US20140038821A1

US20140038821A1 - Isoxazolines for controlling invertebrate pests

Info

Publication number: US20140038821A1
Application number: US14/047,500
Authority: US
Inventors: George Philip Lahm; Wesley Lawrence Shoop; Ming Xu
Original assignee: EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Current assignee: EIDP Inc
Priority date: 2005-12-30
Filing date: 2013-10-07
Publication date: 2014-02-06
Also published as: TWI412322B; BRPI0621171B8; PL1973888T3; AR058896A1; RS51670B; ME00496B; CA2632694C; IL191512A; LU92512I2; ATE496900T1; KR20080094015A; WO2007079162A1; US20140249314A1; US20110263641A1; MA30070B1; LU92512I9; MY149421A; MD4157C1; ZA200804384B; RS20060699A

Abstract

Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all geometric and stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof,

wherein

- A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵and A⁶are independently selected from the group consisting of CR³and N; provided that at most 3 of A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵and A⁶is N;
- B¹, B²and B³are independently selected from the group consisting of CR²and N;
- each R³is independently H, halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆alkylamino, C₂-C₆dialkylamino, —CN or —NO₂; and R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵, W and n are as defined in the disclosure.

Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising contacting the invertebrate pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to certain isoxazolines, their N-oxides, salts and compositions suitable for agronomic and nonagronomic uses, including those uses listed below, and methods of their use for controlling invertebrate pests such as arthropods in both agronomic and nonagronomic environments.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The control of invertebrate pests is extremely important in achieving high crop efficiency. Damage by invertebrate pests to growing and stored agronomic crops can cause significant reduction in productivity and thereby result in increased costs to the consumer. The control of invertebrate pests in forestry, greenhouse crops, ornamentals, nursery crops, stored food and fiber products, livestock, household, turf, wood products, and public and animal health is also important. Many products are commercially available for these purposes, but the need continues for new compounds that are more effective, less costly, less toxic, environmentally safer or have different modes of action.
PCT Patent Publication WO 05/085216 discloses isoxazoline derivatives of Formula i as insecticides
wherein, inter alia, each of A¹, A²and A³are independently C or N; G is a benzene ring; W is O or S; and X is halogen or C₁-C₆haloalkyl.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is directed to compounds of Formula 1 including all geometric and stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, and compositions containing them and their use for controlling invertebrate pests:
wherein

- A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵and A⁶are independently selected from the group consisting of CR³and N, provided that at most 3 of A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵and A⁶are N;
- B¹, B²and B³are independently selected from the group consisting of CR²and N;
- W is O or S;
- R¹is C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁶;
- each R²is independently H, halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆alkylamino, C₂-C₆dialkylamino, C₂-C₄alkoxycarbonyl, —CN or —NO₂;
- each R³is independently H, halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆alkylamino, C₂-C₆dialkylamino, —CN or —NO₂;
- R⁴is H, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl, C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇alkylcarbonyl or C₂-C₇alkoxycarbonyl;
- R⁵is H, OR¹⁰, NR¹¹R¹²or Q¹; or C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁷; or
- R⁴and R⁵are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a ring containing 2 to 6 atoms of carbon and optionally one additional atom selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, said ring optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₂alkyl, halogen, —CN, —NO₂and C₁-C₂alkoxy;
- each R⁶is independently halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, —CN or —NO₂;
- each R⁷is independently halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆alkylamino, C₂-C₈dialkylamino, C₃-C₆cycloalkylamino, C₂-C₇alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₇alkylaminocarbonyl, C₃-C₉dialkylaminocarbonyl, C₂-C₇haloalkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇haloalkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₇haloalkylaminocarbonyl, C₃-C₉halodialkylaminocarbonyl, hydroxy, —NH₂, —CN or —NO₂; or Q²;
- each R⁸is independently halogen, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆alkylamino, C₂-C₆dialkylamino, C₂-C₄alkoxycarbonyl, —CN or —NO₂;
- each R⁹is independently halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆alkylamino, C₂-C₆dialkylamino, —CN, —NO₂, phenyl or pyridinyl;
- R¹⁰is H; or C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more halogen;
- R¹¹is H, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl, C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇alkylcarbonyl or C₂-C₇alkoxycarbonyl;
- R¹²is H; Q³; or C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁷; or
- R¹¹and R¹²are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a ring containing 2 to 6 atoms of carbon and optionally one additional atom selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, said ring optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₂alkyl, halogen, —CN, —NO₂and C₁-C₂alkoxy;
- Q¹is a phenyl ring, a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, or an 8-, 9- or 10-membered fused bicyclic ring system optionally containing one to three heteroatoms selected from up to 1 O, up to 1 S and up to 3 N, each ring or ring system optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁵;
- each Q²is independently a phenyl ring or a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, each ring optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁹;
- Q³is a phenyl ring or a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, each ring optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁹; and
- n is 0, 1 or 2.

This invention also provides a composition comprising a compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide or a salt thereof, and at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a solid diluent and a liquid diluent. In one embodiment, this invention also provides a composition for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising a biologically effective amount of a compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide or a salt thereof, and at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a solid diluent and a liquid diluent, said composition optionally further comprising a biologically effective amount of at least one additional biologically active compound or agent.
This invention further provides a spray composition for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising a biologically effective amount of a compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide or a salt thereof, or the composition described above and a propellant. This invention also provides a bait composition for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising a biologically effective amount of a compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide or a salt thereof, or the composition described in the embodiment above, one or more food materials, optionally an attractant, and optionally a humectant.
This invention further provides a trap device for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising said bait composition and a housing adapted to receive said bait composition, wherein the housing has at least one opening sized to permit the invertebrate pest to pass through the opening so the invertebrate pest can gain access to said bait composition from a location outside the housing, and wherein the housing is further adapted to be placed in or near a locus of potential or known activity for the invertebrate pest.
This invention also provides a method for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising contacting the invertebrate pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide or a salt thereof, (e.g., as a composition described herein). This invention also relates to such method wherein the invertebrate pest or its environment is contacted with a composition comprising a biologically effective amount of a compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide or a salt thereof, and at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a solid diluent and a liquid diluent, said composition optionally further comprising a biologically effective amount of at least one additional biologically active compound or agent.

