Classifications

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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/425—Thiazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/425—Thiazoles
  • A61K31/426—1,3-Thiazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/20—Antivirals for DNA viruses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
  • C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D277/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D277/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D277/38—Nitrogen atoms
  • C07D277/42—Amino or imino radicals substituted by hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
  • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
  • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

• the present invention describes compounds and methods useful for the treatment of cancer, including primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, and cholangiocarcinoma, and the treatment of viral hepatitis infection, including but not limited to hepatitis A virus infection, hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis c virus infection, hepatitis D virus infection, and hepatitis E virus infection, as well as other viral species that infect the liver.
• cancer including primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, and cholangiocarcinoma
• viral hepatitis infection including but not limited to hepatitis A virus infection, hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis c virus infection, hepatitis D virus infection, and hepatitis E virus infection, as well as other viral species that infect the liver.
• liver cancer is currently the fifth most common cause of cancer deaths among men, and ninth among women in the US, with the numbers increasing yearly.
• the most recent data indicate that in 2008 there were an estimated 21,370 new cases of liver and bile duct cancer of which the majority are hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), with 18,410 deaths (Institute, N.C., SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2005, Ries LAG, et al., Editors, 2008.).
• HCCs hepatocellular carcinomas
• the present invention targets the cell types that have been demonstrated to support viral infection in the liver, the present invention addresses also the need for new antiviral drugs that are both disease-modifying and effective in treating patients that are infected with hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and hepatitis E virus, as well as other viral species that infect the liver.
• the present invention is directed toward novel substituted aminothiazoles, compounds of formula (I),
• R 1 is selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 -C 9 linear alkyl, isopropyl, cyclohexyl, bromine, cyano,
• R 2 is selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, benzyl, and
• Ar 1 is selected from a group consisting of phenyl
• Ar 2 is selected from a group consisting of phenyl
• the present invention is also directed toward novel methods of use of compounds of the structures.
• compositions comprising:
• the present invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing diseases that involve unregulated cell growth, including, for example, primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, cholangiocarcinoma breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, and metastatic disease, said method comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound or composition according to the present invention.
• the present invention yet further relates to a method for treating or preventing diseases that involve unregulated cell growth, including, for example, primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, and cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, and metastatic disease, wherein said method comprises administering to a subject a composition comprising an effective amount of one or more compounds according to the present invention and an excipient.
• the present invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing disease or conditions associated with primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, and cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, and metastatic disease, and diseases that involve unregulated cell growth.
• Said methods comprise administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound or composition according to the present invention.
• the present invention yet further relates to a method for treating or preventing disease or conditions associated with primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, and cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, and metastatic disease, and diseases that involve unregulated cell growth, wherein said method comprises administering to a subject a composition comprising an effective amount of one or more compounds according to the present invention and an excipient.
• the present invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing disease or conditions associated with unregulated cell growth. Said methods comprise administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound or composition according to the present invention.
• the present invention yet further relates to a method for treating or preventing disease or conditions associated with unregulated cell growth, wherein said method comprises administering to a subject a composition comprising an effective amount of one or more compounds according to the present invention and an excipient.
• the present invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing diseases that involve infection with a hepatits virus, including, for example, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and hepatitis E virus, as well as other viral species that infect the liver, said method comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound or composition according to the present invention.
• a hepatits virus including, for example, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and hepatitis E virus, as well as other viral species that infect the liver
• the present invention yet further relates to a method for treating or preventing diseases that involve infection with a hepatitis virus, including, for example, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and hepatitis E virus, as well as other viral species that infect the liver, wherein said method comprises administering to a subject a composition comprising an effective amount of one or more compounds according to the present invention and an excipient.
• a hepatitis virus including, for example, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and hepatitis E virus, as well as other viral species that infect the liver
• the present invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing disease or conditions associated with hepatits A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and hepatitis E virus, and diseases that involve infection with a hepatitis virus as well as other viral species that infect the liver.
• Said methods comprise administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound or composition according to the present invention.
• the present invention yet further relates to a method for treating or preventing disease or conditions associated with hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and Hepatitis E virus, and diseases that involve infection with a hepatits virus as well as other viral species that infect the liver, wherein said method comprises administering to a subject a composition comprising an effective amount of one or more compounds according to the present invention and an excipient.
• the present invention also relates to a method for treating or preventing disease or conditions associated with infection with a hepatits virus, as well as other viral species that infect the liver.
• Said methods comprise administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound or composition according to the present invention.
• the present invention yet further relates to a method for treating or preventing disease or conditions associated with infection with a hepatits virus, as well as other viral species that infect the liver, wherein said method comprises administering to a subject a composition comprising an effective amount of one or more compounds according to the present invention and an excipient.
• the present invention further relates to a process for preparing the compounds of the present invention.
• the substituted aminothiazoles of the present invention are capable of treating and preventing diseases associated with unregulated cell growth, for example primary liver cancer hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, and cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, and metastatic disease.
• the substituted aminothiazoles of the present invention are also capable of treating and preventing diseases associated with infection with a hepatits virus, for example hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and hepatitis E virus, as well as other viruses that infect the liver.
• HCC hepatocellular carcinoma
• the substituted aminothiazoles of the disclosure destroy cells that support infection with a hepatits virus, for example hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and Hepatitis E virus, such as (cell type to support Hepatitis infection), and can serve as antiviral agents for the treatment and prevent of diseases associated with infection with a hepatits virus, for example hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and Hepatitis E virus, as well as other viral species that infect the liver.
• a hepatits virus for example hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and Hepatitis E virus, as well as other viral species that infect the liver.
• substituted aminothiazoles of the disclosure can ameliorate, abate, otherwise cause to be controlled, diseases associated unregulated cell growth.
