US20150267402A1 - Transparent sound absorbing panels - Google Patents

Transparent sound absorbing panels Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150267402A1
US20150267402A1 US14/660,230 US201514660230A US2015267402A1 US 20150267402 A1 US20150267402 A1 US 20150267402A1 US 201514660230 A US201514660230 A US 201514660230A US 2015267402 A1 US2015267402 A1 US 2015267402A1
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Prior art keywords
sheet
photosensitive material
features
sound absorbing
absorbing panel
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US14/660,230
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English (en)
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Nicholas Francis Borrelli
Zhiqiang Shi
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Corning Inc
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Corning Inc
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Priority to US14/660,230 priority Critical patent/US20150267402A1/en
Assigned to CORNING INCORPORATED reassignment CORNING INCORPORATED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SHI, ZHIQIANG, BORRELLI, NICHOLAS FRANCIS
Publication of US20150267402A1 publication Critical patent/US20150267402A1/en
Priority to US16/992,370 priority patent/US20200370293A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/095—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing rare earths
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C10/00—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
    • C03C10/0018—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing SiO2, Al2O3 and monovalent metal oxide as main constituents
    • C03C10/0027—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing SiO2, Al2O3 and monovalent metal oxide as main constituents containing SiO2, Al2O3, Li2O as main constituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C15/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by etching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
    • C03C23/0005—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation
    • C03C23/002—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation by ultraviolet light
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
    • C03C23/007—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by thermal treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
    • C03C4/04—Compositions for glass with special properties for photosensitive glass
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2204/00—Glasses, glazes or enamels with special properties
    • C03C2204/08—Glass having a rough surface
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
    • C03C2218/30—Aspects of methods for coating glass not covered above
    • C03C2218/34—Masking
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/001—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by provisions for heat or sound insulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/04—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation comprising slabs, panels, sheets or the like
    • E04B9/0464—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation comprising slabs, panels, sheets or the like having irregularities on the faces, e.g. holes, grooves

Definitions

  • Sound absorbing panels as surfaces for attachment to indoor walls and ceilings can use various physical effects for the absorption of sound.
  • Some conventional sound absorbing panels include fiber-based absorbents comprising porous panels of mineral fibers (rock and glass wool) that act to dampen sound as the sound waves penetrate into the panel. These conventional panels reduce the energy of the sound waves by viscous losses in pores or structures of the panel.
  • Some conventional sound absorbing panels include structures based on the Helmholz resonator principle. Such panels generally include slits or apertures as well as fiber fabric (with or without mats) or porous fiber materials behind the panel to obtain satisfactory absorption.
  • Such conventional sound absorbing panels provide several disadvantages. For example, upon damage or wear such conventional panels can produce fibers to the environment. As these fibers are often made of melted glass or rock, any airborne fibers can irritate the respiratory passages of persons in the surrounding environment. Additionally, these fibers can limit the appearance of such panels as it can be difficult to keep them clean as they require minimum use of moisture when cleaning, and problems related to mold can arise in exterior paneling or locations exposed to moisture (e.g., swimming pools or the like).
  • Microperforated panels can obviate the disadvantages of conventional fiber panels; however, conventional microperforated panels and foils are produced by rolling a tool having a plurality of many small spikes over the surface of the panel.
  • Other methods of producing microperforated panels such as laser cutting and plastic moulding, are used for thicker panels but are not commercially viable for certain substrate materials, and certain hole depths and/or distributions.
  • the disclosure generally relates to the sound absorbing panels using glass, glass ceramics, or other material for exterior and interior environments.
  • Exemplary materials can be in some embodiments photosensitive.
  • the photosensitive materials can be masked and patterned to form micro-perforations which act to dampen sound waves.
  • a method of making a sound absorbing panel can include providing a first sheet of photosensitive material, applying a first mask having a first plurality of features to the first sheet of photosensitive material, and exposing the masked material to ultraviolet light.
  • the method also includes heating the first sheet of photosensitive material to form crystals in exposed portions of the first sheet and etching the crystals to form a second plurality of features in the first sheet of photosensitive material.
