US20160017213A1 - Aqueous slurry for particulates transportation - Google Patents
Aqueous slurry for particulates transportation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20160017213A1 US20160017213A1 US14/801,619 US201514801619A US2016017213A1 US 20160017213 A1 US20160017213 A1 US 20160017213A1 US 201514801619 A US201514801619 A US 201514801619A US 2016017213 A1 US2016017213 A1 US 2016017213A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- particulates
- slurry composition
- polymer
- aqueous
- hydrophobizing agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- -1 i.e. Substances 0.000 description 201
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 47
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Chemical class 0.000 description 40
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 27
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 15
- WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)O WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 11
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 11
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 8
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical compound [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XXUJMEYKYHETBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-nitrophenyl ethylphosphonate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(CC)OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 XXUJMEYKYHETBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229920000562 Poly(ethylene adipate) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 0 [1*][Si]([2*])([3*])O[SiH]([4*])([5*])(C)O[Si]([6*])([7*])O[Si]([8*])([9*])[10*] Chemical compound [1*][Si]([2*])([3*])O[SiH]([4*])([5*])(C)O[Si]([6*])([7*])O[Si]([8*])([9*])[10*] 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000005375 organosiloxane group Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NMRPBPVERJPACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3S)-octan-3-ol Natural products CCCCCC(O)CC NMRPBPVERJPACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SYWDPPFYAMFYQQ-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-docos-13-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCCN SYWDPPFYAMFYQQ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical class CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WOFPPJOZXUTRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol Natural products CCCCC(O)CCC WOFPPJOZXUTRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000205 poly(isobutyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;sodium;phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940083124 ganglion-blocking antiadrenergic secondary and tertiary amines Drugs 0.000 description 2
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- PYJJCSYBSYXGQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(octadecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl PYJJCSYBSYXGQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229930006727 (-)-endo-fenchol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSCJHTSDLYVCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 4-[[4-[4-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)anilino]-6-[4-(2-ethylhexoxycarbonyl)anilino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]benzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)=CC=C1NC1=NC(NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C)=NC(NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)=N1 OSCJHTSDLYVCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- SLRMQYXOBQWXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2154-56-5 Chemical compound [CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 SLRMQYXOBQWXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWOUPOJUVSKJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-octadecoxypropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCN GWOUPOJUVSKJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAIHUHQCLTYTSF-MRTMQBJTSA-N Fenchyl alcohol Chemical compound C1C[C@]2(C)[C@H](O)C(C)(C)[C@H]1C2 IAIHUHQCLTYTSF-MRTMQBJTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YFCGDEUVHLPRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [dimethyl(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]oxy-dimethyl-trimethylsilyloxysilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C YFCGDEUVHLPRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005376 alkyl siloxane group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQEKAFQSVPLXON-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(trichloro)silane Chemical compound CCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FQEKAFQSVPLXON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJYZBNLEGDTEBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctyl)-bis(trifluoromethyl)silane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)[Si](Cl)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F IJYZBNLEGDTEBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDNUHAXBKKDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-diethyl-methylsilane Chemical compound CC[Si](C)(Cl)CC PDNUHAXBKKDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZGREZWGCWVAEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-dimethyl-octadecylsilane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](C)(C)Cl GZGREZWGCWVAEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004773 chlorofluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(F)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSXYHAQZDCICNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(diphenyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 OSXYHAQZDCICNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYICXDQJFWXGTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihexyl(dimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)CCCCCC CYICXDQJFWXGTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YGFACYFRHZWFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyl-octadecyl-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC YGFACYFRHZWFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WSFMFXQNYPNYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyl-octadecyl-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC WSFMFXQNYPNYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(Cl)Cl LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BITPLIXHRASDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-[ethenyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C=C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C=C BITPLIXHRASDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOXXJEVNDJOOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-tris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound COCCO[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)C=C WOXXJEVNDJOOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IAIHUHQCLTYTSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenchyl alcohol Natural products C1CC2(C)C(O)C(C)(C)C1C2 IAIHUHQCLTYTSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HTDJPCNNEPUOOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 HTDJPCNNEPUOOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZWLNMOIEMTDJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC CZWLNMOIEMTDJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940087305 limonene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001510 limonene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- POPACFLNWGUDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)C POPACFLNWGUDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUFRLNPHRPYBLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy-dimethyl-octadecylsilane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](C)(C)OC RUFRLNPHRPYBLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005055 methyl trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVKAWJASTRPFQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-aminoethyl)hydroxylamine Chemical class NCCNO JVKAWJASTRPFQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- HKUFIYBZNQSHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octadecyloctadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HKUFIYBZNQSHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KTEJNIIGZFOHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonadecane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)CCN KTEJNIIGZFOHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLYCYWCVSGPDFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC SLYCYWCVSGPDFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSRJTTSHWYDFIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyltriethoxysilane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC MSRJTTSHWYDFIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003027 oil sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- ULDDEWDFUNBUCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)C=C ULDDEWDFUNBUCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001618 poly(2-methyl styrene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005593 poly(benzyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000196 poly(lauryl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000120 polyethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000306 polymethylpentene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011116 polymethylpentene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000182 polyphenyl methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GIHPVQDFBJMUAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](CC)(OCCCC)OCCCC GIHPVQDFBJMUAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQIUQDDJKHLHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(ethenyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)C=C GQIUQDDJKHLHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WILBTFWIBAOWLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(triethylsilyloxy)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)(CC)O[Si](CC)(CC)CC WILBTFWIBAOWLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(2-methylpropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CC(C)C XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- RRLMGCBZYFFRED-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C RRLMGCBZYFFRED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000005050 vinyl trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/80—Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
- C09K8/805—Coated proppants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/80—Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/68—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/84—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/86—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/88—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/92—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/164—Injecting CO2 or carbonated water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/166—Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
- E21B43/168—Injecting a gaseous medium
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/2605—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures using gas or liquefied gas
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/2607—Surface equipment specially adapted for fracturing operations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to an aqueous slurry composition for transporting particulates and to a method of making such a composition.
- Aqueous slurries which basically comprise an aqueous medium and particulates, are commonly used in the oil and gas industry to transport particulates through a pipe or tube, either on ground, or from the surface to a subterranean formation or from a subterranean formation to the surface.
- the most commonly used particulates include sand, ceramic particulates, glass spheres, bauxite (aluminum oxide) particulates, resin coated particulates and synthetic particulates.
- the particulates usually range in size from about 10 to about 100 U.S. mesh, i.e., about 150 to 2000 ⁇ m in diameter and normally have significantly higher density than water.
- the density of sand is typically about 2.6 g/cm 3 while the density of water is 1 g/cm 3 .
- Aqueous slurries are widely used in petroleum industry, which include hydraulic fracturing and drilling operations. To make a relatively stable slurry, the particulates must be suspended in a liquid medium for a lengthy period of time at static and/or dynamic conditions, and therefore the viscosity or viscoelasticity of the fluid must be sufficiently high in order to be able to suspend particulates.
- the most commonly used method for increasing viscosity or viscoelasticity of an aqueous liquid is by adding a viscosifier (for example, a natural or synthetic polymer) or a viscoelastic surfactant to the liquid.
- Hydraulic fracturing is a technology commonly used in the petroleum industry to enhance oil and gas production from a subterranean formation.
- a fracturing fluid is injected through a wellbore into a subterranean formation at a pressure sufficient to initiate fractures in the formation.
- the fracturing fluid comprises particulates, commonly known as proppants, suspended in the fluid and transported as a slurry into the fractures. For example, following the initiation of the fractures the slurry transports the particulates into the fractures.
- proppant packs to prevent fractures from closing after pressure is released (i.e., the particulates “prop” open the fractures).
- the proppant packs provide highly conductive channels that allow the hydrocarbons (e.g., oil and/or gas) to seep through the formation to the wellbore more efficiently.
- Proppants including sands, ceramic particulates, bauxite particulates, glass spheres, resin coated sands, synthetic particulates and the like, are known in the industry. Among them sands are by far the most commonly used proppants. As noted above, the proppants normally range in size from about 10 to 100 U.S. mesh, which is about 150 to 2000 ⁇ m in diameter.
- Fracturing fluids in common use include various aqueous-based and non-aqueous based (i.e., hydrocarbon-based) fluids. Due to their low cost and high versatility, aqueous-based fluids are preferred and most commonly used.
- water-soluble viscosifiers such as polymers (i.e., linear or cross-linked polymers) or viscoelastic surfactants are added to increase fluid viscosity.
- a polymer such as guar gum or its derivatives, is added into an aqueous liquid wherein the physical entanglement of polymer chains increases the fluid viscosity and thus its suspension capability.
