US20150113867A1 - Use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran to reduce fuel consumption - Google Patents

Use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran to reduce fuel consumption Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150113867A1
US20150113867A1 US14/062,130 US201314062130A US2015113867A1 US 20150113867 A1 US20150113867 A1 US 20150113867A1 US 201314062130 A US201314062130 A US 201314062130A US 2015113867 A1 US2015113867 A1 US 2015113867A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
range
integer
fuel
group
additive
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US14/062,130
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English (en)
Inventor
Ludwig Voelkel
Markus Hansch
Thomas Hayden
Marc Walter
Nawid Kashani-Shirazi
Thomas Weiss
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Priority to US14/062,130 priority Critical patent/US20150113867A1/en
Assigned to BASF SE reassignment BASF SE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KASHANI-SHIRAZI, NAWID, HANSCH, MARKUS, WEISS, THOMAS, VOELKEL, LUDWIG, HAYDEN, THOMAS, WALTER, MARC
Assigned to BASF SE reassignment BASF SE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KASHANI-SHIRAZI, NAWID, HANSCH, MARKUS, WEISS, THOMAS, VOELKEL, LUDWIG, WALTER, MARC, HAYDEN, THOMAS
Priority to EP14786832.7A priority patent/EP3060634B1/fr
Priority to CA2928144A priority patent/CA2928144A1/fr
Priority to EP17173711.7A priority patent/EP3241882A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2014/071932 priority patent/WO2015058992A1/fr
Priority to CN201480066021.1A priority patent/CN105829509B/zh
Priority to RU2016119770A priority patent/RU2678702C2/ru
Priority to US15/031,466 priority patent/US9951288B2/en
Priority to PL14786832T priority patent/PL3060634T3/pl
Priority to AU2014339168A priority patent/AU2014339168B2/en
Priority to KR1020167013731A priority patent/KR20160075699A/ko
Priority to MYPI2016000664A priority patent/MY182229A/en
Priority to SG11201603024WA priority patent/SG11201603024WA/en
Priority to SG10201803375VA priority patent/SG10201803375VA/en
Priority to ARP140103997A priority patent/AR098178A1/es
Publication of US20150113867A1 publication Critical patent/US20150113867A1/en
Priority to ZA2016/03354A priority patent/ZA201603354B/en
Priority to AU2017218973A priority patent/AU2017218973B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers only
    • C08G65/06—Cyclic ethers having no atoms other than carbon and hydrogen outside the ring
    • C08G65/16—Cyclic ethers having four or more ring atoms
    • C08G65/20—Tetrahydrofuran
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
    • C08G65/2603—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen
    • C08G65/2606—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxyl groups
    • C08G65/2609—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxyl groups containing aliphatic hydroxyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
    • C08G65/331—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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    • C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
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    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/18—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups C10L10/02 - C10L10/16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2650/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G2650/22—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule characterised by the initiator used in polymerisation
    • C08G2650/24—Polymeric initiators
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
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    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
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    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/02—Inorganic or organic compounds containing atoms other than C, H or O, e.g. organic compounds containing heteroatoms or metal organic complexes
    • C10L2200/0259—Nitrogen containing compounds
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    • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
    • C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of general formula (I)
  • the present invention further relates to a fuel composition which comprises a gasoline fuel, the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane mentioned and at least one fuel additive with detergent action.
  • the present invention further relates to an additive concentrate which comprises the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane mentioned and at least one fuel additive with deter-gent action.
  • Lubricity improvers customary on the market for gasoline fuels are usually condensation products of naturally occurring carboxylic acids such as fatty acids with polyols such as glycerol or with alkanolamines, for example glyceryl monooleate.
  • a disadvantage of the prior art lubricity improvers mentioned is poor miscibility with other typically used fuel additives, especially with detergent additives such as polyisobuteneamines and/or carrier oils such as polyalkylene oxides.
  • An important requirement in practice is that the component mixtures or additive concentrates provided are readily pumpable even at relatively low temperatures, especially at outside winter temperatures of, for example, down to ⁇ 20° C., and remain homogene-ously stable over a prolonged period, i.e. no phase separation and/or precipitates may occur.
  • miscibility problems outlined are avoided by adding relatively large amounts of mixtures of paraffinic or aromatic hydrocarbons with alcohols such as tert-butanol or 2-ethylhexanol as solubilizers to the component mixtures or additive concentrates.
  • alcohols such as tert-butanol or 2-ethylhexanol
  • solubilizers are necessary in order to achieve the desired homogeneity, and so this solution to the problem becomes uneconomic.
  • the lubricity improvers described in EP-A 1 424 322 and WO 03/070860 which are based on polyisobutenylsuccinimides with mono- or polyamines or alkanol-amines such as butylamine, diethylenetriamine, tetraethylenepentamine or amino-ethyleneethanolamine, exhibit good miscibility with further additive components in corresponding mixtures or concentrates, but have a marked tendency to form stable emulsions with water, which can lead to the effect that water and soil particles are entrained into the fuel supply chain and ultimately can also get into the engine. Water can cause corrosion; soil particles can lead to damage in fuel pumps, fuel filters and injectors.
  • EP-A 1 076 072 describes certain derivatives of polytetrahydrofurans as fuel deter-gents, i.e. for improving intake valve cleanliness of internal combustion engines. Such derivatives of polytetrahydrofurans can be applied together with other additives with detergent action, however, EP-A 1 076 062 is silent about specifying said other addi-tives with detergent action. Furthermore, EP-A 1 076 072 does not teach to apply such derivatives of polytetrahydrofurans as fuel additives for reducing fuel consumption.