  • a sound absorbing panel having a first sheet of photosensitive material and a resilient surface spaced apart from the first sheet of photosensitive material by a predetermined distance.
  • the sheet of photosensitive material includes a first plurality of features etched therein, and the dimensions and distribution of the first plurality of features and the predetermined distance are determined as a function of sound aborptive characteristics of the panel.
  • a sound absorbing panel comprising a first sheet of photosensitive material and a resilient surface spaced apart from the first sheet of photosensitive material by a predetermined distance.
  • the first sheet of photosensitive material can include a plurality of features formed therein without mechanical etching (i.e., formed by chemical etching or other means not including mechanical etching).
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a method according to some embodiments.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are depictions of exemplary microperforated panel structures according to some embodiments and equivalent circuits.
  • FIG. 3A is an illustration of hole and etch variations according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 3B is an illustration of non-limiting mask designs according to some embodiments.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are photographs of a microperforated sample according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 is a series of plots illustrating acoustic absorption of some embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 is a plot of measured acoustic absorption between some embodiments, conventional glass and one inch foam.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are plots comparing experimental measurements of two embodiments with theoretical models.
  • FIG. 8 is a plot comparing measurements of acoustic absorption of additional embodiments as a function of perforation ratio.
  • FIG. 9 is a plot comparing measurements of acoustic absorption of further embodiments as a function of cavity depth.
  • a group is described as consisting of at least one of a group of elements or combinations thereof, the group can consist of any number of those elements recited, either individually or in combination with each other. Unless otherwise specified, a range of values, when recited, includes both the upper and lower limits of the range.
  • the indefinite articles “a,” and “an,” and the corresponding definite article “the” mean “at least one” or “one or more,” unless otherwise specified
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure are generally directed to sound absorbing panels using photosensitive materials.
  • Exemplary panels can be comprised of photosensitive glass or glass-ceramics (among other materials) and during the process of manufacture can be masked, exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and patterned to form sound absorbing features which can include micro-perforations, features or holes, which act to dampen sound wavefronts.
  • UV radiation ultraviolet
  • sound absorbing feature, perforation, feature, hole, channel and the plural forms thereof are utilized interchangeably in this disclosure; such use should not limit the scope of the claims appended herewith.
  • Exemplary, non-limiting photosensitive materials can include a glass material or glass ceramic material having a main crystal phase comprising lithium disilicate Li 2 Si 2 O 5 .
  • a base photosensitive glass or glass-ceramic can be melted and cast into a monolithic product, e.g., glass or glass-ceramic sheet, or thin film in step 10 .
  • base photosensitive glasses and glass-ceramic materials can be derived from the SiO 2 —Li 2 O system.
  • the base photosensitive glass or glass-ceramic material can be produced in the form of a very thin film or sheet of a specific thickness (e.g., in the range from about 20 ⁇ m to about 2 mm)
  • the sheet or film can be strengthened by various methods, including chemical strengthening (e.g., by ion-exchanging methods), thermally strengthened (e.g., by tempering or annealing) or otherwise strengthened to provide additional strength, scratch resistance or other suitable characteristics to an exemplary panel or structure.
  • the base photosensitive glass or glass-ceramic material can contain Ce 3+ - and Ag + -ions.
  • compositions include between about 75-85 wt % SiO 2 , about 2-6 wt % Al 2 O 3 , about 7-11 wt % Li 2 O, about 3-6 wt % K 2 O, about 0.5-2.5 wt % Na 2 O, about 0.01-0.5 wt % Ag, about 0.01-0.5 wt % Sb 2 O 3 , about 0.01-0.04 wt % CeO 2 , about 0-0.01 wt % Au, and about 0-0.01 wt % SnO 2 .
  • a composition can include about 79.6 wt % SiO 2 , about 4.0 wt % Al 2 O 3 , about 9.3 wt % Li 2 O, about 4.1 wt % K 2 O, about 1.6 wt % Na 2 O, about 0.11 wt % Ag, about 0.4 wt % Sb 2 O 3 , about 0.014 wt % CeO 2 , about 0.001 wt % Au, and about 0.003 wt % SnO 2 .
  • these photosensitive compositions are exemplary only and should not limit the scope of the claims appended herewith as other photosensitive glass and glass ceramic compositions can be utilized.
