US20150210986A1 - Virus purification and formulation process - Google Patents
Virus purification and formulation process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150210986A1 US20150210986A1 US14/423,394 US201314423394A US2015210986A1 US 20150210986 A1 US20150210986 A1 US 20150210986A1 US 201314423394 A US201314423394 A US 201314423394A US 2015210986 A1 US2015210986 A1 US 2015210986A1
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- virus
- purification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N7/00—Viruses; Bacteriophages; Compositions thereof; Preparation or purification thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2770/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses positive-sense
- C12N2770/00011—Details
- C12N2770/24011—Flaviviridae
- C12N2770/24111—Flavivirus, e.g. yellow fever virus, dengue, JEV
- C12N2770/24151—Methods of production or purification of viral material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2770/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses positive-sense
- C12N2770/00011—Details
- C12N2770/24011—Flaviviridae
- C12N2770/24111—Flavivirus, e.g. yellow fever virus, dengue, JEV
- C12N2770/24161—Methods of inactivation or attenuation
- C12N2770/24163—Methods of inactivation or attenuation by chemical treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a method of purifying biologics, such as a virus or modified virus, and a method of formulating the biologic, for example, a virus and adjuvant.
- biologics such as a virus or modified virus
- a virus purification process for producing highly purified virus product having no residual sucrose without significant virus loss such as that which is typically encountered by prior art virus purification processes.
- the disclosed process captures and purifies the virus, separating it from the host cell proteins and DNA, and leaving the host cell proteins and DNA behind.
- the process also can be used to inactivate and/or concentrate the virus sufficiently for use in formulations.
- Also disclosed herein is a one-step process for producing a formulation wherein the concentrated virus particles are not aggregated or clumped together.
- the disclosed process utilizes adjuvants and buffer exchanges to process the virus, and results in a final, buffered virus formulation.
- An embodiment of the process can also be used for formulation of other biologics.
- FIG. 1 is a process chromatogram for Experiment Y1626A, an embodiment of the new downstream process disclosed herein that is used to purify and formulate a harvest of modified YF virus.
- FIG. 2 is a process chromatogram for Experiment Y1632A, an embodiment of the new downstream process disclosed herein that is used to purify and formulate a harvest of modified YF virus, comparing elutions using CELLUFINE® sulphate and CAPTOTM Core 700.
- FIG. 3 is a process chromatogram for Experiment Y1637A.
- FIG. 4 is a process chromatogram for Experiment Y1639A using CELLUFINE® Sulfate column.
- FIG. 5 is a process chromatogram for Experiment Y1639A using CAPTOTM DeVirS Column.
- FIG. 6 is a flow diagram for an embodiment of the old downstream purification process and a flow diagram for an embodiment of the new downstream purification process.
- FIG. 7 is a flow diagram for the embodiment of the old downstream purification process shown in FIG. 6 and a flow diagram for an embodiment of the new and improved downstream purification process.
- FIG. 8 is a flow diagram for another embodiment of an old downstream purification process and a flow diagram for an embodiment of the new and improved downstream purification process, Number 3.
- the inventors of the present subject matter have now discovered a process for preparing a highly purified biological composition, such as, for example, a virus.
- the process is particularly useful for purifying a flavivirus, e.g., a Yellow Fever Virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, and West Nile virus.
- a flavivirus e.g., a Yellow Fever Virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, and West Nile virus.
- the examples provided herein are for purifying a Yellow Fever virus, but with no more than routine experimentation, could be used to purify other types of viruses.
- the disclosed process significantly reduces the loss of viral particles as compared to prior art methods for obtaining a highly purified sample of a biologic.
- Use of an embodiment of the disclosed method also significantly lowers the amount of sucrose in the final purified product as compared to prior art methods of purification.
- YF Yellow Fever
- YF virus may be grown on Vero cells, harvested, inactivated, and purified.
- prior art methods for downstream purification of a virus provide a YF virus recovery of only about 20 percent (%); and the final virus product for dosing includes a relatively high amount of Host Cell Protein (HCP).
- HCP Host Cell Protein
- a typical YF vaccine dose for a phase 1 clinical trial may be about 0.5 milliliters (ml) of YF virus in a suspension.