- Viscoelastic fluids are the fluids that exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics when being subjected to stress and are widely used to make aqueous slurries to transport particulates. Basically, the viscosity of the fluid works to slow down the rate of particulate settling out of suspension, while the elasticity helps to suspend the particulates. Under dynamic conditions, agitation or turbulence further help stabilize the slurry. Therefore, conventional methods of making stable particulate slurries focus on manipulating the rheological properties of the fluid by adding sufficient amounts of a viscosifier, such as a water-soluble polymer, to the slurry. It is not unusual that a polymer is used together with a foaming agent to improve the rheology and reduce the cost.
- a viscosifier such as a water-soluble polymer
- compositions and methods of making slurries that will form a stable proppant pack in the fracture formations and resist flowing back to the surface, while at the same time being cost-effective and operationally simple.
- aqueous-based drilling fluids When drilling subterranean formations for oil and gas, aqueous-based drilling fluids are normally used. During the drilling process large amounts of particulates, called cuttings, are generated. Cuttings have different sizes ranging from fines to pebbles.
- the drilling fluid is circulated through the wellbore to make a slurry with the cuttings in situ and subsequently transport them out of wellbore.
- polymers as well as clays are added to the drilling fluids to increase their viscosity/viscoelasticity in order to transport the cuttings efficiently.
- polymers and clay fines can easily penetrate into pores or thin fractures in the formation and significantly reduce formation permeability, especially at near wellbore. Reduced formation permeability impedes oil and/or gas production.
- U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,723,274 and 8,105,986 disclose a different way of enhancing particulate transportation using a slurry. Unlike the conventional way, which focuses on improving fluid rheology (as discussed above), these patents teach that by rendering the particulate surfaces sufficiently hydrophobic, gas bubbles become attached to the particulate surfaces, thus buoying the particulates, and consequently resulting in the formation of stable slurry without requiring viscosifying of the fluid. Moreover, the spontaneous attachment of bubbles to different particulates bridges the particulates together resulting in particulate agglomeration (aggregation). This is also known as gas bridging in the scientific literature. The slurry can be used to effectively transport particulates in different applications, particularly in hydraulic fracturing operation.
- an aqueous slurry composition comprising an aqueous liquid, particulates, a hydrophobizing agent which renders the particulate surfaces hydrophobic and a hydrophobic polymer. Also provided is a method of making such an aqueous slurry composition.
- the aqueous slurry composition is a fracturing fluid.
- the particulates are proppants.
- an aqueous slurry composition comprising an aqueous liquid, particulates, a hydrophobizing agent which renders the particulate surfaces hydrophobic, a hydrophobic polymer and a gas. Also provided is a method of making such an aqueous slurry composition.
- the aqueous slurry composition is a fracturing fluid.
- the particulates are proppants.
- an aqueous slurry composition comprising an aqueous liquid, particulates, a hydrophobizing agent which renders the particulate surfaces hydrophobic, a hydrophobic polymer and a frother. Also provided is a method of making such an aqueous slurry composition.
- the aqueous slurry composition is a fracturing fluid.
- the particulates are proppants.
- an aqueous slurry composition comprising an aqueous liquid, particulates, a hydrophobizing agent which renders the particulate surfaces hydrophobic, a hydrophobic polymer and an oil. Also provided is a method of making such an aqueous slurry composition.
- the aqueous slurry composition is a fracturing fluid.
- the particulates are proppants.
- a method of treating proppants in a hydraulic fracturing operation by contacting the proppants with a hydrophobizing agent which renders the particulate surfaces hydrophobic and a hydrophobic polymer, before or during the hydraulic fracturing operation.
- a method of treating proppants in a hydraulic fracturing operation by contacting the proppants with a hydrophobizing agent which renders the particulate surfaces hydrophobic, a hydrophobic polymer and a frother, before or during the hydraulic fracturing operation.
- a method of treating proppants in a hydraulic fracturing operation by contacting the proppants with a hydrophobizing agent which renders the particulate surfaces hydrophobic, a hydrophobic polymer and an oil before or during such hydraulic fracturing operation.
- a hydrophobizing agent which renders the particulate surfaces hydrophobic, a hydrophobic polymer and an oil before or during such hydraulic fracturing operation.
- a well service slurry composition including a fracturing fluid composition, comprising:
- the one or more hydrophobic polymers may be a polyolefin, a styrene polymer, a vinyl polymer, an acrylic polymer, a polyester, or a fluorinated or silyl-modified derivative of a polyolefin, a styrene polymer, a vinyl polymer, an acrylic polymer or a polyester.
- the one or more hydrophobizing agents may be an amine hydrophobizing agent, or a silicon or fluorinated hydrophobizing agent.
- the slurry composition may further comprise a frother, a gas, an oil, or a combination of these agents.
- the slurry composition is a fracturing fluid and wherein the particulates are proppants. In one embodiment the particulates are sand proppants. In one embodiment the aqueous liquid is flowback water from a previous fracturing operation.
- a method of preparing an aqueous slurry composition including a fracturing fluid composition, comprising the step of mixing an aqueous liquid, particulates, a hydrophobic polymer and a hydrophobizing agent together to form a mixture.
- the method further comprises the step of mixing the particulates and the hydrophobizing agent together before adding the hydrophobic polymer to the mixture.
- the hydrophobic polymer is a polyolefin, a styrene polymer, a vinyl polymer, an acrylic polymer, a polyester, or a fluorinated or silyl-modified derivative of a polyolefin, a styrene polymer, a vinyl polymer, an acrylic polymer or a polyester.
- the hydrophobizing agent is an amine hydrophobizing agent. In one embodiment the hydrophobizing agent is a silicon or fluorinated hydrophobizing agent.
- the method further comprises the step of adding a frother, an oil, a gas, or combination of same, to the mixture.
- the aqueous slurry composition is a fracturing fluid and wherein the particulates are proppants.
- the fracturing fluid is formed simultaneously while it is being pumped into a formation.
- the aqueous liquid is flowback water from a previous fracturing operation.
- a well service slurry composition including a fracturing fluid composition, comprising the steps of:
- the liquid medium may be an aqueous or a non-aqueous medium.
- the hydrophobic polymer may be a polyolefin, a styrene polymer, a vinyl polymer, an acrylic polymer, a polyester, or a fluorinated or silyl-modified derivative of a polyolefin, a styrene polymer, a vinyl polymer, an acrylic polymer or a polyester.
- the hydrophobizing agent may be an amine hydrophobizing agent or a silicon or fluorinated hydrophobizing agent.
- the method may further comprise the step of adding a frother and/or a gas and/or an oil to the aqueous slurry composition.
- the aqueous slurry composition is a fracturing fluid and the particulates are proppants.
- the aqueous liquid is flowback water from a previous fracturing operation.
- a well service slurry composition including a fracturing fluid composition, comprising the steps of:
- the liquid medium may be an aqueous or a non-aqueous medium.
- the hydrophobic polymer may be a polyolefin, a styrene polymer, a vinyl polymer, an acrylic polymer, a polyester, or a fluorinated or silyl-modified derivative of a polyolefin, a styrene polymer, a vinyl polymer, an acrylic polymer or a polyester.
- the hydrophobizing agent may be an amine hydrophobizing agent or a silicon or fluorinated hydrophobizing agent.
- the method may further comprise the step of adding a frother and/or a gas and/or an oil to the aqueous slurry composition.
- the aqueous slurry composition is a fracturing fluid and the particulates are proppants.
- the aqueous liquid is flowback water from a previous fracturing operation.
- hydrophobic polymer is used herein to mean any polymer that is non-wetting to water and typically has a water contact angle approximately equal to or greater than 90°.
- hydrophobic polymers include: (a) polyolefins, which is a class of polymers or copolymers synthesized from a simple olefin as a monomer including, polyethylene, poly(isobutene), poly(isoprene), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), polypropylene, ethylene propylene copolymers, ethylene-propylene-hexadiene copolymers, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers; (b) styrene polymers, including poly(styrene), poly(2-methylstyrene), styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers having less than about 20 mole-percent acrylonitrile; (a) polyolefins, which is a class of polymers or copolymers synthe
- the hydrophobizing agent used herein includes amine hydrophobizing agents and silicon or fluorinated hydrophobizing agents.
- amine hydrophobizing agent is used herein to mean long carbon chain hydrocarbon amines (i.e., containing no silicon or fluoro-based groups in the molecules). Such compounds contain at least fourteen, preferably at least sixteen, carbon atoms, which render the surface of the particulates hydrophobic.
- Examples include the condensate of diethylenetetraamine and tallow oil fatty acid, tetradecyloxypropyl amine, octadecyloxypropyl amine, hexadecyloxypropyl amine, hexadecyl-1,3-propanediamine, tallow-1,3-propanediamine, hexadecyl amine, tallow amine, soyaalkylamine, erucyl amine, hydrogenated erucyl amine, ethoxylated erucyl amine, rapeseed amine, hydrogenated rapeseed amine, ethoxylated rapeseed amine, ethoxylated oleylamine, hydrogenated oleylamine, ethoxylated hexadecyl amine, octadecylamine, ethoxylated octadecylamine, ditallow
- silicon or fluorinated hydrophobizing agents is used herein to mean the hydrophobizing agents disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 7,723,274, which include different organosilanes, organosiloxanes and polysiloxanes modified with different functional groups, including cationic, amphoteric as well as anionic groups, fluorinated silanes, fluorinated siloxanes and fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds.