• substituted aminothiazoles of the disclosure can ameliorate, abate, otherwise cause to be controlled, diseases associated with infection of the liver with a virus.
• compositions are described as having, including, or comprising specific components, or where processes are described as having, including, or comprising specific process steps, it is contemplated that compositions of the present teachings also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components, and that the processes of the present teachings also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited processing steps.
• an element or component is said to be included in and/or selected from a list of recited elements or components, it should be understood that the element or component can be any one of the recited elements or components and can be selected from a group consisting of two or more of the recited elements or components.
• halogen shall mean chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine.
• alkyl and/or “aliphatic” whether used alone or as part of a substituent group refers to straight and branched carbon chains having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or any number within this range, for example 1 to 6 carbon atoms or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• Designated numbers of carbon atoms shall refer independently to the number of carbon atoms in an alkyl moiety or to the alkyl portion of a large alkyl-containing substituent.
• alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, and the like.
• Alkyl groups can be optionally substituted.
• Non-limiting examples of substituted alkyl groups include hydroxymethyl, chloromethyl, trifluoromethyl, aminomethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 1,2-difluoroethyl, 3-carboxypropyl, and the like.
• substituent groups with multiple alkyl groups such as (C 1-6 alkyl) 2 amino, the alkyl groups may be the same or different.
• alkenyl and alkynyl groups refer to straight and branched carbon chains having 2 or more carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 20, wherein an alkenyl chain has at least one double bond in the chain and an alkynyl chain has at least one triple bond in the chain.
• Alkenyl and alkynyl groups can be optionally substituted.
• Nonlimiting examples of alkenyl groups include ethenyl, 3-propenyl, 1-propenyl (also 2-methylethenyl), isopropenyl (also 2-methylethen-2-yl), buten-4-yl, and the like.
• Nonlimiting examples of substituted alkenyl groups include 2-chloroethenyl (also 2-chlorovinyl), 4-hydroxybuten-1-yl, 7-hydroxy-7-methyloct-4-en-2-yl, 7-hydroxy-7-methyloct-3,5-dien-2-yl, and the like.
• Nonlimiting examples of alkynyl groups include ethynyl, prop-2-ynyl (also propargyl), propyn-1-yl, and 2-methyl-hex-4-yn-1-yl.
• substituted alkynyl groups include, 5-hydroxy-5-methylhex-3-ynyl, 6-hydroxy-6-methylhept-3-yn-2-yl, 5-hydroxy-5-ethylhept-3-ynyl, and the like.
• cycloalkyl refers to a non-aromatic carbon-containing ring including cyclized alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups, e.g., having from 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 7 or 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms, or even 3 to 4 ring carbon atoms, and optionally containing one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) double or triple bond.
• Cycloalkyl groups can be monocyclic (e.g., cyclohexyl) or polycyclic (e.g., containing fused bridge, and/or spiro ring systems), wherein the carbon atoms are located inside or outside of the ring system. Any suitable ring position of the cycloalkyl group can be covalently linked to the defined chemical structure. Cycloalkyl rings can be optionally substituted.
• Nonlimiting examples of cycloalkyl groups include: cyclopropyl, 2-methyl-cyclopropyl, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutyl, 2,3-dihydroxycyclobutyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctanyl, decalinyl, 2,5-dimethylcyclopentyl, 3,5-dichlorocyclohexyl, 4-hydroxycyclohexyl, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohex-1-yl, octahydropentalenyl, octahydro-1H-indenyl, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-inden-4-yl, decahydroazulenyl; bicyclo[6.2.0]decanyl,
• cycloalkyl also includes carbocyclic rings which are bicyclic hydrocarbon rings, non-limiting examples of which include, bicyclo-[2.1.1]hexanyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanyl, 1,3-dimethyl[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl, and bicyclo[3.3.3]undecanyl.
• Haloalkyl is intended to include both branched and straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms, substituted with 1 or more halogen.
• Haloalkyl groups include perhaloalkyl groups, wherein all hydrogens or an alkyl group have been replaced with halogens (e.g., —CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 ).
• Haloalkyl groups can optionally be substituted with one or more substitutents in addition to halogen.
• haloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, fluoromethyl, dichloroethyl, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, and pentachloroethyl groups.
• alkoxy refers to the group —O-alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is as defined above. Alkoxy groups optionally may be substituted.
• C 3 -C 6 cyclic alkoxy refers to a ring containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms and at least one oxygen atom (e.g., tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydro-2H-pyran). C 3 -C 6 cyclic alkoxy groups optionally may be substituted.
• aryl wherein used alone or as part of another group, is defined herein as a an unsaturated, aromatic monocyclic ring of 6 carbon members or to an unsaturated, aromatic polycyclic ring of from 10 to 14 carbon members.
• Aryl rings can be, for example, phenyl or naphthyl ring each optionally substituted with one or more moieties capable of replacing one or more hydrogen atoms.
• Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include: phenyl, naphthylen-1-yl, naphthylen-2-yl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 2-amino-4-fluorophenyl, 2-(N,N-diethylamino)phenyl, 2-cyanophenyl, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 8-hydroxynaphthylen-2-yl 4,5-dimethoxynaphthylen-1-yl, and 6-cyano-naphthylen-1-yl.
• Aryl groups also include, for example, phenyl or naphthyl rings fused with one or more saturated or partially saturated carbon rings (e.g., bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trienyl, indanyl), which can be substituted at one or more carbon atoms of the aromatic and/or saturated or partially saturated rings.
• phenyl or naphthyl rings fused with one or more saturated or partially saturated carbon rings (e.g., bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trienyl, indanyl), which can be substituted at one or more carbon atoms of the aromatic and/or saturated or partially saturated rings.
• arylalkyl refers to the group -alkyl-aryl, where the alkyl and aryl groups are as defined herein.