- the remaining HCP in a dose purified by prior art methods may typically be about forty-five thousand nanograms (45,000 ng/dose) wherein the dose is about 8.3 log10 Viral Equivalents (VE).
- VE is the Elisa unit for YF.
- the disclosed method provides, for the modified YF virus purification tests run to date, a downstream virus recovery of from about 30 percent to about 100 percent; and for a dose of about 0.5 milliliters (ml) of YF virus, a HCP level that is below the limit of detection of the commercially used vero cell HCP assay.
- Modified Yellow fever virus was prepared from the attenuated YF 17D virus available commercially as the vaccine, YF-VAX® (Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater Pa.).
- the attenuated YF 17D virus was adapted by serial passage to replicate more efficiently in Vero cells derived from the WHO Vero 10-87 Cell Bank and passaged in serum free medium. 10 serial passages were used to modify the nucleotide sequence of the viral genome virus to develop a seed virus with enhanced growth in Vero cells for preparation of an inactivated Yellow Fever virus candidate.
- the master and working virus seeds were manufactured from the conditioned cell culture medium harvested from stationary cultures of Vero cells prepared from the Manufacturers' Working Cell bank (MWCB).
- MWCB Manufacturers' Working Cell bank
- the working virus seed was used to infect Vero cells prepared from the MWCB grown on CYTODEXTM 1 microcarriers in either a 50 liter, single use bioreactor (working volume 25 to 40 L) or a 10L glass bioreactor (working volume 8 L) (Xcellerex, Inc., Marlborough, Mass.).
- the virus released into the cell culture medium was harvested from about 5 to about 7 days after infection. From about 2 days to about 3 days before harvest of the virus, the culture was re-fed with fresh medium. This re-feeding step has been shown to increase virus yield. See PCT/US2010/043013, “Drain Down and Re-Feed of Microcarrier Bioreactor,” filed 23 Jul. 2010 and published 27 Jan. 2011 as WO 2011/011660, the entire teachings of which are incorporated herein by
- the New Downstream Process outlined in the right side of FIG. 6 can have the following steps, each represented by a rectangle in the Figure: Following Virus Harvest, (1) Clarification using a depth filter, and buffer adjustment. (2) BENZONASE® digestion and 0.2 Micron Filtration, producing a live virus bulk. (3) Purification using CELLUFINE® Sulfate Chromatography and Dilution for inactivation step. (4) Virus Inactivation and 0.45 Micron Filtration. (5) Sucrose Gradient UltraCentrifugation. (6) Identify Fractions; Pool Fractions; Warm to from about 25° C. to about 30° C.; 0.2 Micron Filtration, forming Bulk Drug Substance, a purified, inactivated virus. (7) Alum Binding and Formulation.
- the New and Improved Downstream Process outlined in the right side of FIG. 7 can have the steps as in the New Downstream Process shown in FIG. 6 , with the following changes.
- GE CAPTOTMCore 7FT with one percent (Human Serum Albumin) HSA or rHSA and adjustment to 20 percent sucrose/0.0005 percent TWEENTM-20.
- the virus inactivation there is an adjustment with one percent human albumin or rhuman albumin and 0.2 micron filtration to yield the bulk drug substance which can then be formulated with Alum, buffer exchange, and stabilizers.
- virus data determined by the 2E10 monoclonal antibody is elevated when bound to alum. While not being bound by theory, we postulated that the virus particle is arranged on the surface of the alum hydrogel so that the epitope may be presented in a more open form. Another hypothesis is that the particles are arranged in a more symmetrical manner, thus precluding the formation of aggregates which could mask epitope exposure.
- the conditioned cell culture medium containing virus was removed from the bioreactor and clarified by depth filtration.
- a Millipore DE50 depth filter was used to clarify the Virus Harvest.
- the depth filter was flushed twice, once with USP purified H 2 O followed by buffer with the target formulation 20 mM Tris, 145 mM NaCl, pH 8.
- the harvest material was passed through the depth filter at a flow rate of approximately 500 mL/min and a pressure not to exceed 25 psi.
