl group with some unsaturation, for example, one double bond between carbon atoms.
• unsaturated alkyl groups may also be referred to as alkenyl groups, but are included within the term “alkyl group” as used herein unless otherwise noted.
• the phosphorus containing compound includes an alkyl phosphite, a phosphoric acid ester, an amine salt of a phosphoric acid ester, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments the phosphorus containing compound includes an alkyl phosphite, an ester thereof, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments the phosphorus containing compound includes an alkyl phosphite.
• the phosphorus containing compound includes an alkenyl phosphite, a phosphoric acid ester, an amine salt of a phosphoric acid ester, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments the phosphorus containing compound includes an alkenyl phosphite, an ester thereof, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments the phosphorus containing compound includes an alkenyl phosphite.
• the phosphorus containing compound includes dialkyl hydrogen phosphites.
• the phosphorus-containing compound is essentially free of, or even completely free of, phosphoric acid esters and/or amine salts thereof.
• the phosphorus-containing compound may be described as a fatty phosphite.
• Suitable phosphites include those having at least one hydrocarbyl group with 4 or more, or 8 or more, or 12 or more, carbon atoms. Typical ranges for the number of carbon atoms on the hydrocarbyl group include 8 to 30, or 10 to 24, or 12 to 22, or 14 to 20, or 16 to 18.
• the phosphite may be a mono-hydrocarbyl substituted phosphite, a di-hydrocarbyl substituted phosphite, or a tri-hydrocarbyl substituted phosphite.
• the phosphite is sulphur-free i.e., the phosphite is not a thiophosphite.
• the phosphite having at least one hydrocarbyl group with 4 or more carbon atoms may be represented by the formulae:
• R 6 , R 7 and R 8 may be a hydrocarbyl group containing at least 4 carbon atoms and the other may be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group.
• R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are all hydrocarbyl groups.
• the hydrocarbyl groups may be alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, acyclic or mixtures thereof.
• the compound may be a tri-hydrocarbyl substituted phosphite i.e., R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are all hydrocarbyl groups and in some embodiments may be alkyl groups
• the alkyl groups may be linear or branched, typically linear, and saturated or unsaturated, typically saturated.
• alkyl groups for R 6 , R 7 and R 8 include octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, octadecenyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl or mixtures thereof.
• the fatty phosphite component of the invention, and/or the composition overall is essentially free of, or even completely free of phosphoric acid ester and/or amine salts thereof.
• the fatty phosphite comprises an alkenyl phosphite or esters thereof, for example esters of dimethyl hydrogen phosphite.
• the dimethyl hydrogen phosphite may be esterified, and in some embodiments transesterified, by reaction with an alcohol, for example oleyl alcohol.
• the fatty phosphite is present at no more than 5 percent by weight, or even at no more than 4, 3, 2, or even 1 percent by weight of the overall industrial gear oil composition. Good overall performance can often be achieved by using such high amounts of the fatty phosphite.
• One of the main aspects of the present invention is the ability to provide comparable performance with industrial gear oil compositions that contain much lower amounts of fatty phosphite, due to the synergistic benefit received when using the fatty phosphite in combination with the derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid, described herein.
• the fatty phosphite may be present in the overall industrial gear lubricant composition from 0.3 to 10 percent by weight, or in other embodiments from a minimum level of 0.3, 0.7, 1, or even 1.2 up to a maximum level of 10, 5, 3, 2.7, 2, 1.5 or even 1.2 percent by weight.
• the fatty phosphite may be present in the overall industrial gear lubricant composition from 0.3 to 10 percent by weight, or from a minimum level of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, or even 0.7 up to a maximum of 10, 5, 3, 2.7, or even 1.2 percent by weight, or from 0.3 to 10, from 0.3 to 5, from 0.4 to 3, from 0.5 to 3.0, from 0.5 to 2.7, from 0.7 to 2.7, from 0.3 to 1.2, or from 0.5 to 1.2 percent by weight.
• compositions of the invention include a derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid.
• Suitable acids may include from 1 to 5 or 2 carboxy groups or from 1 to 5 or 2 hydroxy groups.