  • an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of general formula (I) as described above as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in the operation of an internal combustion engine with this fuel has been found.
  • the said use as an additive in a gasoline fuel for reducing fuel consumption in the operation of a spark-ignited internal combustion engine with this fuel or as an additive in a gasoline fuel for reduction of fuel consumption in the operation of a self-ignition internal combustion engine with this fuel has been found.
  • the cause of the fuel saving by virtue of the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane (I) mentioned is based substantially on the effect thereof as an additive which reduces internal friction in the internal combus-tion engines, especially in gasoline engines.
  • the reaction product mentioned thus functions in the context of the present invention essentially as a lubricity improver.
  • an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of formula (I) as described above as an additive in a fuel for improving the lubricity of lubricant oils contained in an internal combustion engine for lubricating purposes by operating the internal com-bustion engine with a fuel containing an effective amount of at least one alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of formula (I) has been found.
  • Spark-ignition internal combustion engines are preferably understood to mean gasoline engines, which are typically ignited with spark plugs.
  • spark-ignition internal combustion engines also include other engine types, for example the Wankel engine. These are generally engines which are operated with conventional gasoline types, especially gasoline types according to EN 228, gasoline-alcohol mixtures such as Flex fuel with 75 to 85% by volume of ethanol, liquid pressure gas (“LPG”) or compressed natural gas (“CNG”) as fuel.
  • LPG liquid pressure gas
  • CNG compressed natural gas
  • the inventive use of the alkoxylated polytetrahydofuran mentioned also relates to newly developed internal combustion engines such as the “HCCI” engine, which is self-igniting and is operated with gasoline fuel.
  • the instant invention works preferably with direct injection gasoline driven combustion engines.
  • the presently claimed invention is directed to the use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of general formula (II)
  • the presently claimed invention is directed to the use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of general formula (I)
  • the presently claimed invention is directed to the use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of general formula (I)
  • branched denotes a chain of atoms with one or more side chains attached to it. Branching occurs by the replacement of a substituent, e.g., a hydrogen atom, with a covalently bonded alkyl radical.
  • Alkyl radical denotes a moiety constituted solely of atoms of carbon and of hydrogen.
  • inventively claimed alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuranes are oil soluble, which means that, when mixed with mineral oils and/or fuels in a weight ratio of 10:90, 50:50 and 90:10, the inventively claimed alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuranes do not show phase separation after standing for 24 hours at room temperature for at least two weight rations out of the three weight ratios 10:90, 50:50 and 90:10.
  • the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane has a kinematic viscosity in the range of ⁇ 200 mm 2 /s to ⁇ 700 mm 2 /s, more preferably in the range of ⁇ 250 mm 2 /s to ⁇ 650 mm 2 /s, at 40° C., determined according to ASTM D 445.
  • the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane has a kinematic viscosity in the range of ⁇ 25 mm 2 /s to ⁇ 90 mm 2 /s, more preferably in the range of ⁇ 30 mm 2 /s to ⁇ 80 mm 2 /s, at 100° C., determined according to ASTM D 445.
  • the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane has a pour point in the range of ⁇ 60° C. to ⁇ 20° C., more preferably in the range of ⁇ 50° C. to ⁇ 15° C., determined according to DIN ISO 3016.
  • the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane has a weight average molecular weight Mw in the range of 500 to 20000 g/mol, more preferably in the range of 2000 to 10000 g/mol, most preferably in the range of 2000 to 7000 g/mol, even more preferably in the range of 4000 to 7000 g/mol determined, determined according to DIN 55672-1.
  • the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane has a polydispersity in the range of 1.05 to 1.60, more preferably in the range of 1.05 to 1.50, most preferably in the range of 1.05 to 1.45, determined according to DIN 55672-1.
  • k is an integer in the range of ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 25, more preferably k is an integer in the range of ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 20, most preferably in the range of ⁇ 5 to ⁇ 20, even more preferably in the range of ⁇ 6 to ⁇ 16.
  • m is an integer in the range of ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 25 and m′ is an integer in the range of ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 25, more preferably m is an integer in the range of ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 20 and m′ is an integer in the range of ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 20.
  • (m+m′) is an integer in the range of ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 65, more preferably (m+m′) is an integer in the range of ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 50, even more preferably (m+m′) is an integer in the range of ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 40.
  • the ratio of (m+m′) to k is in the range of 0.3:1 to 6:1, more preferably in the range of 0.3:1 to 5:1, most preferably in the range of 0.3:1 to 4:1, even more preferably in the range of 0.3:1 to 3:1.
  • n is an integer in the range of ⁇ 6 to ⁇ 40 and n′ is an integer in the range of ⁇ 6 to ⁇ 40, more preferably n is an integer in the range of ⁇ 8 to ⁇ 35 and p′ is an integer in the range of ⁇ 8 to ⁇ 35.
  • (n+n′) is an integer in the range of ⁇ 10 to ⁇ 80, more preferably (n+n′) is an integer in the range of ⁇ 15 to ⁇ 70.
  • p is an integer in the range of 5 to ⁇ 25 and p′ is an integer in the range of ⁇ 5 to ⁇ 25, more preferably p is an integer in the range of ⁇ 5 to ⁇ 15 and p′ is an integer in the range of ⁇ 5 to ⁇ 15.
