US20150221446A1 - Dye-sensitized solar cell - Google Patents
Dye-sensitized solar cell Download PDFInfo
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- US20150221446A1 US20150221446A1 US14/683,899 US201514683899A US2015221446A1 US 20150221446 A1 US20150221446 A1 US 20150221446A1 US 201514683899 A US201514683899 A US 201514683899A US 2015221446 A1 US2015221446 A1 US 2015221446A1
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- sensitized solar
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007756 gravure coating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2068—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2022—Light-sensitive devices characterized by he counter electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1884—Manufacture of transparent electrodes, e.g. TCO, ITO
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/81—Electrodes
- H10K30/82—Transparent electrodes, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes
- H10K30/83—Transparent electrodes, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes comprising arrangements for extracting the current from the cell, e.g. metal finger grid systems to reduce the serial resistance of transparent electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell including therein mesh type metal wire(s).
- DSSC dye-sensitized solar cells
- a typical unit dye-sensitized solar cell includes a working electrode, a counter electrode, and an electrolyte 170 filled therebetween.
- the working electrode and the counter electrode are stacked and bonded to each other by means of a bonding material 160 .
- the working electrode includes a transparent conductive layer 110 , an oxide semiconductor thick film 120 , a metal electrode 130 , and a metal electrode protecting layer 140 .
- a Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) transparent conductive layer can be used as the transparent conductive layer 110 .
- the transparent conductive layer 110 is coated on a surface of a transparent substrate 100 so that photoelectrons can flow through the transparent conductive layer 110 .
- the oxide semiconductor thick film 120 is formed with porous nanoparticles.
- Dye molecules are adsorbed on the oxide semiconductor thick film 120 .
- the dye molecules function to absorb light and emit electrons. The emitted electrons are to be moved to an external electrode.
- the metal electrode 130 is formed in a metal grid structure and acts as a collector electrode.
- the metal electrode protecting layer 140 (e.g., glass frit) is provided to protect the metal electrode 130 by preventing corrosion of the metal electrode 130 .
- the counter electrode includes a transparent conductive layer 110 , a metal electrode 130 ; a metal electrode protecting layer 140 , and a catalytic electrode 150 .
- the transparent conductive layer 110 , the metal electrode 130 , and the metal electrode protecting layer 140 of the counter electrode have the same or similar structures of those of the working electrode.
- the catalytic electrode 150 contains a catalyst such as platinum.
- the electrolyte 170 can be oxidized during the operation of the dye-sensitized solar cell.
- the counter electrode serves to suitably reduce the electrolyte 170 in case the oxidation occurs.
- the efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell may become decreased due to relatively high resistance of the transparent conductive layer 110 .
- the metal electrode 130 is provided to minimize the decrease in the efficiency. Meanwhile, if the area of the metal electrode 130 is large, the efficiency can be less decreased, but the effective areas of the oxide semiconductor thick film 120 (photo electrode films) may be reduced, thereby lowering the overall output of the dye-sensitized solar cell
- the present invention provides a dye-sensitized solar cell including: a working electrode including a transparent conductive layer coated on a surface of a transparent substrate, an oxide semiconductor thick film to which a dye absorbing light and emitting electrons is adsorbed, and a metal electrode acting as a collector electrode; and a counter electrode including a transparent conductive layer coated on a surface of a transparent substrate, a metal electrode acting as a collector electrode, and a catalytic electrode, wherein metal wires are formed at equal intervals on an inner surface of the transparent substrate or on an inner surface of the transparent conductive layer of the working electrode, and the metal wires are conductively connected to a collector electrode.
- the metal electrodes formed on an inner surface of the transparent conductive layer of the working electrode at equal intervals are covered by the oxide semiconductor thick films formed on a surface of the transparent conductive layer, and the metal electrodes formed on an inner surface of the transparent conductive layer of the counter electrode at equal intervals are covered by the catalytic electrodes.
- the metal electrode of the working electrode and the metal electrode of the counter electrode are inserted into and arranged in inner surfaces of the transparent substrates.
- the metal electrode of the working electrode and the metal electrode of the counter electrode are inserted into and arranged in inner surfaces of the transparent conductive layers.
- the metal wires form one structure selected from a structure where the metal wires are linearly arranged at equal intervals longitudinally or transversely, a structure where the metal wires are linearly arranged at equal intervals obliquely, a mesh type structure where the metal wires cross longitudinally and transversely, a mesh type structure where the metal wires are arranged linearly in a longitudinal direction and arranged obliquely in a transverse direction, and a mesh type structure where the metal wires cross each other obliquely.