DETAILS OF THE INVENTION

As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having,” “contains” or “containing,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, a mixture, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, mixture, process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).
Also, the indefinite articles “a” and “an” preceding an element or component of the invention are intended to be nonrestrictive regarding the number of instances (i.e. occurrences) of the element or component. Therefore “a” or “an” should be read to include one or at least one, and the singular word form of the element or component also includes the plural unless the number is obviously meant to be singular.
As referred to in this disclosure, the term “invertebrate pest” includes arthropods, gastropods and nematodes of economic importance as pests. The term “arthropod” includes insects, mites, spiders, scorpions, centipedes, millipedes, pill bugs and symphylans. The term “gastropod” includes snails, slugs and other Stylommatophora. The term “helminths” includes worms in the phylum of Nemathelminth, Platyhelminth and Acanthocephala such as: round worms, heartworms, and phytophagous nematodes (Nematoda), flukes (Trematoda), tape worms (Cestoda) and throny-headed worms.
In the context of this disclosure “invertebrate pest control” means inhibition of invertebrate pest development (including mortality, feeding reduction, and/or mating disruption), and related expressions are defined analogously.
The term “agronomic” refers to the production of field crops such as for food and fiber and includes the growth of corn, soybeans and other legumes, rice, cereal (e.g., wheat, oats, barley, rye, rice, maize), leafy vegetables (e.g., lettuce, cabbage, and other cole crops), fruiting vegetables (e.g., tomatoes, pepper, eggplant, crucifers and cucurbits), potatoes, sweet potatoes, grapes, cotton, tree fruits (e.g., pome, stone and citrus), small fruit (berries, cherries) and other specialty crops (e.g., canola, sunflower, olives). The term “nonagronomic” refers to other horticultural crops (e.g., greenhouse, nursery or ornamental plants not grown in a field), residential and commercial structures in urban and industrial settings, turf (e.g., sod farm, pasture, golf course, residential lawn, recreational sports field, etc.), wood products, stored product, agro-forestry and vegetation management, public health (human) and animal health (e.g., domesticated animals such as pets, livestock and poultry, undomesticated animals such as wildlife) applications.
In the above recitations, the term “alkyl”, used either alone or in compound words such as “alkylthio” or “haloalkyl” includes straight-chain or branched alkyl, such as, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, or the different butyl, pentyl or hexyl isomers. “Alkenyl” includes straight-chain or branched alkenes such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, and the different butenyl, pentenyl and hexenyl isomers. “Alkenyl” also includes polyenes such as 1,2-propadienyl and 2,4-hexadienyl. “Alkynyl” includes straight-chain or branched alkynes such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl and the different butynyl, pentynyl and hexynyl isomers. “Alkynyl” can also include moieties comprised of multiple triple bonds such as 2,5-hexadiynyl.
“Alkoxy” includes, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, isopropyloxy and the different butoxy, pentoxy and hexyloxy isomers. “Alkylthio” includes branched or straight-chain alkylthio moieties such as methylthio, ethylthio, and the different propylthio, butylthio, pentylthio and hexylthio isomers. “Alkylsulfinyl” includes both enantiomers of an alkylsulfinyl group. Examples of “alkylsulfinyl” include CH₃S(O)—, CH₃CH₂S(O)—, CH₃CH₂CH₂S(O)—, (CH₃)₂CHS(O)— and the different butylsulfinyl, pentylsulfinyl and hexylsulfinyl isomers. Examples of “alkylsulfonyl” include CH₃S(O)₂—, CH₃CH₂S(O)₂—, CH₃CH₂CH₂S(O)₂—, (CH₃)₂CHS(O)₂—, and the different butylsulfonyl, pentylsulfonyl and hexylsulfonyl isomers. “Alkylamino”, “dialkylamino”, and the like, are defined analogously to the above examples. “Cycloalkyl” includes, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. The term “alkylcycloalkyl” denotes alkyl substitution on a cycloalkyl moiety and includes, for example, ethylcyclopropyl, i-propylcyclobutyl, 3-methylcyclopentyl and 4-methylcyclohexyl. The term “cycloalkylalkyl” denotes cycloalkyl substitution on an alkyl moiety. Examples of “cycloalkylalkyl” include cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl, and other cycloalkyl moieties bonded to straight-chain or branched alkyl groups.
The term “halogen”, either alone or in compound words such as “haloalkyl”, or when used in descriptions such as “alkyl substituted with halogen” includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Further, when used in compound words such as “haloalkyl”, or when used in descriptions such as “alkyl substituted with halogen” said alkyl may be partially or fully substituted with halogen atoms which may be the same or different. Examples of “haloalkyl” or “alkyl substituted with halogen” include F₃C—, ClCH₂—, CF₃CH₂— and CF₃CCl₂—. The terms “halocycloalkyl”, “haloalkoxy”, “haloalkylthio”, and the like, are defined analogously to the term “haloalkyl”. Examples of “haloalkoxy” include CF₃O—, CCl₃CH₂O—, HCF₂CH₂CH₂O— and CF₃CH₂O—. Examples of “haloalkylthio” include CCl₃S—, CF₃S—, CCl₃CH₂S— and ClCH₂CH₂CH₂S—. Examples of “haloalkylsulfinyl” include CF₃S(O)—, CCl₃S(O)—, CF₃CH₂S(O)— and CF₃CF₂S(O)—. Examples of “haloalkylsulfonyl” include CF₃S(O)₂—, CCl₃S(O)₂—, CF₃CH₂S(O)₂— and CF₃CF₂S(O)₂—.
“Alkylcarbonyl” denotes a straight-chain or branched alkyl moieties bonded to a C(═O) moiety. Examples of “alkylcarbonyl” include CH₃C(═O)—, CH₃CH₂CH₂C(═O)— and (CH₃)₂CHC(═O)—. Examples of “alkoxycarbonyl” include CH₃C(═O)—, CH₃CH₂OC(═O), CH₃CH₂CH₂C(═O)—, (CH₃)₂CHOC(═O)— and the different butoxy- or pentoxycarbonyl isomers.
The total number of carbon atoms in a substituent group is indicated by the “C_i-C_j” prefix where i and j are numbers from 1 to 8. For example, C₁-C₄alkylsulfonyl designates methylsulfonyl through butylsulfonyl; C₂alkoxyalkyl designates CH₃OCH₂; C₃alkoxyalkyl designates, for example, CH₃CH(OCH₃), CH₃OCH₂CH₂or CH₃CH₂OCH₂; and C₄alkoxyalkyl designates the various isomers of an alkyl group substituted with an alkoxy group containing a total of four carbon atoms, examples including CH₃CH₂CH₂OCH₂and CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₂.
When a compound is substituted with a substituent bearing a subscript that indicates the number of said substituents can exceed 1, said substituents (when they exceed 1) are independently selected from the group of defined substituents, e.g., (R²)_n, n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5. When a group contains a substituent which can be hydrogen, for example R², then when this substituent is taken as hydrogen, it is recognized that this is equivalent to said group being unsubstituted.
The term “heterocyclic ring”, “heterocycle” or “heterocyclic ring system” denotes rings or ring systems in which at least one ring atom is not carbon, e.g., nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. Typically a heterocyclic ring contains no more than 4 nitrogens, no more than 2 oxygens and no more than 2 sulfurs. The heterocyclic ring can be attached through any available carbon or nitrogen by replacement of hydrogen on said carbon or nitrogen. The heterocyclic ring can be a saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsatuturated ring. When a fully unsaturated heterocyclic ring satifies the Hückel rule, then said ring is also called a “heteroaromatic ring” or “aromatic heterocyclic ring”.
The term “aromatic ring” or “aromatic ring system” denotes fully unsaturated carbocycles and heterocycles in which at least one ring of the polycyclic ring system is aromatic (where aromatic indicates that the Hückel rule is satisfied for the ring system). The term “fused bicyclic ring system” includes a ring system comprised of two fused rings in which either ring can be saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsatuturated. The term “fused heterobicyclic ring system” includes a ring system comprised of two fused rings in which at least one ring atom is not carbon and can be aromatic or non aromatic, as defined above.
The term “optionally substituted” in connection with the heterocyclic rings refers to groups which are unsubstituted or have at least one non-hydrogen substituent that does not extinguish the biological activity possessed by the unsubstituted analog. As used herein, the following definitions shall apply unless otherwise indicated. The term “optionally substituted” is used interchangeably with the phrase “substituted or unsubstituted” or with the term “(un)substituted.” Unless otherwise indicated, an optionally substituted group may have a substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and each substitution is independent of the other.
When Q¹is a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, it may be attached to the remainder of Formula 1 though any available carbon or nitrogen ring atom, unless otherwise described. Similarly, when Q²or Q³is a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle, it may be attached through any available carbon or nitrogen ring atom, unless otherwise described.
As noted above, Q¹, Q²or Q³can be (among others) phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from a group of substituents as defined in the Summary of Invention. An example of phenyl optionally substituted with one to five substituents is the ring illustrated as U-1 in Exhibit 1, wherein R^vis R⁸or R⁹as defined in the Summary of the Invention for Q¹, Q²or Q³and r is an integer from 0 to 5.
As noted above, Q¹, Q²or Q³can be (among others) 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, which may be saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from a group of substituents as defined in the Summary of Invention. Examples of a 5- or 6-membered unsaturated aromatic heterocyclic ring optionally substituted with from one or more substituents include the rings U-2 through U-61 illustrated in Exhibit 1 wherein R^vis any substituent as defined in the Summary of the Invention for Q¹, Q²or Q³(i.e. R⁸or R⁹) and r is an integer from 0 to 4.