  • (p+p′) is an integer in the range of ⁇ 10 to ⁇ 30, more preferably (p+p′) is an integer in the range of ⁇ 15 to ⁇ 30.
  • R 1 denotes an unsubstituted, linear alkyl radical having 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18 carbon atoms. More preferably R 1 denotes an unsubstituted, linear alkyl radical having 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 carbon atoms. Most preferably R 1 denotes an unsubstituted, linear alkyl radical having 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 carbon atoms.
  • the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane comprises units, wherein R 2 denotes —CH 2 —CH 3 , the ratio of (n+n′) to k is in the range of 1.5:1 to 10:1, more preferably in the range of 1.5:1 to 6:1, most preferably in the range of 2:1 to 5:1.
  • the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane comprises units, wherein R 3 denotes —CH 3 , the ratio of (p+p′) to k is in the range of 1.2:1 to 10:1, more preferably in the range of 1.2:1 to 6:1.
  • the presently claimed invention is directed to the use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of general formula (I)
  • the presently claimed invention is directed to the use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of general formula (I)
  • the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuranes mentioned are obtained by reacting at least one polytetrahydrofurane block polymer with at least one C 8 -C 30 epoxy alkane and optionally at least one epoxide selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide in the presence of at least one catalyst.
  • the at least one C 8 -C 30 epoxy alkane and the at least one epoxide selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide can either be added as a mixture of epoxides to obtain a random copolymer or in portions, whereby each portion contains a different epoxide, to obtain a block copolymer.
  • the at least one C 8 -C 30 epoxy alkane is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-epoxyoctane; 1,2-epoxynonane; 1,2-epoxydecane; 1,2-epoxyundecane; 1,2-epoxy-dodecane; 1,2-epoxytridecane; 1,2-epoxytetradecane; 1,2-epoxypentadecane; 1,2-epoxyhexadecane; 1,2-epoxyheptadecane; 1,2-epoxyoctadecane; 1,2-epoxynonade-cane; 1,2-epoxyicosane; 1,2-epoxyunicosane; 1,2-epoxydocosane; 1,2-epoxytricosane; 1,2-epoxytetracosane; 1,2-epoxypentacosane; 1,2-epoxyhexacosane; 1,2-epoxyhepta-cosane
  • the at least one catalyst is a base or a double metal cyanide catalyst (DMC catalyst). More preferably the at least one catalyst is selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide and barium hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxides such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide and caesium hydroxide and alkali metal alkoxylates such as potassium tert-butoxylate. Most preferably the at least one catalyst is sodium hydroxide or potassium tert-butoxylate. Most preferably the at least one catalyst is potassium tert-butoxylate.
  • DMC catalyst double metal cyanide catalyst
  • any inert solvents capable of dissolving alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane and polytetrahydrofurane may be used as solvents during the reaction or as solvents required for working up the reaction mixture in cases where the reaction is carried out without solvents.
  • the following solvents are mentioned as examples: methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone, methylisobutyl ketone, ethyl acetate and isobutyl acetate.
  • the amount of catalysts used is preferably in the range from 0.01 to 1.0, more preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.5, % by weight, based on the total amount of the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane.
  • the reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range of 70 to 200° C., more preferably from 100 to 160° C.
  • the pressure is preferably in the range from 1 bar to 150 bar, more preferably in the range from 3 to 30 bar.
  • M 1 is a metal ion selected from the group comprising Zn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 3+ , Ni 2+ , Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ , Mo 4+ , Mo 6+ , Al 3+ , V 4+ , V 6+ , Sr 2+ , W 6+ , Cr 2+ , Cr 3+ and Cd 2+
  • M 2 is a metal ion selected from the group comprising Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Co 2+ , Co 3+ , Mn 2+ , Mn 3+ , V 4+ , V 6+ , Cr 2+ , Cr 3+ , Rh 3+ , Ru 2+ and Ir 3+
  • M 1 and M 2 are identical or different
  • A is an anion selected from the group comprising halide, hydroxide, sulfate, carbonate, cyanide, thiocyanate, isocyanate, cyanate, carboxylate,
  • Such compounds are generally known and can be prepared, for example, by the process described in EP 0 862 947 B1 by combining the aqueous solution of a water-soluble metal salt with the aqueous solution of a hexacyanometallate compound, in particular of a salt or an acid, and, if necessary, adding a water-soluble ligand thereto either during or after the combination of the two solutions.
  • DMC catalysts are usually prepared as a solid and used as such.
  • the catalyst is typically used as powder or in suspension.
  • the DMC catalyst is dispersed with an inert or non-inert suspension medium which can be, for example, the product to be produced or an intermediate by suitable measures, e.g. milling.
  • the suspension produced in this way is used, if appropriate after removal of interfering amounts of water by methods known to those skilled in the art, e.g. stripping with or without use of inert gases such as nitrogen and/or noble gases.
  • Suitable suspension media are, for example, toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, 2-methyl-pentanone, cyclohexanone and also polyether alcohols according to the invention and mixtures thereof.
  • the catalyst is preferably used in a suspension in a polyol as described, for example, in EP 0 090 444 A.
  • the present invention also provides a fuel composition which comprises, in a major amount, a gasoline fuel and, in a minor amount, at least one alkoxylated polytetra-hydrofurane of general formula (I), and at least one fuel additive which is different from the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane (I) and has detergent action.