- the metal wires are arranged to have a width of 0.001 to 2000 micrometers, maintain an interval of 0.001 to 20000 micrometers, and have a height of 0.001 to 20 micrometers.
- the metal wires are arranged to have a width of 0.001 to 1000 micrometers, maintain an interval of 0.01 to 10000 micrometers, and have a height of 0.001 to 10 micrometers.
- each of the metal wires may be formed by coating a liquid such as ink or paste containing a metal on a surface of the transparent conductive layer through a well-known coating method such as screen printing, ink-jet printing, gravure coating, bar coating, and spraying.
- a well-known coating method such as screen printing, ink-jet printing, gravure coating, bar coating, and spraying.
- they may be formed through sputtering, by directly attaching a solid metal wire having a specific shape, or through any method for forming a metal wire.
- the dye-sensitized solar cells according to the present invention have advantageous effects.
- the effective area of the photo electrode can be enhanced while the transparency of the dye-sensitized solar cells is not degraded and.
- the dye-sensitized solar cells can be manufactured in simpler steps and at lower cost.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are sectional views illustrating a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are sectional views illustrating a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are sectional views illustrating a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 4A to 1C are sectional views illustrating a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 5A to 5C are sectional views illustrating a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 6A to 6I are sectional views illustrating a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a view schematically illustrating examples of structure of metal wires that can be used in dye-sensitized solar cells according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view illustrating a conventional dye-sensitized solar cell.
- a dye-sensitized solar cell includes a working electrode, and a counter electrode, and an electrolyte 170 filled therebetween.
- the working electrode and the counter electrode are stacked and bonded to each other by means of a bonding material 160 .
- the working electrode includes a transparent conductive layer 110 , an oxide semiconductor thick film 120 , a metal electrode 130 , and a metal electrode protecting layer 140 .
- a Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) transparent conductive layer can be used as the transparent conductive layer 110 .
- the transparent conductive layer 110 is coated on a surface of a transparent substrate 100 so that photoelectrons can flow through the transparent conductive layer 110 .
- the oxide semiconductor thick film 120 is formed with porous nanoparticles.
- Dye molecules are adsorbed on the oxide semiconductor thick film 120 .
- the dye molecules function to absorb light and emit electrons. The emitted electrons are to be moved to an external electrode.
- the metal electrode 130 is formed in a metal grid structure and acts as a collector electrode.
- the metal electrode protecting layer 140 (e.g., glass frit) is provided to protect the metal electrode 130 by preventing corrosion of the metal electrode 130 .
- the oxide semiconductor thick film 120 is arranged between adjacent metal electrode protecting layers 140 .
- the counter electrode includes a transparent conductive layer 110 , a metal electrode 130 ; a metal electrode protecting layer 140 , and a catalytic electrode 150 .
- the transparent conductive layer 110 , the metal electrode 130 , and the metal electrode protecting layer 140 of the counter electrode have the same or similar structures of those of the working electrode.
- the catalytic electrode 150 contains a catalyst such as platinum and is arranged between adjacent metal electrode protecting layers 140 .
- a plurality of thin metal wires 180 are formed in the transparent conductive layer 110 (preferably, on an inner surface of the transparent conductive layer) of the working electrode.
- each of the metal wires 180 is linear or mesh-type.
- the width of the metal wire 180 can be adjusted so as to obtain sufficient transparency and electricity collecting performance of the dye-sensitized solar cell. If the width of the metal wire 180 is too small, the electricity collecting performance of the dye-sensitized solar cell may not be satisfactory. On the other hand, if the width of the metal wire 180 is too great, the transparency of the dye-sensitized solar cell may not be satisfactory.
- the metal wire 180 may have a width of 0.001 to 2000 micrometers. More preferably, the metal wire 180 may have a width of 0.001 to 1000 micrometers.
- the height of the metal wire 180 can be adjusted so as to obtain proper thickness of the transparent conductive layer 110 and/or the dye-sensitized solar cell.
- the height of the metal wire 180 may be in the range of 0.001 to 10 micrometers.
- the metal wires 180 are formed on an inner surface of the transparent conductive layer 110 of the working electrode.
- the metal wires 180 can be formed in various ways.
- the metal wires 180 may be formed by coating a gas, liquid, or a solid (e.g., sol, ink, and paste) containing a metal on a surface portion(s) of the transparent conductive layer 110 by a known coating method such as screen printing, ink-jet printing, gravure coating, bar coating, and spraying, by sputtering, or by directly attaching a solid metal wire having a specific shape.
- the metal wires 180 may be formed at predetermined intervals and with predetermined shapes.