  • the thin sheet or product can then be exposed to UV light using a mask at step 12 .
  • photoelectrons can cause the oxidation of Ce 3+ to Ce 4 ⁇ in an exemplary composition, and as a result, Ag + can be reduced to Ag 0 using the following relationship: Ce 3
  • This metal colloid e.g., metallic silver
  • the UV exposed product can be heat treated and lithium metasilicate crystals Li 2 SiO 3 subsequently precipitated therefrom at step 14 .
  • the Li 2 SiO 3 can then be etched at step 16 .
  • the lithium metasilicate crystals can be etched with dilute hydrofluoric acid (HF) or another suitable etchant.
  • etchants include, but are not limited to, potassium hydroxide, isopropyl alcohol, EDP (ethylenediamine pyrocatechol), tetramethylammonium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide, citric acid, sulfuric acid, ammonium fluoride, ceric ammonium nitrate, water, and combinations thereof.
  • EDP ethylenediamine pyrocatechol
  • tetramethylammonium hydroxide phosphoric acid
  • acetic acid acetic acid
  • nitric acid hydrochloric acid
  • hydrogen peroxide citric acid
  • sulfuric acid sulfuric acid
  • ammonium fluoride ceric ammonium nitrate
  • water and combinations thereof.
  • the type of etchant utilized in exemplary embodiments can be determined by the underlying substrate or material to be etched. In such a manner, defined structures or patterns can be easily etched into a finished product including sound absorbing
  • UV exposure and heat treatment can be conducted again at step 18 whereby approximately 40 wt % of the main crystal phase lithium disilicate can be produced along with a-quartz with a total crystal content of approximately 60%.
  • embodiments according to the present disclosure can produce smaller and more intricate sound absorbing features (e.g., perforations, holes, channels, or the like), e.g., on the order of about 20 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the sound absorbing features can have a depth and/or diameter of 20 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, 60 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m, 0.1 mm, 0.3 mm 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, etc., and can perforate through the entire thickness of the plate.
  • holes or features in a plate can have varying depths or diameters, that is, each hole or feature in a plate can have a depth different or substantially the same as adjacent holes or features.
  • FIG. 3A is an illustration of hole and etch variations according to some embodiments. With reference to FIG.
  • holes or features according to some embodiments can having varying diameters through the depth of the hole or feature 32 , 34 can terminate before perforating the panel 33 , can vary between adjacent holes in a pattern 35 , can be angled through the depth of the hole or feature 36 , can be conical in shape (or other geometry) 37 , or can form a throat 38 .
  • Such small, intricate features are difficult to produce using mechanical or laser machining processes especially for high volume production purposes requiring a high perforation ratio for large area coverage.
  • Exemplary embodiments can thus provide a smaller hole or perforation size to enable a thinner overall sound absorbing structure by reducing the cavity depth required for achieving high sound absorption.
  • This advantage can save space in interior and exterior designs.
  • an exemplary acoustic dampening panel can employ friction by viscous airflow to dampen sound waves.
  • This panel can comprise microperforations, e.g., holes through a panel (or portions thereof) whereby the holes have a diameter of less than 0.5 mm.
  • a conventional microperforated panel (MPP) box (including the enclosed cavity) may be as wide as 100 mm; however, with the smaller perforation features enabled by the disclosed embodiments, e.g., on the order of about 20 to 50 ⁇ m, the required cavity depth between the panel and rear surface can be significantly reduced to about 10 to 20 mm thereby reducing the space required for acoustic dampening in architectural or other applications.
  • MPP microperforated panel
  • Such exemplary panels are not dependent on fiber materials. Applications of such sound absorbing panels include, but are not limited to, sound isolation of car engines, sound absorbing elements in buildings, interior or exterior spaces, among others.
  • FIG. 2A is an exemplary microperforated panel (MPP) structure according to some embodiments and an equivalent circuit.
  • an exemplary microperforated structure 20 includes a panel 21 having a thickness (t) and microperforations or holes 22 each with a diameter (d) and a spacing (b) therebetween.
  • the holes 22 can be arranged at a distance or cavity depth (D) from a rear surface 23 with the perforated panel 21 facing a sound source P.