- organosilanes are compounds containing silicon to carbon bonds.
- Organosiloxanes are compounds containing Si—O—Si bonds.
- Polysiloxanes are compounds in which the elements silicon and oxygen alternate in the molecular skeleton, i.e., Si—O—Si bonds are repeated.
- the simplest polysiloxanes are polydimethylsiloxanes.
- Polysiloxane compounds can be modified by various organic substitutes having different numbers of carbons, which may contain N, S, or P moieties that impart desired characteristics.
- cationic polysiloxanes are compounds in which one or more organic cationic groups are attached to the polysiloxane chain, either at the middle or the end or both at the same time.
- organic cationic groups are organic amine derivatives including primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary amines (for example, quaternary polysiloxanes including, quaternary polysiloxanes including mono-as well as di-quaternary polysiloxanes, amido quaternary polysiloxanes, imidazoline quaternary polysiloxanes and carboxy quaternary polysiloxanes).
- the polysiloxane can be modified by organic amphoteric groups, where one or more organic amphoteric groups are attached to the polysiloxane chain, either at the middle or the end or both, and include betaine polysiloxanes and phosphobetaine polysiloxanes.
- organic amphoteric groups where one or more organic amphoteric groups are attached to the polysiloxane chain, either at the middle or the end or both, and include betaine polysiloxanes and phosphobetaine polysiloxanes.
- organosiloxane compounds which are useful for the present compositions and methods are polysiloxanes modified with organic amphoteric or cationic groups including organic betaine polysiloxanes and organic amino or quaternary polysiloxanes as examples.
- betaine polysiloxane or quaternary polysiloxane is represented by the formula
- each of the groups R 1 to R 6 , and R 8 to R 10 represents an alkyl containing 1-6 carbon atoms, typically a methyl group
- R 7 represents an organic betaine group for betaine polysiloxane, or an organic quaternary group for quaternary polysiloxane, and have different numbers of carbon atoms, and may contain a hydroxyl group or other functional groups containing N, P or S, and m and n are from 1 to 200.
- R 7 is represented by the group
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are alkyl groups with 1 to 22 carbon atoms or alkenyl groups with 2 to 22 carbon atoms.
- R 4 , R 5 , R 7 are alkyl groups with 1 to 22 carbon atoms or alkenyl groups with 2 to 22 carbon atoms;
- R 6 is —O— or the NR 8 group, R 8 being an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrogen group;
- Z is a bivalent hydrocarbon group, which may have a hydroxyl group and may be interrupted by an oxygen atom, an amino group or an amide group;
- x is 2 to 4;
- the R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 7 may be the same or different, and
- X ⁇ is an inorganic or organic anion including Cl ⁇ and CH 3 COO ⁇ .
- organic quaternary groups include [R—N + (CH 3 ) 2 —CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 —O—(CH 2 ) 3 —] (CH 3 COO ⁇ ), wherein R is an alkyl group containing from 1-22 carbons or a benzyl radical and CH 3 COO ⁇ an anion.
- organic betaine groups include —(CH 2 ) 3 —O—CH 2 CH(OH)(CH 2 )—N + (CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 COO ⁇ .
- Such compounds are commercially available.
- cationic polysiloxanes include compounds represented by formula (II), wherein R 7 represents other organic amine derivatives including organic primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
- organo-modified polysiloxanes include di-betaine polysiloxanes and di-quaternary polysiloxanes, which can be represented by the formula
- R 12 to R 17 each represent an alkyl containing 1-6 carbon atoms, typically a methyl group
- the R 11 and R 18 groups represent an organic betaine group for di-betaine polysiloxanes or an organic quaternary group for di-quaternary, and have different numbers of carbon atoms and may contain a hydroxyl group or other functional groups containing N, P or S, and m is from 1 to 200.
- R 11 and R 18 are represented by the group
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , Z, X ⁇ and x are the same as defined above.
- Such compounds are commercially available.
- Quaternium 80 (INCI) is one of the commercial examples.
- the polysiloxane can be modified by organic anionic groups, where one or more organic anionic groups are attached to the polysiloxane chain, either at the middle or the end or both, including sulfate polysiloxanes, phosphate polysiloxanes, carboxylate polysiloxanes, sulfonate polysiloxanes, thiosulfate polysiloxanes.
- the organosiloxane compounds also include alkylsiloxanes including hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane, hexaethyldisiloxane, 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, decamethyltetrasiloxane.
- alkylsiloxanes including hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane, hexaethyldisiloxane, 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxan
- the organosilane compounds include alkylchlorosilane, for example methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, octadecyltrichlorosilane; alkyl-alkoxysilane compounds, for example methyl-, propyl-, isobutyl- and octyltrialkoxysilanes, and fluoro-organosilane compounds, for example, 2-(n-perfluoro-octyl)-ethyltriethoxysilane, and perfluoro-octyldimethyl chlorosilane.
- alkylchlorosilane for example methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, octadecyltrichlorosilane
- alkyl-alkoxysilane compounds for example methyl-, propyl
- organosilicon compounds which are not organosilicon compounds, which can be used to render proppant surfaces hydrophobic are certain fluoro-substituted compounds, for example certain fluoro-organic compounds including cationic fluoro-organic compounds. Further information regarding organosilicon compounds can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 7,723,274 and Silicone Surfactants (Randal M. Hill, 1999) and the references therein, and in U.S. Pat. Nos.
- Organosilanes can be represented by the formula
- R is an organic radical having 1-50 carbon atoms that may possess functionality containing N, S, or P moieties that impart desired characteristics
- X is a halogen, alkoxy, acyloxy or amine and n has a value of 1-3.
- organosilanes include: Si(OCH 3 ) 4 , CH 3 Si(OCH 3 ) 3 , CH 3 Si(OCH 2 CH 3 ) 3 , CH 3 Si(OCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ) 3 , CH 3 Si[O(CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 ] 3 ; CH 3 CH 2 Si(OCH 2 CH 3 ) 3 , C 6 H 5 Si(OCH 3 ) 3 , C 6 H 5 CH 2 Si(OCH 3 ) 3 , C 6 H 5 Si(OCH 2 CH 3 ) 3 , CH 2 ⁇ CHCH 2 Si(OCH 3 ) 3 , (CH 3 ) 2 Si(OCH 3 ) 2 , (CH 2 ⁇ CH)Si(CH 3 ) 2 Cl, (CH 3 ) 2 Si(OCH 2 CH 3 ) 2 , (CH 3 ) 2 Si(OCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 , (CH 3 ) 2 Si[O(CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 ] 2 , (CHCH 3
- frother is used herein to mean a compound that acts to stabilize bubbles so that they will remain well-dispersed in the slurry.
- frothers are aliphatic alcohols, including particularly, methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC), 2-ethyl hexanol, n-pentanol, n-butyl, n-hexanol, 2-butanol, n-heptanol, n-octanol, isoamyl alcohol as well as cyclic alcohols including pine oil, terpineol, fenchyl alcohol, alkoxy paraffins such as 1,1,3,-triethoxybutane (TEB) and polypropyl glycol ethers such as commercial products Dowfroths® by Dow Chemicals Company.
- MIBC isobutyl carbinol
- TEB 1,1,3,-triethoxybutane
- TEB 1,1,3,-triethoxybutane
- oils including hydrocarbon oils such as mineral oils or paraffin oils and natural oils can be used alone or in combination with, for example, an alcohol frother, to stabilize the bubbles on the particulate surfaces and enhance particulate agglomeration.
- aqueous liquid or “aqueous fluid” is used herein to mean water, salt solutions, or water containing an alcohol or other organic solvents. It should be understood that additives other than water in the aqueous liquid should be used in amounts or in a manner that does not adversely affect the methods and compositions described herein.
- the size of particulates in the compositions and methods described herein is about 10-100 U.S. mesh, which is about 150 to 2000 ⁇ m in diameter. It should be understood that the size distribution of the particulates, such as proppants, can be narrow or wide. Suitable proppants include sands, ceramic proppants, glass beads/spheres, bauxite proppants, synthetic particulates and any other proppants known in the industry.
- a gas can be mixed into the slurry. Suitable gases include air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane and mixtures thereof.
- the gas can be introduced into the slurry during preparation thereof. For example, when the slurry is pumped through a pipe, gas such as air or nitrogen can be introduced into the slurry.
- the slurry compositions described herein comprise an aqueous liquid, proppants, such as sands, one or more hydrophobizing agents as described herein (such as a stearyl amine, tallow amine, a cationic modified polysiloxane, an amine silane or an alkoxy silane), and one or more hydrophobic polymers (for example, a polyolefin such as poly(isobutene) or poly(isoprene)).