- the metal wires 180 may be formed at equal intervals. They may also be formed at different intervals. Also, they may be formed in parallel to each other. In addition, they may be of a mesh type where two or more different lines overlap at one or more points. As shown in FIG. 1B , the metal wires 180 may be connected directly to the metal electrode 130 and a metal collector electrode 130 - 1 .
- the metal wires 180 are arranged so as not to degrade the transparency of the transparent conductive layer 110 and act as a collector electrode together with the metal electrode 130 to increase electricity collecting efficiency. As a result, the metal wires 180 increase electricity collecting efficiency while maintaining the effective areas of the oxide semiconductor thick film 120 and the metal electrode 130 .
- a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the second embodiment of the present invention has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment of the present invention, except that as illustrated in FIG. 2A , the oxide semiconductor thick film 120 (i.e., the photo electrode layer containing porous nanoparticles) of the working electrode is stacked to cover the metal electrode protecting layer 140 of the working electrode and the oxide semiconductor thick film 120 of the counter electrode is stacked to cover the metal electrode protecting layer 140 of the counter electrode, thereby increasing the effective areas of the oxide semiconductor thick films 120 .
- the oxide semiconductor thick film 120 i.e., the photo electrode layer containing porous nanoparticles
- the metal wires 180 may be formed in a mesh type structure where the metal wires 180 cross each other diagonally, thereby increasing electricity collecting efficiency.
- the thickness of the oxide semiconductor thick films 120 may cause an increase in the overall thickness of the dye-sensitized solar cell.
- the overall thickness can be controlled by making the metal electrode 130 and/or the metal electrode protecting layer 140 thinner.
- a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the third embodiment of the present invention has the same configuration as that of the second embodiment of the present invention, except for the position of the metal electrodes 130 .
- the metal electrodes 130 of the working electrode and the metal electrodes 130 of the counter electrode are disposed inside the respective transparent conductive layers 110 on the outer surface of the respective transparent conductive layers 110 that each faces the inner surface of the respective transparent substrates 100 . Accordingly, a uniform thickness of the oxide semiconductor thick film 120 (and the resulting dye-sensitized solar cell) can be ensured.
- the metal wires 180 may, suitably, be arranged inside the transparent conductive layer 110 on the outer surface of the transparent conductive layer 110 between adjacent metal electrodes 130 to thereby increase electricity collecting efficiency.
- a separate metal electrode protecting layer 140 may not be necessary, which can reduce manufacturing steps and costs.
- the working electrode may have the above-described configuration while the counter electrode may have the same configuration as descried in the second embodiment.
- a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention has the same working electrode as that of the third embodiment of the present invention, except for the position of the metal electrodes 130 .
- the transparent substrate 100 of the working electrode is provided with recesses on the inner surface thereof and the metal electrodes 130 of the working electrode are disposed inside the recesses.
- the counter electrode may have the same structures as described in the other embodiments (e.g., FIG. 2A and FIG. 3A ), as illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B . Also, the counter electrode may have the same structure as described in FIG. 4B except that the metal wires are disposed inside recesses provided with the transparent substrate 100 , as illustrated in FIG. 4C
- the manufacturing steps/costs can be reduced and an uniform thickness of the dye-sensitized solar sells can be ensured.
- a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention has the same working electrode as that of the third embodiment of the present invention, except that the working electrode of the fifth embodiment does not have metal electrodes 130 and it has the metal wires 180 more densely, as illustrated in FIG. 5A .
- the counter electrode may have the same structures as described in the other embodiments (e.g., FIG. 2A ).
- the counter electrode may also be provided with metal wires 180 in the same manner as the working electrode.
- the metal electrodes of the counter electrode can be formed by metal wires 180 .
- the metal wires 180 may cross each other to be inclined with respect to each other, or a metal band piece acting as a metal electrode may be formed wide only at peripheral portions of the metal wires 180 , increasing electricity collecting efficiency.
- a performance of the solar cell can be enhanced, a thickness of the solar cell can be decreased, and a manufacturing of the solar cell can be simplified by increasing an effective area of the oxide semiconductor thick film 120 and replacing the metal electrode 130 by the metal wires 180 .
- a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention has the same working electrode as that of the fifth embodiment of the present invention, except that the working electrode of the sixth embodiment has the metal wires 180 inside the transparent substrate 100 (or on the inner surface thereof), as illustrated in FIGS. 6A to 6H .
- the working electrode may have metal electrodes 130 in recesses formed in the inner surface of the transparent substrate 100 and it has metal wires 180 between adjacent metal electrodes 130 , as illustrated in FIG. 6I .
- the counter electrode may have the same structures as described in the other embodiments (e.g., FIGS. 4A to 4C ), as illustrated in FIGS. 6A to 6C . Also, the counter electrode may have modified structures as shown in FIGS. 6D to 6I , detailed description of which is omitted as the respective configurations are apparent from the above-described configurations.