  • Exemplary structures 20 and/or panels 21 can be formed from materials such as, but not limited to, sheet metal, plastic, plywood, acrylic, glass, glass ceramic, etc.
  • Some embodiments can include a single MPP and a rigid-back wall or substrate with an air cavity in-between (cavity depth of D) as depicted in FIG. 2A (left and center) which can then be modeled by an equivalent electrical circuit ( FIG. 2A right).
  • a series of Helmholtz resonators can thus be formed by the holes and the cavity.
  • Other embodiments can include a second (or additional) panel(s) 25 to provide a double-leaf MPP absorber with a rigid-back wall to broaden the absorption range.
  • two resonators can be formed as depicted in FIG. 2B (left) with its equivalent electrical circuit depicted in FIG. 2B (right).
  • porosity or perforation ratio ⁇ can be related to hole diameter (d) and spacing (b) using the following relationship:
  • V represents the volume of room or space
  • ⁇ i and S i represent the sound absorption coefficient of a surface and the surface area, respectively.
  • an exemplary glass, glass ceramic or other material surface can be made into a highly acoustic-absorptive apparatus.
  • the acoustic absorption ( ⁇ ) of an exemplary MPP (having a thickness (t), holes with diameter (d), cavity depth (D) and spacing (b) therebetween, see, e.g., FIGS. 2A-2B ) structure can thus be modeled and described using Equations (1)-(3) and the relationship:
  • FIG. 2A-2B illustrate a symmetrical pattern of cylindrical holes 22
  • the claims appended herewith should not be so limited as the shape, size, distribution, number, configuration, etc. of holes or features can be a function of mask design and/or the application of the respective MPP structure.
  • FIG. 3B provides exemplary, non-limiting mask designs 30 a, 30 b, 30 c, 30 d where different size, shape, distribution of the micro-holes can be designed to suit functional and/or aesthetic requirements of a user.
  • a mask design can include cylindrical holes each having a substantially similar diameter and symmetrically arranged by row and column 30 a, cylindrical holes each having a substantially similar diameter and arranged by row and offset by column 30 b, star-shaped holes each having similar dimensions and arranged by row and offset by column 30 c, star-burst forms having dissimilar dimensions and asymmetrically arranged 30 d, etc.
  • these mask designs and subsequent hole or feature arrangements are exemplary only and should not limit the scope of the claims appended herewith as the size, shape and distribution of the holes can be functionally or aesthetically suitable to the acoustic and/or aesthetic requirements of a user.
  • any arbitrary shapes or combination of different shapes of the micro-features and arbitrary distributions of such features in a surface can be possible and are envisioned.
  • Such intricate features as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B can be conveniently translated to a photosensitive glass, glass ceramic, or other material plate via the UV exposure process, followed by an exemplary chemical etching process as described above.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are photographs of a microperforated sample according to some embodiments.
  • a disk-shaped microperforated sample 40 is illustrated having a plurality of sets 42 of cylindrical holes or features symmetrically arranged by row and column.
  • FIG. 4B is a microscopic view of the features 44 in a set illustrated in FIG. 4A .
  • the material employed was a photosensitive material having a composition include between about 75-85 wt % SiO 2 , about 2-6 wt % Al 2 O 3 , about 7-11 wt % Li 2 O, about 3-6 wt % K 2 O, about 0.5-2.5 wt % Na 2 O, about 0.01-0.5 wt % Ag, about 0.01-0.5 wt % Sb 2 O 3 , about 0.01-0.04 wt % CeO 2 , about 0-0.01 wt % Au, and about 0-0.01 wt % SnO 2 .
  • the microperforated sample 40 included through holes 44 having a diameter of about 100 ⁇ m and a spacing between adjacent holes of about 200 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 5 is a series of plots illustrating acoustic absorption of some embodiments.
  • the experimental results for cavity depths (D) of 5 mm, 45 mm, 105 mm and 145 mm were measured utilizing the MPP structure of FIGS. 4A and 4B and are graphically illustrated.
  • each embodiment provides noticeable improvements to acoustic absorption over that of a glass sheet 52 .