Note that when Q¹, Q²or Q³is a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic heterocyclic ring optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group of substituents as defined in the Summary of Invention for Q¹, Q²or Q³, one or two carbon ring members of the heterocycle can optionally be in the oxidized form of a carbonyl moiety.
Examples of a 5- or 6-membered saturated or non-aromatic unsaturated heterocyclic ring include the rings G-1 through G-35 as illustrated in Exhibit 2. Note that when the attachment point on the G group is illustrated as floating, the G group can be attached to the remainder of Formula 1 through any available carbon or nitrogen of the G group by replacement of a hydrogen atom. The optional substituents can be attached to any available carbon or nitrogen by replacing a hydrogen atom.
Note that when Q¹, Q²or Q³comprises a ring selected from G-28 through G-35, G²is selected from O, S or N. Note that when G²is N, the nitrogen atom can complete its valence by substitution with either H or the substituents as defined in the Summary of Invention for Q¹, Q²or Q³(i.e. R⁸or R⁹).
As noted above, Q¹can be (among others) an 8-, 9- or 10-membered fused bicyclic ring system optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from a group of substituents as defined in the Summary of Invention (i.e. R⁸). Examples of 8-, 9- or 10-membered fused bicyclic ring system optionally substituted with from one or more substituents include the rings U-81 through U-123 illustrated in Exhibit 3 wherein R^vis any substituent as defined in the Summary of the Invention for Q¹(i.e. R⁸) and r is an integer from 0 to 4.
Although R^vgroups are shown in the structures U-1 through U-123, it is noted that they do not need to be present since they are optional substituents. Note that when R^vis H when attached to an atom, this is the same as if said atom is unsubstituted. The nitrogen atoms that require substitution to fill their valence are substituted with H or R^v. Note that when the attachment point between (R^v)_rand the U group is illustrated as floating, (R^v)_rcan be attached to any available carbon atom or nitrogen atom of the U group. Note that when the attachment point on the U group is illustrated as floating, the U group can be attached to the remainder of Formula 1 through any available carbon or nitrogen of the U group by replacement of a hydrogen atom. Note that some U groups can only be substituted with less than 4 R^Vgroups (e.g., U-2 through U-5, U-7 through U-48, and U-52 through U-61).
Compounds of this invention can exist as one or more stereoisomers. The various stereoisomers include enantiomers, diastereomers, atropisomers and geometric isomers. One skilled in the art will appreciate that one stereoisomer may be more active and/or may exhibit beneficial effects when enriched relative to the other stereoisomer(s) or when separated from the other stereoisomer(s). Additionally, the skilled artisan knows how to separate, enrich, and/or to selectively prepare said stereoisomers. The compounds of the invention may be present as a mixture of stereoisomers, individual stereoisomers or as an optically active form.
One skilled in the art will appreciate that not all nitrogen containing heterocyclic rings can form N-oxides since the nitrogen requires an available lone pair for oxidation to the oxide; one skilled in the art will recognize those nitrogen containing heterocyclic rings which can form N-oxides. One skilled in the art will also recognize that tertiary amines can form N-oxides. Synthetic methods for the preparation of N-oxides of heterocycles and tertiary amines are very well known by one skilled in the art including the oxidation of heterocycles and tertiary amines with peroxy acids such as peracetic and m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA), hydrogen peroxide, alkyl hydroperoxides such as t-butyl hydroperoxide, sodium perborate, and dioxiranes such as dimethyldioxirane. These methods for the preparation of N-oxides have been extensively described and reviewed in the literature, see for example: T. L. Gilchrist in Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 7, pp 748-750, S. V. Ley, Ed., Pergamon Press; M. Tisler and B. Stanovnik in Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 3, pp 18-20, A. J. Boulton and A. McKillop, Eds., Pergamon Press; M. R. Grimmett and B. R. T. Keene in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 43, pp 149-161, A. R. Katritzky, Ed., Academic Press; M. Tisler and B. Stanovnik in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 9, pp 285-291, A. R. Katritzky and A. J. Boulton, Eds., Academic Press; and G. W. H. Cheeseman and E. S. G. Werstiuk in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 22, pp 390-392, A. R. Katritzky and A. J. Boulton, Eds., Academic Press.
The salts of the compounds of the invention include acid-addition salts with inorganic or organic acids such as hydrobromic, hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric, sulfuric, acetic, butyric, fumaric, lactic, maleic, malonic, oxalic, propionic, salicylic, tartaric, 4-toluenesulfonic or valeric acids. The salts of the compounds of the invention also include those formed with organic bases (e.g., pyridine or triethylamine) or inorganic bases (e.g., hydrides, hydroxides, or carbonates of sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium or barium) when the compound contains an acidic moiety such as when R⁴is alkylcarbonyl and R⁵is H.
Accordingly, the present invention comprises compounds selected from Formula 1, N-oxides and agriculturally suitable salts thereof.
Embodiments of the present invention as described in the Summary of the Invention include:
Embodiment 1. A compound of Formula 1 wherein R¹is C₁-C₃alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁶.
Embodiment 2. A compound of Embodiment 1 wherein R¹is C₁-C₃alkyl optionally substituted with halogen.
Embodiment 3. A compound of Embodiment 2 wherein R¹is C₁-C₃alkyl substituted with halogen.
Embodiment 4. A compound of Embodiment 3 wherein R¹is C₁-C₃alkyl substituted with F.
Embodiment 5. A compound of Embodiment 4 wherein R¹is C₁-C₃alkyl fully substituted with F.
Embodiment 6. A compound of Embodiment 5 wherein R¹is CF₃.
Embodiment 7. A compound of Formula 1 wherein each R²is independently H, halogen, C₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy or —CN.
Embodiment 8. A compound of Embodiment 7 wherein each R²is independently H, CF₃, OCF₃, halogen or —CN.
Embodiment 9. A compound of Embodiment 7 wherein each R²is independently halogen or C₁-C₃haloalkyl.
Embodiment 10. A compound of Formula 1 wherein each R³is independently H, halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, —CN or —NO₂.
Embodiment 11. A compound of Embodiment 10 wherein each R³is independently H, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄haloalkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy or —CN.
Embodiment 12. A compound of Embodiment 11 wherein each R³is independently H, C₁-C₄alkyl or —CN.
Embodiment 13. A compound of Embodiment 12 wherein each R³is H.
Embodiment 14. A compound of Formula 1 wherein R⁴is H, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₇alkylcarbonyl or C₂-C₇alkoxycarbonyl.
Embodiment 15. A compound of Embodiment 14 wherein R⁴is H.
Embodiment 16. A compound of Formula 1 wherein R⁵is H, OR¹⁰, NR¹¹R¹²or Q¹; or C₁-C₄alkyl, C₂-C₄alkenyl, C₂-C₄alkynyl, C₃-C₄cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁷.
Embodiment 17. A compound of Embodiment 16 wherein R⁵is H; or C₁-C₄alkyl, C₂-C₄alkenyl, C₂-C₄alkynyl, C₃-C₄cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁷.
Embodiment 18. A compound of Embodiment 17 wherein R⁵is H; or C₁-C₄alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁷.
Embodiment 19. A compound of Embodiment 18 wherein R⁵is C₁-C₄alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁷.
Embodiment 20. A compound of Embodiment 19 wherein R⁵is CH₂CF₃.
Embodiment 21. A compound of Embodiment 19 wherein R⁵is CH₂-2-pyridinyl.
Embodiment 22. A compound of Embodiment 16 wherein R⁵is OR¹⁰, NR¹¹R¹²or Q¹.
Embodiment 23. A compound of Embodiment 22 wherein R⁵is NR¹¹R¹²
Embodiment 24. A compound of Embodiment 22 wherein R⁵is Q¹.
Embodiment 25. A compound of Formula 1 wherein R⁶is halogen.
Embodiment 26. A compound of Formula 1 wherein each R⁷is independently halogen, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, C₁-C₄alkylthio, C₁-C₄alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄alkylsulfonyl, C₂-C₄alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₄alkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₅alkylaminocarbonyl, C₂-C₅haloalkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₅haloalkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₅haloalkylaminocarbonyl, —NH₂, —CN or —NO₂; or Q².
Embodiment 27. A compound of Embodiment 26 wherein each R⁷is independently halogen, C₂-C₄alkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₅alkylaminocarbonyl, C₂-C₅haloalkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₅haloalkylaminocarbonyl, —NH₂, —CN or —NO₂; or Q².
Embodiment 28. A compound of Embodiment 27 wherein each R⁷is independently halogen, C₂-C₅alkylaminocarbonyl, C₂-C₅haloalkylaminocarbonyl or Q². Embodiment 29. A compound of Embodiment 28 wherein each R⁷is independently halogen or Q².
Embodiment 30. A compound of Embodiment 29 wherein each R⁷is independently F, Cl or Br.
Embodiment 31. A compound of Embodiment 30 wherein each R⁷is F.
Embodiment 32. A compound of Embodiment 29 wherein each R⁷is Q².
Embodiment 33. A compound of Formula 1 wherein each R⁸is independently halogen, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄haloalkyl or —CN.
Embodiment 34. A compound of Formula 1 wherein each R⁹is halogen, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄haloalkyl, —CN, phenyl or pyridinyl.
Embodiment 35. A compound of Formula 1 wherein R¹⁰is H; or C₁-C₆alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen.
Embodiment 36. A compound of Formula 1 wherein R¹¹is H, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₇alkylcarbonyl or C₂-C₇alkoxycarbonyl.
Embodiment 37. A compound of Embodiment 34 wherein R¹¹is H.
Embodiment 38. A compound of Formula 1 wherein R¹²is H or Q³; or C₁-C₄alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁷.
Embodiment 39. A compound of Formula 1 wherein Q¹is phenyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl,