  • the amount of this at least one alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane in the gaso-line fuel is 10 to 5000 ppm by weight, more preferably 20 to 2000 ppm by weight, even more preferably 30 to 1000 ppm by weight and especially 40 to 500 ppm by weight, for example 50 to 300 ppm by weight.
  • gasoline fuels include all conventional gasoline fuel compositions.
  • a typical representative which shall be mentioned here is the Eurosuper base fuel to EN 228, which is customary on the market.
  • gasoline fuel compositions of the specification according to WO 00/47698 are also possible fields of use for the present invention.
  • gasoline fuels shall also be understood to mean alcoholcontaining gasoline fuels, especially ethanol-containing gasoline fuels, as described, for example, in WO 2004/090079, for example Flex fuel with an ethanol content of 75 to 85% by volume, or gasoline fuel comprising 85% by volume of ethanol (“E85”), but also the “E100” fuel type, which is typically azeotropi-cally distilled ethanol and thus consists of approx. 96% by volume of C 2 H 5 OH and approx. 4% by volume of H 2 O.
  • the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane (I) mentioned may be added to the particular base fuel either alone or in the form of fuel additive packages (for gasoline fuels also called “gasoline performance packages”).
  • fuel additive packages for gasoline fuels also called “gasoline performance packages”.
  • Such packages are fuel additive concen-trates and generally also comprise, as well as solvents, and as well as the at least one fuel additive which is different from the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane (I) and has detergent action, a series of further components as coadditives, which are especially carrier oils, corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, dehazers, antifoams, combustion improvers, antioxidants or stabilizers, antistats, metallocenes, metal deactivators, solubilizers, markers and/or dyes.
  • Detergents or detergent additives as the at least one fuel additive which is different from the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane (I) and has detergent action typically refer to deposition inhibitors for fuels.
  • the detergent additives are preferably amphi-philic substances which possess at least one hydrophobic hydrocarbyl radical having a number-average molecular weight (M n ) of 85 to 20 000, especially of 300 to 5000, in particular of 500 to 2500, and at least one polar moiety.
  • the inventive fuel composition comprises, as the at least one fuel additive (D) which is different from the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane (I) and has detergent action, at least one representative which is selected from:
  • the hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical in the above detergent additives which ensures the adequate solubility in the fuel composition, has a number-average molecular weight (M n ) of 85 to 20 000, especially of 300 to 5000, in particular of 500 to 2500.
  • detergent additives examples include the following:
  • Such detergent additives based on highly-reactive polybutene or polyisobutene which are normally prepared by hydroformylation of the poly(iso)butene and subsequent reductive amination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines, are known from EP-A 244 616.
  • the preparation of the additives proceeds from polybutene or polyisobutene having predominantly internal double bonds (usually in the ⁇ - and/or ⁇ -positions)
  • one possible preparative route is by chlorination and subsequent amination or by oxidation of the double bond with air or ozone to give the carbonyl or carboxyl compound and subsequent amination under reductive (hydrogenating) conditions.
  • the amines used here for the amination may be, for example, ammonia, monoamines or polyamines such as dimethylaminopropylamine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine.
  • Corresponding additives based on polypropene are described in particular in WO-A-94/24231.
  • additives comprising monoamino groups (Da) are the compounds obtainable from polyisobutene epoxides by reaction with amines and subsequent dehydration and reduction of the amino alcohols, as described in particular in DE-A-196 20 262.
  • These reaction products are generally mixtures of pure nitropolyisobutenes (e.g. ⁇ , ⁇ -dinitropolyisobutene) and mixed hydroxynitropolyisobutenes (e.g. ⁇ -nitro- ⁇ -hydroxypolyisobutene).
  • Additives comprising carboxyl groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts (Dd) are preferably copolymers of C 2 -C 40 -olefins with maleic anhydride which have a total molar mass of 500 to 20 000 and some or all of whose carboxyl groups have been converted to the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts and any remainder of the carboxyl groups has been reacted with alcohols or amines.
  • Such additives are disclosed in particular by EP-A-307 815.
  • Such additives serve mainly to prevent valve seat wear and can, as described in WO-A-87/01126, advantageously be used in combination with customary fuel detergents such as poly(iso)buteneamines or polyetheramines.
  • Additives comprising sulfo groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts are preferably alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of an alkyl sulfosuccinate, as described in particular in EP-A-639 632.
  • Such additives serve mainly to prevent valve seat wear and can be used advantageously in combination with customary fuel detergents such as poly(iso)buteneamines or polyetheramines.
  • Additives comprising polyoxy-C 2 -C 4 -alkylene moieties are preferably polyethers or polyetheramines which are obtainable by reaction of C 2 -C 60 -alkanols, C 6 -C 30 -alkane-diols, mono- or di-C 2 -C 30 -alkylamines, C 1 -C 30 -alkylcyclohexanols or C 1 -C 30 -alkylphenols with 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide per hydroxyl group or amino group and, in the case of the polyetheramines, by subsequent reductive amination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines.
  • DO are preferably polyethers or polyetheramines which are obtainable by reaction of C 2 -C 60 -alkanols, C 6 -C 30 -alkane-diols, mono- or di-C 2 -C 30
  • Such products are described in particular in EP-A-310 875, EP-A356 725, EP-A-700 985 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,877,416.
  • polyethers such products also have carrier oil properties. Typical examples of these are tridecanol butoxylates, isotridecanol butoxylates, isononyl-phenol butoxylates and polyisobutenol butoxylates and propoxylates and also the corresponding reaction products with ammonia.