  • FIG. 6 is a plot of measured acoustic absorption between some embodiments, conventional glass and one inch foam.
  • the acoustic absorption of an exemplary MPP structure 62 having a distance d between adjacent holes of 135 ⁇ m, plate thickness t about 0.66 mm, and a cavity depth D of 5 mm an exemplary MPP structure 64 having a distance d between adjacent holes of 135 ⁇ m, plate thickness t about 0.66 mm, and a cavity depth D of 25 mm were measured and compared with the acoustic absorption of a one inch foam core 66 and a sheet of conventional glass 68 . It was observed that conventional glass has very low absorption, while both exemplary MPP structures provide a broadband and comparable absorption as the foam core.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are plots comparing experimental measurements of two embodiments with theoretical models.
  • acoustic absorption of an exemplary MPP structure 72 having a cavity depth D of 10 mm, plate thickness t about 1.3 mm and an exemplary MPP structure 74 having a cavity depth D of 35 mm and plate thickness t about 1.3 mm were compared with the model-predicted acoustic absorption of the same structures 73 , 75 , respectively. It can be observed that the measured and model-predicted acoustic absorption of the two different MPP structures were in agreement.
  • FIG. 7A acoustic absorption of an exemplary MPP structure 72 having a cavity depth D of 10 mm, plate thickness t about 1.3 mm and an exemplary MPP structure 74 having a cavity depth D of 35 mm and plate thickness t about 1.3 mm were compared with the model-predicted acoustic absorption of the same structures 73 , 75 , respectively. It can be observed
  • acoustic absorption of an exemplary MPP structure 76 having a cavity depth D of 25 mm, plate thickness t about 0.66 mm and an exemplary MPP structure 78 having a cavity depth D of 5 mm and plate thickness t about 0.66 mm were compared with the model-predicted acoustic absorption of the same structures 77 , 79 , respectively. It can again be observed that the measured and model-predicted acoustic absorption of the two different MPP structures were in agreement.
  • FIG. 8 is a plot comparing measurements of acoustic absorption of additional embodiments as a function of perforation ratio.
  • acoustic absorption of exemplary MPP structures having a hole diameter of 0.25 mm and fixed cavity depth D of 2 mm were measured from a 0.25% perforation ratio 82 , to a 0.5% perforation ratio 84 , a 1% perforation ratio 86 , a 2.5% perforation ratio 87 , and a 5% perforation ratio 88 .
  • an impact of increasing perforation ratio from 0.25% to 5% on sound absorption of a MPP structure can be markedly observed.
  • FIG. 9 is a plot comparing measurements of acoustic absorption of further embodiments as a function of cavity depth.
  • acoustic absorption of exemplary MPP structures having a hole diameter of 50 ⁇ m and a fixed perforation ratio of 10% were measured with a cavity depth D of 2 mm 92 , a cavity depth D of 4 mm 94 , a cavity depth D of 6 mm 96 , a cavity depth D of 8 mm 97 , and a cavity depth D of 10 mm 98 .
  • an impact of increasing cavity depth from 2 mm to 10 mm for a fixed diameter 50 ⁇ m hole can be markedly observed.
  • embodiments described herein can be optimally designed for the application required, e.g., acoustic absorption requirements vs. optical transparency and/or visual impact of the hole patterns based on a multi-variable (d, b or a, t, D) design approach.
  • Some embodiments can thus be employed to dissipate or convert acoustical energy into heat.
  • sound waves propagate into an exemplary panel and because of the proximity of the panel to a rear surface, oscillating air molecules inside the structure lose their acoustical energy due to friction between the air in motion and the surface of the MPP.
  • Additional embodiments can also be tuned by hole geometry and distribution, as well as the air gap (cavity depth) behind the panel as described above.
  • the acoustical performance of some embodiments can be tailored to meet a multitude of specifications in various applications.
  • Exemplary embodiments can thus provide a pristine, smooth and hard surface of glass that is highly desirable in architectural and interior design and can be sound absorbing.
  • Embodiments can be transparent for lighting, durable, scratch and soil resistant and can be aesthetically appealing while having low sound absorption—a characteristic which is uncommon in a material (e.g., glass) known for its intrinsic near-zero sound absorption and large excessive reverberation time (RT).