• Aralkyl groups of the present invention are optionally substituted. Examples of arylalkyl groups include, for example, benzyl, 1-phenylethyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 2-phenylpropyl, fluorenylmethyl and the like.
• heterocyclic and/or “heterocycle” and/or “heterocylyl,” whether used alone or as part of another group, are defined herein as one or more ring having from 3 to 20 atoms wherein at least one atom in at least one ring is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S), and wherein further the ring that includes the heteroatom is non-aromatic.
• the non-heteroatom bearing ring may be aryl (e.g., indolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, chromaryl).
• heterocycle groups have from 3 to 14 ring atoms of which from 1 to 5 are heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S).
• N nitrogen
• O oxygen
• S sulfur
• One or more N or S atoms in a heterocycle group can be oxidized.
• Heterocycle groups can be optionally substituted.
• Non-limiting examples of heterocyclic units having a single ring include: diazirinyl, aziridinyl, urazolyl, azetininyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolinyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolinyl oxathiazolidinonyl, oxazolidinonyl, hydantoinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperidin-2-onyl (valerolactam), 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-azepinyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indole, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-
• Non-limiting examples of heterocyclic units having 2 or more rings include: hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizinyl, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazolyl, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-indolyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl, chromanyl, isochromanyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, and decahydro-1H-cycloocta[b]pyrrolyl.
• heteroaryl is defined herein as one or more rings having from 5 to 20 atoms wherein at least one atom in at least one ring is a heteroatom chosen from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S), and wherein further at least one of the rings that includes a heteroatom is aromatic.
• the non-heteroatom bearing ring may be a carbocycle (e.g., 6,7-Dihydro-5H-cyclopentapyrimidine) or aryl (e.g., benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, indolyl).
• heteroaryl groups have from 5 to 14 ring atoms and contain from 1 to 5 ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S).
• N nitrogen
• O oxygen
• S sulfur
• One or more N or S atoms in a heteroaryl group can be oxidized.
• heteroaryl groups can be substituted.
• heteroaryl rings containing a single ring include: 1,2,3,4-tetrazolyl, [1,2,3]triazolyl, [1,2,4]triazolyl, triazinyl, thiazolyl, 1H-imidazolyl, oxazolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrimidinyl, 2-phenylpyrimidinyl, pyridinyl, 3-methylpyridinyl, and 4-dimethylaminopyridinyl.
• heteroaryl rings containing 2 or more fused rings include: benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benztriazolyl, cinnolinyl, naphthyridinyl, phenanthridinyl, 7H-purinyl, 9H-purinyl, 6-amino-9H-purinyl, 5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl, 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl, pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl, 2-phenylbenzo[d]thiazolyl, 1H-indolyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-H-indolyl, quinoxalinyl, 5-methylquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, 8-hydroxy-quinolinyl, and isoquinolinyl.
• heteroaryl group as described above is C 1 -C 5 heteroaryl, which has 1 to 5 carbon ring atoms and at least one additional ring atom that is a heteroatom (preferably 1 to 4 additional ring atoms that are heteroatoms) independently selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S).
• N nitrogen
• O oxygen
• S sulfur
• C 1 -C 5 heteroaryl examples include, but are not limited to, trizinyl, thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, imidazol-1-yl, 1H-imidazol-2-yl, 1H-imidazol-4-yl, isoxazolin-5-yl, furan-2-yl, furan-3-yl, thiophen-2-yl, thiophen-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, and pyridin-4-yl.
• the ring when two substituents are taken together to form a ring having a specified number of ring atoms (e.g., R 2 and R 3 taken together with the nitrogen (N) to which they are attached to form a ring having from 3 to 7 ring members), the ring can have carbon atoms and optionally one or more (e.g., 1 to 3) additional heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or sulfur (S).
• the ring can be saturated or partially saturated and can be optionally substituted.
• fused ring units as well as spirocyclic rings, bicyclic rings and the like, which comprise a single heteroatom will be considered to belong to the cyclic family corresponding to the heteroatom containing ring.
• 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline having the formula:
• aryl ring When a fused ring unit contains heteroatoms in both a saturated and an aryl ring, the aryl ring will predominate and determine the type of category to which the ring is assigned. For example, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro[1,8]naphthyridine having the formula:
• substituted is used throughout the specification.
• substituted is defined herein as a moiety, whether acyclic or cyclic, which has one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by a substituent or several (e.g., 1 to 10) substituents as defined herein below.
• the substituents are capable of replacing one or two hydrogen atoms on two adjacent carbons to form said substituent, new moiety or unit.
• a substituted unit that requires a single hydrogen atom replacement includes halogen, hydroxyl, and the like.
• a two hydrogen atom replacement includes carbonyl, oximino, and the like.
• a two hydrogen atom replacement from adjacent carbon atoms includes epoxy, and the like.
• substituted is used throughout the present specification to indicate that a moiety can have one or more of the hydrogen atoms replaced by a substitutent.
• any number of the hydrogen atoms may be replaced.
• difluoromethyl is a substituted C 1 alkyl
• trifluoromethyl is a substituted C 1 alkyl
• 4-hydroxyphenyl is a substituted aromatic ring
• (N,N-dimethyl-5-amino)octanyl is a substituted C 3 alkyl
• 3-guanidinopropyl is a substituted C 3 alkyl
• 2-carboxypyridinyl is a substituted heteroaryl.
• variable groups defined herein e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aryl, heterocycle and heteroaryl groups defined herein, whether used alone or as part of another group, can be optionally substituted. Optionally substituted groups will be so indicated.