  • Additives comprising carboxylic ester groups (Dg) are preferably esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids with long-chain alkanols or polyols, in particular those having a minimum viscosity of 2 mm 2 /s at 100° C., as described in particular in DE-A-38 38 918.
  • the mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids used may be aliphatic or aromatic acids, and particularly suitable ester alcohols or ester polyols are long-chain representatives having, for example, 6 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • esters are adipates, phthalates, isophthalates, terephthalates and trimellitates of isooctanol, of isononanol, of isodecanol and of isotridecanol.
  • Such products also have carrier oil properties.
  • derivatives with aliphatic polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine.
  • the moieties having hydroxyl and/or amino and/or amido and/or imido groups are, for example, carboxylic acid groups, acid amides of monoamines, acid amides of di- or polyamines which, in addition to the amide function, also have free amine groups, succinic acid derivatives having an acid and an amide function, carboximides with monoamines, carboximides with di- or polyamines which, in addition to the imide function, also have free amine groups, or diimides which are formed by the reaction of di- or polyamines with two succinic acid derivatives.
  • Such fuel additives are described especially in U.S. Pat. No. 4,849,572.
  • the detergent additives from group (Dh) are preferably the reaction products of alkyl- or alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydrides, especially of polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydrides (“PIBSAs”), with amines and/or alcohols. These are thus derivatives which are derived from alkyl-, alkenyl- or polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydride and have amino and/or amido and/or imido and/or hydroxyl groups. It is self-evident that these reaction products are obtainable not only when substituted succinic anhydride is used, but also when substituted succinic acid or suitable acid derivatives, such as succinyl halides or succinic esters, are used.
  • PIBSAs polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydrides
  • the additized fuel preferably comprises at least one detergent based on a polyisobutenyl-substituted succinimide.
  • a polyisobutenyl-substituted succinimide preferably comprises at least one detergent based on a polyisobutenyl-substituted succinimide.
  • the imides with aliphatic polyamines are ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, pentaethylenehexamine and in particular tetraethylenepentamine.
  • the polyisobutenyl radical has a number-average molecular weight M n of preferably from 500 to 5000, more preferably from 500 to 2000 and in particular of about 1000.
  • Additives comprising moieties (Di) obtained by Mannich reaction of substituted phenols with aldehydes and mono- or polyamines are preferably reaction products of polyisobutene-substituted phenols with formaldehyde and mono- or polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine or dimethylaminopropylamine.
  • Such “polyisobutene Mannich bases” are described especially in EP-A-831 141.
  • the inventive fuel composition comprises the at least one fuel additive which is different than the inventive reaction product and has detergent action, and is normally selected from the above groups (Da) to (Di), in an amount of typically 10 to 5000 ppm by weight, more preferably of 20 to 2000 ppm by weight, even more preferably of 30 to 1000 ppm by weight and especially of 40 to 500 ppm by weight, for example of 50 to 250 ppm by weight.
  • the inventive fuel composition comprises, in addition to the at least one inventive reaction product and the at least one fuel additive which is different than the inventive reaction product and has detergent action, as a further fuel additive in a minor amount, at least one carrier oil.
  • Suitable mineral carrier oils are the fractions obtained in crude oil processing, such as brightstock or base oils having viscosities, for example, from the SN 500-2000 class; but also aromatic hydrocarbons, paraffinic hydrocarbons and alkoxyalkanols. Likewise useful is a fraction which is obtained in the refining of mineral oil and is known as “hydrocrack oil” (vacuum distillate cut having a boiling range of from about 360 to 500° C., obtainable from natural mineral oil which has been catalytically hydrogenated under high pressure and isomerized and also deparaffinized). Likewise suitable are mixtures of abovementioned mineral carrier oils.
  • suitable synthetic carrier oils are selected from: polyolefins (poly-alpha-olefins or poly(internal olefin)s), (poly)esters, (poly)alkoxylates, polyethers, aliphatic polyetheramines, alkylphenol-started polyethers, alkylphenol-started polyetheramines and carboxylic esters of long-chain alkanols.
  • suitable polyethers or polyetheramines are preferably compounds comprising polyoxy-C 2 -C 4 -alkylene moieties which are obtainable by reacting C 2 -C 60 -alkanols, C 6 -C 30 -alkanediols, mono- or di-C 2 -C 30 -alkylamines, C 1 -C 30 -alkylcyclohexanols or C 1 -C 30 -alkylphenols with from 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide per hydroxyl group or amino group, and, in the case of the polyetheramines, by subsequent reductive amination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines.
  • the polyether-amines used may be poly-C 2 -C 6 -alkylene oxide amines or functional derivatives thereof. Typical examples thereof are tridecanol butoxylates or isotridecanol butoxylates, isononylphenol butoxylates and also polyisobutenol butoxylates and propoxylates, and also the corresponding reaction products with ammonia.
  • carboxylic esters of long-chain alkanols are in particular esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids with long-chain alkanols or polyols, as described in particular in DE-A-38 38 918.
  • the mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids used may be aliphatic or aromatic acids; suitable ester alcohols or polyols are in particular long-chain representatives having, for example, from 6 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • esters are adipates, phthalates, isophthalates, terephthalates and trimellitates of isooctanol, isononanol, isodecanol and isotridecanol, for example di(n- or isotridecyl) phthalate.