• the friction modifier is derivable from a hydroxy-carboxylic acid represented by the formula:
• a and b may be independently integers of 1 to 5, or 1 to 2;
• X may be an aliphatic or alicyclic group, or an aliphatic or alicyclic group containing an oxygen atom in the carbon chain, or a substituted group of the foregoing types, said group containing up to 6 carbon atoms and having a+b available points of attachment;
• each Y may be independently —O—, >NH, or >NR 3 or two Y's together representing the nitrogen of an imide structure R 4 —N ⁇ formed between two carbonyl groups; and each R 3 and R 4 may be independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, provided that at least one R 1 and R 3 group may be a hydrocarbyl group;
• each R 2 may be independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group or an acyl group, further provided that at least one —OR 2 group is located on a carbon atom within X that is ⁇ or ⁇ to at least one of the —C(O)—Y—R
• the hydroxy-carboxylic acid is reacted with an alcohol and/or an amine, via a condensation reaction, forming the derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid, which may also be referred to herein as a friction modifier additive.
• each R 5 is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, or wherein the R 5 groups together form a ring.
• the condensation product is optionally further functionalized by acylation or reaction with a boron compound.
• the friction modifier is not borated.
• the hydroxy-carboxylic acid may be tartaric acid, citric acid, or combinations thereof, and may also be a reactive equivalent of such acids (including esters, acid halides, or anhydrides).
• the resulting friction modifiers may include imide, di-ester, di-amide, or ester-amide derivatives of tartaric acid, citric acid, or mixtures thereof.
• the derivative of hydroxycarboxylic acid includes an imide, a di-ester, a di-amide, an imide amide, an imide ester or an ester-amide derivative of tartaric acid or citric acid.
• the derivative of hydroxycarboxylic acid includes an imide, a di-ester, a di-amide, an imide amide, an imide ester or an ester-amide derivative of tartaric acid.
• the derivative of hydroxycarboxylic acid includes an ester derivative of tartaric acid. In one embodiment the derivative of hydroxycarboxylic acid includes an imide and/or amide derivative of tartaric acid.
• the amines used in the preparation of the friction modifier may have the formula RR′NH wherein R and R′ each independently represent H, a hydrocarbon-based radical of 1 or 8 to 30 or 150 carbon atoms, that is, 1 to 150 or 8 to 30 or 1 to 30 or 8 to 150 atoms.
• Amines having a range of carbon atoms with a lower limit of 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, or 12 carbon atoms and an upper limit of 120, 80, 48, 24, 20, 18, or 16 carbon atoms may also be used.
• each of the groups R and R′ has 8 or 6 to 30 or 12 carbon atoms.
• the sum of carbon atoms in R and R′ is at least 8.
• R and R′ may be linear or branched.
• the alcohols useful for preparing the friction modifier will similarly contain 1 or 8 to 30 or 150 carbon atoms. Alcohols having a range of carbon atoms from a lower limit of 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, or 12 carbon atoms and an upper limit of 120, 80, 48, 24, 20, 18, or 16 carbon atoms may also be used. In certain embodiments the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol-derived group may be 8 to 24, 10 to 18, 12 to 16, or 13 carbon atoms.
• the alcohols and amines may be linear or branched, and, if branched, the branching may occur at any point in the chain and the branching may be of any length.
• the alcohols and/or amines used include branched compounds, and in still other embodiments, the alcohols and amines used are at least 50%, 75% or even 80% branched. In other embodiments the alcohols are linear.
• the alcohol and/or amine have at least 6 carbon atoms.
• certain embodiments of the invention employ the product prepared from branched alcohols and/or amines of at least 6 carbon atoms, for instance, branched C 6-18 or C 8-18 alcohols or branched C 12-16 alcohols, either as single materials or as mixtures. Specific examples include 2-ethylhexanol and isotridecyl alcohol, the latter of which may represent a commercial grade mixture of various isomers.
• certain embodiments of the invention employ the product prepared from linear alcohols of at least 6 carbon atoms, for instance, linear C 6-18 or C 8-18 alcohols or linear C 12-16 alcohols, either as single materials or as mixtures.
• the tartaric acid used for preparing the tartrates, tartrimides, or tartramides of the invention can be the commercially available type (obtained from Sargent Welch), and it exists in one or more isomeric forms such as d-tartaric acid, l-tartaric acid, d,l-tartaric acid or meso-tartaric acid, often depending on the source (natural) or method of synthesis (e.g. from maleic acid).