- the compositions may also include a frother such as MIBC or a small amount of oil, or a frother/oil combination.
- a gas such as air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide (or mixtures thereof) can also be added to the slurry compositions.
- the slurries can be prepared, for example on-the-fly, by mixing an aqueous liquid, proppants, such as sands, one or more hydrophobizing agents as described herein (such as a stearyl amine, tallow amine, a cationic modified polysiloxane, an amine silane or an alkoxy silane), and one or more hydrophobic polymers (for example, a polyolefin such as poly(isobutene) or poly(isoprene)) using conventional mixing methods under sufficient shear while pumping the slurry into the subterranean formation.
- proppants such as sands
- one or more hydrophobizing agents as described herein such as a stearyl amine, tallow amine, a cationic modified polysiloxane, an amine silane or an alkoxy silane
- hydrophobic polymers for example, a polyolefin such as poly(isobutene) or
- the slurries may further comprise a frother such as MIBC, or an oil, such as a mineral oil, or a frother/oil combination.
- a frother such as MIBC
- an oil such as a mineral oil
- frother/oil combination Such frothers, oils or frother/oil combinations can be premixed with the hydrophobizing agent and hydrophobic polymer or can be added separately in the slurry to enhance the particulate floatation.
- a gas such as air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide (or mixtures thereof) can also be added to the slurry.
- proppants can be pre-treated prior to being introduced into the fluid, wherein proppants are first treated by contacting the proppants with a liquid medium containing one or more hydrophobizing agents as described herein (such as a stearyl amine, a cationic modified polysiloxane, an amine silane or an alkoxy silane), one or more hydrophobic polymers, for example, a polyolefin (such as poly(isobutene) or poly(isoprene)), and then separating the treated proppants from the medium.
- the liquid medium used for pre-treating the proppants can be aqueous or non-aqueous.
- the pre-hydrophobized proppants i.e., treated proppants
- an aqueous liquid containing a small amount of oil, such as mineral oil can later be mixed with an aqueous liquid containing a frother, such as MIBC, to make the slurry during a hydraulic fracturing operation.
- the pre-treated proppants can later be mixed with an aqueous liquid containing a frother/oil mixture.
- a gas such as air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide (or mixtures thereof) can also be added to the slurry.
- proppants can first be treated by contacting the proppants with a liquid medium containing one or more hydrophobizing agents as described herein, one or more hydrophobic polymers, and oil, and then separating the proppants from the medium.
- the pre-treated proppants can later be mixed with an aqueous liquid to make the slurry during a hydraulic fracturing operation.
- a frother can be added to the slurry composition while pumping.
- a gas such as air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide (or mixtures thereof) can also be added to the slurry.
- proppants can first be treated by contacting the proppants with a medium containing one or more hydrophobic polymers and then separating the proppants from the medium.
- the pre-treated proppants can later be mixed with an aqueous liquid containing one or more hydrophobizing agents as described herein and a small amount of oil, such as mineral oil, to make the slurry during a hydraulic fracturing operation.
- the pre-treated proppants can later be mixed with an aqueous liquid containing a frother, such as MIBC, to make the slurry during a hydraulic fracturing operation.
- the pre-treated proppants can later be mixed with an aqueous liquid containing a frother/oil mixture.
- a gas such as air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide (or mixtures thereof) can also be added to the slurry.
- proppants can first be treated by contacting the proppants with a medium containing one or more hydrophobic polymers and oil and then separating the proppants from the medium.
- the pre-treated proppants can later be mixed with an aqueous liquid comprising one or more hydrophobizing agents as described herein to make the slurry during a hydraulic fracturing operation.
- a frother can also be added to the slurry composition.
- a gas such as air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide (or mixtures thereof) can also be added to the slurry.
- proppants can first be treated by contacting the proppants with a medium containing one or more hydrophobizing agents as described herein and then separating the proppants from the medium.
- the pre-treated proppants can later be mixed with an aqueous liquid comprising one or more hydrophobic polymers.
- This aqueous liquid may also comprise a small amount of oil, such as mineral oil, or a frother, such as MIBC, or a frother/oil mixture.
- a gas such as air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide (or mixtures thereof) can also be added to the slurry.
- a frother such as MIBS or n-hexanol, or an oil, are added in a small amount, which is less than 2% and preferably less than 1% of the total fluid volume.
- proppants can be pre-treated on-the-fly in a fracturing operation wherein the proppants are pre-treated prior to being added to the blender while at the same time fluid is pumped into a well.
- fracturing operation wherein the proppants are pre-treated prior to being added to the blender while at the same time fluid is pumped into a well.
- proppants prior to being added into the blender, proppants are first treated by contacting the proppants (for example by spraying), with a liquid medium containing one or more hydrophobizing agents as described herein (such as tallow amine, a cationic modified polysiloxane, an amine silane or an alkoxy silane), one or more hydrophobic polymers (such as a polyolefin including poly(isobutene) and poly(isoprene)), and either an oil, or a frother or a frother/oil mixture.
- the pre-treated proppants are subsequently mixed with an aqueous liquid while being pumped into a well.
- proppant can be first treated on-the-fly, for example by contacting the proppants (for example, by spraying), prior to being added to the blender, with a medium containing one or more hydrophobizing agents as described herein, and the pre-treated proppants are subsequently mixed with an aqueous liquid containing one or more hydrophobic polymers and either an oil, or a frother or a frother/oil mixture while being pumped into a well.
- the proppants can be pre-treated on-the-fly by contacting the proppants with a medium (for example by spraying), prior to adding into the blender, containing one or more hydrophobic polymers (for example, a polyolefin such as poly(isobutene)) and an oil (for example, mineral oil), and the pre-treated proppants are subsequently mixed with an aqueous liquid containing one or more hydrophobizing agents as described herein, while being pumped into a well.
- a frother can be added to the slurry composition while pumping.
- proppants are pre-treated by contacting the proppants (for example by spraying), prior to being added into the blender, with a medium containing one or more hydrophobizing agents as described herein (for example, an octadecylamine, a cationic modified polysiloxane, an amine silane or an alkoxy silane), and one or more hydrophobic polymers (for example, polyolefin including poly(isobutene) and poly(isoprene)), and subsequently mixing with an aqueous liquid containing either an oil, a frother or a frother/oil mixture while being pumped into a well.
- hydrophobizing agents as described herein
- hydrophobizing agents for example, an octadecylamine, a cationic modified polysiloxane, an amine silane or an alkoxy silane
- hydrophobic polymers for example, polyolefin including poly(isobutene) and poly(isopren
- proppant can be first treated on-the-fly, for example by contacting the proppants (for example, by spraying), prior to being added to the blender, with a medium containing one or more hydrophobic polymers and the pre-treated proppants are subsequently mixed with an aqueous liquid containing one or more hydrophobizing agents as described herein, and either an oil, or a frother or a frother/oil mixture while being pumped into a well.
- a gas such as air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide (or mixtures thereof) can also be added to the slurry compositions.
- a frother such as MIBS or n-hexanol, or an oil are added in a small amount, which is less than 2% and preferably less than 1% of the total fluid volume.
- hydrophobic polymers may, in some cases, be further chemically cross-linked with each other or with the hydrophobizing agent, normally in the presence of a catalyst, after they are attached to the surfaces of the particulates.
- proppants known to the industry can be treated according to the present disclosure during the manufacturing process, where the proppants are treated and then transported to the well site for the fracturing operations.
- a gas such as air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide and mixtures thereof, can also be mixed into the slurry under agitation.
- the slurry can be prepared on surface (above ground) or in a subterranean formation where proppants, an aqueous fluid, and a hydrophobizing agent are mixed in situ.
- a high concentration of proppants can easily be pumped into a formation and the proppants are more evenly distributed in the fracture, leading to improved proppant conductivity.
- water especially slick water, where the fluid itself has very limited proppant transportation capability, is particularly preferred as the fracturing fluid.
- Linear gels of guar gum and its derivatives or polyacrylamide polymer or its copolymers including hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide can be used as well.
- hydrophobizing agent used in the methods and compositions described herein depends to a large extent upon the type of particulates, the concentration of the particulates, as well as the fluid used. In general, more hydrophobizing agent and hydrophobic polymer and oil are required when particulates concentration is high.
- Another benefit of the slurries described herein is that water in the slurry can be re-used, after it is separated from the proppants after a fracturing operation.
- the flowback water from a previous fracturing operation especially fracturing operation using slick water, or mixture of flowback water and fresh water can be used in the compositions and methods described herein. This has great significance considering there is limited water supply in the world for hydraulic fracturing operations, especially in shale formations.