- the metal wires 180 can act as a collecting electrode of the working electrode and/or the counter electrode, increasing electricity collecting efficiency.
- FIG. 7 Non-limiting examples of the structure of the metal wires 180 are illustrated in FIG. 7 , in which the metal wires may be linearly arranged at equal intervals longitudinally or transversely; the metal wires may be linearly arranged at equal intervals obliquely, the metal wires may cross longitudinally and transversely; the metal wires may be arranged linearly in the longitudinal direction and obliquely in the transverse direction; the metal wires may cross each other obliquely; and the metal wires may have a peripheral rim.
Abstract
The present invention provides a dye-sensitized solar cell which enhances an area of a photo electrode by arranging metal wires on a surface of a transparent substrate or a transparent conductive layer without degrading a transparency of the solar cell, allowing the metal wires to act as a collector electrode exclusively or together with a metal electrode.
Description
- This application claims under 35 U.S.C. §119(a) the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2011-0090571 filed Sep. 7, 2011, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- (a) Technical Field
- The present invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell including therein mesh type metal wire(s).
- (b) Background Art
- Recently, with growing interest on eco-friendly energy sources, there have been active studies on photoelectric conversion elements such as solar cells. Among them are dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), which are applicable to various industry areas including construction industry and vehicle industry.
- As shown in
FIG. 8 , a typical unit dye-sensitized solar cell includes a working electrode, a counter electrode, and anelectrolyte 170 filled therebetween. The working electrode and the counter electrode are stacked and bonded to each other by means of a bondingmaterial 160. - The working electrode includes a transparent
conductive layer 110, an oxide semiconductorthick film 120, ametal electrode 130, and a metal electrode protectinglayer 140. A Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) transparent conductive layer, for example, can be used as the transparentconductive layer 110. The transparentconductive layer 110 is coated on a surface of atransparent substrate 100 so that photoelectrons can flow through the transparentconductive layer 110. The oxide semiconductorthick film 120 is formed with porous nanoparticles. Dye molecules are adsorbed on the oxide semiconductorthick film 120. The dye molecules function to absorb light and emit electrons. The emitted electrons are to be moved to an external electrode. Themetal electrode 130 is formed in a metal grid structure and acts as a collector electrode. The metal electrode protecting layer 140 (e.g., glass frit) is provided to protect themetal electrode 130 by preventing corrosion of themetal electrode 130. - The counter electrode includes a transparent
conductive layer 110, ametal electrode 130; a metal electrode protectinglayer 140, and acatalytic electrode 150. The transparentconductive layer 110, themetal electrode 130, and the metal electrode protectinglayer 140 of the counter electrode have the same or similar structures of those of the working electrode. Thecatalytic electrode 150 contains a catalyst such as platinum. Theelectrolyte 170 can be oxidized during the operation of the dye-sensitized solar cell. The counter electrode serves to suitably reduce theelectrolyte 170 in case the oxidation occurs. - If the dye-sensitized solar cell has a certain size or greater, the efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell may become decreased due to relatively high resistance of the transparent
conductive layer 110. Themetal electrode 130 is provided to minimize the decrease in the efficiency. Meanwhile, if the area of themetal electrode 130 is large, the efficiency can be less decreased, but the effective areas of the oxide semiconductor thick film 120 (photo electrode films) may be reduced, thereby lowering the overall output of the dye-sensitized solar cell - The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
- In one aspect, the present invention provides a dye-sensitized solar cell including: a working electrode including a transparent conductive layer coated on a surface of a transparent substrate, an oxide semiconductor thick film to which a dye absorbing light and emitting electrons is adsorbed, and a metal electrode acting as a collector electrode; and a counter electrode including a transparent conductive layer coated on a surface of a transparent substrate, a metal electrode acting as a collector electrode, and a catalytic electrode, wherein metal wires are formed at equal intervals on an inner surface of the transparent substrate or on an inner surface of the transparent conductive layer of the working electrode, and the metal wires are conductively connected to a collector electrode.
- In an exemplary embodiment, the metal electrodes formed on an inner surface of the transparent conductive layer of the working electrode at equal intervals are covered by the oxide semiconductor thick films formed on a surface of the transparent conductive layer, and the metal electrodes formed on an inner surface of the transparent conductive layer of the counter electrode at equal intervals are covered by the catalytic electrodes.
- In another exemplary embodiment, the metal electrode of the working electrode and the metal electrode of the counter electrode are inserted into and arranged in inner surfaces of the transparent substrates.