• These derivatives can also be prepared from functional equivalents to the diacid readily apparent to those skilled in the art, such as esters, acid chlorides, anhydrides, etc.
• the derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid which may also be referred to as a friction modifier, can be represented by a compound of the formula:
• n′ is 0 to 10; p is 1 to 5; Y and Y′ are independently —O—, >NH, >NR 11 , or an imide group formed by the linking of the Y and Y′ groups forming a R 11 —N ⁇ group between two >C ⁇ O groups; R 9 and R 10 are independently hydrocarbyl groups, typically containing 1, 4 or 6 to 150, 30 or 24 carbon atoms; and X is independently —CH 2 —, >CHR 12 or >CR 12 R 13 , >CHOR 14 , >C(OR 14 )CO 2 R 14 , or >C(CO 2 R 14 ) 2 , —CH 3 , —CH 2 R 12 or —CHR 12 R 13 , CH 2 OR 14 , or —CH(CO 2 R 14 ) 2 , or mixtures thereof wherein: R 11 is a hydrocarbyl group; R 12 and R 13 are independently keto-containing groups (such as acyl groups), ester groups or hydrocarbyl groups; and R
• the friction modifiers described by the structure above have at least one X that is hydroxyl-containing (e.g., >CHOR 14 , wherein R 14 is hydrogen).
• X is hydroxyl-containing
• the compound may be derived from hydroxy-carboxylic acids such as tartaric acid, citric acid, or mixtures thereof.
• the compound is derived from citric acid and R 9 and R 10 contain at least 6 or 8 carbon atoms up to 150, or 6 or 8 to 30 or 24 carbon atoms.
• the compound is derived from tartaric acid and R 9 and R 10 contain 4 or 6 to 30 or 24 carbon atoms.
• the compound may be derived from malonic acid, oxalic acid, chlorophenyl malonic acid, or mixtures thereof.
• the friction modifier component of the present invention includes oleyl tartrimide, stearyl tartrimide, 2-ethylhexyl tartrimide, or combinations thereof.
• the friction modifier may be present in the compositions of the present invention at levels of at least 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 or even 1.0 percent by weight.
• the friction modifier may be present at amounts up to, or even less than, 10, 9, 8, 7.5, 5, or even 4 or 3 percent by weight.
• compositions of the present invention may optionally include one or more additional friction modifiers.
• additional friction modifiers may include esters of polyols such as glycerol monooleates, as well as their borated derivatives; fatty phosphites; fatty acid amides such as oleyl amides; borated fatty epoxides; fatty amines, including borated alkoxylated fatty amines; sulfurized olefins; and mixtures thereof.
• Esters of polyols include fatty acid esters of glycerol. These can be prepared by a variety of methods well known in the art. Many of these esters, such as glycerol monooleate and glycerol mono-tallowate, are manufactured on a commercial scale.
• the esters useful for this invention are oil-soluble and are preferably prepared from C 8 to C 22 fatty acids or mixtures thereof such as are found in natural products.
• the fatty acid may be saturated or unsaturated.
• Certain compounds found in acids from natural sources may include licanic acid which contains one keto group.
• Useful C 8 to C 22 fatty acids are those of the formula R—COOH wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl.
• the fatty acid monoester of glycerol is useful.
• Mixtures of mono and diesters may be used.
• Mixtures of mono- and diester can contain at least about 40% of the monoester.
• Mixtures of mono- and diesters of glycerol containing from about 40% to about 60% by weight of the monoester can be used.
• commercial glycerol monooleate containing a mixture of from 45% to 55% by weight monoester and from 55% to 45% diester can be used.
• Useful fatty acids are oleic, stearic, isostearic, palmitic, myristic, palmitoleic, linoleic, lauric, linolenic, and eleostearic, and the acids from the natural products, such as tallow, palm oil, olive oil, peanut oil.
• Useful acids and/or oils also include those derived from genetically modified plants, such as canola oil and sunflower oil.
• tartrates and esters of polyols such as glycerol monooleate may appear to have superficially similar molecular structures, it is observed that certain combinations of these materials may actually provide better performance, e.g., in wear prevention, than either material used alone.