• substitutents which can substitute for hydrogen atoms on a moiety: halogen (chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), fluorine (F) and iodine (I)), —CN, —NO 2 , oxo ( ⁇ O), —OR 3 , —SR 3 , —N(R 3 ) 2 , —NR 3 C(O)R 3 , —SO 2 R 3 , —SO 2 OR 3 , —SO 2 N(R 3 ) 2 , —C(O)R 3 , —C(O)OR 3 , —C(O)N(R 3 ) 2 , C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 2-8 alkenyl, C 2-8 alkynyl, C 3-14 cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle, or heteroaryl, wherein each of the alkyl, haloalkyl,
• the substitutents are selected from:
• C 1-6 alkyl is specifically intended to individually disclosed C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , C 6 , C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 5 , C 1 -C 4 , C 1 -C 3 , C 1 -C 2 , C 2 -C 6 , C 2 -C 5 , C 2 -C 4 , C 2 -C 3 , C 3 -C 6 , C 3 -C 5 , C 3 -C 4 , C 4 -C 6 , C 4 -C 5 , and C 5 -C 6 , alkyl.
• asymmetric atom also referred as a chiral center
• some of the compounds can contain one or more asymmetric atoms or centers, which can thus give rise to optical isomers (enantiomers) and diastereomers.
• the present teachings and compounds disclosed herein include such enantiomers and diastereomers, as well as the racemic and resolved, enantiomerically pure R and S stereoisomers, as well as other mixtures of the R and S stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• Optical isomers can be obtained in pure form by standard procedures known to those skilled in the art, which include, but are not limited to, diastereomeric salt formation, kinetic resolution, and asymmetric synthesis.
• the present teachings also encompass cis and trans isomers of compounds containing alkenyl moieties (e.g., alkenes and imines). It is also understood that the present teachings encompass all possible regioisomers, and mixtures thereof, which can be obtained in pure form by standard separation procedures known to those skilled in the art, and include, but are not limited to, column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography.
• salts of compounds of the present teachings can be formed using organic and inorganic bases. Both mono and polyanionic salts are contemplated, depending on the number of acidic hydrogens available for deprotonation.
• Suitable salts formed with bases include metal salts, such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium, or magnesium salts; ammonia salts and organic amine salts, such as those formed with morpholine, thiomorpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di- or tri-lower alkylamine (e.g., ethyl-tert-butyl-, diethyl-, diisopropyl-, triethyl-, tributyl- or dimethylpropylamine), or a mono-, di-, or trihydroxy lower alkylamine (e.g., mono-, di- or triethanolamine).
• metal salts such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example
• inorganic bases include NaHCO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , KHCO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , Cs s CO 3 , LiOH, NaOH, KOH, NaH 2 PO 4 , Na 2 HPO 4 , and Na 3 PO 4 .
• Internal salts also can be formed.
• salts can be formed using organic and inorganic acids.
• salts can be formed from the following acids; acetic, propionic, lactic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, tartaric, succinic, dichloroacetic, ethenesulfonic, formic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hippuric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, malonic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, napthalenesulfonic, nitric, oxalic, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, phthalic, propionic, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, toluenesulfonic, and camphorsulfonic as well as other known pharmaceutically acceptable acids.
• treat and “treating” and “treatment” as used herein, refer to partially or completely alleviating, inhibiting, ameliorating and/or relieving a condition from which a patient is suspected to suffer.
• terapéuticaally effective and “effective dose” refer to a substance or an amount that elicits a desirable biological activity or effect.
• the terms “subject” or “patient” are used interchangeabaly and refer to mammals such as human patients and non-human primates, as well as experimental animals such as rabbits, rats, and mice, and other animals. Accordingly, the term “subject” or “patient” as used herein means any mammalian patient or subject to which the compounds of the invention can be administered.
• accepted screening methods are employed to determine risk factors associated with a targeted or suspected disease or condition or to determine the status of an existing disease or condition in a subject. These screening methods include, for example, conventional work-ups to determine risk factors that may be associated with the targeted or suspected disease or condition.
• the compounds of the present invention are substituted aminothiazoles, and include all enantiomeric and diastereomeric forms and pharmaceutically accepted salts thereof having the formula:
• R 2 is selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, benzyl, and
• Ar 1 is selected from a group consisting of phenyl
• Ar 2 is selected from a group consisting of phenyl
• the present invention is also directed toward novel methods of use of compounds of the structure
• R 1 is hydrogen
• R 1 is C 1 -C 9 linear alkyl
• R 1 is methyl
• R 1 is ethyl
• R 1 is ethyl
• R 1 is pentyl
• R 1 is nonyl
• R 1 is isopropyl
• R 1 is cyclohexyl
• R 1 is bromine
• R 1 is cyano
• R 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• R 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• R 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• R 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• R 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• R 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• R 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• R 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• R 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• R 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• R 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• R 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• R 2 is hydrogen
• R 2 is methyl
• R 2 is isopropyl
• R 2 is tert-butyl
• R 2 is benzyl
• R 2 is
• Ar 1 is phenyl
• Ar 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• Ar 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• Ar 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• Ar 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• Ar 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• Ar 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• Ar 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• Ar 1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
• Ar 2 is phenyl
• Ar 2 is
• Ar 2 is
• Ar 2 is
• Ar 2 is
• Ar 2 is
• Ar 2 is
• Ar 2 is
• Ar 2 is
• Ar 2 is
• Ar 2 is
• Ar 2 is
• Exemplary embodiments include compounds having the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof:
• R 1 , R 2 , Ar 1 and Ar 2 are defined herein below in Table 1.
• a compound depicted by the racemic formula will stand equally well for either of the two enantiomers or mixtures thereof, or in the case where a second chiral center is present, all diastereomers.
• the present invention further relates to a process for preparing the compounds of the present invention.
• product formation can be monitored by spectroscopic means, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (e.g., 1 H or 13 C), infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry (e.g., UV-visible), mass spectrometry, or by chromatography such as high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), or thin layer chromatography (TLC).
