CN104145390B - 用于使用电单元的方法 - Google Patents

用于使用电单元的方法 Download PDF

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CN104145390B
CN104145390B CN201380013138.9A CN201380013138A CN104145390B CN 104145390 B CN104145390 B CN 104145390B CN 201380013138 A CN201380013138 A CN 201380013138A CN 104145390 B CN104145390 B CN 104145390B
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CN104145390A (zh
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C.希尔伯格
G.特拉西勒-萨梅克
P.斯泰梅
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Hitachi Energy Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for transformers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
    • H02J3/42—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator with automatic parallel connection when synchronisation is achieved
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/46—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor
    • H02P1/52—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor by progressive increase of frequency of supply to motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
    • H02P25/024—Synchronous motors controlled by supply frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H02P27/14—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation with three or more levels of voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/08—Control of generator circuit during starting or stopping of driving means, e.g. for initiating excitation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Control Of Non-Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Motor And Converter Starters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及电站，尤其是用于使用电站的电单元(1)的方法，其包括电机器(2)，其中机器(2)可通过变换器(3)和分块变压器(4)与电网连接。本发明涉及用于使用电单元(1)的方法，其中在分块变压器的运行故障的情况下(4)变换器(3)将分块变压器(4)与机器分离。

Description

用于使用电单元的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电站，尤其是用于使用电站的电单元的方法，其包括电机器，频率变换器和分块变压器，其中机器可通过变换器和分块变压器与电网连接。
背景技术
现代电站技术允许更有效地设计电站。在一些电站的情况下，例如风电站和抽水蓄能电站，规定，电机器直接与变换器连接。
现代抽水蓄能电站或泵存储器具有例如转速可变的驱动。通过将机器的转速与网络频率耦合可以如此调节泵和涡轮机旋转速度，使得它们在接近最优的有效度上运行。此外允许泵吸运行中转速的变化，功率容纳自由调整。尤其是具有可变转速的系统可以快速从停止状态与网络相连或同步。
根据现有技术的泵存储器具有双供给的异步电机和功率电子变换器，以此实现泵和涡轮机的转速调节。因此一方面调节泵功率并且另一方面在需要时可以提高设备的有效度。
在用于泵或涡轮机的转速调节的实施方式中使用同步电机，其定子借助于具有可调频率的三相电流供给。在此频率变换借助于结合整流器和逆变器产生，它们通过电压或者电流中间电流彼此连接。
这样的实施方式是示例，其中电机器可直接与变换器（如频率变换器）相连。原则上还可设想如此设计其他电站，使得电机器可直接与变换器相连。
在大功率的情况下在电站中出现非常高发电机电流，该发电机电流不可在电站和消费者之间传输，因为沿着通过电电阻的传导的损失二次幂地随电流增加。因此经常设置分块变压器或还称为机器变压器，其发电机电压设置到例如高电压网络中常见高得多的电压，其中电流相应更小。
此外为保护电站中的分块变压器经常设置发电机开关，发电机功率开关或还称为发电机电路断路器。该电路断路器在紧急情况中例如在分块变压器的运行故障的情况下以发电机方式工作的机器从分块变压器分开并且保护分块变压器免受高短路电流，高短路电流在功能故障的情况下从机器侧影响分块变压器。如果它仅与网络，但未与机器分离，机器此外如此供给损坏的分块变压器，其可能可以导致块变压器的爆炸。
对此发电机开关在制造和维护中花费大且成本高，因为其在极端条件下开关必需在紧急情况下将机器与分块变压器分开。
由此得出本发明以该任务提出为基础，简化并且更有效地设计电站。
发明内容
这个任务通过如下所述的方法来解决。根据本发明的使用电站的电单元的方法，其中所述电单元包括能以电动机方式和以发电机方式使用的同步电机器、具有活动开关元件的变换器和分块变压器，所述同步电机器能通过变换器和分块变压器与电网连接，所述同步电机器的定子借助于具有可调频率的三相电流进行供电，所述频率借助于所述变换器产生，所述方法包括下列步骤：在所述同步电机器的以发电机方式的运行中单元的运行故障的情况下，通过打开所述变换器的活动开关元件来分离所述同步电机器和所述分块变压器之间的连接，其中在所述分块变压器的运行故障情况下，所述同步电机器在不使用发电机功率开关或发电机电路断路器的情况下被从所述分块变压器分开，使得通过打开所述变换器的活动开关元件来避免所述分块变压器的运行故障可能导致的所述分块变压器的爆炸。
在此本发明提出用于使用电站（例如抽水蓄能电站，风电站或煤电站）的电单元的方法。电单元包括电机器（例如转速可变或转速不变的机器），频率变换器和分块变压器或机器变压器，其中机器可通过频率变换器和变压器与电网相连。该方法规定，在如分块变压器的功能故障的运行故障的情况下或在紧急情况下频率变换器通过例如从晶体管或晶闸管打开活动开关元件将分块变压器从机器分离。
通过使用频率变换器作为分离器可以省略发电机开关。由此减小电单元的制造和维护的成本。
附图说明
本发明的其他特征、细节和优点从实施例的描述根据附图给出。
本发明在更多细节中根据下面文本参考优选的实施例根据附图更详细地解释。其示出
图1是具有电机器和通过分块变压器与电网连接的变换器的电单元的示意表示。
附图标记及其意义在附图标记列表中概述。一般来说相同附图标记表示相同部件。
具体实施方式
图1以示意表示示出电单元1，其包括电机器2和通过分块变压器4与电网5相连的变换器3。机器2根据机器2的运行方式作为电动机或发电机使用。
频率变换借助于整流器和逆变器的组合产生。整流器和逆变器通过集中或发布的电压中间电路或电流中间电路彼此相连。此外中间电路在此用于能量存储的单元例如在电压中间电路的情况下的电容器和在电流中间电路的情况下的电感。
在合适的构建的情况下网络侧整流器或逆变器或还有ARU和机器侧整流器或逆变器或还有INU可以安全地克制导致太高短路电流的分块变压器4中的出现的故障情况，这是因为机器2通过变换器3从分块变压器4退耦。
具有可自由选择的转速的机器的运行在不同应用中具有巨大的优势。在抽水蓄能电站的示例中可以通过机器的转速与网络频率退耦来如此调整泵和涡轮机旋转速度，使得泵和涡轮机旋转速度接近最优有效度运行。此外允许自由调整功率容纳的泵吸运行中转速的变化。通过使用同步机器2尤其是还可实现例如用于高坡度的高转速。此外运行上可达到的转速范围连续从零到达最大转速并且仅通过泵和涡轮机的运行上极限限制。泵和涡轮机可以原则上集成在一个单元例如泵涡轮机。尤其是存在该可能性：翻新旧设备到可变频率运行，无需更换现有发电机。另一个优点在于发出迅速的网络耦合和产生变换器3中的正和负无功功率的可能性，因此发电机可以排外地以有功功率运行，由此发电机具有紧凑的构造型式。此外可以通过使用变换器3快速例如从泵吸运行转换到涡轮机运行。
尤其是可以使用通过根据本发明的实施方式建立的可靠并且低维护的同步发电机技术。
附图标记列表
1 电单元
2 机器
3 变换器
4 分块变压器
5 电网