• Fatty acid amides have been discussed in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,280,916. Suitable amides are C 8 -C 24 aliphatic monocarboxylic amides and are well known. Reacting the fatty acid base compound with ammonia produces the fatty amide.
• the fatty acids and amides derived there from may be either saturated or unsaturated. Important fatty acids include lauric acid (C 12 ), palmitic acid (C 16 ), and stearic acid (C 18 ). Other important unsaturated fatty acids include oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, all of which are C 18 .
• the fatty amides of the instant invention are those derived from the C 18 unsaturated fatty acids.
• the fatty amines and the diethoxylated long chain amines such as N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-tallowamine themselves are generally useful as components of this invention. Both types of amines are commercially available. Fatty amines and ethoxylated fatty amines are described in greater detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,741,848.
• compositions of the present invention do not include any of these optional friction modifiers and in other embodiments, one or more of any of the optional friction modifiers listed herein are not present in the compositions of the present invention.
• an additional friction modifier is present, and that friction modifier is an amide of an aliphatic carboxylic acid containing 6 to 28 carbon atoms. In other embodiments the additional friction modifier is an amide of stearic acid, oleic acid, or combinations thereof.
• the derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid may be present in the overall industrial gear lubricant composition from 0.1 to 10 percent by weight, or from a minimum level of 0.1 up to a maximum of 10, 5, 2, 1, 0.5, or even 0.25 percent by weight, or from 0.1 to 10, from 0.1 to 5, from 0.1 to 2, from 0.1 to 1, from 0.1 to 0.5, or even from 0.1 to 0.25 percent by weight.
• compositions of the invention may further include one or more additional additives, for example the composition of the invention may include an industrial gear additive package.
• the compositions of the invention are designed to be industrial gear lubricants, or additive packages for making the same.
• the present invention does not relate to automotive gear lubricants or other lubricating compositions.
• any combination of conventional additive packages designed for industrial gear application may be used.
• the invention inherently assumes such additive packages are essentially free of the phosphorus containing compounds and derivatives of hydroxy-carboxylic acids described above, or at least do not contain the type of the phosphorus containing compounds and derivatives of hydroxy-carboxylic acids specified by the particular embodiment of the invention.
• the additional additives which may be present in the industrial gear oil compositions of the invention include: a demulsifier, a pour point depressant, an antioxidant, a dispersant, a metal deactivator (such as a copper deactivator), an antiwear agent, an extreme pressure agent, a viscosity modifier, or some mixture thereof.
• the additives may each be present in the range from 50, 75, 100 or even 150 ppm up to 5, 4, 3, 2 or even 1.5 percent by weight, or from 75 ppm to 0.5 percent by weight, from 100 ppm to 0.4 percent by weight, or from 150 ppm to 0.3 percent by weight, where the percent by weight values are with regards to the overall lubricating oil composition.
• additives including viscosity modifying polymers, which may alternatively be considered as part of the base fluid, may be present in higher amounts including up to 30, 40, or even 50% by weight when considered separate from the base fluid.
• additional additives may be used alone or as mixtures thereof.
• Antifoams also known as foam inhibitors, are known in the art and include but are not limited to organic silicones and non-silicon foam inhibitors.
• organic silicones include dimethyl silicone and polysiloxanes.
• non-silicon foam inhibitors include but are not limited to polyethers, polyacrylates and mixtures thereof as well as copolymers of ethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexylacrylate, and optionally vinyl acetate.
• the antifoam is a polyacrylate.
• Antifoams may be present in the composition from 0.001 to 0.012 or 0.004 pbw or even 0.001 to 0.003 pbw.
• Demulsifiers are known in the art and include but are not limited to derivatives of propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, polyoxyalkylene alcohols, alkyl amines, amino alcohols, diamines or polyamines reacted sequentially with ethylene oxide or substituted ethylene oxides or mixtures thereof.
• demulsifiers include polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides, (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymers and mixtures thereof.
• the demulsifiers are polyethers. Demulsifiers may be present in the composition from 0.002 to 0.2 pbw.
• Pour point depressants are known in the art and include but are not limited to esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers, polymethacrylates; polyacrylates; polyacrylamides; condensation products of haloparaffin waxes and aromatic compounds; vinyl carboxylate polymers; and terpolymers of dialkyl fumarates, vinyl esters of fatty acids, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, alkyl phenol formaldehyde condensation resins, alkyl vinyl ethers and mixtures thereof.