• spectroscopic means such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (e.g., 1 H or 13 C), infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry (e.g., UV-visible), mass spectrometry, or by chromatography such as high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), or thin layer chromatography (TLC).
• HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography
• GC gas chromatography
• GPC gel-permeation chromatography
• TLC thin layer chromatography
• Preparation of the compounds can involve protection and deprotection of various chemical groups.
• the need for protection and deprotection and the selection of appropriate protecting groups can be readily determined by one skilled in the art.
• the chemistry of protecting groups can be found, for example, in Greene et al., Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2d. Ed. (Wiley & sons, 1991), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.
• Suitable solvents typically are substantially nonreactive with the reactants, intermediates, and/or products at the temperatures at which the reactions are carried out, i.e., temperatures that can range from the solvent's freezing temperature to the solvent's boiling temperature.
• a given reaction can be carried out in one solvent or a mixture of more than one solvent.
• suitable solvents for a particular reaction step can be selected.
• 1-(pyrazin-2-yl)thiourea was synthesized from pyrazin-2-ylamine in the same manner as Example 1 to provide the product as a white solid.
• 1 H NMR 300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ): ⁇ 10.83 (s, 1H, NH), 9.94 (s, 1H, NH), 9.08 (s, 1H, NH), 8.52 (s, 1H, CH ), 8.23 (s, 2H, CH ).
• 1-(pyrimidin-4-yl)thiourea was synthesized from pyrimidin-4-ylamine in the same manner as Example 1 to provide the produce as a white solid.
• 1-(5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)thiourea was synthesized from 5-chloro-pyrimidin-2-ylamine in the same manner as Example 1 to provide the product as a white solid.
• 1 H NMR 300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ): ⁇ 10.88 (s, 1H, NH), 9.90 (s, 1H, NH), 9.20 (s, 1H, NH), 8.72 (s, 2H, CH ).
• 1-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)thiourea was synthesized from 5-bromo-pyrimidin-2-ylamine in the same manner as Example 1 to provide the product as a white solid.
• 1 H NMR 300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ): ⁇ 10.85 (s, 1H, NH), 9.89 (s, 1H, NH), 9.21 (s, 1H, NH), 8.77 (s, 2H, CH ).
• 1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)thiourea was synthesized from 4-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine in the same manner as Example 1 to provide the product.
• Benzoyl chloride (1.74 mL, 15 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of ammonium thiocyanate (1.90 g, 25 mmol) in dry acetone (20 mL) at room temperature. It was heated to reflux for 15 minutes, and then treated with 4-methylpyrimidin-2-amine (1.09 g, 10 mmol). Refluxing was continued for 30 minutes. After cooling down, the reaction mixture was poured onto ice and stirred for 30 minutes. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water, and then hydrolyzed in 2N sodium hydroxide (30 mL) at 80° C. for 30 minutes. It was cooled to room temperature and poured into ice-cold 6 M HCl (20 mL).
• reaction mixture was diluted with hexanes (100 mL), then filtered through a silica gel pad and washed with a mixture of dichloromethane and hexanes (25:75, 200 mL). The filtrate was concentrated to give the crude O-((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl) carbonisothiocyanatidate as light-yellow oil, which was dissolved in toluene (100 mL), followed by addition of pyrimidin-2-amine (3.62 g, 38.0 mmol).
• 4-(pyridin-2-yl)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine could be further converted to the HCl salt using the following procedure: A suspension of 4-(pyridin-2-yl)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine (102 mg, 0.4 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) was treated 4 M HCl solution (in 1,4-dioxane, 1 mL). Then, it was heated to reflux and the reaction mixture became a clear solution. The solvent was removed by evaporation and the given residue was further purified by recrystallization in ethyl acetate to afford 130 mg of HCl salt.
• N,4-diphenylthiazol-2-amine was synthesized from 2-bromo-1-phenyl-ethanone and phenyl-thiourea in the same manner as Example 20 to provide the product as a light-yellow solid.
• MS: MH + 253.
• N-phenyl-4-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine was synthesized from 2-bromo-1-pyridin-2-yl-ethanone and phenyl-thiourea in the same manner as Example 20 to provide the product as a light-yellow solid.
• N,4-di(pyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine was synthesized from 2-bromo-1-pyridin-2-yl-ethanone and pyridin-2-yl-thiourea in the same manner as Example 20 to provide the product as a white solid.
• 4-(pyridin-3-yl)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine was synthesized from 2-bromo-1-pyridin-3-yl-ethanone and pyrimidin-2-yl-thiourea in the same manner as Example 20 to provide the product as a gray solid.
• N-(pyrazin-2-yl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine was synthesized from 2-bromo-1-pyridin-2-yl-ethanone and pyrimidin-2-yl-thiourea in the same manner as Example 20 to provide the product as a brown solid.
• 4-(pyridin-2-yl)-N-(pyrimidin-4-yl)thiazol-2-amine was synthesized from 2-bromo-1-pyridin-2-yl-ethanone and pyrimidin-4-yl-thiourea ion the same manner as Example 20 to provide the product as a brown solid.
• 4-(6-bromopyridin-2-yl)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine was synthesized from 2-bromo-1-(6-bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-ethanone and pyrimidin-2-yl-thiourea in the same manner as Example 20 to provide the product as a gray solid.
• 4-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine was synthesized from 2-bromo-1-(4-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethanone and pyrimidin-2-yl-thiourea in the same manner as Example 20 to provide the product as a dark gray solid.
• 6-(2-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)thiazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-ol dihydrochloride was synthesized from 2-bromo-1-(6-hydroxy-pyridine-2-yl)-ethanone dihydrochloride and pyrimidin-2-yl-thiourea in the same manner as Example 20 to provide the produce as a gray solid.
• N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-(quinolin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine dihydrochloride was synthesized from 2-bromo-1-quinolin-2-yl-ethanone dihydrochloride and pyrimidin-2-yl-thiourea in the same manner as Example 20 to provide the product as a gray solid. 1 H NMR.
