US20150075171A1 - Turbomachine combustor assembly - Google Patents

Turbomachine combustor assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150075171A1
US20150075171A1 US14/389,294 US201214389294A US2015075171A1 US 20150075171 A1 US20150075171 A1 US 20150075171A1 US 201214389294 A US201214389294 A US 201214389294A US 2015075171 A1 US2015075171 A1 US 2015075171A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
combustor
combustion chamber
fluid
turbomachine
delivery nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/389,294
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English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Nikolay Sokolov
Dmitry Vladlenovich Tretyakov
Ilya Aleksandrovich Slobodyanskiy
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Individual
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of US20150075171A1 publication Critical patent/US20150075171A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
    • F02C7/18—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/08—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for reducing temperature in combustion chamber, e.g. for protecting walls of combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/002—Wall structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/283—Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/35—Combustors or associated equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/06041—Staged supply of oxidant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/03041—Effusion cooled combustion chamber walls or domes

Definitions

  • the subject matter disclosed herein relates to the art of turbomachines and, more particularly, to a turbomachine combustor assembly.
  • turbomachines include a compressor portion linked to a turbine portion through a common compressor/turbine shaft or rotor and a combustor assembly.
  • the compressor portion guides a compressed airflow through a number of sequential stages toward the combustor assembly.
  • the compressed airflow mixes with a fuel to form a combustible mixture.
  • the combustible mixture is combusted in the combustor assembly to form hot gases.
  • the hot gases are guided to the turbine portion through a transition piece.
  • the hot gases expand through the turbine portion creating work that is output, for example, to power a generator, a pump, or to provide power to a vehicle.
  • a portion of the compressed airflow is passed through the turbine portion for cooling purposes.
  • the combustor assembly includes a linier portion that defines a combustion chamber.
  • the combustible mixture is combusted in the combustion chamber to form the hot gases.
  • the liner begins to erode due to exposure to the hot gases. Often times, the erosion begins in high temperature zones located adjacent outlet portions of combustor nozzles. The erosion will have a negative impact on combustor operational life requiring costly and periodic maintenance and replacement in order to maintain turbomachine operation.
  • a turbomachine combustor assembly includes a combustor body, and a combustor liner arranged within the combustor body.
  • the combustor liner defines a combustion chamber having a head end and a discharge end.
  • a plurality of combustor nozzles are arranged in an annular array at the head end of combustion chamber, and a fluid delivery nozzle is arranged substantially centrally within the annular array at the head end of the combustion chamber.
  • the fluid delivery nozzle includes a first end portion that extends to a second end portion through a wall portion.
  • the wall portion includes at least one combustion chamber outlet.
  • the fluid delivery nozzle is configured to deliver a non-combustible fluid into the at least one of the plurality of combustor nozzles.
  • a method of introducing a non-combustible fluid into a turbomachine combustor includes delivering a non-combustible fluid into a fluid delivery nozzle extending into a combustion chamber of the turbomachine combustor, passing a first portion of the non-combustible fluid into at least one of a plurality of combustor nozzles arrayed about the fluid delivery nozzle, and passing a second portion of the non-combustible fluid into the combustion chamber through a combustion chamber outlet formed at an end of the fluid delivery nozzle.
  • a turbomachine includes a compressor portion, a turbine portion mechanically linked to the compressor portion, and a combustor assembly fluidly connected to the compressor portion and the turbine portion.
  • the combustor assembly includes a combustor body, and a combustor liner arranged within the combustor body.
  • the combustor liner defines a combustion chamber having a head end and a discharge end.
  • a plurality of combustor nozzles are arranged in an annular array at the head end of combustion chamber, and a fluid delivery nozzle arranged substantially centrally within the annular array at the head end of the combustion chamber.
  • the fluid delivery nozzle includes a first end portion that extends to a second end portion through a wall portion that includes a plurality of combustor nozzle outlets fluidly connected to two adjacent ones of the plurality of combustor nozzles.
  • the wall portion includes a first combustion chamber outlet formed in the second end portion and a second combustion chamber outlet formed in the wall portion adjacent the second end portion.
  • At least one additional non-combustible fluid outlet formed in the liner adjacent the head end of the combustion chamber, the at least one additional non-combustible fluid outlet is configured and disposed to deliver a non-combustible fluid flow between adjacent ones of the plurality of combustor nozzles
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a turbomachine including a combustor assembly in accordance with an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the combustor assembly in accordance with the exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is an end view of the combustor assembly of FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a detail view of a fluid delivery nozzle of the combustor assembly of the exemplary embodiment.
  • Turbomachine 2 includes a compressor portion 4 operatively connected to a turbine portion 6 .
  • a combustor assembly 8 is fluidly connected to compressor portion 4 and turbine portion 6 .
  • Combustor assembly 8 is formed from a plurality of circumferentially spaced combustors, one of which is indicated at 10 .
  • Compressor portion 4 is also linked to turbine portion 6 through a common compressor/turbine shaft 12 . With this arrangement, compressor portion 4 delivers compressed air to combustor assembly 8 .
  • the compressed air mixes with a combustible fluid or fuel to form a combustible mixture.
  • the combustible mixture is combusted in combustor 10 to form products of combustion or hot gases that are delivered to turbine portion 6 through a transition piece 14 .
  • the hot gases expand through turbine portion 6 along a gas path (not separately labeled) to power, for example, a generator, a pump, a vehicle or the like (also not shown).
  • combustor 10 includes a combustor body 20 within which is arranged a combustor liner 24 .
  • Combustor liner 24 is spaced from combustor body 20 so as to define a passage 26 .
  • Combustor liner 24 defines a combustion chamber 30 having a first or head end 32 provided with a combustor cap 34 and a second or discharge end 37 that is fluidly coupled to transition piece 14 .
  • Combustor 10 includes a plurality of combustor nozzles 44 - 49 ( FIG. 3 ) arranged at head end 32 .
  • Combustor nozzles 44 - 49 are arranged in an annular array having a central region (not separately labeled).
  • combustor nozzle 44 includes an outer nozzle portion 52 that surrounds a central discharge portion 53 . Outer nozzle portion 52 is spaced from central discharge portion 53 to form a fluid cavity 55 . As will be discussed more fully below, fluid cavity 55 receives a non-combustible fluid such as air, steam, and/or an inert gas. The non-combustible fluid mixes with a combustible fluid received through a fuel inlet 56 that extends through combustor cap 34 . The combustible fluid passes through central discharge portion 53 and mixes with the non-combustible fluid to form a combustible mixture. The non-combustible fluid also provides cooling to combustor nozzle 44 .
  • a non-combustible fluid such as air, steam, and/or an inert gas.
  • the non-combustible fluid mixes with a combustible fluid received through a fuel inlet 56 that extends through combustor cap 34 .
  • the combustible fluid
  • combustion nozzle 45 includes an outer nozzle portion 57 , a central discharge portion 58 and a fluid cavity 60 ; combustor nozzle 46 includes an outer nozzle portion 62 , a central discharge portion 63 and a fluid cavity 65 ; combustor nozzle 47 includes an outer nozzle portion 68 , a central discharge portion 69 and a fluid cavity 71 ; combustor nozzle 48 includes an outer nozzle portion 73 , a central discharge portion 74 and a fluid cavity 76 ; and combustor nozzle 49 includes an outer nozzle portion 78 , a central discharge portion 79 , and a fluid cavity 80 .
  • combustor 10 includes a fluid delivery nozzle 90 arranged at head end 32 and positioned within the central region (not separately labeled) of combustor nozzles 44 - 49 .
  • Fluid delivery nozzle 90 is fluidly connected to a non-combustible fluid inlet 92 and includes a nozzle body 94 having a first end portion 98 that extends to a second end portion 99 through a wall portion 100 .
  • Fluid delivery nozzle 90 includes a plurality of combustor nozzle outlets, one of which is indicated at 110 , formed in wall portion 100 .
  • Fluid delivery nozzle 90 also includes a first plurality of combustion chamber outlets, one of which is indicated at 113 , a second plurality of combustion chamber outlets, one of which is indicated at 115 , and a third plurality of combustion chamber outlets 117 provided in wall potion 100 .
  • First plurality of combustion chamber outlets 113 take the form of openings (not separately labeled) formed in wall portion 100 . While shown in a single row that extends about nozzle body 94 , the number or rows and size of the first plurality of combustion chamber outlets 113 may vary.
  • Second plurality of combustion chamber outlets 115 takes the form of a mini effusion plate 120 having a plurality of openings 122 .
  • Third plurality of combustion chamber outlets 117 take the form of openings 125 formed in wall portion 100 between combustor nozzle outlets 110 and first combustion chamber outlets 113 . Openings 125 are formed at a pair of flow re-direction elements, one of which is indicated at 128 provided on an outer surface (not separately labeled) of wall portion 100 .
  • a combustible fluid or fuel is passed through fuel inlet 56 toward combustor nozzles 44 - 49 .
  • the fuel passes from each central discharge portion 53 , 58 , 63 , 69 , and 74 .
  • a non-combustible fluid or air is passed through non-combustible fluid inlet 92 toward fluid delivery nozzle 90 .
  • the non-combustible fluid flows along nozzle body 94 and passes into each fluid cavity 55 , 60 , 65 , 71 , and 76 through combustor nozzle outlets 110 .
  • combustor nozzle outlets 110 are configured to deliver the non-combustible fluid into two adjacent ones of combustor nozzles 44 - 49 .
  • the non-combustible fluid enters each fluid cavity 55 , 60 , 65 , 71 , and 76 in a particular orientation.
  • the non-combustible fluid entering fluid cavity 55 may flow with a counter-clockwise swirl and non-combustible fluid may enter fluid cavity 60 with a clockwise swirl such as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • swirls in adjacent nozzles flow in opposite directions.
  • the non-combustible fluid mixes with the combustible fluid and passes from each combustor nozzle 44 - 49 as a combustible mixture that is combusted within combustion chamber 30 to form hot gases.
  • the hot gases flow from combustor 10 into transition piece 14 and on toward a first stage of turbine portion 6 .
  • a second portion of the non-combustible fluid entering fluid nozzle 90 passes through first combustion chamber outlets 113 , a third portion of the non-combustible fluid passes through second combustion chamber outlets 115 , and a fourth portion of the non-combustible fluid passes through third combustion chamber outlets 117 .
  • the second portion of non-combustible fluid passing from first combustion chamber outlets 113 flows radially from fluid nozzle 90 into combustion chamber 30 to mix with the combustible mixture to aid in more complete combustion.
  • the third portion of fluid passes through second combustion chamber outlets 115 axially into combustion chamber 30 and provides cooling to mini effusion plate 120 .
  • the presence of mini-effusion plate 120 creates a flow restriction that establishes a desired pressure within fluid nozzle 90 .
  • the fourth portion of the non-combustible fluid passes through third combustion chamber outlets 117 and is re-directed by flow re-direction members 118 to form a film cooling flow that flows over the outer surface (not separately labeled) of wall member 100 for cooling purposes.
  • combustor 10 includes an additional non-combustible fluid outlets 134 134 formed in combustor liner 24 .
  • Additional non-combustible fluid outlets 134 guide another non-combustible fluid, such as exhaust gas (EG), steam, or another inert gas into combustion chamber 30 to further enhance combustion and lead to reduced emissions.
  • Additional non-combustible fluid outlets 134 direct the additional non-combustible fluid radially inward toward fluid delivery nozzle 90 .
  • additional non-combustible fluid outlets 134 are positioned to guide the additional non-combustible fluid between adjacent ones of combustor nozzles 44 - 49 to mix with and combust with the combustible mixture.
  • the introduction of the additional non-combustible fluid provides cooling to inner surfaces (not separately labeled) of the combustor liner and further leads to lower emissions from turbomachine 2 . Cooling the inner surface of the combustion liner leads to an increase in service life of the combustion liner and, by extension, the combustor. That is, by increasing a service life of the combustor, costly maintenance procedures are reduced along with a downtime of the turbomachine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
US14/389,294 2012-03-29 2012-03-29 Turbomachine combustor assembly Abandoned US20150075171A1 (en)

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PCT/RU2012/000232 WO2013147633A1 (en) 2012-03-29 2012-03-29 Turbomachine combustor assembly

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US14/388,573 Pending US20150153044A1 (en) 2012-03-29 2012-03-29 Turbomachine combustor assembly

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US (2) US20150075171A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2831505B8 (zh)
JP (1) JP6002313B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN104246371B (zh)
AR (1) AR090511A1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2012375461B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2868732C (zh)
DE (1) DE112012006144T5 (zh)
TW (1) TWI607188B (zh)
WO (1) WO2013147633A1 (zh)

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AU2012375461A1 (en) 2014-10-16
US20150153044A1 (en) 2015-06-04
JP6002313B2 (ja) 2016-10-05
JP2015513063A (ja) 2015-04-30
CN104246371A (zh) 2014-12-24
CA2868732A1 (en) 2013-10-03
WO2013147633A1 (en) 2013-10-03
EP2831505B8 (en) 2017-07-19
AR090511A1 (es) 2014-11-19
DE112012006144T5 (de) 2015-01-29
EP2831505A1 (en) 2015-02-04
TWI607188B (zh) 2017-12-01
AU2012375461B2 (en) 2015-10-29
CN104246371B (zh) 2016-06-15
EP2831505B1 (en) 2017-04-12
WO2013147633A8 (en) 2014-10-16
TW201411055A (zh) 2014-03-16

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