- Filtered material was collected into a bioprocess single-use bag.
- the depth filter was chased with the same buffer and the chase volume was combined with the original filtrate.
- the material was adjusted to a target formulation of 50 mM Tris, pH 8 and 2 mM MgCl2 in preparation for the subsequent BENZONASE® treatment step.
- the adjusted clarified harvest was mixed for approximately 10 min at room temperature.
- the adjusted clarified virus intermediate was treated with BENZONASE® in order to fragment Vero cell DNA.
- BENZONASE® was added to the adjusted clarified virus to a final target concentration of 3 units/mL, and the suspension was mixed for 16 to 18 hours at room temperature. After BENZONASE® treatment the product pool was 0.5 ⁇ m filtered.
- CELLUFINE® sulfate (Chisso, Tokyo, Japan) is a virus affinity resin designed to concentrate, purify and depyrogenate virus. This process step significantly reduces Vero cell proteins, endotoxin and Vero cell DNA.
- the 2E10 ELISA that detects a YF viral envelope epitope is used to measure the virus concentration on a sample of the clarified and BENZONASE®-treated live virus to ensure the column is appropriately sized to process a virus mass challenge of no more than 5-6E+09 VE per /ml of CELLUFINE® sulfate resin.
- the column Prior to loading the live virus material, the column was charged with 0.1 M NaoH/0.5 M NaCl buffer at an approximate linear flow rate of 200 cm/hr. The column was then equilibrated with equilibration buffer, 10 mM Tris, 145 mM NaCl, pH 7.5 at an approximate linear flow rate of 200 cm/hr. Post equilibration, the appropriate volume of the virus was loaded onto the column at an approximate linear flow rate of 200 cm/hr.
- the column was washed with 10 mM Tris, 145 mM NaCl, pH 7.5 buffer at an approximate linear flow rate of 200 cm/hr.
- the bound virus was eluted from the column using 10 mM Tris, 1.5 M NaCl, pH 7.5 buffer at a reduced linear flow rate of approximately 100 cm/hr. Decreasing the elution flow rate increases buffer residence time and, therefore, decreases elution volume.
- the elution pool was immediately diluted 2 ⁇ (1 part eluate to 1 part dilution buffer) with 62.5 mM HEPES, pH 8 (target formulation) buffer to reduce precipitation of virus.
- the resin was cleaned with 0.1 N NaOH/0.5 M NaCl at an approximate linear flow rate of 200 cm/hr.
- the column was stored in 0.1 N NaOH/0.5 M NaCl at room temperature.
- the 2 ⁇ diluted CELLUFINE® Sulfate elution pool was then loaded onto a CAPTOTM Core 700 column. Prior to loading, the column was regenerated with 0.1 N NaOH/0.5M NaCl at a linear flow rate of 300 cm/hr.
- One column volume of a re-equilibration buffer of 500 mM Tris/145 mM NaCl, pH 7.5 was applied prior to the equilibration buffer consisting of 20 mM MES/100 mM NaCl, pH 7 at a linear flow rate of 300 cm/hr.
- the column was washed with 20 mM MES/100 mM NaCl, pH 7 at a linear flow rate of 300 cm/hr. The flow through and wash was collected as the product. This fraction was then diluted 2 ⁇ with 50 mM HEPES/20% Sucrose/0.001% TWEENTM-20, pH 8. The resin was cleaned with 1 N NaOH/1M NaCl at a linear flow rate of 300 cm/hr. The column was stored in 0.1 N NaOH/0.5M NaCl at room temperature.
- a 10% solution of BPL was made by diluting BPL with water for injection (WFI).
- WFI water for injection
- the 10% BPL was stored in single use aliquots at ⁇ 60° C.
- the concentration of BPL in this 10% solution was confirmed by gas chromatography (GC) analysis.
- HSA Human serum albumin
- the inactivation mixture was mixed for approximately 3 hours at room temperature on a low heat-generating stir plate. This material was then incubated at 30° C. for 60 minutes, and filtered using a 0.2 ⁇ m PES filter.
- the 0.2 ⁇ m filtered purified inactivated virus was bound to “alum” [Aluminum aluminum Hydroxide hydroxide (Alum ALHYDROGEL®)] and buffer exchanged into the final formulation buffer. All process steps were aseptically performed.