• N-(5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine was synthesized from 2-bromo-1-pyridin-2-yl-ethanone and (5-chloro-pyrimidin-2-yl)-thiourea in the same manner as Example 20 to provide the product as a white solid.
• N-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine was synthesized from 2-bromo-1-pyridin-2-yl-ethanone and (5-bromo-pyrimidin-2-yl)-thiourea in the same manner as Example 20 to provide the product as a white solid.
• N-(4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine was synthesized from 2-bromo-1-pyridin-2-yl-ethanone and (4-methyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-thiourea in the same manner as Example 20 to provide the product as a gray solid.
• 6-methyl-N-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine was synthesized from 2-bromo-1-pyridin-2-yl-ethanone and (6-methyl-benzothiazol-2-yl)-thiourea in the same manner as Example 20 to provide the product as a light-brown solid.
• 5-Pentyl-4-(pyridin-2-yl)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine was synthesized from 2-bromo-1-pyridin-2-yl-heptan-1-one and pyrimidin-2-yl-thiourea in the same manner as Example 20 to provide the product as a graph solid.
• 5Nonyl-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)thiazol-1-amine was synthesized from 2-bromo-1-pyridin-2-yl-undecan-1-one and pyrimidin-2-yl-thiourea in the same manner as Example 20 to provide the product as a silver-gray solid.
• N-methyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine was synthesized from 4-pyridin-2-yl)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine and iodomethane in the same manner as Example 45 to provide the produce as a white solid in 50% yield.
• N-benzyl-4-(pyridin-2-yl)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine was synthesized from 4-(pyridin-2-yl)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine and benzyl bromide in the same manner as Example 45 to provide the product as a white solid.
• Ethyl 4-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)-2-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxylate was synthesized from pyrimidin-2-yl-thiourea and 3-(4-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-3-oxo-propionic acid ethyl ester in the same manner as Example 53 to provide the product as a gray solid.
• Ethyl 4-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-2-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxylate was synthesized from pyrimidin-2-yl-thiourea and 3-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-3-oxo-propionic acid ethyl ester in the same manner as Example 53 to provide the product as a brown-reddish solid.
• Ethyl 2-((4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazole-5-carboxylate was synthesized from (4-methyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-thiourea and 3-oxo-3-pyridin-2-yl-propionic acid ethyl ester in the same manner as Example 53 to provide the product as a brown-reddish solid.
• a reaction mixture of 4-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxylic acid (60 mg, 0.2 mmol), methylamine hydrochloride (27 mg, 0.4 mmol), benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy-tris-(dimethylamino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP, 221 mg, 0.5 mmol), triethylamine (83 ⁇ L, 0.6 mmol) in dimethylformamide (2mL) in a sealed tube was heated to 75° C. for 24 hours. Then it was quenched with water (20 mL), filtered and washed with water.
• BOP benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy-tris-(dimethylamino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate
• BOP benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy-tris-(dimethylamino)-phosphonium hex
• a reaction mixture of 4-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxylic acid (60 mg, 0.2 mmol), benzylamine (43 mg, 0.4 mmol), benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy-tris-dimethylamino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP, 195 mg, 0.44 mmol), triethylamine (83 ⁇ L, 0.6 mmol), in dimethylformamide (10 mL) was stirred for 4 days. Then it was quenched with water (50 mL), filtered and washed with water.
• the present invention also relates to compositions or formulations which comprise the substituted aminothiazoles according to the present invention.
• the compositions of the present invention comprise an effective amount of one or more substituted aminothiazoles and salts thereof according to the present invention which are effective for providing treatment or preventing diseases that involve unregulated cell growth; and one or more excipients.
• the compositions of the present invention also comprise an effective amount of one or more substituted aminothiazoles and salts thereof according to the present invention which are effective for treating or preventing diseases that involve infection with a hepatitis virus; and one or more excipients.
• excipient and “carrier” are used interchangeably throughout the description of the present invention and said terms are defined herein as, “ingredients which are used in the practice of formulating a safe and effective pharmaceutical composition.”
• excipients are used primarily to serve in delivering a safe, stable, and functional pharmaceutical, serving not only as part of the overall vehicle for delivery but also as a means for achieving effective absorption by the recipient of the active ingredient.
• An excipient may fill a role as simple and direct as being an inert filler, or an excipient as used herein may be part of a pH stabilizing system or coating to insure delivery of the ingredients safely to the stomach.
• the formulator can also take advantage of the fact the compounds of the present invention have improved cellular potency, pharmacokinetic properties, as well as improved oral bioavailability.
• compositions that include at least one compound described herein and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, or diluents.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are well known to those skilled in the art and can be prepared in accordance with acceptable pharmaceutical procedures, such as, for example, those described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17the edition, ed. Alfonso R. Gennaro, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa. (1985), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.
• pharmaceutically acceptable refers to a substance that is acceptable for use in pharmaceutical applications from a toxicological perspective and does not adversely interact with the active ingredient.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are those that are compatible with the other ingredients in the formulation and are biologically acceptable. Supplementary active ingredients can also be incorporated into the pharmaceutical compositions.
• Compounds of the present teachings can be administered orally or parenterally, neat or in combination with conventional pharmaceutical carriers.
• Applicable solid carriers can include one or more substances which can also act as flavoring agents, lubricants, solubilizers, suspending agents, fillers, glidants, compression aids, binders or tablet-disintegrating agents, or encapsulating materials.
• the compounds can be formulated in conventional manner, for example, in a manner similar to that used for known anti-cancer agents.
• the compounds can also be formulated in conventional manner, for example, in a manner similar to that used for known anti-viral agents.