• compositions of the invention may also include a rust inhibitor, other than some of the additives described above.
• Suitable rust inhibitors include hydrocarbyl amine salts of dialkyldithiophosphoric acid, hydrocarbyl amine salts of hydrocarbyl arenesulphonic acid, fatty carboxylic acids or esters thereof, an ester of a nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid, an ammonium sulfonate, an imidazoline, mono-thio phosphate salts or esters, or any combination thereof; or mixtures thereof.
• hydrocarbyl amine salts of dialkyldithiophosphoric acid of the invention include but are not limited to those described above, as well as the reaction product(s) of diheptyl or dioctyl or dinonyl dithiophosphoric acids with ethylenediamine, morpholine or PrimeneTM 81R or mixtures thereof.
• Suitable hydrocarbyl amine salts of hydrocarbyl arenesulphonic acids used in the rust inhibitor package of the invention are represented by the formula:
• Cy is a benzene or naphthalene ring.
• R 15 is a hydrocarbyl group with about 4 to about 30, preferably about 6 to about 25, more preferably about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms.
• z is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4 and most preferably z is 1 or 2.
• R 16 , R 17 and R 18 are the same as described above.
• hydrocarbyl amine salts of hydrocarbyl arenesulphonic acid of the invention include but are not limited to the ethylenediamine salt of dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid.
• suitable fatty carboxylic acids or esters thereof include glycerol monooleate and oleic acid.
• An example of a suitable ester of a nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid includes oleyl sarcosine.
• the rust inhibitors may be present in the range from 0.02 to 0.2, from 0.03 to 0.15, from 0.04 to 0.12, or from 0.05 to 0.1 percent by weight of the lubricating oil composition.
• the rust inhibitors of the invention may be used alone or in mixtures thereof.
• compositions of the invention may also include a metal deactivator.
• Metal deactivators are used to neutralise the catalytic effect of metal for promoting oxidation in lubricating oil.
• Suitable metal deactivators include but are not limited to triazoles, tolyltriazoles, a thiadiazole, or combinations thereof, as well as derivatives thereof.
• Examples include derivatives of benzotriazoles other than those described above, benzimidazole, 2-alkyldithiobenzimidazoles, 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazoles, 2-(N,N′-dialkyldithio-carbamoyl)benzothiazoles, 2,5-bis(alkyl-dithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2,5-bis(N,N′-dialkyldithiocarbamoyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2-alkyldithio-5-mercapto thiadiazoles or mixtures thereof.
• These additives may be used from 0.01 to 0.25 percent by weight in the overall composition.
• the metal deactivator is a hydrocarbyl substituted benzotriazole compound.
• the benzotriazole compounds with hydrocarbyl substitutions include at least one of the following ring positions 1- or 2- or 4- or 5- or 6- or 7-benzotriazoles.
• the hydrocarbyl groups contain about 1 to about 30, preferably about 1 to about 15, more preferably about 1 to about 7 carbon atoms, and most preferably the metal deactivator is 5-methylbenzotriazole used alone or mixtures thereof.
• the metal deactivators may be present in the range from 0.001 to 0.5, from 0.01 to 0.04 or from 0.015 to 0.03 pbw of the lubricating oil composition. Metal deactivators may also be present in the composition from 0.002 or 0.004 to 0.02 pbw. The metal deactivator may be used alone or mixtures thereof.
• Antioxidants may also be present including (i) an alkylated diphenylamine, and (ii) a substituted hydrocarbyl mono-sulfide.
• the alkylated diphenylamines of the invention are bis-nonylated diphenylamine and bis-octylated diphenylamine.
• the substituted hydrocarbyl monosulfides include n-dodecyl-2-hydroxyethyl sulfide, 1-(tert-dodecylthio)-2-propanol, or combinations thereof.
• the substituted hydrocarbyl monosulfide is 1-(tert-dodecylthio)-2-propanol.
• the antioxidant package may also include sterically hindered phenols.
• suitable hydrocarbyl groups for the sterically hindered phenols include but are not limited to 2-ethylhexyl or n-butyl ester, dodecyl or mixtures thereof.