- each optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁸.

Embodiment 40. A compound of Formula 1 wherein each Q²is independently phenyl, pyridinyl or thiazolyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁹.
Embodiment 41. A compound of Embodiment 34 wherein each Q²is independently phenyl, pyridinyl or thiazolyl.
Embodiment 42. A compound of Formula 1 wherein Q³is phenyl, pyridinyl or thiazolyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁹.
Embodiment 43. A compound of Formula 1 wherein A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵and A⁶are each CR³.
Embodiment 44. A compound of Formula 1 wherein A¹is N; and A², A³, A⁴, A⁵and A⁶are each CR³.
Embodiment 45. A compound of Formula 1 wherein A²is N; and A¹, A³, A⁴, A⁵and A⁶are each CR³.
Embodiment 46. A compound of Formula 1 wherein A⁴is N; and A¹, A², A³, A⁵and A⁶are each CR³.
Embodiment 47. A compound of Formula 1 wherein A⁶is N; and A¹, A², A³, A⁴and A⁵are each CR³.
Embodiment 48. A compound of Formula 1 wherein B¹, B²and B³are independently CR².
Embodiment 49. A compound of Embodiment 48 wherein B²is CH.
Embodiment 50. A compound of Formula 1 wherein B¹is N; and B²and B³are independently CR².
Embodiment 51. A compound of Formula 1 wherein B²is N; and B¹and B³are independently CR².
Embodiment 52. A compound of Formula 1 wherein B²is CR²; and B¹and B³are N.
Embodiment 53. A compound of Formula 1 wherein W is O.
Embodiment 54. A compound of Formula 1 wherein n is 0.
Embodiments of this invention, including Embodiments 1-54 above as well as any other embodiments described herein, can be combined in any manner, and the descriptions of variables in the embodiments pertain not only to the compounds of Formula 1 but also to the starting compounds and intermediate compounds. In addition, embodiments of this invention, including Embodiments 1-54 above as well as any other embodiments described herein, and any combination thereof, pertain to the compositions and methods of the present invention.
Combinations of Embodiments 1-54 are illustrated by:
Embodiment A. A compound of Formula 1 wherein

- R¹is C₁-C₃alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁶;
- each R²is independently H, halogen, C₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy or —CN; and
- each R³is independently H, halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, —CN or —NO₂.

Embodiment B. A compound of Embodiment A wherein

- B¹, B²and B³are independently CR²;
- W is O;
- R⁴is H, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₇alkylcarbonyl or C₂-C₇alkoxycarbonyl; and
- R⁵is H, NR¹¹R¹²or Q¹; or C₁-C₄alkyl, C₂-C₄alkenyl, C₂-C₄alkynyl, C₃-C₄cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁷.