• Oral formulations containing a compound disclosed herein can comprise any conventionally used oral form, including tablets, capsules, buccal forms, troches, lozenges and oral liquids, suspensions or solutions.
• the carrier can be a finely divided solid, which is an admixture with a finely divided compound.
• a compound disclosed herein can be mixed with a carrier having the necessary compression properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shaped and size desired. The powders and tablets can contain up to 99% of the compound.
• Capsules can contain mixtures of one or more compound(s) disclosed herein with inert filler(s) and/or diluent(s) such as pharmaceutically acceptable starches (e.g., corn, potato or tapioca starch), sugars, artificial sweetening agents, powdered celluloses (e.g., crystalline and microcrystalline celluloses), flours, gelatins, gums, and the like.
• inert filler(s) and/or diluent(s) such as pharmaceutically acceptable starches (e.g., corn, potato or tapioca starch), sugars, artificial sweetening agents, powdered celluloses (e.g., crystalline and microcrystalline celluloses), flours, gelatins, gums, and the like.
• Useful tablet formulations can be made by conventional compression, wet granulation or dry granulation methods and utilize pharmaceutically acceptable diluents, binding agents, lubricants, disintegrants, surface modifying agents (including surfactants), suspending or stabilizing agents, including, but not limited to, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, talc, sugars, lactose, dextrin, starch, gelatin, cellulose, methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, polyvinylpyrrolidine, alginic acid, acacia gum, xanthan gum, sodium citrate, complex silicates, calcium carbonate, glycine, sucrose, sorbitol, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, lactose, kaolin, mannitol, sodium chloride, low melting waxes, and ion exchange resins.
• pharmaceutically acceptable diluents including
• Surface modifying agents include nonionic and anionic surface modifying agents.
• Representative examples of surface modifying agents include, but are not limited to, poloxamer 188, benzalkonium chloride, calcium stearate, cetostearl alcohol, cetomacrogol emulsifying wax, sorbitan esters, colloidal silicon dioxide, phosphates, sodium dodecylsulfate, magnesium aluminum silicate, and triethanolamine.
• Oral formulations herein can utilize standard delay or time-release formulations to alter the absorption of the compound(s).
• the oral formulation can also consist of administering a compound disclosed herein in water or fruit juice, containing appropriate solubilizers or emulsifiers as needed.
• Liquid carriers can be used in preparing solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, elixirs, and for inhaled delivery.
• a compound of the present teachings can be dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid carrier such as water, an organic solvent, or a mixture of both, or a pharmaceutically acceptable oils or fats.
• the liquid carrier can contain other suitable pharmaceutical additives such as solubilizers, emulsifiers, buffers, preservatives, sweeteners, flavoring agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, colors, viscosity regulators, stabilizers, and osmo-regulators.
• liquid carriers for oral and parenteral administration include, but are not limited to, water (particularly containing additives as described herein, e.g., cellulose derivatives such as a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution), alcohols (including monohydric alcohols and polyhydric alcohols, e.g., glycols) and their derivatives, and oils (e.g., fractionated coconut oil and arachis oil).
• the carrier can be an oily ester such as ethyl oleate and isopropyl myristate.
• Sterile liquid carriers are used in sterile liquid form compositions for parenteral administration.
• the liquid carrier for pressurized compositions can be halogenated hydrocarbon or other pharmaceutically acceptable propellants.
• Liquid pharmaceutical compositions which are sterile solutions or suspension, can be utilized by, for example, intramuscular, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection. Sterile solutions can also be administered intravenously.
• Compositions for oral administration can be in either liquid or solid form.
• the pharmaceutical composition is in unit dosage form, for example, as tablets, capsules, powders, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, granules, or suppositories.
• the pharmaceutical composition can be sub-divided in unit dose(s) containing appropriate quantities of the compound.
• the unit dosage forms can be packaged compositions, for example, packeted powders, vials ampoules, prefilled syringes or sachets containing liquids.
• the unit dosage form can be a capsule or tablet itself, or it can be the appropriate number of any such compositions in package form.
• Such unit dosage form can contain from about 1 mg/kg of compound to about 500 mg/kg of compound, and can be given in a single dose or in two or more doses.
• Such doses can be administered in any manner useful in directing the compound(s) to the recipient's bloodstream, including orally, via implants, parenterally (including intravenous, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections), rectally, vaginally, and transdermally.
• an effective dosage can vary depending upon the particular compound utilized, the mode of administration, and severity of the condition being treated, as well as the various physical factors related to the individual being treated.
• a compound of the present teachings can be provided to a patient already suffering from a disease in an amount sufficient to cure or at least partially ameliorate the symptoms of the disease and its complications.
• the dosage to be used in the treatment of a specific individual typically must be subjectively determined by the attending physician.
• the variables involved include the specific condition and its state as well as the size, age and response pattern of the patient.
• the compounds of the present teachings can be formulated into a liquid composition, a solid composition, or an aerosol composition.
• the liquid composition can include, by way of illustration, one or more compounds of the present teachings dissolved, partially dissolved, or suspended in one or more pharmaceutically acceptable solvents and can be administered by, for example, a pump or a squeeze-actuated nebulized spray dispenser.
• the solvents can be, for example isotonic saline or bacteriostatic water.
• the solid composition can be, by way of illustration, a powder preparation including one or more compounds of the present teachings intermixed with lactose or other inert powders that are acceptable for intrabronchial use, and can be administered by, for example, an aerosol dispenser or a device that breaks or punctures a capsule encasing the solid composition and delivers the solid composition for inhalation.
• the aerosol composition can include, by way of illustration, one or more compounds of the present teachings, propellants, surfactants, and co-solvents, and can be administered by, for example, a metered device.
• the propellants can be a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), a hydrofluoroalkane (HFA), or other propellants that are physiologically and environmentally acceptable.
• compositions described herein can be administered parentally or intraperitoneally. Solutions or suspensions of these compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or esters thereof can be prepared in water suitable mixed with a surfactant such as hydroxyl-propylcelluose. Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols, and mixtures thereof in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations typically contain a preservative to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
• the pharmaceutical forms suitable for injection can include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions.
• the form can sterile and its viscosity permits it to flow through a syringe.
• the form preferably is stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and can be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
• the carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (e.g., glycerol, propylene glycol and liquid polyethylene glycol), suitable mixtures thereof, and vegetable oils.
• Compounds described herein can be administered transdermally, i.e., administered across the surface of the body and the inner linings of bodily passages including epithelial and mucosal tissues. Such administration can be carried out using the compounds of the present teachings including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or esters thereof, in lotions, creams, foams, patches, suspensions, solutions, and suppositories (rectal and vaginal).
• Transdermal administration can be accomplished through the use of a transdermal patch containing a compound, such as a compound disclosed herein, and a carrier that can be inert to the compound, can be non-toxic to the skin, and can allow delivery of the compound for systemic absorption into the blood stream via the skin.
• the carrier can take any number of forms such as creams and ointments, pastes, gels, and occlusive devices.
• the creams and ointments can be viscous liquid or semisolid emulsions of either the oil-in-water or water-in-oil type. Pastes comprised of absorptive powders dispersed in petroleum or hydrophilic petroleum containing the compound can also be suitable.
• occlusive devices can be used to release the compound into the blood stream, such as a semi-permeable membrane covering a reservoir containing the compound with or without a carrier, or a matrix containing the compound.
• Other occlusive devices are known in the literature.
• Suppository formulations can be made from traditional materials, including cocoa butter, with or without the addition of waxes to alter the suppository's melting point, and glycerin.
• Water-soluble suppository bases such as polethylene glycols of various molecular weights, can also be used.
• Lipid formulations or nanocapsules can be used to introduce compounds of the present teachings into host cells either in vitro or in vivo.
• Lipid formulations and nanocapsules can be prepared by methods known in the art.
• a compound can be combined with other agents effective in the treatment of the target disease.
• other active compounds i.e., other active ingredients or agents
• the other agents can be administered at the same time or at different times than the compounds disclosed herein.
• Compounds of the present teachings can be useful for the treatment or inhibition of a pathological condition or disorder in a mammal, for example, a human subject.
• the present teachings accordingly provide methods of treating or inhibiting a pathological condition or disorder by providing to a mammal a compound of the present teachings including its pharmaceutically acceptable salt) or a pharmaceutical composition that includes one or more compounds of the present teachings in combination or association with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
• Compounds of the present teachings can be administered alone or in combination with other therapeutically effective compounds or therapies for the treatment or inhibition of the pathological condition or disorder.
• compositions according to the present invention include from about 0.001 mg to about 1000 mg of one or more according to the present invention and one or more excipients; from about 1000 mg of one or more according to the present invention and one or more according to the present invention and one or more excipients; and from about 0.1 mg to about 10 mg of one or more substituted aminothiazoles according to the present invention; and one or more excipients.
• the following procedures can be utilized in evaluation and selecting compounds as effective for providing treatment or preventing diseases that involve unregulated cell growth.
• the following procedures can also be utilized in evaluating and selecting compounds as effective for treating or preventing diseases that involve infection with a hepatitis virus.
• Huh-7 cells and derived from hepatocellular carcinoma cells were donated by Dr. Xuanyong Lu, (Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, Pa.).
• THLE-2 were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, Va.).
• PH5CH were donated by Dr. Masayuki Noguchi (University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan).
• THLE-2 and PH5CH have been immortalized through stable transfection of the SV5 large T antigen in normal hepatocytes, and are thus cell lines that are representative of normal hepatocytes rather than HCC cells.
• THLE2 have been confirmed to not form tumors in athymic mice. All cell lines were cultured and maintained in 5% CO 2 at 37° C.
• Huh-7 were maintained in the culture media DMEM/F12 (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle medium) with 10% Fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 ⁇ g/mL penicillin, 100 units/mL streptomycin, and 50 ⁇ g/mL normocin.
• DMEM/F12 Dulbecco's Modified Eagle medium
• FBS Fetal bovine serum
• THLE-2and PH5CH were maintained in the culture media Brochial Epithelial Growth Media (BEGM) with 10% FBS, 100 ⁇ g/mL penicillin, 100 units/mL streptomycin, with the following additives from the prepackaged kit: Bovine pituitary extract (BPE), insulin, hydrocortisone, retinoic acid, transferrin, triiodothyronine, supplemented with 5 ng/ml human epidermal growth factor and 70 ng/ml phosphoethanolamine (Lonza Walkersville Inc., Walkersville, Md.).
• BPE Bovine pituitary extract
• insulin insulin
• hydrocortisone retinoic acid
• transferrin triiodothyronine
• triiodothyronine supplemented with 5 ng/ml human epidermal growth factor and 70 ng/ml phosphoethanolamine (Lonza Walkersville Inc., Walkersville, Md.).
• Huh7 cells were plated on 96-well plates at 2.0 ⁇ 10 4 cells per well to permit grow in the presence of compounds of the disclosure. Compounds of the disclosure were prediluted and transferred to cell plates by automated liquid handling. Cells were incubated with compounds of the disclosure of 72 hours, after which culture growth and viability were assessed by addition of 50 ⁇ g/mL 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) incubation for 4 hours at 37° C. Solubilization buffer (0.01M HCl, 10% SDS) was added followed by incubation at 37° C. overnight. Absorbance was measured at 570 nm (reference 630 nm).
• MTT 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide
• the Selective Index is the ratio of the CC 50 in normal cells (THLE2 or PH5CH) over the CC 50 in the liver cancer derived cells; thus, the higher the number, the lower the potential toxicity at an efficacious dose.

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