- In still another exemplary embodiment, the metal electrode of the working electrode and the metal electrode of the counter electrode are inserted into and arranged in inner surfaces of the transparent conductive layers.
- In particular, the metal wires form one structure selected from a structure where the metal wires are linearly arranged at equal intervals longitudinally or transversely, a structure where the metal wires are linearly arranged at equal intervals obliquely, a mesh type structure where the metal wires cross longitudinally and transversely, a mesh type structure where the metal wires are arranged linearly in a longitudinal direction and arranged obliquely in a transverse direction, and a mesh type structure where the metal wires cross each other obliquely.
- Preferably, the metal wires are arranged to have a width of 0.001 to 2000 micrometers, maintain an interval of 0.001 to 20000 micrometers, and have a height of 0.001 to 20 micrometers.
- More preferably, the metal wires are arranged to have a width of 0.001 to 1000 micrometers, maintain an interval of 0.01 to 10000 micrometers, and have a height of 0.001 to 10 micrometers.
- According to the present invention, each of the metal wires may be formed by coating a liquid such as ink or paste containing a metal on a surface of the transparent conductive layer through a well-known coating method such as screen printing, ink-jet printing, gravure coating, bar coating, and spraying. Alternatively, they may be formed through sputtering, by directly attaching a solid metal wire having a specific shape, or through any method for forming a metal wire.
- The dye-sensitized solar cells according to the present invention have advantageous effects. For example, the effective area of the photo electrode can be enhanced while the transparency of the dye-sensitized solar cells is not degraded and. The dye-sensitized solar cells can be manufactured in simpler steps and at lower cost.
- The above and other features of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to certain exemplary embodiments thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawings which are given herein below by way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present invention, and wherein:
-
FIGS. 1A and 1B are sectional views illustrating a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIGS. 2A and 2B are sectional views illustrating a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIGS. 3A and 3B are sectional views illustrating a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the third embodiment of the present invention; -
FIGS. 4A to 1C are sectional views illustrating a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention; -
FIGS. 5A to 5C are sectional views illustrating a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention; -
FIGS. 6A to 6I are sectional views illustrating a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 7 is a view schematically illustrating examples of structure of metal wires that can be used in dye-sensitized solar cells according to the present invention; and -
FIG. 8 is a sectional view illustrating a conventional dye-sensitized solar cell. - Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily carry out the invention.
- As illustrated in
FIG. 1A , a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a working electrode, and a counter electrode, and anelectrolyte 170 filled therebetween. The working electrode and the counter electrode are stacked and bonded to each other by means of a bondingmaterial 160. - The working electrode includes a transparent
conductive layer 110, an oxide semiconductorthick film 120, ametal electrode 130, and a metal electrode protectinglayer 140. A Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) transparent conductive layer, for example, can be used as the transparentconductive layer 110. The transparentconductive layer 110 is coated on a surface of atransparent substrate 100 so that photoelectrons can flow through the transparentconductive layer 110. The oxide semiconductorthick film 120 is formed with porous nanoparticles. Dye molecules are adsorbed on the oxide semiconductorthick film 120. The dye molecules function to absorb light and emit electrons. The emitted electrons are to be moved to an external electrode. Themetal electrode 130 is formed in a metal grid structure and acts as a collector electrode. The metal electrode protecting layer 140 (e.g., glass frit) is provided to protect themetal electrode 130 by preventing corrosion of themetal electrode 130. The oxide semiconductorthick film 120 is arranged between adjacent metal electrode protecting layers 140. - The counter electrode includes a transparent
conductive layer 110, ametal electrode 130; a metalelectrode protecting layer 140, and acatalytic electrode 150. The transparentconductive layer 110, themetal electrode 130, and the metalelectrode protecting layer 140 of the counter electrode have the same or similar structures of those of the working electrode. Thecatalytic electrode 150 contains a catalyst such as platinum and is arranged between adjacent metal electrode protecting layers 140. - A plurality of
thin metal wires 180 are formed in the transparent conductive layer 110 (preferably, on an inner surface of the transparent conductive layer) of the working electrode. - In particular, each of the
metal wires 180 is linear or mesh-type. The width of themetal wire 180 can be adjusted so as to obtain sufficient transparency and electricity collecting performance of the dye-sensitized solar cell. If the width of themetal wire 180 is too small, the electricity collecting performance of the dye-sensitized solar cell may not be satisfactory. On the other hand, if the width of themetal wire 180 is too great, the transparency of the dye-sensitized solar cell may not be satisfactory. Preferably, themetal wire 180 may have a width of 0.001 to 2000 micrometers. More preferably, themetal wire 180 may have a width of 0.001 to 1000 micrometers. - The height of the