Embodiment C. A compound of Embodiment B wherein

- R¹is C₁-C₃alkyl optionally substituted with halogen;
- each R²is independently H, CF₃, OCF₃, halogen or —CN;
- each R³is independently H, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄haloalkyl, C₃-C₆cyclopropyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy or —CN; and
- each R⁷is independently halogen, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, C₁-C₄alkylthio, C₁-C₄alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄alkylsulfonyl, C₂-C₄alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₄alkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₅alkylaminocarbonyl, C₂-C₅haloalkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₅haloalkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₅haloalkylaminocarbonyl, —NH₂, —CN or —NO₂; or Q².

Embodiment D. A compound of Embodiment C wherein

- R⁴is H;
- R⁵is C₁-C₄alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁷;
- each R⁷is independently halogen or Q²; and
- each Q²is independently phenyl, pyridinyl or thiazolyl.

Embodiment E. A compound of Embodiment D wherein

- R¹is CF₃;
- A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵and A⁶are each CR³;
- B²is CR²; and
- each R³is independently H, C₁-C₄alkyl or —CN.

Embodiment F. A compound of Embodiment E wherein

- B²is CH;
- each R²is independently halogen or C₁-C₃haloalkyl;
- R³is H;
- R⁵is CH₂CF₃or CH₂-2-pyridinyl; and
- n is 0.

Specific embodiments include compounds of Formula 1 selected from the group consisting of:

4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1-naphthalenecarboxamide,
4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1-naphthalenecarboxamide,
4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1-naphthalenecarbothioamide,
4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-ethyl-1-naphthalenecarboxamide,
4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-naphthalenecarboxamide,
4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1-naphthalenecarboxamide,
5-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-8-quinolinecarboxamide,
5-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-8-isoquinolinecarboxamide, and
1-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-4-isoquinolinecarboxamide.

Of note are specific embodiments include compounds of Formula 1 selected from the group consisting of:

4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1-naphthalenecarboxamide,
4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1-naphthalenecarboxamide,
4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1-naphthalenecarbothioamide,
5-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-8-quinolinecarboxamide,
5-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-8-isoquinolinecarboxamide, and
1-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-4-isoquinolinecarboxamide.

Further specific embodiments include any combination of the compounds of Formula 1 selected from the group immediately above.
Embodiments of the present invention further include:
Embodiment AA. A compound of Formula 1q, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof,
wherein

- A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵and A⁶are independently selected from the group consisting of CR³and N, provided that at most 3 of A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵and A⁶are N;
- W is O or S;
- R¹is C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁶;
- each R²is independently H, halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆alkylamino, C₂-C₆dialkylamino, C₂-C₄alkoxycarbonyl, —CN or —NO₂;
- each R³is independently H, halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆alkylamino, C₂-C₆dialkylamino, —CN or —NO₂;
- R⁴is H, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl, C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇alkylcarbonyl or C₂-C₇alkoxycarbonyl;
- R⁵is H, OR¹⁰, NR¹¹R¹²or Q¹; or C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁷; or
- R⁴and R⁵are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a ring containing 2 to 6 atoms of carbon and optionally one additional atom selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, said ring optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₂alkyl, halogen, —CN, —NO₂and C₁-C₂alkoxy;
- each R⁶is independently halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, —CN or —NO₂;
- each R⁷is independently halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆alkylamino, C₂-C₈dialkylamino, C₃-C₆cycloalkylamino, C₂-C₇alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₇alkylaminocarbonyl, C₃-C₉dialkylaminocarbonyl, C₂-C₇haloalkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇haloalkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₇haloalkylaminocarbonyl, C₃-C₉halodialkylaminocarbonyl, hydroxy, —NH₂, —CN or —NO₂; or Q²;
- each R⁸is independently halogen, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆alkylamino, C₂-C₆dialkylamino, C₂-C₄alkoxycarbonyl, —CN or —NO₂;
- each R⁹is independently halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆alkylamino, C₂-C₆dialkylamino, —CN, —NO₂, phenyl or pyridinyl;
- R¹⁰is H; or C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more halogen;
- R¹¹is H, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl, C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇alkylcarbonyl or C₂-C₇alkoxycarbonyl;
- R¹²is H; Q³; or C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁷; or
- R¹¹and R¹²are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a ring containing 2 to 6 atoms of carbon and optionally one additional atom selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, said ring optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₂alkyl, halogen, —CN, —NO₂and C₁-C₂alkoxy;
- Q¹is a phenyl ring, a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, or an 8-, 9- or 10-membered fused bicyclic ring system optionally containing one to three heteroatoms selected from up to 1 O, up to 1 S and up to 3 N, each ring or ring system optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁵;
- each Q²is independently a phenyl ring or a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, each ring optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁹;
- Q³is a phenyl ring or a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, each ring optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁹; and
- n″ is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

Of note is that compounds of this invention are characterized by favorable metabolic and/or soil residual patterns and exhibit activity controlling a spectrum of agronomic and nonagronomic invertebrate pests.
Of particular note, for reasons of invertebrate pest control spectrum and economic importance, protection of agronomic crops from damage or injury caused by invertebrate pests by controlling invertebrate pests are embodiments of the invention. Compounds of this invention because of their favorable translocation properties or systemicity in plants also protect foliar or other plant parts which are not directly contacted with a compound of Formula 1 or a composition comprising the compound.
Also noteworthy as embodiments of the present invention are compositions comprising a compound of any of the preceding Embodiments, as well as any other embodiments described herein, and any combinations thereof, and at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a solid diluent and a liquid diluent, said compositions optionally further comprising at least one additional biologically active compound or agent.
Further noteworthy as embodiments of the present invention are compositions for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising a biologically effective amount of a compound of any of the preceding Embodiments, as well as any other embodiments described herein, and any combinations thereof, and at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a solid diluent and a liquid diluent, said compositions optionally further comprising a biologically effective amount of at least one additional biologically active compound or agent. Embodiments of the invention further include methods for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising contacting the invertebrate pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a compound of any of the preceding Embodiments (e.g., as a composition described herein).
Embodiments of the invention also include a composition comprising a compound of any of the preceding Embodiments, in the form of a soil drench liquid formulation. Embodiments of the invention further include methods for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising contacting the soil with a liquid composition as a soil drench comprising a biologically effective amount of a compound of any of the preceding Embodiments.
Embodiments of the invention also include a spray composition for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising a biologically effective amount of a compound of any of the preceding Embodiments and a propellant. Embodiments of the invention further include a bait composition for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising a biologically effective amount of a compound of any of the preceding Embodiments, one or more food materials, optionally an attractant, and optionally a humectant. Embodiments of the invention also include a device for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising said bait composition and a housing adapted to receive said bait composition, wherein the housing has at least one opening sized to permit the invertebrate pest to pass through the opening so the invertebrate pest can gain access to said bait composition from a location outside the housing, and wherein the housing is further adapted to be placed in or near a locus of potential or known activity for the invertebrate pest.
One or more of the following methods and variations as described in Schemes 1-12 can be used to prepare the compounds of Formula 1. The definitions of R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵, A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵, A⁶, B¹, B², B³, n and W in the compounds of Formulae 1-15 below are as defined above in the Summary of the Invention unless indicated otherwise. Compounds of Formulae 1a and 1b are subsets of the compounds of Formula 1, compounds of Formulae 12a-12c are subsets of the compounds of Formula 12, and the compound of Formula 15a is a compound of Formula 15.
Compounds of Formula 1a (Formula 1 wherein W is O) can be prepared by aminocarbonylation of aryl bromides or iodides of Formula 2 wherein X is Br or I, with appropriately substituted amino compounds of Formula 3 as shown in Scheme 1.
This reaction is typically carried out with an aryl bromide of Formula 2 wherein X is Br in the presence of a palladium catalyst under CO atmosphere. The palladium catalysts used for the present method typically comprises palladium in a formal oxidation state of either 0 (i.e. Pd(0)) or 2 (i.e. Pd(II)). A wide variety of such palladium-containing compounds and complexes are useful as catalysts for the present method. Examples of palladium-containing compounds and complexes useful as catalysts in the method of Scheme 1 include PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂(bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (II) dichloride), Pd(PPh₃)₄(tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)), Pd(C₅H₇O₂)₂(palladium(II) acetyl-acetonate), Pd₂(dba)₃(tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0)), and [1,1′-bis(diphenyl-phosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II). The method of Scheme 1 is generally conducted in a liquid phase, and therefore to be most effective the palladium catalyst preferably has good solubility in the liquid phase. Useful solvents include, for example, ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, amides such as N,N-dimethylacetamide, and non-halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene.
The method of Scheme 1 can be conducted over a wide range of temperatures, ranging from about 25 to about 150° C. Of note are temperatures from about 60 and about 110° C., which typically provide fast reaction rates and high product yields. The general methods and procedures for aminocarbonylation with an aryl bromide and an amine are well known in the literature; see, for example, H. Horino et al., Synthesis 1989, 715; and J. J. Li, G. W. Gribble, editors, Palladium in Heterocyclic Chemistry: A Guide for the Synthetic Chemist, 2000. The method of Scheme 1 is illustrated in Step C of Example 2 and Step E of Example 4.
As shown in Scheme 2, compounds of Formula 1b (Formula 1 wherein W is S) can be prepared by treatment of corresponding amide compounds of Formula 1a with a thio transfer reagent, such as P₂S₅(see for example, E. Klingsberg et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 72, 4988; E. C. Taylor Jr. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 1904; R. Crossley et al., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 1976, 977) or Lawesson's reagent (2,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane-2,4-disulfide; see, for example, S. Prabhakar et al. Synthesis, 1984, 829).
The method of Scheme 2 can be conducted over a wide range of temperatures, including from about 50 to about 150° C. Of note are temperatures from about 70 and about 120° C., which typically provide fast reaction rates and high product yields. The method of Scheme 2 is illustrated in Example 3.
Compounds of Formula 1a can also be prepared by coupling carboxylic acids of Formula 4 with appropriately substituted amino compounds of Formula 3 as shown in Scheme 3.
This reaction is generally carried out in the presence of a dehydrating coupling reagent such as dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide, 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride or carbonyl diimidazole in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, pyridine, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine or N,N-diisopropylethylamine in an anhydrous aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran at a temperature typically between room temperature and 70° C. The method of Scheme 3 is illustrated in Step E of Example 1.
Compounds of Formula 4 can be prepared by hydrolysis of the ester of Formula 5, wherein R is methyl or ethyl, as shown in Scheme 4.
In this method, the ester compound of Formula 5 is converted to the corresponding carboxylic acid of Formula 4 by general procedures well known in the art. For example, treatment of a methyl or ethyl ester of Formula 5 with aqueous lithium hydroxide in tetrahydrofuran, followed by acidification yields the corresponding carboxylic acid of Formula 4. The method of Scheme 4 is illustrated in Step D of Example 1.
Compounds of Formula 5 can be prepared by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of styrenes of Formula 7 with nitrile oxides derived from oximes of Formula 6 as shown in Scheme 5.
This reaction typically proceeds through the intermediacy of an in situ generated hydroxamyl chloride, which is dehydrochlorinated to the nitrile oxide, which then undergoes 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with the styrene 7 to afford compounds of Formula 5. In a typical procedure, a chlorinating reagent such as sodium hypochlorite, N-chlorosuccinimide, or chloramine-T is combined with the oxime in the presence of the styrene. Depending on the conditions, amine bases such as pyridine or triethylamine may be necessary to facilitate the dehydrochlorination reaction. The reaction can be run in a wide variety of solvents including tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, methylene chloride, dioxane, and toluene with temperatures ranging from room temperature to the reflux temperature of the solvent. General procedures for cycloaddition of nitrile oxides with olefins are well documented in the chemical literature; for example, see Lee, Synthesis, 1982, 6, 508-509; Kanemasa et al., Tetrahedron, 2000, 56, 1057-1064; EP 1,538,138-A1, as well as references cited within. The method of Scheme 4 is illustrated in Step C of Example 1.
Compounds of Formula 2 can also be prepared by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of styrenes of Formula 7 with nitrile oxides derived from oximes of Formula 8 as shown in Scheme 6.
In the method of Scheme 6, the compounds of Formula 2 wherein X is a halogen atom are generated by contacting the compound of Formula 8 with a chlorinating reagent followed by adding a compound of Formula 7. The method of Scheme 6 is conducted analogously to the method of Scheme 5 already described. The method of Scheme 6 is illustrated in Step B of Example 2, Step D of Example 4 and Step C of Example 5.
An especially useful group of styrenes for the synthesis of compounds of Formula 1 are represented by Formula 7a as shown in Scheme 7. These intermediates can be prepared by the palladium-catalyzed coupling of an aryl boronic acids of Formula 9 with the commercially available 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (Formula 10). General procedures for this reaction are documented in the chemical literature; see Pan et al., J. Fluorine Chemistry, 1999, 95, 167-170. The method of Scheme 7 is illustrated in Step B of Example 1.
The oximes of Formula 6 can be prepared by the reaction of aldehydes 11 with hydroxylamine as shown in Scheme 8. For example, see, H. K. Jung et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2004, 12, 3965.
The aldehydes of Formula 11 can be prepared by a wide variety of methods known in the art; some of the aldehydes are known compounds or commercially available. For example, preparation of the compound of Formula 11 wherein A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵and A⁶are CH and R⁹is Me, is disclosed by P. Madenson et al. J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 5755. The method of Scheme 8 is illustrated in Step A of Example 1.
As shown in Scheme 9, the oximes of Formula 8, wherein X is a halogen atom, can be prepared from the corresponding aldehydes of Formula 12 analogous to the method of Scheme 8. The method of Scheme 9 is illustrated in Step A of Example 2, Step C of Example 4 and Step B of Example.
Compounds of Formula 12 are commercially available or known compounds, or they can be prepared by a wide variety of methods known in the art. For example, a compound of Formula 12 can be prepared by direct fomylation of the corresponding aryl halides, see G. E. Boswell et al. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 65, 6592; or by reduction of the corresponding aryl esters, see references P. R. Bernstein et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2001, 2769 and L. W. Deady et al. Aust. J. Chem. 1989, 42, 1029.
For a specific example, as shown in Scheme 10, aldehydes of Formula 12 can be prepared from the corresponding methyl-substituted compounds of Formula 13 (wherein X is halogen) by reacting with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) and sodium acetate to give acetates of Formula 14, which are then converted to the aldehydes of Formula 12 by esterification and oxidation. The method of Scheme 10 is illustrated in Example 4, Steps A and B.
The compounds of Formula 13 are commercially available or known compounds, or they can be prepared by a wide variety of methods known in the art. For example, a compound of Formula 13, wherein A³is N, A¹, A², A⁴, A⁵and A⁶are CH, can be prepared as disclosed in Molecules, 2004, 9, 178.
An alternative method for preparing aldehydes of Formula 12 (wherein X is a halogen atom) is shown in Scheme 11. The formyl group of Formula 12 can be introduced to the 10-membered aromatic ring system by displacing the bromo substituent of a compound of Formula 15. For references of this general method, see Synthesis, 2006, 293 and Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2004, 12, 715. The method of Scheme 11 is illustrated in Step A of Example 5.
As shown in Scheme 12, aldehydes of Formulae 12b and 12c can be prepared from 5,8-dibromoisoquinoline (Formula 15a) by treating the compound of Formula 15a with n-BuLi at −78° C. and quenching with N,N-dimethylformamide.
The compound of Formula 15a can be prepared by the method disclosed in Synthesis, 2002, 83; see, for example, or by the method of G. E. Boswell et al. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 65, 6592. Alternatively, aryl aldehydes of Formula 12 can be prepared by a wide variety of other methods known in the art, e.g., by reduction of the corresponding aryl esters, see references P. R. Bernstein et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2001, 2769 and L. W. Deady et al. Aust. J. Chem. 1989, 42, 1029.
It is recognized that some reagents and reaction conditions described above for preparing compounds of Formula 1 may not be compatible with certain functionalities present in the intermediates. In these instances, the incorporation of protection/deprotection sequences or functional group interconversions into the synthesis will aid in obtaining the desired products. The use and choice of the protecting groups will be apparent to one skilled in chemical synthesis (see, for example, Greene, T. W.; Wuts, P. G. M. Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd ed.; Wiley: New York, 1991). One skilled in the art will recognize that, in some cases, after the introduction of a given reagent as it is depicted in any individual scheme, it may be necessary to perform additional routine synthetic steps not described in detail to complete the synthesis of compounds of Formula 1. One skilled in the art will also recognize that it may be necessary to perform a combination of the steps illustrated in the above schemes in an order other than that implied by the particular sequence presented to prepare the compounds of Formula 1.
One skilled in the art will also recognize that compounds of Formula 1 and the intermediates described herein can be subjected to various electrophilic, nucleophilic, radical, organometallic, oxidation, and reduction reactions to add substituents or modify existing substituents
Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art using the preceding description can utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The following Examples are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting of the disclosure in any way whatsoever. ¹H NMR spectra are reported in ppm downfield from tetramethylsilane; “s” means singlet, “d” means doublet, “t” means triplet, “m” means multiplet, “dd” means doublet of doublets, and “br s” means broad singlet.

Example 1

Preparation of 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1-naphthalenecarboxamide

Step A: Preparation of methyl 4-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-1-naphthalenecarboxylate

To a stirred solution of methyl 4-formyl-1-naphthalenecarboxylate (2.2 g, 10.3 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was added a solution of hydroxylamine (1.33 mL, 50% in water). After stirring at room temperature for 2 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the title compound as a pale yellow solid (2.55 g).
¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.93 (d, 1H), 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.41 (d, 1H), 8.14 (d, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 7.63 (m, 2H), 4.02 (s, 3H).

Step B: Preparation of 1,3-dichloro-5-[1-(trimethylfluoromethyl)ethenyl]benzene

To a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (33 mL), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (33 mL), and 4 N aqueous potassium hydroxide (33 mL) in a 200 mL Fisher-Porter sealed tube was added 3,5-dichlorophenylboronic acid (8.72 g, 45.7 mmol) and 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (10.0 g, 57.2 mmol), followed by the addition of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) (264 mg, 0.229 mmol). Then the mixture was heated to 75° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between diethyl ether and water. The aqueous extract was washed with diethyl ether (2×20 mL). The organic extracts were combined, dried (MgSO₄), and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography using hexanes/ethyl acetate as eluent to afford the title compound as a clear oil (4.421 g).
¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.41 (s, 2H), 7.33 (s, 1H), 6.04 (d, 1H), 5.82 (d, 1H).

Step C: Preparation of methyl 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-1-naphthalenecarboxylate

To a stirred solution of methyl 4-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-1-naphthalenecarboxylate (i.e. the product from Step A) (1.0 g, 4.36 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (5.0 mL) was added N-chlorosuccinimide (1.16 g, 8.72 mmol). This mixture was stirred for 1.5 h at room temperature, and then a solution of 1,3-dichloro-5-[1-(trifluoromethyl)ethenyl]benzene (i.e. the product from Step B) (3.20 g, 13.1 mmol) and triethylamine (6.1 mL, 43.6 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (4.0 mL) was added. After stirring for additional 2 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography using hexanes/ethyl acetate as eluent to afford the title compound as a pale yellow oil (700 mg, 34% yield).
¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.88 (d, 1H), 8.80 (d, 1H), 8.10 (d, 1H), 7.68 (m, 2H), 7.55 (m, 3H), 7.46 (dd, 1H), 4.27 (d, 1H), 4.03 (s, 3H), 3.91 (d, 1H).

Step D: Preparation of 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-1-naphthalenecarboxylic acid

To a stirred solution of methyl 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-1-naphthalenecarboxylate (i.e. the product from Step C) (650 mg, 1.39 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was added a solution of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (350 mg, 8.34 mmol) in water (10 mL), followed by methanol (10 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and diethyl ether. Then the aqueous layer was acidified with 6 N aqueous hydrochloric acid to pH 2 and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried and concentrated to provide the title compound as a white solid (450 mg).
¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 9.08 (d, 1H), 8.80 (d, 1H), 8.31 (d, 1H), 7.71 (m, 2H), 7.57 (m, 3H), 7.46 (dd, 1H), 4.28 (d, 1H), 3.91 (d, 1H).

Step E: Preparation of 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1-naphthalenecarboxamide

A mixture of 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-1-naphthalenecarboxylic acid (i.e. the product from Step C) (190 mg, 0.42 mmol), 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (77 mg, 0.63 mmol), propylphosphonic anhydride (0.38 mL, 0.63 mmol, 50% in ethyl acetate) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine (0.033 mL, 0.42 mL) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using hexanes/ethyl acetate as eluent to give the title product, a compound of the present invention, as a white solid (71 mg).
¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.78 (d, 1H), 8.18 (d, 1H), 7.63 (m, 2H), 7.56 (m, 2H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 7.46 (m, 1H), 7.44 (d, 1H), 6.41 (t, 1H), 4.23 (d, 1H), 4.20 (m, 2H), 3.87 (d, 1H).

Example 2

Preparation of 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1-naphthalenecarboxamide

Step A: Preparation of 4-bromo-1-naphthalenecarboxylate oxime

To a stirred solution of 4-bromo-1-naphthalenecarboxaldehyde (3.7 g, 15.7 mmol) in ethanol (30 mL) was added an aqueous solution of hydroxylamine (1.25 mL, 50% in water). After stirring at room temperature for 3 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the title compound as a pale yellow solid (3.8 g).
¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): 11.60 (s, 1H), 8.81 (s, 1H), 8.71 (d, 1H), 8.24 (d, 1H), 7.95 (d, 1H), 7.74 (m, 3H).