  • RT reverberation time
  • Conventional glass finds limited use in enclosed spaces such as classrooms, offices, conference rooms, patient wards and elevator cabins due to such large RT; however, exemplary embodiments as described herein can be employed to balance acoustics and provide the aesthetic appeal requested by architects, designers, and residents alike.
  • embodiments have been described as including photosensitive glass, the claims appended herewith should not be so limited as it is envisioned that transparent, substantially transparent, opaque, and/or colored acrylics, glass-ceramics, and polymers can be employed as an exemplary panel and are suitable with the described processes. Furthermore, while some embodiments have been described as having flat panel shapes and specific distributions (e.g., holes in certain patterns), the claims appended herewith should not be so limited as embodiments can be flat or curved (e.g., three dimensional) and can have slits, ridges, channels or other patterns (symmetrical or asymmetrical) depending on the type or types of mask(s) employed. Thus, embodiments can eliminate the need for mechanical or laser drilling process currently used in making sound absorbers and can be shaped in three dimensions to suit any respective design and application needs.
  • Embodiments described herein can also employ a photosensitive substrate material and can be formed with a mask design having micro-features or patterns that can produce the required or desired acoustic absorption in a microperforated panel structure.
  • exemplary embodiments made of photosensitive glass, glass ceramics or other materials can be further decorated using printing technology to add further design appeals. Different native colors of the panel are also possible through heat treatment and material composition design.
  • a method of making a sound absorbing panel can include providing a first sheet of photosensitive material, applying a first mask having a first plurality of features to the first sheet of photosensitive material, and exposing the masked material to ultraviolet light.
  • the step of providing a first sheet of photosensitive material can include the steps of melting the glass and casing the molten glass into thin sheet.
  • the method also includes heating the first sheet of photosensitive material to form crystals in exposed portions of the first sheet and etching the crystals to form a second plurality of features in the first sheet of photosensitive material. In a further embodiment this method can include repeating these steps for a second sheet of photosensitive material.
  • a resilient surface spaced apart from and substantially in the same shape of the first or second sheet of photosensitive material can be provided wherein the first and second sheets of photosensitive material are between the resilient surface and environment.
  • the second plurality of features is substantially similar to the first plurality of features.
  • the method includes applying a second mask having a third plurality of features to the etched first sheet of photosensitive material, exposing the masked material to ultraviolet light, heating the first sheet of photosensitive material to form crystals in exposed portions of the first sheet, and etching the crystals to form a fourth plurality of features in the first sheet of photosensitive material.
  • the fourth plurality of features is substantially similar to the first plurality of features.
  • the sheets of materials described herein can be planar or three dimensional.
  • the method can include bending the first sheet of photosensitive material before the step of applying the mask or after the step of etching the crystals.
  • Exemplary photosensitive material can be, but are not limited to, a glass or glass ceramic material.
  • the first sheet photosensitive material can comprise about 75-85 wt % SiO 2 , about 2-6 wt % Al 2 O 3 , about 7-11 wt % Li 2 O, about 3-6 wt % K 2 O, about 0.5-2.5 wt % Na 2 O, about 0.01-0.5 wt % Ag, about 0.01-0.5 wt % Sb 2 O 3 , about 0.01-0.04 wt % CeO 2 , about 0-0.01 wt % Au, and about 0-0.01 wt % SnO 2 .
  • the method can include tinting, coloring or decorating the first sheet of photosensitive material.
  • the sheets of photosensitive material can also be strengthened if necessary.
  • the features provided in the sheet can have a diameter or depth of up to about 20 ⁇ m, up to about 40 ⁇ m, up to about 60 ⁇ m, up to about 100 ⁇ m, up to about 0.1 mm, up to about 0.3 mm, up to about 0.5 mm, up to about 1.0 mm, up to about 1.5 mm, or up to about 2.0 mm.
  • a sound absorbing panel having a first sheet of photosensitive material and a resilient surface spaced apart from the first sheet of photosensitive material by a predetermined distance.
  • the sheet of photosensitive material includes a first plurality of features etched therein, and the dimensions and distribution of the first plurality of features and the predetermined distance are determined as a function of sound aborptive characteristics of the panel.