- This disclosure also provides a method for preventing proppant flowback after a fracturing operation. Because of agglomeration, proppants in the slurry described herein tend to move cohesively, in contrast to conventional slurries under the same conditions. It is found that addition of oil, such as hydrocarbon oils, silicone oils, mineral oils, vegetable oils, or combinations thereof, to the slurry can significantly strengthen the proppant agglomeration. Proppant agglomeration makes it harder for fluid being flowed back to the surface (flowback fluid) to carry the proppants out of fractures, thus reducing proppant flowback.
- oil such as hydrocarbon oils, silicone oils, mineral oils, vegetable oils, or combinations thereof
- the strength of proppant agglomeration appears to depend on the contact angle formed between an oil drop and a proppant surface in water as well as on the solid/water interfacial tension.
- the strength of proppant agglomeration also appears to depend, to some extent, on the amount of oil used for the agglomeration.
- the methods and compositions described herein are particularly useful in gravel-pack operations where sand slurry is normally pumped into a wellbore to prevent excessive amount of sands from flowing into the wellbore from the formation.
- the present method is cost effective.
- a fluid containing, for example, a hydrophobizing agent as described herein, a hydrophobic polymer and oil is injected into a formation to increase cohesiveness among sand grains to consolidate the formation and to reduce sand production.
- a hydrophobizing agent for example, a hydrophobic polymer and an oil can be added into a water-based drilling fluid. It is particularly useful when the composition is added to water or brine for use as a drilling fluid.
- the fluid forms a slurry in situ with cuttings and transports the cuttings out of the wellbore.
- a gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide can be mixed with the slurry during drilling. Since it is not necessary to use polymers or clays to viscosify the fluid, there is much less formation damage.
- the cuttings can be easily removed on the surface and the aqueous liquid becomes re-useable. Different formations including sandstone, carbonate, shale and coal seams can be drilled using the slurry described herein.
- water containing an amine hydrophobizing agent, a hydrophobic polymer, a frother and occasionally an oil can be circulated through the wellbore and form slurry with debris in situ.
- the debris is subsequently transported out of the wellbore.
- the fluid is re-useable after separation from the debris.
- the slurry can be prepared by mixing an aqueous liquid, particulates and a hydrophobizing agent, a hydrophobic polymer, a frother and then pumping the slurry through the pipeline.
- a gas such as nitrogen can be included in the slurry as well.
- Sample A comprises of 59.5% of poly(isobutylene), 40% MIBC and 0.5% of stearylamine.
- the molecular weight of poly(isobutylene) is about 1,000.
- Sample B comprises of 59.5% of poly(isobutylene), 40% MIBC and 0.5% of tallow amine TA-100.
- the molecular weight of poly(isobutylene) is about 1,000.
- Sample C comprises of 59.5% of poly(isobutylene), 40% MIBC and 0.5% of ARMEEN® OL.
- the molecular weight of poly(isobutylene) is about 1,000.
- Sample D comprises of 59.5% of poly(isobutylene), 40% 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and 0.5% of ETHOMEEN® S/12.
- the molecular weight of poly(isobutylene) is about 1,000.
- Sample E comprises of 55.5% of poly(isoprene), 28% MIBC and 16% of limonene, and 0.5% of stearylamine.
- Sample F comprises of 10% of polystyrene, 0.5% of stearylamine and 89.5% xylene.
- Sample G comprises of 10% of poly[di(ethylene glycol) adipate], 0.5% of ARMEEN® OL and 40% 2-ethyl-1-hexanol.
- the molecular weight of poly[di(ethylene glycol) adipate] is ⁇ 2,500.
- Sample H comprises of 10% of poly(isobutyl methacrylate), 0.5% of ARMEEN® OL and 89.5% xylene.
- the molecular weight of poly(isobutyl methacrylate) is ⁇ 70,000.
- Sample I comprises of 10% of polyethylene, 0.5% of ARMEEN® OL and 89.5% xylene.
- the molecular weight of polyethylene is ⁇ 4,000.
- Sample J comprises of 59.5% of poly(isobutylene) and 40.5% MIBC.
- the molecular weight of poly(isobutylene) is about 1,000.
- Sample K comprises of 59.5% of poly(isobutylene), 40% MIBC and 0.5% of amine functionalized silicone polymer.
- the molecular weight of poly(isobutylene) is about 1,500.
- Sample A 0.3 ml of Sample A was mixed with 60 g of 20/40 frac sand. Then the mixture was added into a lab blender which contained 200 ml of water. The slurry was sheared for 15 seconds at a moderate rate, which is about 2500 rpm. It was observed that almost of sand was floating on the top.
- Sample B 0.3 ml of Sample B was mixed with 60 g of 20/40 frac sand. Then the mixture was added into a lab blender which contained 200 ml of water. The slurry was sheared for 15 seconds at a moderate rate. It was observed that almost of sand was floating on the top.
- Sample C 0.3 ml of Sample C was mixed with 60 g of 20/40 frac sand. Then the mixture was added into a lab blender which contained 200 ml of 0.1% GFR-1 aqueous solution. The slurry was sheared for 15 seconds at a moderate rate. It was observed that 50% of sand was floating on the top.
- Sample D 0.3 ml of Sample D was mixed with 60 g of 40/70 frac sand. Then the mixture was added into a lab blender which contained 200 ml of water. The slurry was sheared for 15 seconds at a moderate rate. It was observed that 70% of sand was floating on the top.
- Sample E 0.3 ml of Sample E was mixed with 60 g of 20/40 frac sand. Then the mixture was added into a lab blender which contained 200 ml of water. The slurry was sheared for 15 seconds at a moderate rate. It was observed that almost all of sand was floating on the top.
- Sample F 0.3 ml of Sample F was mixed with 60 g of 20/40 frac sand. Then the mixture was added into a lab blender which contained 200 ml of water. The slurry was sheared for 15 seconds at a moderate rate. It was observed that around 50-60% of sand was floating on the top.
- Sample G was mixed with 60 g of 20/40 frac sand. Then the mixture was added into a lab blender which contained 200 ml of 0.1% GFR-1 aqueous solution. The slurry was sheared for 15 seconds at a moderate rate. It was observed that around 50-60% of sand was floating on the top.
- Sample G′ was prepared by replacing the hydrophobic polymer, poly[di(ethylene glycol) adipate], in Sample G with same amount of mineral oil while other components and concentrations remained the same, i.e., Sample G′ comprises of 59.5% of Envirodrill® mineral oil, 0.5% of ARMEEN® OL and 40% 2-ethyl-1-hexanol.
- Sample G′ was mixed with 60 g of 20/40 frac sand. Then the mixture was added into a lab blender which contained 200 ml of 0.1% GFR-1 aqueous solution. The slurry was sheared for 15 seconds at a moderate rate. It was observed that less than 10% of sand was floating on the top.
- This example demonstrates that, as compared to mineral oil, poly[di(ethylene glycol) adipate] is much more effective at promoting agglomeration.
- Sample H 0.3 ml of Sample H was mixed with 60 g of 40/70 frac sand. Then the mixture was added into a lab blender which contained 200 ml of 0.1% GFR-1 aqueous solution. The slurry was shear for 15 seconds at a moderate rate. It was observed that around 50-60% of sand was floating on the top.
- Sample I 0.3 ml of Sample I was mixed with 60 g of 40/70 frac sand. Then the mixture was added into a lab blender which contained 200 ml of 0.1% GFR-1 aqueous solution. The slurry was sheared for 15 seconds at a moderate rate. It was observed that around 40-50% of sand was floating on the top.
- Sample J 0.3 ml of Sample J was mixed with 60 g of 20/40 frac sand. Then the mixture was added into a lab blender which contained 200 ml of 0.1% GFR-1 aqueous solution. The slurry was sheared for 15 seconds at a moderate rate. It was observed that around 70% of sand was floating on the top.
- Sample J 0.3 ml of Sample J was mixed with 60 g of 20/40 frac sand. Then the mixture was added into a lab blender which contained 200 ml of 0.1% GFR-1 aqueous solution. The slurry was sheared for 15 seconds at a moderate rate. It was observed that around 70-80% of sand was floating on the top.
- Sample J′ was prepared by replacing the hydrophobic polymer, poly(isobutylene), in Sample J with same amount of mineral oil while other components and concentrations remained the same, i.e., Sample J′ comprises of 59% of Envirodrill® mineral oil, 40% MIBC and 1% of amine functionalized silicone polymer.
- Sample J′ comprises of 59% of Envirodrill® mineral oil, 40% MIBC and 1% of amine functionalized silicone polymer.
- 0.3 ml of Sample J′ was mixed with 60 g of 20/40 frac sand. Then the mixture was added into a lab blender which contained 200 ml of 0.1% GFR-1 aqueous solution. The slurry was sheared for 15 seconds at a moderate rate. It was observed that around 30% of sand was floating on the top.
- poly(isobutylene) is much more effective at promoting agglomeration.