• methylene-bridged sterically hindered phenols include but are not limited to 4,4′-methylene-bis(6-tert-butyl o-cresol), 4,4′-methylene-bis(2-tert-amyl-o-cresol), 2,2-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4′-methylene-bis(2,6-di-tertbutylphenol) or mixtures thereof.
• the additional additives present include a nitrogen-containing dispersant, for example a hydrocarbyl substituted nitrogen containing additive.
• Suitable hydrocarbyl substituted nitrogen containing additives include ashless dispersants and polymeric dispersants. Ashless dispersants are so-named because, as supplied, they do not contain metal and thus do not normally contribute to sulfated ash when added to a lubricant. However they may, of course, interact with ambient metals once they are added to a lubricant which includes metal-containing species. Ashless dispersants are characterized by a polar group attached to a relatively high molecular weight hydrocarbon chain. Examples of such materials include succinimide dispersants, Mannich dispersants, and borated derivatives thereof.
• the additional additives present include a sulfur-containing compound.
• sulfur-containing compounds may include sulfurized olefins and polysulfides and/or sulfurized fatty esters.
• the sulfurized olefin or polysulfides may be derived from isobutylene, butylene, propylene, ethylene, or some combination thereof.
• the sulfurized fatty esters may include sulfurized olefins derived from any of the natural oils or synthetic oils described above, or even some combination thereof.
• the sulfurized fatty ester may be derived from vegetable oil.
• the invention includes a sulfurized fatty ester that includes a sulfurized natural oil.
• the sulfurized fatty ester includes a sulfurized animal and/or vegetable oil.
• the sulfurized fatty ester includes a sulfurized vegetable oil.
• the sulfurized fatty ester includes a sulfurized unsaturated oil.
• the sulfurized fatty ester includes a sulfurized unsaturated natural oil.
• the sulfurized fatty ester includes a sulfurized unsaturated vegetable oil.
• the sulfurized fatty ester described above further includes one or more sulfurized olefins and/or polysulfides.
• the sulfurized fatty ester includes a sulfurized rapeseed oil.
• the additional additives present include one or more phosphorous amine salts (different from the phosphorous containing compound described above), but in amounts such that the resulting industrial gear lubricant compositions, contains no more than 1.0 percent by weight of such materials, or even no more than 0.75 or 0.6 percent by weight. In other embodiments the resulting industrial gear lubricant compositions, are essentially free of or even completely free of such phosphorous amine salts.
• the additional additive component includes one or more antiwear additives and/or extreme pressure agents, one or more rust and/or corrosion inhibitors, one or more foam inhibitors, one or more demulsifiers, or any combination thereof.
• the additional additives, and/or the resulting industrial gear lubricant compositions are essentially free of or even completely free of phosphorous amine salts, dispersants, or both.
• the additional additives, and/or the resulting industrial gear lubricant compositions include a demulsifier, a corrosion inhibitor, a friction modifier, or combination of two or more thereof.
• the corrosion inhibitor includes a tolyltriazole.
• the additional additive component, and/or the resulting industrial gear lubricant compositions include one or more sulfurized olefins or polysulfides; one or more phosphorus amine salts; one or more thiophosphate esters, one or more thiadiazoles, tolyltriazoles, polyethers, and/or alkenyl amines; one or more ester copolymers; one or more carboxylic esters; one or more succinimide dispersants, or any combination thereof.
• compositions of the invention further include (d), one or more additional additives, that may include one or more sulfurized olefins, phosphoric acid esters, thiophosphates, thiophosphoric acid esters and/or amine salts thereof, thiadiazoles and/or substituted thiadiazole, tolyltriazoles and/or substituted triazoles, polyethers, alkyl and/or alkenyl amines and/or polyolefin amide alkenamines, ester copolymers, carboxylic esters, dispersants, hydrocarbon polymers, or any combination thereof.
• additional additives may include one or more sulfurized olefins, phosphoric acid esters, thiophosphates, thiophosphoric acid esters and/or amine salts thereof, thiadiazoles and/or substituted thiadiazole, tolyltriazoles and/or substituted triazoles, polyethers, alkyl and/or alkenyl amines and
• Dispersants suitable for use in the compositions of the invention are not overly limited and may include borated dispersants, non-borated dispersants, succinimide dispersants (including borated and non-borated succinimide dispersants), Mannich dispersants, and the like.
• compositions of the invention are free of antioxidants. In some embodiments the compositions of the invention are free of fatty amines. In some embodiments the compositions of the invention are free of high TBN overbased detergents (where high TBN can mean having a TBN of >100, >50, >20 or even >10). In some embodiments the compositions of the invention are free of zinc dithiophosphates.
• compositions of the invention in addition to the components (a), (b), and (c), further comprise a sulfurized olefin, a dithiothiophosphate ester, a phosphate amine salt, a high TBN succinimide dispersant, a fatty amine, a tolyltriazole, an acrylate, a polyether, and a thiadiazole, which may be described as additional component (d).
• compositions of the invention in addition to the components (a), (b), and (c), further comprise an extreme pressure agent, an combination of antiwear agents, a rust inhibitor, a metal deactivator, a antifoam agent, a demulsifier, and a copper deactivator, which may be described as additional component (d).
• the additional additives may be present in the overall industrial gear lubricant composition from 0.1 to 30 percent by weight, or from a minimum level of 0.1, 1 or even 2 percent by weight up to a maximum of 30, 20, 10, 5, or even 2 percent by weight, or from 0.1 to 30, from 0.1 to 20, from 1 to 20, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 5, or even about 2 percent by weight. These ranges and limits may be applied to each individual additional additive present in the composition, or to all of the additional additives present.
• the invention includes both industrial gear lubricant compositions and industrial gear additive concentrate compositions that may be used to make industrial gear lubricant compositions.
• the various ranges for the components described above can be applied to concentrate compositions by maintaining the same relative ratios between components (b), (c), and (d) when present, while adjustment the amount of (a), (that is the amount of (a) will be much lower in a concentrate composition compared to a lubricant composition).
• the percent by weight values for components (b), (c), and (d) when present may be treated as parts by weight (pbw), with oil making up the balance of the concentrate composition, including anywhere from 0 or 0.1 or 0.5 or even 1 pbw up to 10, 20, 30 or even 40 or 50 pbw oil and/or base fluid.
• the weight ratio of component (b), the phosphorus containing compound relative to component (c), the sulfurized fatty ester is from 2.5:1 to 30:1, or from 2.5:1 to 12:1, or from 3:1 to 12:1.
• the ratios may also be in a range selecting a minimum and maximum amount from any of the following points: to or from 2.8:1, to or from 3.1:1, to or from 3.6:1, to or from 4.6:1, to or from 5.1:1, to or from 6.1:1, to or from 7.1:1, to or from 10.8:1, to or from 12.1:1, to or from 27.1:1.
• These ratios may apply to the industrial gear lubricant compositions of the invention and/or to the industrial gear additive concentrate compositions of the invention.
• the of the invention component (b) and (c) are present in amounts such that the total combined treat rate of components (b) and (c) in the industrial gear lubricant compositions is at least 0.70 percent by weight.
• the industrial gear lubricant compositions of the invention will provide a wear scar diameter, as measured by HFRR (see details on the testing conditions below), of no more than 360 micrometer, and in other embodiments of no more than 340 micrometer, no more than 337 micrometer, and even from 200 or 240 to 357, 340, or 337 micrometer.
• the industrial gear lubricant compositions of the invention will provide a coefficient of friction, as measured by HFRR (see details on the testing conditions below), of no more than 0.115, and even from 0.05 to 0.115.
• the invention includes methods of improving the friction and/or antiwear properties of an industrial gear oil composition.
• the method includes the step of: (1) adding to an industrial gear oil composition, which includes (a) the oil of lubricating viscosity, the following components: (b) the phosphorus-containing compound; and (c) the derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid; resulting in an industrial gear oil composition with friction and/or antiwear properties.
• the methods provide improved friction properties.
• the methods provide improved antiwear properties.
• the methods provide improved friction and antiwear properties.
• the invention includes the use of the described industrial gear oil composition to improve the friction and/or antiwear performance of an industrial gearbox.
• the invention also includes the use of an additive package to improve the friction and antiwear properties of an industrial gear oil composition
• the industrial gear oil composition includes (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity
• the additive package includes (b) a phosphorus-containing compound and (c) a derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid.