  • the etched features can be formed by applying a mask having the plurality of features therein to the first sheet of photosensitive material, exposing the masked material to ultraviolet light, heating the material glass to form crystals in the exposed glass, and etching the crystals to form the plurality of features in the first sheet of material.
  • the first sheet of material is three dimensional.
  • Exemplary photosensitive material can be, but are not limited to, a glass or glass ceramic material.
  • the first sheet photosensitive material can comprise about 75-85 wt % SiO 2 , about 2-6 wt % Al 2 O 3 , about 7-11 wt % Li 2 O, about 3-6 wt % K 2 O, about 0.5-2.5 wt % Na 2 O, about 0.01-0.5 wt % Ag, about 0.01-0.5 wt % Sb 2 O 3 , about 0.01-0.04 wt % CeO 2 , about 0-0.01 wt % Au, and about 0-0.01 wt % SnO 2 .
  • Exemplary thicknesses of the sheets can be, but are not limited to, up to about 20 ⁇ m, up to about 40 ⁇ m, up to about 60 ⁇ m, up to about 100 ⁇ m, up to about 0.1 mm, up to about 0.3 mm, up to about 0.5 mm, up to about 1.0 mm, up to about 1.5 mm, or up to about 2.0 mm.
  • the photosenstive material can be translucent, transparent, tinted, colored, or decorated and can also be strengthened.
  • the features provided in the sheet can have a diameter or depth of up to about 20 ⁇ m, up to about 40 ⁇ m, up to about 60 ⁇ m, up to about 100 ⁇ m, up to about 0.1 mm, up to about 0.3 mm, up to about 0.5 mm, up to about 1.0 mm, up to about 1.5 mm, or up to about 2.0 mm.
  • the panel includes a second sheet of photosensitive material having a second plurality of features etched therein, the second sheet intermediate the first sheet and the resilient surface.
  • a sound absorbing panel comprising a first sheet of photosensitive material and a resilient surface spaced apart from the first sheet of photosensitive material by a predetermined distance.
  • the first sheet of photosensitive material can include a plurality of features formed therein without mechanical etching.
  • the etched features can be formed by applying a mask having the plurality of features therein to the first sheet of photosensitive material, exposing the masked material to ultraviolet light, heating the material glass to form crystals in the exposed glass, and etching the crystals to form the plurality of features in the first sheet of material.
  • the first sheet of material is three dimensional.
  • Exemplary photosensitive material can be, but are not limited to, a glass or glass ceramic material.
  • the first sheet photosensitive material can comprise about 75-85 wt % SiO 2 , about 2-6 wt % Al 2 O 3 , about 7-11 wt % Li 2 O, about 3-6 wt % K 2 O, about 0.5-2.5 wt % Na 2 O, about 0.01-0.5 wt % Ag, about 0.01-0.5 wt % Sb 2 O 3 , about 0.01-0.04 wt % CeO 2 , about 0-0.01 wt % Au, and about 0-0.01 wt % SnO 2 .
  • Exemplary thicknesses of the sheets can be, but are not limited to, up to about 20 ⁇ m, up to about 40 ⁇ m, up to about 60 ⁇ m, up to about 100 ⁇ m, up to about 0.1 mm, up to about 0.3 mm, up to about 0.5 mm, up to about 1.0 mm, up to about 1.5 mm, or up to about 2.0 mm.
  • the photosenstive material can be translucent, transparent, tinted, colored, or decorated and can also be strengthened or, specifically, chemically strengthened or thermally strengthened.
  • the features provided in the sheet can have a diameter or depth of up to about 20 ⁇ m, up to about 40 ⁇ m, up to about 60 ⁇ m, up to about 100 ⁇ m, up to about 0.1 mm, up to about 0.3 mm, up to about 0.5 mm, up to about 1.0 mm, up to about 1.5 mm, or up to about 2.0 mm.
  • the panel includes a second sheet of photosensitive material having a second plurality of features etched therein, the second sheet intermediate the first sheet and the resilient surface.