- Sample K was mixed with 60 g of 40/70 frac sand. Then the mixture was added into a lab blender which contained 200 ml of water. The slurry was sheared for 15 seconds at a moderate rate. It was observed that almost all of sand was settling on the bottom.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/361,156 US10202542B2 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2016-11-25 | Aqueous slurry for particulates transportation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2856942 | 2014-07-16 | ||
CA2856942A CA2856942A1 (fr) | 2014-07-16 | 2014-07-16 | Boue aqueuse servant au transport de particules |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/361,156 Division US10202542B2 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2016-11-25 | Aqueous slurry for particulates transportation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20160017213A1 true US20160017213A1 (en) | 2016-01-21 |
Family
ID=55074037
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/801,619 Abandoned US20160017213A1 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2015-07-16 | Aqueous slurry for particulates transportation |
US15/361,156 Active 2035-07-23 US10202542B2 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2016-11-25 | Aqueous slurry for particulates transportation |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/361,156 Active 2035-07-23 US10202542B2 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2016-11-25 | Aqueous slurry for particulates transportation |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20160017213A1 (fr) |
CA (2) | CA2856942A1 (fr) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150303393A1 (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2015-10-22 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd | Organic electroluminescent device and process for preparing the same |
US9523030B2 (en) | 2007-04-26 | 2016-12-20 | Trican Well Service Ltd | Control of particulate entrainment by fluids |
US9640597B2 (en) | 2013-05-30 | 2017-05-02 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) substrate and display device |
US9932514B2 (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2018-04-03 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Compositions and methods for making aqueous slurry |
US20180134948A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2018-05-17 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Improved Vertical Proppant Suspension in Hydraulic Fractures |
US9976075B2 (en) | 2005-05-02 | 2018-05-22 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Method for making particulate slurries and particulate slurry compositions |
US10196560B2 (en) | 2015-01-30 | 2019-02-05 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Proppant treatment with polymerizable natural oils |
US10202542B2 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2019-02-12 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Aqueous slurry for particulates transportation |
US11130892B2 (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2021-09-28 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Oil-based dust suppression composition and method of use |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10723934B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 | 2020-07-28 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Surfactants for use in liquid suspensions of lightweight beads |
US11807802B2 (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2023-11-07 | China University Of Petroleum (East China) | Nano-organosilicon film-forming and hydrophobic shale surface hydration inhibitor and its preparation method and application |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100204071A1 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2010-08-12 | Trican Well Service, Ltd. | Aqueous particulate slurry compositions and methods of making same |
US20120267112A1 (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2012-10-25 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Well service compositions and methods |
US20140131041A1 (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2014-05-15 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of Forming and Placing Proppant Pillars Into a Subterranean Formation |
US20140144639A1 (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-05-29 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods for hindering the settling of particulates in a subterranean formation |
Family Cites Families (136)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2331594A (en) | 1942-01-23 | 1943-10-12 | Petrolite Corp | Process for increasing production of petroleum oil from siliceous strata and the treating agent therefor |
US2419755A (en) | 1943-05-26 | 1947-04-29 | Union Oil Co | Chemical treatment of oil sands |
US2765851A (en) | 1953-09-23 | 1956-10-09 | Pure Oil Co | Process for improving oil recovery processes |
US2885078A (en) | 1956-04-12 | 1959-05-05 | Int Minerals & Chem Corp | Flotation of mica from silt deposits |
US2935475A (en) | 1957-12-16 | 1960-05-03 | Pure Oil Co | Well treating |
US3060210A (en) | 1960-05-12 | 1962-10-23 | Petrolite Corp | Polyaminomethyl phenols |
US3271307A (en) | 1960-08-04 | 1966-09-06 | Petrolite Corp | Oil well treatment |
US3179250A (en) | 1961-07-31 | 1965-04-20 | Armour & Co | Separating finely-divided minerals |
US3373107A (en) | 1964-07-16 | 1968-03-12 | Milchem Inc | Friction pressure reducing agents for liquids |
US3361213A (en) | 1965-09-13 | 1968-01-02 | Mobil Oil Corp | Method of decreasing friction loss in turbulent liquids |
US3505374A (en) | 1968-01-30 | 1970-04-07 | Dow Chemical Co | Gelling agents for hydrocarbons |
US3595390A (en) | 1968-06-18 | 1971-07-27 | American Cyanamid Co | Ore flotation process with poly(ethylene-propylene)glycol frothers |
GB1352515A (en) | 1970-04-15 | 1974-05-08 | English Clays Lovering Pochin | Separation of particulate materials |
US3696923A (en) | 1970-07-28 | 1972-10-10 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Method for recovering fine coal and coal-containing particles in a coal recovery circuit |
US3757864A (en) | 1971-05-12 | 1973-09-11 | Dow Chemical Co | Friction reducing and gelling agent for organic liquids |
US3864137A (en) | 1971-12-31 | 1975-02-04 | Bayer Ag | Hydrogen peroxide blowing agent for silicate foams |
US3857444A (en) | 1972-10-06 | 1974-12-31 | Dow Chemical Co | Method for forming a consolidated gravel pack in a subterranean formation |
US4003393A (en) | 1973-02-14 | 1977-01-18 | The Dow Chemical Company | Gel-like composition for use as a pig in a pipeline |
US3945435A (en) | 1973-05-24 | 1976-03-23 | The Ralph M. Parsons Co. | In situ recovery of hydrocarbons from tar sands |
AR207130A1 (es) | 1973-12-12 | 1976-09-15 | Dow Chemical Co | Un metodo de reducir la viscosidad de un liquido organico |
US3980136A (en) | 1974-04-05 | 1976-09-14 | Big Three Industries, Inc. | Fracturing well formations using foam |
ZA756203B (en) | 1974-10-11 | 1976-09-29 | Dresser Ind | Silane coated silicate minerals and method for preparing same |
US4000781A (en) | 1975-04-24 | 1977-01-04 | Shell Oil Company | Well treating process for consolidating particles with aqueous emulsions of epoxy resin components |
US4046795A (en) | 1975-11-10 | 1977-09-06 | Sws Silicones Corporation | Process for preparing thiofunctional polysiloxane polymers |
US4042031A (en) | 1975-11-13 | 1977-08-16 | Shell Oil Company | Plugging subterranean earth formations with aqueous epoxy emulsions containing fine solid particles |
US4007128A (en) | 1975-11-28 | 1977-02-08 | Borg-Warner Corporation | Polyamine salts of aluminum alkyl orthophosphates |
US4054161A (en) | 1976-04-22 | 1977-10-18 | Semi-Bulk Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for filling a container and method of de-aerating material |
US4074536A (en) | 1976-08-02 | 1978-02-21 | Halliburton Company | Oil well consolidation treating |
US4143716A (en) * | 1976-08-30 | 1979-03-13 | Texaco Inc. | Tertiary oil recovery process utilizing a preflush |
US4061580A (en) | 1976-09-08 | 1977-12-06 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Thickened aqueous compositions for well treatment |
US4368136A (en) | 1977-10-06 | 1983-01-11 | Halliburton Services | Aqueous gel composition for temporary stabilization of subterranean well formation |
US4183814A (en) | 1978-01-03 | 1980-01-15 | Union Carbide Corporation | Asbestos composition having organo-silane coating |
US4316810A (en) | 1978-04-20 | 1982-02-23 | Halliburton Company | Gelled oil base compositions and methods of preparation and use of same |
US4231428A (en) | 1978-12-04 | 1980-11-04 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Well treatment method |
US4301868A (en) | 1979-10-15 | 1981-11-24 | Petrolite Corporation | Method using hydrocarbon foams as well stimulants |
JPS58146434A (ja) | 1982-02-26 | 1983-09-01 | Neos Co Ltd | 水スラリ−炭用添加剤 |
DE3208598A1 (de) | 1982-03-10 | 1983-09-22 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur herstellung von mit organosilanen oberflaechenmodifizierten zeolithen |
US4504385A (en) | 1982-12-30 | 1985-03-12 | Sherex Chemical Company, Inc. | Ester-alcohol frothers for froth flotation of coal |
DE3323881C2 (de) | 1983-07-02 | 1985-06-13 | Th. Goldschmidt Ag, 4300 Essen | Organopolysiloxane mit Buntesalzgruppen, deren Herstellung und Verwendung zur Oberflächenbehandlung von anorganischen oder organischen Materialien |
SU1126590A1 (ru) | 1983-07-08 | 1984-11-30 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский геологоразведочный нефтяной институт | Добавка к глинистым буровым растворам |