  • suitable synthetic carrier oils are alcohol-started polyethers having from about 5 to 35, for example from about 5 to 30, C 3 -C 6 -alkylene oxide units, for example selected from propylene oxide, n-butylene oxide and isobutylene oxide units, or mixtures thereof.
  • suitable starter alcohols are long-chain alkanols or phenols substituted by long-chain alkyl in which the long-chain alkyl radical is in particular a straight-chain or branched C 6 -C 18 -alkyl radical.
  • Preferred examples include tridecanol and nonylphenol.
  • suitable synthetic carrier oils are alkoxylated alkylphenols, as described in DE-A-101 02 913.
  • Preferred carrier oils are synthetic carrier oils, particular preference being given to poly-ethers.
  • a carrier oil When a carrier oil is used in addition, it is added to the inventive additized fuel in an amount of preferably from 1 to 1000 ppm by weight, more preferably from 10 to 500 ppm by weight and in particular from 20 to 100 ppm by weight.
  • the inventive fuel composition comprises, in addition to the at least one inventive reaction product, the at least one fuel additive which is different from the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane (I) mentioned and has detergent action, and optionally the at least one carrier oil, as a further fuel additive in a minor amount at least one tertiary hydrocarbyl amine of formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 wherein R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are the same or different C 1 - to C 20 -hydrocarbyl residues with the proviso that the overall number of carbon atoms in formula (I) does not exceed 30.
  • Tertiary hydrocarbyl amines have proven to be advantageous with regard to use as performance additives in fuels controlling deposits. Besides their superior performance behavior, they are also good to handle as their melting points are normally low enough to be usually liquid at ambient temperature.
  • Hydrocarbyl residue for R 4 to R 6 shall mean a residue which is essentially composed of carbon and hydrogen, however, it can contain in small amounts heteroatomes, especially oxygen and/or nitrogen, and/or functional groups, e.g. hydroxyl groups and/or carboxylic groups, to an extent which does not distort the predominantly hydrocarbon character of the residue.
  • Hydrocarbyl residues are preferably alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl groups.
  • Especially preferred hydrocarbyl residues for R 4 to R 6 are linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups.
  • the overall number of carbon atoms in the tertiary hydrocarbyl amine mentioned is at most 30, preferably at most 27, more preferably at most 24, most preferably at most 20.
  • the minimum overall number of carbon atoms in formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 is 6, more preferably 8, most preferably 10.
  • Such size of the tertiary hydrocarbyl amine mentioned corresponds to molecular weight of about 100 to about 450 for the largest range and of about 150 to about 300 for the smallest range; most usually, tertiary hydrocarbyl amines mentioned within a molecular range of from 100 to 300 are used.
  • the three C 1 - to C 20 -hydrocarbyl residues may be identical or different. Preferably, they are different, thus creating an amine molecular which exhibits an oleophobic moiety (i.e. the more polar amino group) and an oleophilic moiety (i.e. a hydrocarbyl residue with a longer chain length or a larger volume).
  • an oleophobic moiety i.e. the more polar amino group
  • an oleophilic moiety i.e. a hydrocarbyl residue with a longer chain length or a larger volume.
  • a tertiary hydrocarbyl amine of formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 is used wherein at least two of hydrocarbyl residues R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are different with the proviso that the hydrocarbyl residue with the most carbon atoms differ in carbon atom number from the hydrocarbyl residue with the second most carbon atoms in at least 3, preferably in at least 4, more preferably in at least 6, most preferably in at least 8.
  • the tertiary amines mentioned exhibit hydrocarbyl residues of two or three different chain length or different volume, respectively.
  • a tertiary hydrocarbyl amine of formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 is used wherein one or two of R 4 to R 6 are C 7 - to C 20 -hydrocarbyl residues and the remaining two or one of R 4 to R 6 are C 1 - to C 4 -hydrocarbyl residues.
  • the one or the two longer hydrocarbyl residues which may be in case of two residues identical or different, exhibit from 7 to 20, preferably from 8 to 18, more preferably from 9 to 16, most preferably from 10 to 14 carbon atoms.
  • the one or the two remaining shorter hydrocarbyl residues which may be in case of two residues identical or different, exhibit from 1 to 4, preferably from 1 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2, most preferably 1 carbon atom(s).
  • the oleophilic long-chain hydrocarbyl residues provide further advantageous properties to the tertiary amines, i.e. high solubility for gasoline fuels and low volatility.
  • tertiary hydrocarbyl amines of formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 are used, wherein R 4 is a C 8 - to C 18 -hydrocarbyl residue and R 5 and R 6 are independently of each other C 1 - to C 4 -alkyl radicals. Still more preferably, tertiary hydrocarbyl amines of formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 are used, wherein R 4 is a C 9 - to C 16 -hydrocarbyl residue and R 5 and R 6 are both methyl radicals.
  • Examples for suitable linear or branched C 1 - to C 20 -alkyl residues for R 4 to R 6 are: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec.-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, tert-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylhexyl, 2-methylhexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 4-methylhexyl, 5-methylhexyl, 1,1-dimethylpentyl, 1,2-d
  • Examples for suitable linear or branched C 2 - to C 20 -alkenyl and -alkinyl residues for R 4 to R 6 are: vinyl, allyl, oleyl and propin-2-yl.
  • Tertiary hydrocarbyl amines of formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 with long-chain alkyl and alkenyl residues can also preferably be obtained or derived from natural sources, i.e. from plant or animal oils and lards.