Claims (1)

1.一种使用电站的电单元(1)的方法，
其中所述电单元(1)包括能以电动机方式和以发电机方式使用的同步电机器(2)、具有活动开关元件的变换器(3)和分块变压器(4)，
其中所述同步电机器(2)能通过变换器(3)和分块变压器(4)与电网(5)连接，以及
其中所述同步电机器(2)的定子借助于具有可调频率的三相电流进行供电，所述频率借助于所述变换器(3)产生，
所述方法包括下列步骤:
a.在所述同步电机器(2)的以发电机方式的运行中单元(1)的运行故障的情况下，通过打开所述变换器(3)的活动开关元件来分离所述同步电机器(2)和所述分块变压器(4)之间的连接，
其中在所述分块变压器(4)的运行故障情况下，所述同步电机器(2)在不使用发电机功率开关或发电机电路断路器的情况下被从所述分块变压器（4）分开，使得通过打开所述变换器(3)的活动开关元件来避免所述分块变压器（4）的运行故障可能导致的所述分块变压器（4）的爆炸。
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EP12158786.9 2012-03-09
EP12158786 2012-03-09
PCT/EP2013/054870 WO2013132103A1 (de) 2012-03-09 2013-03-11 Verfahren zur verwendung einer elektrischen einheit

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CN104145390B true CN104145390B (zh) 2018-04-10

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CN201380013199.5A Pending CN104145395A (zh) 2012-03-09 2013-03-11 抽水蓄能电站的电单元
CN201380013136.XA Pending CN104145415A (zh) 2012-03-09 2013-03-11 用于运行抽水蓄能电站的电单元的方法

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