- Alum alum was added to 9 parts of 0.2 ⁇ m filtered sucrose gradient-purified inactivated virus to achieve a final alum target concentration of 0.2%.
- the resulting product was mixed for a target of 1-4 hours at room temperature.
- the alum-bound virus was aseptically buffer exchanged into 10 mM Tris/1.2 mM MgCl2/10 mM L-glutamic acid/0.11 mM D-mannitol/2 mM Trimethylamine-N-oxide dihydrate, pH 7.5.
- the alum-bound virus was settled by centrifugation or membrane filtration. After settling, the supernatant was decanted.
- the alum-bound virus pellet was re-suspended with formulation buffer to a volume equal to the original alum-bound virus pool volume and mixed for a target of 10 minutes at room temperature. This process was repeated 3-4 ⁇ until the alum-bound virus pool was exchanged into the final formulation buffer.
- the alum-bound and buffer exchanged virus pool was stored at 2-8° C. This is referred to herein as the “Bulk Drug Product.”
- the potency of the Bulk Drug Product was measured using ELISA that detects alum-bound YF.
- a process recovery chromatogram for Experiment 1639A using a CELLUFINE® Sulfate Column is shown in FIG. 4 and for Experiment 1639A using a CAPTOTM DeVirS column in FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 8 Two other embodiments of the disclosed process are shown in FIG. 8 , “Downstream new and Improved process #3.”
- the disclosed chromatographic purification process yielded sufficient virus recovery and reduced the host cell protein levels to below the limit of detection of the commercial Vero cell HCP assay. These virus recoveries and HCP results were comparable to results achieved by a similar purification process utilizing sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation.
- a benefit of the disclosed process is that, unlike centrifugation methods, it is suitable for use in single-use systems.
- the next phase of the Yellow Fever purification development is to replace the Chisso CELLUFINE® Sulfate resin with an equivalent GE Healthcare resin.
- the CELLUFINE® sulfate resin can potentially be replaced with GE Healthcare's CAPTOTM DeVirS resin.
- the CAPTOTM DeVirS is part of GE Healthcare's Custom Designed Media program, and is an affinity chromatography resin with the ligand dextran sulfate, which is known to have an affinity-like behavior to different types of virus.
- CAPTOTM DeVirS offers the a number of benefits for purification of virus, including, for example, excellent productivity, good chemical stability, and affinity-like behavior to various viruses.
- next planned experiments include following the use of CAPTOTM DeVirS with GE CAPTOTM Core 700 .
- anion exchange membrane such as a Q Monolith (BIA) or a Q membrane (Natrix, Pall, Sartorius) between the step using the CAPTOTM DeVirS and the step using GE CAPTOTM Core 700.
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US14/423,394 US20150210986A1 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2013-08-16 | Virus purification and formulation process |
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US201261692956P | 2012-08-24 | 2012-08-24 | |
PCT/US2013/055302 WO2014031480A1 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2013-08-16 | Virus purification and formulation process |
US14/423,394 US20150210986A1 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2013-08-16 | Virus purification and formulation process |
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PCT/US2013/055302 A-371-Of-International WO2014031480A1 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2013-08-16 | Virus purification and formulation process |
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US15/163,288 Continuation US10196615B2 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2016-05-24 | Virus purification and formulation process |
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US14/423,394 Abandoned US20150210986A1 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2013-08-16 | Virus purification and formulation process |
US15/163,288 Active US10196615B2 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2016-05-24 | Virus purification and formulation process |
US16/229,836 Abandoned US20190136206A1 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2018-12-21 | Virus purification and formulation process |
US18/085,110 Pending US20230122337A1 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2022-12-20 | Virus purification and formulation process |
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US15/163,288 Active US10196615B2 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2016-05-24 | Virus purification and formulation process |