  • the fatty amines derived from such sources which are suitable as such tertiary hydrocarbyl amines normally form mixtures of differents similar species such as homologues, e.g. tallow amines containing as main components tetradecyl amine, hexadecyl amine, octadecyl amine and octadecenyl amine (oleyl amine).
  • suitable fatty amines are: coco amines and palm amines. Unsaturated fatty amines which contain alkenyl residues can be hydrogenated and used in this saturated form.
  • Examples for suitable C 3 - to C 20 -cycloalkyl residues for R 4 to R 6 are: cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, 2-methylcyclohexyl, 3-methylcyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 2,3-dimethyl-cyclohexyl, 2,4-dimethylcyclohexyl, 2,5-dimethylcyclohexyl, 2,6-dimethylcyclohexyl, 3,4-dimethylcyclohexyl, 3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl, 2-ethylcyclohexyl, 3-ethylcyclohexyl, 4-ethylcyclohexyl, cyclooctyl and cyclodecyl.
  • Examples for suitable C 7 - to C 20 -aryl, -alkylaryl or -arylalkyl residues for R 4 to R 6 are: naphthyl, tolyl, xylyl, n-octylphenyl, n-nonylphenyl, n-decylphenyl, benzyl, 1-phenyl-ethyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl and 4-butylphenyl.
  • Suitable tertiary hydrocarbyl amines of formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 are the following:
  • tertiary hydrocarbyl amines of formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 are monocyclic structures, wherein one of the short-chain hydrocarbyl residue forms with the nitrogen atom and with the other short-chain hydrocarbyl residue a five- or six-membered ring. Oxygen atoms and/or further nitrogen atoms may additionally be present in such five- or six-membered ring. In each case, such cyclic tertiary amines carry at the nitrogen atom or at one of the nitrogen atoms, respectively, the long-chain C 7 - to C 20 -hydrocarbyl residue.
  • Examples for such monocyclic tertiary amines are N—(C 7 - to C 20 -hydrocarbyl)-piperidines, N—(C 7 - to C 20 -hydrocarbyl)-piperazines and N—(C 7 - to C 20 -hydrocarbyl)-morpholines.
  • inventive fuel composition may comprise further customary coadditives, as described below:
  • Corrosion inhibitors suitable as such coadditives are, for example, succinic esters, in particular with polyols, fatty acid derivatives, for example oleic esters, oligomerized fatty acids and substituted ethanolamines.
  • Demulsifiers suitable as further coadditives are, for example, the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl-substituted phenol- and naphthalenesulfonates and the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of fatty acid, and also alcohol alkoxylates, e.g. alcohol ethoxylates, phenol alkoxylates, e.g. tert-butylphenol ethoxylates or tert-pentylphenol ethoxylates, fatty acid, alkylphenols, condensation products of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, e.g. ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers, polyethyleneimines and polysiloxanes.
  • alcohol alkoxylates e.g. alcohol ethoxylates
  • phenol alkoxylates e.g. tert-butylphenol ethoxylates or tert-pentylphenol eth
  • Dehazers suitable as further coadditives are, for example, alkoxylated phenol-formaldehyde condensates.
  • Antifoams suitable as further coadditives are, for example, polyether-modified polysiloxanes.
  • Antioxidants suitable as further coadditives are, for example, substituted phenols, e.g. 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol, and also phenylenediamines, e.g. N,N′-disec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine.
  • Metal deactivators suitable as further coadditives are, for example, salicylic acid derivatives, e.g. N,N′-disalicylidene-1,2-propanediamine.
  • Suitable solvents are, for example, nonpolar organic solvents, especially aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, xylenes, “white spirit” and the technical solvent mixtures of the designations Shellsol® (manufacturer: Royal Dutch/Shell Group), Exxol® (manufacturer: ExxonMobil) and Solvent Naphtha.
  • nonpolar organic solvents especially aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, xylenes, “white spirit” and the technical solvent mixtures of the designations Shellsol® (manufacturer: Royal Dutch/Shell Group), Exxol® (manufacturer: ExxonMobil) and Solvent Naphtha.
  • polar organic solvents in particular alcohols such as tert-butanol, isoamyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexanol and 2-propylheptanol.
  • Such polyisobutene monoamines and polyisobutene polyamines are preferably applied in combination with at least one mineral or synthetic carrier oil, more preferably in combination with at least one polyether-based or polyetheramine-based carrier oil, most preferably in combination with at least one C 6 -C 18 -alcohol-started polyether having from about 5 to 35 C 3 -C 6 -alkylene oxide units, especially selected from propylene oxide, n-butylene oxide and isobutylene oxide units, as described above.
  • the present invention also provides an additive concentrate which comprises at least one alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of general formula (I), and at least one fuel additive which is different from the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane (I) and has detergent action.
  • the inventive additive concentrate may comprise the further coadditives mentioned above.
  • additive concentrates for gasoline fuels such additive concentrates are also called gasoline performance packages.
  • the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane (I) mentioned is present in the inventive additive concentrate preferably in an amount of 1 to 99% by weight, more preferably of 15 to 95% by weight and especially of 30 to 90% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the concentrate.
  • the at least one fuel additive which is different from the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane (I) mentioned and has detergent action is present in the inventive additive concentrate preferably in an amount of 1 to 99% by weight, more preferably of 5 to 85% by weight and especially of 10 to 70% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the concentrate.