US4512405A (en) | 1984-02-29 | 1985-04-23 | Hughes Tool Company | Pneumatic transfer of solids into wells |
DE3417912C1 (de) | 1984-05-15 | 1985-07-25 | Goldschmidt Ag Th | Betaingruppen enthaltende Siloxane,deren Herstellung und Verwendung in kosmetischen Zubereitungen |
US4564456A (en) | 1984-06-01 | 1986-01-14 | Dow Corning Corporation | Method of treating water to inhibit corrosion and diminish mineral deposition |
US4585064A (en) | 1984-07-02 | 1986-04-29 | Graham John W | High strength particulates |
NO853269L (no) | 1984-11-15 | 1986-05-16 | Halliburton Co | Preparater for oeket hydrokarbonproduksjon for underjordiske formasjoner. |
DE3611230A1 (de) | 1986-04-04 | 1987-10-08 | Basf Ag | Polybutyl- und polyisobutylamine, verfahren zu deren herstellung und diese enthaltende kraft- und schmierstoffzusammensetzungen |
US4857221A (en) | 1986-05-14 | 1989-08-15 | Fospur Limited | Recovering coal fines |
US4689085A (en) | 1986-06-30 | 1987-08-25 | Dow Corning Corporation | Coupling agent compositions |
US4725351A (en) | 1986-09-29 | 1988-02-16 | International Minerals & Chemical Corp. | Collecting agents for use in the froth flotation of silica-containing ores |
US4787453A (en) | 1986-10-30 | 1988-11-29 | Union Oil Company Of California | Permeability stabilization in subterranean formations containing particulate matter |
US4780220A (en) | 1987-05-26 | 1988-10-25 | Hydra Fluids, Inc. | Drilling and completion fluid |
DE3719086C1 (de) | 1987-06-06 | 1988-10-27 | Goldschmidt Ag Th | Diquartaere Polysiloxane,deren Herstellung und Verwendung in kosmetischen Zubereitungen |
US4933327A (en) | 1988-04-18 | 1990-06-12 | Dow Corning Corporation | Organosilicon quaternary ammonium antimicrobial compounds |
US4898957A (en) | 1988-04-18 | 1990-02-06 | Dow Corning Corporation | Organosilicon diamine antimicrobial compound |
DE3904092A1 (de) | 1989-02-11 | 1990-08-16 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur stimulierung von oel- und gas-sonden bei der gewinnung von oel und gas aus unterirdischen formationen und stimulierungsmittel hierfuer |
US5064613A (en) | 1989-11-03 | 1991-11-12 | Dow Corning Corporation | Solid antimicrobial |
US4964465A (en) | 1989-11-06 | 1990-10-23 | Texaco Inc. | Method employing liquidized sand for controlling lost circulation of drilling fluids |
US4960845A (en) | 1989-11-08 | 1990-10-02 | Siltech Inc. | Sulfated silicone polymers |
US5149765A (en) | 1990-06-27 | 1992-09-22 | Siltech Inc. | Terminal phosphated silicone polymers |
US5164522A (en) | 1990-06-29 | 1992-11-17 | Karlshamns Ab | Cationic silicones |
US5110485A (en) | 1990-07-16 | 1992-05-05 | Nalco Chemical Company | Liquid aluminum phosphate salt gelling agent |
ES2097169T3 (es) | 1990-08-16 | 1997-04-01 | Basf Ag | Procedimiento para la obtencion de hidrocarburos y polimeros con grupos cloruro terminales alilicos. |
US5098979A (en) | 1991-03-25 | 1992-03-24 | Siltech Inc. | Novel silicone quaternary compounds |
US5166297A (en) | 1991-03-25 | 1992-11-24 | Siltech Inc. | Silicone ester quaternary compounds |
US5209775A (en) | 1992-01-23 | 1993-05-11 | Dow Corning Corporation | Water repellents containing organosilicon compounds |
US5240760A (en) | 1992-02-07 | 1993-08-31 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Polysiloxane treated roofing granules |
JPH0723211B2 (ja) | 1992-03-09 | 1995-03-15 | 豊順鉱業株式会社 | 変性ベントナイト |
FR2695558B1 (fr) | 1992-09-11 | 1994-10-21 | Oreal | Composition cosmétique contenant des particules solides revêtues avec un polymère amphotère. |
US5306434A (en) | 1992-10-20 | 1994-04-26 | Alberto-Culver Company | Hair care composition containing dispersed silicone oil |
US5256805A (en) | 1992-11-25 | 1993-10-26 | Siltech Inc. | Silicone amido amine salts |
US5235082A (en) | 1993-01-08 | 1993-08-10 | Dow Corning Corporation | Cationic diquaternary ammonium salt functional silicones |
US5571315A (en) | 1994-03-14 | 1996-11-05 | Clearwater, Inc. | Hydrocarbon gels useful in formation fracturing |
PT714978E (pt) | 1994-11-28 | 2001-08-30 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Gel de um meio apolar sua utilizacao para a preparacao de fluidos de furacao a base de aguac |
US5824226A (en) | 1994-12-21 | 1998-10-20 | Loyola University Of Chicago | Silane-modified clay |
US6047772A (en) | 1995-03-29 | 2000-04-11 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Control of particulate flowback in subterranean wells |
US5653794A (en) | 1995-12-01 | 1997-08-05 | Scm Chemicals, Inc. | Silane treated inorganic pigments |
CA2250879C (fr) | 1996-04-02 | 2003-05-20 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Procede permettant de conferer un caractere hydrophobe a une surface de substrat a faible concentration en silanes organofonctionnels |
DE69720122T2 (de) | 1996-08-16 | 2003-10-16 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone | Wasserabweisende Beschichtung, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung, sowie deren Verwendung in Beschichtungen und für beschichtete Gegenstände |
US5646215A (en) | 1996-10-31 | 1997-07-08 | Dow Corning Corporation | Polybutylene containing reactive unsaturated functionality |
US6772838B2 (en) | 1996-11-27 | 2004-08-10 | Bj Services Company | Lightweight particulate materials and uses therefor |
US20050187112A1 (en) | 1997-02-12 | 2005-08-25 | Kb International, Llc | Composition and method for a dual-function soil-grouting excavating or boring fluid |
US5908708A (en) | 1997-03-05 | 1999-06-01 | Engelhard Corporation | Aqueous dispersion of a particulate solid having a hydrophobic outer surface and films produced thereby |
US6020185A (en) | 1997-05-23 | 2000-02-01 | Geovation Consultants, Inc. | Method and composition for the anaerobic biodegradation of toxic compounds |
US6132638A (en) | 1997-06-04 | 2000-10-17 | Colgate-Palmolive Co. | Dust control composition |
GB9804725D0 (en) | 1998-03-05 | 1998-04-29 | Unilever Plc | Shampoo compositions |
CA2255413A1 (fr) | 1998-12-11 | 2000-06-11 | Fracmaster Ltd. | Expansion d'azote dans du co2 liquide et utilisation de cette mousse comme fluide de fracturation |
US6297295B1 (en) | 1999-03-03 | 2001-10-02 | Mbt Holding Ag | Transport of solid particulates |
US6297210B1 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2001-10-02 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, A Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Process for applying perfume to dryer sheets |
US6736891B1 (en) | 1999-08-19 | 2004-05-18 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Process for producing hydrophobic particulate inorganic oxides |
US6187720B1 (en) | 1999-11-01 | 2001-02-13 | David B. Acker | Delayed release breakers in gelled hydrocarbons |
JP3850612B2 (ja) | 1999-12-28 | 2006-11-29 | 花王株式会社 | 固形粉末化粧料 |
US6649571B1 (en) | 2000-04-04 | 2003-11-18 | Masi Technologies, L.L.C. | Method of generating gas bubbles in oleaginous liquids |
CA2408052A1 (fr) | 2000-05-03 | 2001-11-08 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Liquide de fracturation |
CA2329600A1 (fr) | 2000-12-22 | 2002-06-22 | Kewei Zhang | Fluide de fracturation |
US6799682B1 (en) | 2000-05-16 | 2004-10-05 | Roe-Hoan Yoon | Method of increasing flotation rate |
US6403163B1 (en) | 2000-06-27 | 2002-06-11 | Chemrex, Inc. | Method of treating surfaces with organosilicon water repellent compositions |
US6323268B1 (en) | 2000-06-27 | 2001-11-27 | Dow Corning Corporation | Organosilicon water repellent compositions |
AU2001294548A1 (en) | 2000-09-11 | 2002-03-26 | Thuslick, Inc. | Mud system and method |
DE10104033A1 (de) | 2001-01-31 | 2002-08-14 | Wella Ag | Haarpflegemittel mit diquaternären Silikonpolymeren |
US6689854B2 (en) | 2001-08-23 | 2004-02-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Water and oil repellent masonry treatments |
US6482969B1 (en) | 2001-10-24 | 2002-11-19 | Dow Corning Corporation | Silicon based quaternary ammonium functional compositions and methods for making them |
US7216711B2 (en) | 2002-01-08 | 2007-05-15 | Halliburton Eenrgy Services, Inc. | Methods of coating resin and blending resin-coated proppant |
US6959815B2 (en) | 2002-01-28 | 2005-11-01 | The Governors Of The University Of Alberta | Selective reactive oily bubble carriers in flotation processes and methods of generation and uses thereof |
US20040023818A1 (en) | 2002-08-05 | 2004-02-05 | Nguyen Philip D. | Method and product for enhancing the clean-up of hydrocarbon-producing well |
US6830811B2 (en) | 2002-10-02 | 2004-12-14 | Dow Corning Corporation | Method of preparing hydrophobic partially aggregated colloidal silica |
US7135231B1 (en) | 2003-07-01 | 2006-11-14 | Fairmont Minerals, Ltd. | Process for incremental coating of proppants for hydraulic fracturing and proppants produced therefrom |
US7066258B2 (en) | 2003-07-08 | 2006-06-27 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Reduced-density proppants and methods of using reduced-density proppants to enhance their transport in well bores and fractures |
US7204311B2 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2007-04-17 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods for controlling migration of particulates in a subterranean formation |
US20050194142A1 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2005-09-08 | Nguyen Philip D. | Compositions and methods for controlling unconsolidated particulates |
AU2005233167A1 (en) | 2004-04-12 | 2005-10-27 | Carbo Ceramics, Inc. | Coating and/or treating hydraulic fracturing proppants to improve wettability, proppant lubrication, and/or to reduce damage by fracturing fluids and reservoir fluids |
WO2005112580A2 (fr) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-12-01 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Stabilisants de systemes et optimiseurs de performance pour fluides aqueux gelifies avec des agents tensioactifs viscoelastiques |