• each chemical component described is presented exclusive of any solvent or diluent oil, which may be customarily present in the commercial material, that is, on an active chemical basis, unless otherwise indicated.
• each chemical or composition referred to herein should be interpreted as being a commercial grade material which may contain the isomers, by-products, derivatives, and other such materials which are normally understood to be present in the commercial grade.
• hydrocarbyl substituent or “hydrocarbyl group” is used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character.
• hydrocarbyl groups include:
• Examples 1 to 13 are comparative examples. Each example is either missing component (b) or component (c), or it does not contain enough component (b) in combination with component (c) to produce the benefits of the invention. Examples 14 to 30 are inventive examples.
• HFRR high frequency reciprocating rig
• ASTM D6079 ASTM D6079.
• Conditions for the testing are: a 700 gram load, 100 Hertz frequency, 0.5 mm stroke length, steady state (isothermal) operation at 100° C.
• the wear scar diameter, measured in micrometers and the coefficient of friction (COF) are collected for two runs for each sample. Lower wear scar values and lower COF values indicate improved wear performance.
• the results collected from the testing are summarized in the table below, with average values reported for the wear scar and COF.
• OIL 2 134.51 134.50 0744.5 0744.7 PACK 7 (mm) COF 1 98.0 0.21 0 0 0 1.79 339.5 0.117 2 95.5 0 2.71 0 0 1.79 472.5 0.071 3 97.9 0.21 0 0.1 0 1.79 363.5 0.126 4 97.9 0.21 0 0 0.1 1.79 358 0.108 5 97.6 0.61 0 0 0 1.79 355 0.102 6 97.7 0.46 0 0.1 0 1.79 354 0.126 7 97.8 0.46 0 0 0 1.79 353.5 0.127 8 97.7 0.51 0 0 0 1.79 352.5 0.117 9 97.9 0.31 0 0 0 1.79 346.5 0.115 10 97.5 0.71 0 0 0 1.79 346.5 0.108 11 97.8 0.31 0 0 0.1 1.79 343.5 0.123 12 97.7 0.46 0 0 0.1 1.79 343.5 0.123 13 97.8 0.
• Component (a) for all the examples is a Group II, ISO 150 base oil.
• 3 is a dialkyl phosphite with alkyl groups containing 18 carbon atoms.
• 4 is a dialkyl phosphite with alkyl groups containing 16 to 18 carbon atoms.
• 5 is an ester derivative of tartaric acid.
• 6 is an imide derivative of tartaric acid.
• 7 The additive pack used in all of the examples includes an extreme pressure agent, a combination of antiwear agents, a rust inhibitor, a metal deactivator, a antifoam agent, a demulsifier, and a copper deactivator.
• compositions of the invention provide surprisingly improved performance as shown by the HFRR results.
• Comparative example 1 is a baseline example with only a small amount (less than 0.3 percent by weight) of component (b) present and no component (c) present at all. All of the inventive examples have a better wear result and a better COF than Example 1.
• Comparative examples 3 to 13 either contain an insufficient amount of component (b), an insufficient amount of the combination of component (b) and component (c), or no component (c) at all. All of the inventive examples have a better wear result, a better COF, or both, when compared to Examples 3 to 13.
• Comparative examples 2 and 14 to 17 are comparative examples that show what high levels of component (b) are required to achieve results similar to those made possible by the present invention. Even with such high treat rates, comparative example 2 still gives a poor wear result. Comparative examples 14 to 17 give good wear and COF results but only with a very high treat rate of component (b).
• Inventive examples 18 to 30 show that when the combination of components (b) and (c) are used in the proper way (a sufficient amount of component (b) and a sufficient total amount of both components together) a synergistic benefit is seen, and this benefit is demonstrated by the examples above to occur with different examples of component (b) and different examples of component (c), over a wide range of treat rates.
• the transitional term “comprising,” which is synonymous with “including,” “containing,” or “characterized by,” is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, un-recited elements or method steps.
• the term also encompass, as alternative embodiments, the phrases “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of,” where “consisting of” excludes any element or step not specified and “consisting essentially of” permits the inclusion of additional un-recited elements or steps that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the composition or method under consideration.

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• 2014
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