  • the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane (I) mentioned provides for quite a series of advantages and unexpected performance and handling improvements in view of the respective solutions proposed in the art. Effective fuel saving in the operation of a spark-ignited internal combustion engine is achieved.
  • the respective fuel additive concentrates remain homogeneously stable over a prolonged period without any phase separation and/or precipitates. Miscibility with other fuel additives is improved and the tendency to form emulsions with water is suppressed.
  • the high level of intake valve and combustion chamber cleanliness achieved by the modern fuel additives is not being worsened by the presence of the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane (I) mentioned in the fuel. Power loss in internal combustion engines is minimized and acceleration of internal combustion engines is improved.
  • the presence of the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane (I) mentioned in the fuel also provides for an improved lubricating perfor-mance of the lubricating oils in the internal combustion engine.
  • a steel reactor (1.5 l) was loaded with polytetrahydrofurane (MW 250) (0.2 mol, 130 g), and 3.4 g KOtBu was mixed and the reactor was purged with nitrogen.
  • the reactor was heated under vacuum (10 mbar) and heated to 140° C. for 0.25 h. Then again nitrogen was loaded.
  • 50 g C 12 -epoxide was brought in dropwise at 140° C.
  • 390 g C 12 -epoxide of total (441 g; 2.4 mol) was added during 5 h at 140° C. and under pressure of 6 bar.
  • butylene oxide (288 g, 4.0 mol) was added within 4 h at 140° C.
  • the reactor was stirred for 10 h at 140° C. and cooled to 80° C.
  • the product was stripped by nitrogen.
  • the product was discharged and mixed with Ambosol® (magnesium silicate, 30 g) and mixed on a rotary evaporator at 80° C.
  • the purified product was obtained by filtration in a pressure strainer (Filtrations media: Seitz 900). Yield: 866 g, quantitative (theor.: 859 g) OHZ: 30.1 mg KOH/g.
  • a typical Eurosuper base fuel to EN 228 customary on the European market was additized with the gasoline performance package of Example 2 in the dosage rate specified there and used to determine fuel economy in a fleet test with three different automobiles according to U.S.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Polyethers (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US14/062,130 2013-10-24 2013-10-24 Use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran to reduce fuel consumption Abandoned US20150113867A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/062,130 US20150113867A1 (en) 2013-10-24 2013-10-24 Use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran to reduce fuel consumption
SG11201603024WA SG11201603024WA (en) 2013-10-24 2014-10-14 Use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran as an additive in a fuel
SG10201803375VA SG10201803375VA (en) 2013-10-24 2014-10-14 Use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran to reduce fuel consumption
US15/031,466 US9951288B2 (en) 2013-10-24 2014-10-14 Use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran to reduce fuel consumption
KR1020167013731A KR20160075699A (ko) 2013-10-24 2014-10-14 연료 첨가제로서의 알콕실화 폴리테트라히드로푸란의 용도
EP17173711.7A EP3241882A1 (fr) 2013-10-24 2014-10-14 Composition de carburant
PCT/EP2014/071932 WO2015058992A1 (fr) 2013-10-24 2014-10-14 Utilisation d'un polytétrahydrofurane alcoxylé en tant qu'additif dans un carburant
CN201480066021.1A CN105829509B (zh) 2013-10-24 2014-10-14 烷氧基化的聚四氢呋喃作为燃料添加剂的用途
RU2016119770A RU2678702C2 (ru) 2013-10-24 2014-10-14 Применение алкоксилированного политетрагидрофурана в качестве присадки для топлива
EP14786832.7A EP3060634B1 (fr) 2013-10-24 2014-10-14 Utilisation d'un polytétrahydrofurane alcoxylé en tant qu'additif dans un carburant
PL14786832T PL3060634T3 (pl) 2013-10-24 2014-10-14 Zastosowanie alkoksylowanego politetrahydrofuranu jako dodatku w paliwie
AU2014339168A AU2014339168B2 (en) 2013-10-24 2014-10-14 Use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran as an additive in a fuel
CA2928144A CA2928144A1 (fr) 2013-10-24 2014-10-14 Utilisation d'un polytetrahydrofurane alcoxyle en tant qu'additif dans un carburant
MYPI2016000664A MY182229A (en) 2013-10-24 2014-10-14 Use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran as an additive in a fuel
ARP140103997A AR098178A1 (es) 2013-10-24 2014-10-23 Uso de un politetrahidrofurano alcoxilado para reducir el consumo de combustible
ZA2016/03354A ZA201603354B (en) 2013-10-24 2016-05-17 Use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran as an additive in a fuel
AU2017218973A AU2017218973B2 (en) 2013-10-24 2017-08-22 Use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran as an additive in a fuel

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AU (2) AU2014339168B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2928144A1 (fr)
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AR098178A1 (es) 2016-05-04
US9951288B2 (en) 2018-04-24
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CA2928144A1 (fr) 2015-04-30
MY182229A (en) 2021-01-18
PL3060634T3 (pl) 2018-01-31
AU2017218973B2 (en) 2018-08-30
CN105829509B (zh) 2018-07-13
KR20160075699A (ko) 2016-06-29
US20160264899A1 (en) 2016-09-15
EP3060634B1 (fr) 2017-08-09
RU2016119770A3 (fr) 2018-05-29
AU2014339168B2 (en) 2017-08-17
SG11201603024WA (en) 2016-05-30
CN105829509A (zh) 2016-08-03
ZA201603354B (en) 2017-11-29

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