CA2671498C (fr) | 2004-06-17 | 2012-10-30 | Statoil Asa | Reductions d'eau des formations souterraines |
US7388033B2 (en) | 2004-09-21 | 2008-06-17 | Capital Chemical Co. | Amine-functionalized polyisobutylenes for improved hydrophobizing microemulsions |
EA200702129A1 (ru) | 2005-05-02 | 2008-04-28 | Трайкэн Велл Сервис Лтд. | Способ получения транспортабельных водных суспензий путем увеличения гидрофобности твердых частиц |
US9714371B2 (en) | 2005-05-02 | 2017-07-25 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Method for making particulate slurries and particulate slurry compositions |
US7500519B2 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2009-03-10 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of modifying fracture faces and other surfaces in subterranean formations |
EA024720B1 (ru) | 2005-09-23 | 2016-10-31 | Трайкэн Велл Сервис Лтд. | Композиция водной суспензии для осуществления гидроразрыва и способ ее получения |
US7767628B2 (en) | 2005-12-02 | 2010-08-03 | Clearwater International, Llc | Method for foaming a hydrocarbon drilling fluid and for producing light weight hydrocarbon fluids |
US7845409B2 (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2010-12-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Low density proppant particles and use thereof |
CA2531982A1 (fr) | 2006-01-04 | 2007-07-04 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Composition de fluide d'hydrocarbure et methode d'utilisation |
EP2038364A2 (fr) | 2006-06-07 | 2009-03-25 | ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company | Objets compressibles à garniture partielle en mousse combinés à un fluide de forage pour former une boue de forage à densité variable |
US7581590B2 (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2009-09-01 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Heterogeneous proppant placement in a fracture with removable channelant fill |
US8302691B2 (en) | 2007-01-19 | 2012-11-06 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods for increasing gas production from a subterranean formation |
CA2848264C (fr) | 2007-04-26 | 2015-11-10 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Reduction de l'entrainement particulaire par des fluides |
EA201070008A1 (ru) | 2007-06-13 | 2010-04-30 | Трайкэн Велл Сервис Лтд. | Композиции для уплотнения частиц в скважинах подземного угольного пласта |
EA201070155A1 (ru) | 2007-07-18 | 2010-06-30 | Трайкэн Велл Сервис Лтд. | Композиции суспензий расклинивающего наполнителя, имеющего нанесенное покрытие из смолы, и способы их получения |
CA2708144A1 (fr) | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-18 | John D. Skildum | Procede de traitement des agents de soutenement et des fractures in situ avec un silane fluore |
CA2643251C (fr) | 2008-11-05 | 2014-06-03 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Compositions de fluides d'hydrocarbures et leurs methodes d'utilisation |
CA2690768A1 (fr) | 2010-01-21 | 2011-07-21 | Trican Well Services Ltd. | Compositions et procedes visant a ameliorer la recuperation de liquides pour des traitements de fracturation hydraulique |
US20120067584A1 (en) | 2010-03-17 | 2012-03-22 | Kewei Zhang | Hydrocarbon-based fluid compositions and methods of using same |
US8402682B2 (en) | 2010-09-28 | 2013-03-26 | Imaginethis Renovations, Llc | Bleacher with advertising tunnel |
US8763703B2 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2014-07-01 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Nanohybrid phase interfaces for altering wettability in oil field applications |
US8669326B2 (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2014-03-11 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Amine functionalized polyolefin and methods for preparation thereof |
CA2845069A1 (fr) | 2014-03-07 | 2015-09-07 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Compositions de boues de fracturation et procedes de fabrication associes |
CA2889374A1 (fr) | 2014-04-25 | 2015-10-25 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Composes et methodes de fabrication de boues aqueuses |
CA2856942A1 (fr) | 2014-07-16 | 2016-01-16 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Boue aqueuse servant au transport de particules |
-
2014
- 2014-07-16 CA CA2856942A patent/CA2856942A1/fr not_active Abandoned
-
2015
- 2015-07-16 CA CA2897441A patent/CA2897441A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2015-07-16 US US14/801,619 patent/US20160017213A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2016
- 2016-11-25 US US15/361,156 patent/US10202542B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100204071A1 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2010-08-12 | Trican Well Service, Ltd. | Aqueous particulate slurry compositions and methods of making same |
US20120071371A1 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2012-03-22 | Trican Well Service, Ltd. | Aqueous particulate slurry compositions and methods of making same |
US20120267112A1 (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2012-10-25 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Well service compositions and methods |
US20140131041A1 (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2014-05-15 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of Forming and Placing Proppant Pillars Into a Subterranean Formation |
US20140144639A1 (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-05-29 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods for hindering the settling of particulates in a subterranean formation |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9976075B2 (en) | 2005-05-02 | 2018-05-22 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Method for making particulate slurries and particulate slurry compositions |
US10023786B2 (en) | 2005-05-02 | 2018-07-17 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Method for making particulate slurries and particulate slurry compositions |
US9523030B2 (en) | 2007-04-26 | 2016-12-20 | Trican Well Service Ltd | Control of particulate entrainment by fluids |
US10138416B2 (en) | 2007-04-26 | 2018-11-27 | Trican Well Service, Ltd | Control of particulate entrainment by fluids |
US20150303393A1 (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2015-10-22 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd | Organic electroluminescent device and process for preparing the same |
US9640597B2 (en) | 2013-05-30 | 2017-05-02 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) substrate and display device |
US9932514B2 (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2018-04-03 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Compositions and methods for making aqueous slurry |
US10202542B2 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2019-02-12 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Aqueous slurry for particulates transportation |
US10196560B2 (en) | 2015-01-30 | 2019-02-05 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Proppant treatment with polymerizable natural oils |
US20180134948A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2018-05-17 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Improved Vertical Proppant Suspension in Hydraulic Fractures |
US10577536B2 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2020-03-03 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Vertical proppant suspension in hydraulic fractures |
US11130892B2 (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2021-09-28 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Oil-based dust suppression composition and method of use |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2897441A1 (fr) | 2016-01-16 |
US10202542B2 (en) | 2019-02-12 |
CA2856942A1 (fr) | 2016-01-16 |
US20170107424A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10202542B2 (en) | Aqueous slurry for particulates transportation | |
US7723274B2 (en) | Method for making particulate slurries and particulate slurry compositions | |
US10138416B2 (en) | Control of particulate entrainment by fluids | |
US10023786B2 (en) | Method for making particulate slurries and particulate slurry compositions | |
US11401454B2 (en) | Hydrocarbon formation treatment micellar solutions | |
AU2006294332B2 (en) | Slurry compositions and methods for making same | |
US9404031B2 (en) | Compositions and methods for controlling particulate migration in a subterranean formation | |
US20170306219A1 (en) | Controlled release of chemicals in oilfield operations | |
US9932514B2 (en) | Compositions and methods for making aqueous slurry | |
US20180265773A1 (en) | Aqueous particulate slurries and methods of making the same | |
AU2016206182A1 (en) | Spray set-up for on-the-fly treatment of proppants | |
WO2021247045A1 (fr) | Amélioration des performances d'un réducteur de frottement dans la fracturation hydraulique | |
CA2857890A1 (fr) | Compositions et methodes de fabrication de boues aqueuses | |
CA2849848A1 (fr) | Compositions et methodes de fabrication de boues aqueuses |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: TRICAN WELL SERVICE LTD., CANADA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ZHANG, KEWEI;HEIDLAS, JULIUS XAVER;WANG, CHUANZHONG;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:037001/0172 Effective date: 20151028 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY OF CANADA, CANADA Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:TRICAN WELL SERVICE LTD.;REEL/FRAME:037482/0866 Effective date: 20151115 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |