US20150048623A1 - Method for operating an electric unit for a pumped-storage power plant - Google Patents

Method for operating an electric unit for a pumped-storage power plant Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150048623A1
US20150048623A1 US14/384,067 US201314384067A US2015048623A1 US 20150048623 A1 US20150048623 A1 US 20150048623A1 US 201314384067 A US201314384067 A US 201314384067A US 2015048623 A1 US2015048623 A1 US 2015048623A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
pump
turbine
frequency converter
electric
synchronous machine
Prior art date
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Abandoned
Application number
US14/384,067
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English (en)
Inventor
Carl-Ernst Stephan
Christoph Schaub
Claes Hillberg
Georg Traxler-Samek
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ABB Technology AG
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ABB Technology AG
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Application filed by ABB Technology AG filed Critical ABB Technology AG
Assigned to ABB TECHNOLOGY AG reassignment ABB TECHNOLOGY AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HILLBERG, CLAES, SCHAUB, CHRISTOPH, STEPHAN, Carl-Ernst, TRAXLER-SAMEK, Georg
Publication of US20150048623A1 publication Critical patent/US20150048623A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for transformers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
    • H02J3/42—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator with automatic parallel connection when synchronisation is achieved
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/46—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor
    • H02P1/52—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor by progressive increase of frequency of supply to motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
    • H02P25/024—Synchronous motors controlled by supply frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H02P27/14—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation with three or more levels of voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/08—Control of generator circuit during starting or stopping of driving means, e.g. for initiating excitation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pumped-storage power plant, in particular to an electric unit therefor, comprising a frequency converter and a rotating electric synchronous machine and method for operating the electric unit.
  • Regenerative energy sources such as, for example, wind energy and solar energy provide a continuously increasing proportion of the electricity demand. These energy sources do have discontinuous operating times. Therefore, a direct and permanent supply of electricity to consumers from these energy sources cannot be ensured. For this, energy stores need to be used which enable rapid changes between a surplus of electricity and a deficit of electricity and whose power and energy flow direction can be changed quickly and continuously.
  • energy stores there are different systems available as energy stores which are in each case particularly suitable for specific quantities of energy and application cases.
  • kinetic stores for example flywheels
  • electrochemical stores batteries, redox flow cells
  • electromagnetic stores capacitor, supercapacitors, superconducting coils
  • thermodynamic stores compressed-air stores, electrothermic stores
  • pumped stores are used for large quantities of energy of typically over 100 MWh and usually over 1 GWh.
  • Modern pumped stores have variable-speed drives. By decoupling the speed of the machines from a grid frequency, rotational speeds of the pumps and turbines can be set such that they are operated close to optimum efficiency. In addition, the variation in the speed during pump operation makes it possible to freely adjust the power consumption. In particular, systems with a variable speed can be connected to or synchronized with the grid quickly from a standstill.
  • Pumped stores in accordance with the prior art have double-fed asynchronous machines and power electronics frequency converters, whereby speed regulation of a pump and a turbine is possible.
  • speed regulation of a pump and a turbine is possible.
  • a pump power is regulated and secondly the efficiency of the system can be increased, if required.
  • a synchronous machine whose stator is fed by means of a three-phase current with an adjustable frequency is used.
  • the frequency conversion in this case is generated with the aid of a combination of a rectifier and an inverter, which are connected to one another via a voltage or current DC link.
  • first water is passed slowly from the storage basin to the turbine in order to run up said turbine, for example. Only when stator voltages of the machine are synchronous with the electric grid and have a correct phase angle can the machine feed power to the electric grid.
  • the pump For runup in pump operation, the pump is first drained, for example. For this purpose, additional auxiliary apparatuses are often used. This is necessary since in the prior art there is insufficient torque for running up the pump under load. Furthermore, it is necessary in the case of synchronous generators with a fixed speed, for example, to start the pump additionally with an auxiliary drive such as an auxiliary turbine or a power electronics starter. Only when the pump is in operation is water let out of the storage basin into the pump and a shutoff element opened. This furthermore represents a considerable load on the pump since, when the water is let in, a strong pulse is transmitted to the pump, as a result of which wear on the pump parts is increased.
  • pole switches are used in order to switch over the types of operations such as from turbine operation to pump operation or from pump operation to turbine operation. Said pole switches are involved and cost-intensive in terms of manufacture and maintenance.
  • the present invention is based on the object of simplifying the operation of a pumped-storage power plant and accelerating operation changes.
  • the invention provides a method for runup in turbine operation of an electric unit for a pumped-storage power plant.
  • the pumped-storage power plant comprises a rotating electric synchronous machine and a frequency converter, wherein the machine is connectable to a turbine and a pump or a combined pump turbine. Furthermore, the machine is connectable to an electric grid via the frequency converter.
  • the method provides for the frequency converter to be used for runup of the turbine and for power from the electric machine to be fed into the electric grid directly after runup, for example.
  • a method for runup in pump operation of an electric unit for a pumped-storage power plant.
  • the pumped-storage power plant comprises a rotating electric synchronous machine and a frequency converter, wherein the machine is connectable to a turbine and a pump or a combined pump turbine. Furthermore, the machine is connectable to an electric grid via the frequency converter.
  • the method provides for the frequency converter to be used for runup of the pump and for the pump to be run up directly from standstill and under load, for example, of a fluted pump or a water column.
  • the pumped-storage power plant comprises a rotating electric synchronous machine and a frequency converter, wherein the machine is connectable to a turbine and a pump or a combined pump turbine. Furthermore, the machine is connectable to an electric grid via the frequency converter.
  • the method provides for the electric machine to be operated synchronously with the electric grid independently of the operating state of the pump or turbine and to provide active power and reactive power.
  • the invention furthermore relates to an electric unit for a pumped-storage power plant.
  • the pumped-storage power plant comprises a rotating electric synchronous machine and a frequency converter, wherein the machine is connectable to a turbine and a pump or a combined pump turbine. Furthermore, the machine is connectable to an electric grid via the frequency converter.
  • the frequency converter to comprise at least two electrically connectable elements, wherein in each case one element is usable as rectifier and one element is usable as inverter, depending on the operation of the machine, and the frequency converter is in the form of a self-commutated converter with a voltage DC link or with a current DC link.
  • the frequency converter is in the form of a self-commutated converter with a voltage DC link or with a current DC link.
  • one element is usable as rectifier and one element is usable as inverter, wherein the machine-side element is also referred to as inverter unit INU, and the grid-side element is also referred to as active rectifier unit ARU.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an electric unit comprising an electric synchronous machine and a frequency converter.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an electric unit 1 comprising a rotating electric synchronous machine 2 and a frequency converter 3 .
  • the machine 2 is in this case accommodated in a cavern, for example owing to local conditions or for protection purposes.
  • the machine furthermore has a stator, which is fed by means of a three-phase current with an adjustable frequency.
  • the operation of the machine 2 with the frequency converter 3 in pumped-storage power plants enables an improvement to be made in the dynamic response in order that start, stop and switchover times can be reduced.
  • the invention provides a method for runup in turbine operation of the electric unit 1 for a pumped-storage power plant.
  • the method provides for the frequency converter 3 to be used for running up the turbine and for power to be fed from the electric machine 2 into the electric grid 6 directly after runup, for example.
  • a method for runup in pump operation of the electric unit 1 for a pumped-storage power plant is provided.
  • the method provides for the frequency converter 3 to be used for running up the pump 5 and for the pump 5 to be run up directly from standstill and under load of, for example, a fluted pump or a water column.
  • the frequency converter 3 can supply sufficient torque to the pump 5 in order to run up directly from standstill without any previous draining of the pump 5 .
  • the pump 5 can be operated immediately without any delay and runup without any significant complexity is possible. For example, the power drawn from the electric grid 6 can increase in ramped fashion and interruption to the supply for synchronization is not necessary.
  • a method for operating the electric unit 1 for a pumped-storage power plant is provided.
  • the method provides for the electric machine 2 to be synchronized with a frequency of the electric grid 6 and to be operated synchronously with the electric grid 6 independently of the operating state of the pump 5 or the turbine 4 and to provide active power and reactive power.
  • the method for the runup and switchover of operation are much quicker than in the prior art owing to the use of the frequency converter 3 . Furthermore, in the case of the electric unit 1 , no additional transformer is provided between the frequency converter 3 and the machine 2 , as a result of which the methods can be accelerated additionally in comparison with the prior art.
  • the frequency converter 3 is used for switching over the direction of rotation of a rotating field of the machine 2 .
  • a polarity reversal switch from the prior art is no longer required.
  • the frequency converter 3 ensures that the power plant always remains at the electric grid 6 and synchronized therewith during the switchover operation. It is therefore possible to control the switchover time and the power gradient.
  • the machine 2 can be fed over the total speed range in such a way that the speed reversal is supported via the torque of the machine 2 .
  • magnetization of a generator transformer for connection to the electric grid 6 can take place via the frequency converter 3 for impact-free connection.
  • the frequency converter 3 comprises, for example, two elements which are usable as inverter or rectifier depending on the mode of operation of the machine, for example in motor operation or generator operation. Speed regulation is enabled by virtue of the fact that the machine 2 has a stator, which is fed by means of a three-phase current with adjustable frequency.
  • the machine-side element or inverter unit INU of the frequency converter 3 is operated as inverter in the pump mode and as rectifier in the turbine mode.
  • the grid-side element or active rectifier unit ARU of the frequency converter 3 is operated as rectifier in the pump mode and as inverter in the turbine mode.
  • the frequency conversion is produced by means of a combination of a rectifier and an inverter, which are connected to one another via a concentrated or distributed voltage DC link or current DC link.
  • the DC link in this case furthermore has units for energy storage, for example capacitors in the case of a voltage DC link and inductances in the case of a current DC link.
  • the DC link is provided between the elements and can be designed in this case in concentrated or distributed form.
  • the operation of the machine at a freely selectable speed has considerable advantages; in particular in the embodiment with a frequency converter and a synchronous machine, an established, reliable and low-maintenance generator technology can be used. Furthermore, there is the possibility of operating a pump 5 and a turbine 4 independently of one another in the optimum speed range of said pump and turbine. By virtue of the use of the synchronous machine 2 , high speeds can be achieved for high drops, for example, in particular even at high powers. Furthermore, the speed range which can be achieved during operation continuously ranges from zero to the maximum speed and is only restricted by the operational limits of the pump 5 and the turbine 4 .
  • a further advantage consists in very quick grid coupling and the possibility of generating positive and negative reactive power in the frequency converter 3 in order that the generator can be operated exclusively with active power, as a result of which said generator has a more compact design.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Non-Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Motor And Converter Starters (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
US14/384,067 2012-03-09 2013-03-11 Method for operating an electric unit for a pumped-storage power plant Abandoned US20150048623A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12158786.9 2012-03-09
EP12158786 2012-03-09
PCT/EP2013/054884 WO2013132105A2 (de) 2012-03-09 2013-03-11 Verfahren zum betreiben einer elektrische einheit für ein pumpspeicherkraftwerk

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20150048623A1 true US20150048623A1 (en) 2015-02-19

Family

ID=47844349

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/384,071 Active US9683540B2 (en) 2012-03-09 2013-03-11 Electric unit for a pumped-storage power plant having components within and outside of an underground cavern
US14/384,120 Abandoned US20150292469A1 (en) 2012-03-09 2013-03-11 Electric unit for a pump-storage power plant
US14/384,128 Active US9657709B2 (en) 2012-03-09 2013-03-11 Method for using an electric unit
US14/384,067 Abandoned US20150048623A1 (en) 2012-03-09 2013-03-11 Method for operating an electric unit for a pumped-storage power plant

Family Applications Before (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/384,071 Active US9683540B2 (en) 2012-03-09 2013-03-11 Electric unit for a pumped-storage power plant having components within and outside of an underground cavern
US14/384,120 Abandoned US20150292469A1 (en) 2012-03-09 2013-03-11 Electric unit for a pump-storage power plant
US14/384,128 Active US9657709B2 (en) 2012-03-09 2013-03-11 Method for using an electric unit

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (4) US9683540B2 (ja)
EP (4) EP2815499A2 (ja)
JP (4) JP2015516790A (ja)
CN (4) CN104145390B (ja)
WO (7) WO2013132100A2 (ja)

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US11685604B2 (en) 2021-09-17 2023-06-27 William Taggart, IV Underground energy storage systems

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CN104145415A (zh) 2014-11-12
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