metal wire 180 can be adjusted so as to obtain proper thickness of the transparentconductive layer 110 and/or the dye-sensitized solar cell. Preferably, the height of themetal wire 180 may be in the range of 0.001 to 10 micrometers. - Meanwhile, as illustrated in
FIG. 1B , themetal wires 180 are formed on an inner surface of the transparentconductive layer 110 of the working electrode. Themetal wires 180 can be formed in various ways. For example, themetal wires 180 may be formed by coating a gas, liquid, or a solid (e.g., sol, ink, and paste) containing a metal on a surface portion(s) of the transparentconductive layer 110 by a known coating method such as screen printing, ink-jet printing, gravure coating, bar coating, and spraying, by sputtering, or by directly attaching a solid metal wire having a specific shape. - The
metal wires 180 may be formed at predetermined intervals and with predetermined shapes. For example, themetal wires 180 may be formed at equal intervals. They may also be formed at different intervals. Also, they may be formed in parallel to each other. In addition, they may be of a mesh type where two or more different lines overlap at one or more points. As shown inFIG. 1B , themetal wires 180 may be connected directly to themetal electrode 130 and a metal collector electrode 130-1. - As mentioned above, the
metal wires 180 are arranged so as not to degrade the transparency of the transparentconductive layer 110 and act as a collector electrode together with themetal electrode 130 to increase electricity collecting efficiency. As a result, themetal wires 180 increase electricity collecting efficiency while maintaining the effective areas of the oxide semiconductorthick film 120 and themetal electrode 130. - A dye-sensitized solar cell according to the second embodiment of the present invention has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment of the present invention, except that as illustrated in
FIG. 2A , the oxide semiconductor thick film 120 (i.e., the photo electrode layer containing porous nanoparticles) of the working electrode is stacked to cover the metalelectrode protecting layer 140 of the working electrode and the oxide semiconductorthick film 120 of the counter electrode is stacked to cover the metalelectrode protecting layer 140 of the counter electrode, thereby increasing the effective areas of the oxide semiconductorthick films 120. - According to the second embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in
FIG. 2B , themetal wires 180 may be formed in a mesh type structure where themetal wires 180 cross each other diagonally, thereby increasing electricity collecting efficiency. - Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the thickness of the oxide semiconductor
thick films 120 may cause an increase in the overall thickness of the dye-sensitized solar cell. The overall thickness, however, can be controlled by making themetal electrode 130 and/or the metalelectrode protecting layer 140 thinner. - A dye-sensitized solar cell according to the third embodiment of the present invention has the same configuration as that of the second embodiment of the present invention, except for the position of the
metal electrodes 130. - As illustrated in
FIG. 3A , according to the third embodiment, themetal electrodes 130 of the working electrode and themetal electrodes 130 of the counter electrode are disposed inside the respective transparentconductive layers 110 on the outer surface of the respective transparentconductive layers 110 that each faces the inner surface of the respectivetransparent substrates 100. Accordingly, a uniform thickness of the oxide semiconductor thick film 120 (and the resulting dye-sensitized solar cell) can be ensured. - The
metal wires 180, as illustrated in the first and second embodiments, may, suitably, be arranged inside the transparentconductive layer 110 on the outer surface of the transparentconductive layer 110 betweenadjacent metal electrodes 130 to thereby increase electricity collecting efficiency. - As the
metal electrode 130 is disposed inside the transparentconductive layer 110, a separate metalelectrode protecting layer 140 may not be necessary, which can reduce manufacturing steps and costs. - In some modified embodiments, as illustrated in
FIG. 3B , the working electrode may have the above-described configuration while the counter electrode may have the same configuration as descried in the second embodiment. - A dye-sensitized solar cell according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention has the same working electrode as that of the third embodiment of the present invention, except for the position of the
metal electrodes 130. - As illustrated in
FIGS. 4A to 4C , according to the fourth embodiment, thetransparent substrate 100 of the working electrode is provided with recesses on the inner surface thereof and themetal electrodes 130 of the working electrode are disposed inside the recesses. - The counter electrode may have the same structures as described in the other embodiments (e.g.,
FIG. 2A andFIG. 3A ), as illustrated inFIGS. 4A and 4B . Also, the counter electrode may have the same structure as described inFIG. 4B except that the metal wires are disposed inside recesses provided with thetransparent substrate 100, as illustrated inFIG. 4C - For the same or similar reasons as described with respect the third embodiment, the manufacturing steps/costs can be reduced and an uniform thickness of the dye-sensitized solar sells can be ensured.