  • FIGS. 1-9 various embodiments for transparent sound absorbing panels have been described.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
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  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
US14/660,230 2014-03-20 2015-03-17 Transparent sound absorbing panels Abandoned US20150267402A1 (en)

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US20170146841A1 (en) * 2015-05-27 2017-05-25 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Touch display panel, producing method thereof, and display apparatus
CN106757024A (zh) * 2016-12-01 2017-05-31 辽宁融达新材料科技有限公司 一种微缝吸音板制造方法
US20180245334A1 (en) * 2017-02-27 2018-08-30 Knoll, Inc. Noise reduction apparatus and method of making and using the same
CN110049956A (zh) * 2016-11-04 2019-07-23 康宁公司 微穿孔板系统、应用以及制造微穿孔板系统的方法
CN113012673A (zh) * 2021-03-16 2021-06-22 合肥工业大学 一种吸声频带可调的吸声体
US20210331613A1 (en) * 2020-04-28 2021-10-28 Global Ip Holdings, Llc Anti-Microbial, Partition Divider Assembly for a Cart such as a Golf Cart
US11254087B2 (en) 2017-04-26 2022-02-22 Corning Incorporated Micro-perforated glass laminates and methods of making the same
US20220148550A1 (en) * 2019-03-04 2022-05-12 Corning Incorporated Micro-perforated panel systems, applications, and methods of making micro-perforated panel systems
AT526400A1 (de) * 2022-07-29 2024-02-15 Admonter Holzindustrie Ag Bauplatte

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CN110683760A (zh) * 2019-11-13 2020-01-14 上海高诚创意科技集团有限公司 一种抗摔微晶玻璃及其制备方法和应用
CN111718120A (zh) * 2020-07-09 2020-09-29 电子科技大学 Li-Al-Si光敏玻璃及其制备方法

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US20170146841A1 (en) * 2015-05-27 2017-05-25 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Touch display panel, producing method thereof, and display apparatus
US9885902B2 (en) * 2015-05-27 2018-02-06 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Touch display panel, producing method thereof, and display apparatus
US20170036941A1 (en) * 2015-08-07 2017-02-09 Samsung Display Co., Ltd. Fabrication method of strengthened glass and fabrication method of display device
US10843960B2 (en) * 2015-08-07 2020-11-24 Samsung Display Co., Ltd. Fabrication method of strengthened glass and fabrication method of display device
CN110049956A (zh) * 2016-11-04 2019-07-23 康宁公司 微穿孔板系统、应用以及制造微穿孔板系统的方法
US11608291B2 (en) * 2016-11-04 2023-03-21 Corning Incorporated Micro-perforated panel systems, applications, and methods of making micro-perforated panel systems
CN106757024A (zh) * 2016-12-01 2017-05-31 辽宁融达新材料科技有限公司 一种微缝吸音板制造方法
US20180245334A1 (en) * 2017-02-27 2018-08-30 Knoll, Inc. Noise reduction apparatus and method of making and using the same
US10961700B2 (en) * 2017-02-27 2021-03-30 Knoll, Inc. Noise reduction apparatus and method of making and using the same
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US11254087B2 (en) 2017-04-26 2022-02-22 Corning Incorporated Micro-perforated glass laminates and methods of making the same
US20220148550A1 (en) * 2019-03-04 2022-05-12 Corning Incorporated Micro-perforated panel systems, applications, and methods of making micro-perforated panel systems
US11565615B2 (en) * 2020-04-28 2023-01-31 Global Ip Holdings, Llc Anti-microbial, partition divider assembly for a cart such as a golf cart
US20210331613A1 (en) * 2020-04-28 2021-10-28 Global Ip Holdings, Llc Anti-Microbial, Partition Divider Assembly for a Cart such as a Golf Cart
CN113012673A (zh) * 2021-03-16 2021-06-22 合肥工业大学 一种吸声频带可调的吸声体
AT526400A1 (de) * 2022-07-29 2024-02-15 Admonter Holzindustrie Ag Bauplatte
AT526400B1 (de) * 2022-07-29 2024-05-15 Admonter Holzindustrie Ag Bauplatte

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CN106414353A (zh) 2017-02-15
EP3119726A1 (fr) 2017-01-25
WO2015142978A1 (fr) 2015-09-24

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