US16/229,836 Abandoned US20190136206A1 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2018-12-21 | Virus purification and formulation process |
US18/085,110 Pending US20230122337A1 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2022-12-20 | Virus purification and formulation process |
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US (4) | US20150210986A1 (pt) |
EP (1) | EP2700711B1 (pt) |
AU (1) | AU2013306080B2 (pt) |
BR (1) | BR102013021499B1 (pt) |
WO (1) | WO2014031480A1 (pt) |
ZA (1) | ZA201501601B (pt) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113166732A (zh) * | 2018-12-20 | 2021-07-23 | 怡诺安有限公司 | 使用亲和色谱法的用于疫苗病毒的纯化方法 |
US11162880B2 (en) | 2015-11-09 | 2021-11-02 | University Of Notre Dame Du Lac | Particle size purification method and devices |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2014031480A1 (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-02-27 | Xcellerex, Inc. | Virus purification and formulation process |
CA2980812A1 (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2016-10-06 | Robert Schlegl | Aseptic purification process for viruses |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1724338A1 (en) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-11-22 | Crucell Holland B.V. | Methods for the production of a whole-inactivated West Nile Virus vaccine |
Family Cites Families (7)
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DE10144903A1 (de) * | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-27 | Chiron Behring Gmbh & Co | Vermehrung von Viren in Zellkultur |
JP4629660B2 (ja) * | 2003-03-05 | 2011-02-09 | ジーイー・ヘルスケア・バイオサイエンス・アクチボラグ | マルチモードアニオン交換リガンドの製造法 |
PL2007883T3 (pl) * | 2006-04-20 | 2012-07-31 | Wyeth Llc | Sposób oczyszczania do izolacji oczyszczonego wirusa pęcherzykowatego zapalenia jamy ustnej z hodowli komórkowej |
WO2011011660A2 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2011-01-27 | Xcellerex, Inc. | Drain down and re-feed of microcarrier bioreactor |
CA3150411C (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2023-09-12 | Pnuvax Inc. | High yield yellow fever virus strain with increased propagation in cells |
AR079970A1 (es) * | 2010-07-23 | 2012-02-29 | Xcellerex Inc | Cepas de alto rendimiento del virus de la fiebre amarilla con una propagacion incrementada en las celulas |
WO2014031480A1 (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-02-27 | Xcellerex, Inc. | Virus purification and formulation process |
-
2013
- 2013-08-16 WO PCT/US2013/055302 patent/WO2014031480A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-08-16 US US14/423,394 patent/US20150210986A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-08-16 AU AU2013306080A patent/AU2013306080B2/en active Active
- 2013-08-21 EP EP13181160.6A patent/EP2700711B1/en active Active
- 2013-08-22 BR BR102013021499-0A patent/BR102013021499B1/pt active IP Right Grant
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2015
- 2015-03-09 ZA ZA2015/01601A patent/ZA201501601B/en unknown
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2016
- 2016-05-24 US US15/163,288 patent/US10196615B2/en active Active
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2018
- 2018-12-21 US US16/229,836 patent/US20190136206A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2022
- 2022-12-20 US US18/085,110 patent/US20230122337A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1724338A1 (en) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-11-22 | Crucell Holland B.V. | Methods for the production of a whole-inactivated West Nile Virus vaccine |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11162880B2 (en) | 2015-11-09 | 2021-11-02 | University Of Notre Dame Du Lac | Particle size purification method and devices |
CN113166732A (zh) * | 2018-12-20 | 2021-07-23 | 怡诺安有限公司 | 使用亲和色谱法的用于疫苗病毒的纯化方法 |
TWI803725B (zh) * | 2018-12-20 | 2023-06-01 | 南韓商怡諾安有限公司 | 使用親和層析法之用於疫苗病毒的純化方法 |
Also Published As
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US20160264943A1 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
US20190136206A1 (en) | 2019-05-09 |
BR102013021499B1 (pt) | 2022-02-08 |
WO2014031480A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
AU2013306080B2 (en) | 2019-01-31 |
US20230122337A1 (en) | 2023-04-20 |
US10196615B2 (en) | 2019-02-05 |
AU2013306080A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
BR102013021499A2 (pt) | 2016-09-20 |
ZA201501601B (en) | 2016-01-27 |
EP2700711A1 (en) | 2014-02-26 |
EP2700711B1 (en) | 2017-11-22 |
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