- A dye-sensitized solar cell according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention has the same working electrode as that of the third embodiment of the present invention, except that the working electrode of the fifth embodiment does not have
metal electrodes 130 and it has themetal wires 180 more densely, as illustrated inFIG. 5A . - The counter electrode may have the same structures as described in the other embodiments (e.g.,
FIG. 2A ). In some modified embodiments, the counter electrode may also be provided withmetal wires 180 in the same manner as the working electrode. Also, in some other modified embodiments, the metal electrodes of the counter electrode can be formed bymetal wires 180. - Preferably, as can be seen from
FIGS. 5A to 5C , themetal wires 180 may cross each other to be inclined with respect to each other, or a metal band piece acting as a metal electrode may be formed wide only at peripheral portions of themetal wires 180, increasing electricity collecting efficiency. - As mentioned above, according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, a performance of the solar cell can be enhanced, a thickness of the solar cell can be decreased, and a manufacturing of the solar cell can be simplified by increasing an effective area of the oxide semiconductor
thick film 120 and replacing themetal electrode 130 by themetal wires 180. - A dye-sensitized solar cell according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention has the same working electrode as that of the fifth embodiment of the present invention, except that the working electrode of the sixth embodiment has the
metal wires 180 inside the transparent substrate 100 (or on the inner surface thereof), as illustrated inFIGS. 6A to 6H . In some modified embodiments, the working electrode may havemetal electrodes 130 in recesses formed in the inner surface of thetransparent substrate 100 and it hasmetal wires 180 betweenadjacent metal electrodes 130, as illustrated inFIG. 6I . - The counter electrode may have the same structures as described in the other embodiments (e.g.,
FIGS. 4A to 4C ), as illustrated inFIGS. 6A to 6C . Also, the counter electrode may have modified structures as shown inFIGS. 6D to 6I , detailed description of which is omitted as the respective configurations are apparent from the above-described configurations. - As such, the
metal wires 180 can act as a collecting electrode of the working electrode and/or the counter electrode, increasing electricity collecting efficiency. Non-limiting examples of the structure of themetal wires 180 are illustrated inFIG. 7 , in which the metal wires may be linearly arranged at equal intervals longitudinally or transversely; the metal wires may be linearly arranged at equal intervals obliquely, the metal wires may cross longitudinally and transversely; the metal wires may be arranged linearly in the longitudinal direction and obliquely in the transverse direction; the metal wires may cross each other obliquely; and the metal wires may have a peripheral rim. - The invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments thereof. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention (for example, configuring a dye-sensitized solar cell by combining a part or all of one embodiment with a part or all of another embodiment described in the specification; changing the position of the metal wires, etc.), the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1-5. (canceled)
6. A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising:
a working electrode including:
a transparent conductive layer coated on a surface of a transparent substrate,
an oxide semiconductor thick film absorbed with a dye that absorbs light and emit electrons, and; and
a counter electrode including:
a transparent conductive layer coated on a surface of a transparent substrate,
a plurality of metal electrodes connected to the collector electrode, and
a plurality of catalytic electrodes,
wherein metal wires are arranged between inner surfaces of the transparent substrates of the working electrode and outer surfaces of the transparent conductive layers of the working electrode, without metal electrodes being arranged in the working electrode, the metal wires acting as the plurality of metal electrodes.
7. (canceled)
8. The dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 6 , wherein the metal wires form one structure selected from a structure where the metal wires are linearly arranged at equal intervals longitudinally or transversely, a structure where the metal wires are linearly arranged at equal intervals obliquely, a mesh type structure where the metal wires cross longitudinally and transversely, a mesh type structure where the metal wires are arranged linearly in a longitudinal direction and arranged obliquely in a transverse direction, and a mesh type structure where the metal wires cross each other obliquely.
9. The dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 6 , wherein each of the metal wires has a width of 0.001 to 2000 micrometers and a height of 0.001 to 20 micrometers.
10. The dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 6 , wherein each of the metal wires has a width of 0.001 to 1000 micrometers and a height of 0.001 to 10 micrometers.
11. The dye-sensitized solar cell of claim 6 , wherein the metal wires are formed by coating a liquid containing a metal, a gas, or a solid on a surface portion or portions of the transparent substrate or the transparent conductive layer through one selected screen printing, inkjet printing, gravure coating, bar coating, spraying, and sputtering, or by directly forming shapes of metal wires on the surface portion of portions.
12. A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising:
a working electrode including:
a transparent conductive layer coated on a surface of a transparent substrate,
an oxide semiconductor thick film absorbed with a dye that absorbs light and emit electrons, and
a plurality of metal electrodes connected to a collector electrode; and
a counter electrode including:
a transparent conductive layer coated on a surface of a transparent substrate, and
a plurality of catalytic electrodes,
wherein metal wires are arranged in inner surfaces of the transparent substrates of the counter electrode without metal electrodes being arranged in the counter electrode, the metal wires acting as the plurality of metal electrodes.
wherein the metal wires form one structure selected from a structure where the metal wires are linearly arranged at equal intervals longitudinally or transversely, a structure where the metal wires are linearly arranged at equal intervals obliquely, a mesh type structure where the metal wires cross longitudinally and transversely, a mesh type structure where the metal wires are arranged linearly in a longitudinal direction and arranged obliquely in a transverse direction, and a mesh type structure where the metal wires cross each other obliquely.
13. A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising:
a working electrode including:
a transparent conductive layer coated on a surface of a transparent substrate,
an oxide semiconductor thick film absorbed with a dye that absorbs light and emit electrons, and
a counter electrode including:
a transparent conductive layer coated on a surface of a transparent substrate, and
a plurality of catalytic electrodes,
wherein metal wires are arranged in inner surfaces of the transparent substrates of the working electrode and in inner surfaces of the transparent substrates of the counter electrode, without metal electrodes being arranged in the working electrode and the counter electrode, the metal wires acting as the metal electrodes, and
wherein the metal wires form one structure selected from a structure where the metal wires are linearly arranged at equal intervals longitudinally or transversely, a structure where the metal wires are linearly arranged at equal intervals obliquely, a mesh type structure where the metal wires cross longitudinally and transversely, a mesh type structure where the metal wires are arranged linearly in a longitudinal direction and arranged obliquely in a transverse direction, and a mesh type structure where the metal wires cross each other obliquely.
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US14/683,899 US20150221446A1 (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2015-04-10 | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
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KR1020110090571A KR101189578B1 (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2011-09-07 | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
KR10-2011-0090571 | 2011-09-07 | ||
US13/315,969 US9035171B2 (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2011-12-09 | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
US14/683,899 US20150221446A1 (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2015-04-10 | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
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US14/683,899 Abandoned US20150221446A1 (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2015-04-10 | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
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KR (1) | KR101189578B1 (en) |
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JP6048047B2 (en) * | 2012-10-02 | 2016-12-21 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | Dye-sensitized solar cell and photoelectrode for dye-sensitized solar cell |
KR101459898B1 (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2014-11-10 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Photo electrodes for dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell and method for manufacturing the same |
KR101534941B1 (en) | 2013-11-15 | 2015-07-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | a method for forming conductive electrode patterns and a method for manufacturing colar cells comprising thereof |
KR101646371B1 (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2016-08-05 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Solar power generator for Windows |
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JP4415448B2 (en) | 2000-03-29 | 2010-02-17 | パナソニック電工株式会社 | Photoelectric conversion element |
US7022910B2 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2006-04-04 | Konarka Technologies, Inc. | Photovoltaic cells utilizing mesh electrodes |
WO2004032274A1 (en) * | 2002-10-03 | 2004-04-15 | Fujikura Ltd. | Electrode substrate, photoelectric conversion elememt, conductive glass substrate and production method therefo, and pigment sensitizing solar cell |
JP4601282B2 (en) | 2003-11-07 | 2010-12-22 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Electrode substrate for dye-sensitized solar cell, method for producing the same, and dye-sensitized solar cell |
JP2005196982A (en) | 2003-12-26 | 2005-07-21 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
JP2005228615A (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2005-08-25 | Bridgestone Corp | Dye-sensitized solar cell and its electrode |
JP2005293862A (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-20 | Sekisui Jushi Co Ltd | Solar cell |
JP4635474B2 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2011-02-23 | ソニー株式会社 | Photoelectric conversion element and transparent conductive substrate used therefor |
JP2007018909A (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2007-01-25 | Kyocera Corp | Manufacturing method for photoelectric conversion device |
JP2007265636A (en) | 2006-03-27 | 2007-10-11 | Sekisui Jushi Co Ltd | Current collecting wire forming method of dye-sensitized solar cell and dye-sensitized solar cell |
JP4841574B2 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2011-12-21 | 株式会社Spd研究所 | Dye-sensitized solar cell module and manufacturing method thereof |
-
2011
- 2011-09-07 KR KR1020110090571A patent/KR101189578B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2011-12-09 US US13/315,969 patent/US9035171B2/en active Active
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US20060289057A1 (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2006-12-28 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
US20110168253A1 (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2011-07-14 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Electrode substrate and photoelectric transformation device |
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DE102011089013B4 (en) | 2024-05-08 |
DE102011089013A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
US20130056057A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
KR101189578B1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
CN102983004A (en) | 2013-03-20 |
CN102983004B (en) | 2017-10-20 |
US9035171B2 (en) | 2015-05-19 |
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