Step B: Preparation of 3-(4-bromo-1-naphthalenyl)-5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazole

To a stirred solution of 4-bromo-1-naphthalenecarboxylate oxime (i.e. the product from Step A) (2.33 g, 9.3 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (6.0 mL) was added N-chlorosuccinimide (1.70 g, 12.7 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature, and then a solution of 1,3-dichloro-5-[1-(trifluoromethyl)ethenyl]benzene (i.e. the product from Step B of Example 1) (2.70 g, 11.2 mmol) and triethylamine (4.5 mL, 32.0 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (9.0 mL) was added. After stirring for additional 2 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexanes/ethyl acetate as eluent to afford the title compound as a white solid (2.9 g, 64% yield).
¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.87 (m, 1H), 8.32 (m, 1H), 7.77 (d, 1H), 7.66 (m, 2H), 7.55 (s, 2H), 7.46 (dd, 1H), 7.32 (d, 1H), 4.24 (d, 1H), 3.88 (d, 3H).

Step C: Preparation of 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1-naphthalenecarboxamide

A mixture of 3-(4-bromo-1-naphthalenyl)-5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazole (i.e. the product from Step B) (1.0 g, 2.04 mmol), [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) (PdCl₂(dppf)) (0.22 g, 0.30 mmol), 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (0.86 g, 7.96 mmol) and triethylamine (5.6 mL, 40 mmol) in toluene (15 mL) was purged with carbon monoxide for 15 minutes. Then the reaction vial was maintained with carbon monoxide using a balloon. The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. under carbon monoxide atmosphere overnight. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered through a short pad of Celite® diatomaceous filter aid and rinsed with small amount of ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using hexanes/ethyl acetate as eluent to provide the title product, a compound of the present invention, as a white solid (0.72 g, 65% yield).
¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.81 (d, 1H), 8.55 (d, 1H), 8.38 (d, 1H), 7.80-7.27 (m, 10H), 4.89 (d, 2H), 4.22 (d, 1H), 3.86 (d, 1H).

Example 3

Preparation of 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1-naphthalenecarbothioamide

A mixture of 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1-naphthalenecarboxamide (i.e. the product from Example 2) (40 mg, 0.073 mmol) and 2,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane-2,4-disulfide (Lawesson's reagent) (18 mg, 0.044 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was heated at reflux for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and directly purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexanes/ethyl acetate as eluent to provide the title product, a compound of the present invention, as a yellow solid (29 mg, 71% yield).
¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 9.41 (br s 1H), 8.91 (dd, 1H), 8.70 (dd, 1H), 8.46 (d, 1H), 8.21 (d, 1H), 7.75 (dt, 1H), 7.64 (d, 1H), 7.57 (s, 2H), 7.47 (dd, 1H), 7.43 (t, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.24 (dd, 1H), 5.14 (d, 2H), 4.68 (d, 1H), 4.39 (d, 1H).

Example 4

Preparation of 5-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-8-quinolinecarboxamide

Step A: Preparation of (8-bromo-5-quinolinyl)methyl acetate

A mixture of 8-bromo-5-methylquinoline (5.4 g, 24.3 mmol), N-bromosuccinimide (5.2 g, 29.2 mmol), and 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) (0.40 g, 24.3 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (80 mL) was heated at reflux for 3 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered, using hexane for rinsing. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (50 mL), and then sodium acetate (4.0 g, 48.8 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 2 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water and extracted with a mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane (3:7). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using hexanes/ethyl acetate as eluent to afford the title product as a pale yellow solid (4.8 g).

Step B: Preparation of 8-bromo-5-quinolinecarboxaldehyde

A mixture of the (8-bromo-5-quinolinyl)methyl acetate (i.e. the product from Step A) and methanol (50 mL) was heated at reflux for 1 h in the presence of trace amount of potassium carbonate (10 mg). Then the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the corresponding alcohol in quantitative yield as a pale yellow solid.
To a stirred solution of the crude alcohol (2.0 g, 8.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (60 mL) was added slowly 1,1,1-tris(acetoxy)-1,1-dihydro-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one (Dess-Martin periodinane) (4.0 g, 9.4 mmol) at room temperature. After stirring for 0.5 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using hexanes/ethyl acetate as eluent to afford the title product as a white solid (1.8 g).
¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 10.31 (s, 1H), 9.65 (dd, 1H), 9.12 (dd, 1H), 8.26 (d, 1H), 7.88 (d, 1H), 7.66 (dd, 1H).

Step C: Preparation of 8-bromo-5-quinolinecarboxaldehyde oxime

To a stirred solution of 8-bromo-5-quinolinecarboxaldehyde (i.e. the product from Step B) (1.7 g, 7.1 mmol) in ethanol (30 mL) was added an aqueous solution of hydroxylamine (0.7 mL, 50% in water). After stirring at room temperature for 2 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the title compound as a pale yellow solid (1.8 g).
¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): 11.61 (s, 1H), 9.16 (dd, 1H), 9.07 (dd, 1H), 8.79 (s, 1H), 8.20 (d, 1H), 7.79 (d, 1H), 7.72 (dd, 1H).

Step D: Preparation of 8-bromo-5-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]quinoline

To a stirred solution of 8-bromo-5-quinolinecarboxaldehyde oxime (i.e. the product from Step C) (1.7 g, 6.8 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (13.0 mL) was added N-chlorosuccinimide (1.24 g, 9.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature, and then a solution of 1,3-dichloro-5-[1-(trifluoromethyl)ethenyl]benzene (i.e. the product from Example 1, Step B) (1.96 g, 8.1 mmol) and triethylamine (2.86 mL, 20.4 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (7.0 mL) was added. After stirring for additional 12 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using hexanes/ethyl acetate as eluent to afford the title compound as a white solid (2.0 g, 61% yield).
¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 9.39 (dd, 1H), 9.08 (dd, 1H), 8.05 (d, 1H), 7.59 (dd, 1H), 7.55 (s, 2H), 7.44 (t, 1H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 4.27 (d, 1H), 3.92 (d, 1H).

Step E: Preparation of 5-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-8-quinolinecarboxamide

A mixture of 8-bromo-5-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]quinoline (i.e. the product from Step D) (500 mg, 1.0 mmol), [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) (PdCl₂(dppf)) (75 mg, 0.10 mmol), 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (0.43 mL, 4.0 mmol) and triethylamine (2.8 mL, 20 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) was purged with carbon monoxide for 15 minutes. Then the reaction vial was maintained with carbon monoxide using a balloon. The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. under carbon monoxide atmosphere overnight. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered through a short pad of Celite® diatomaceous filter aid and rinsed with small amount of ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using hexanes/ethyl acetate as eluent to provide the title product, a compound of the present invention, as a brown foamy solid (60 mg, 11% yield).
¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 12.02 (br s 1H), 9.52 (d, 1H), 9.01 (s, 1H), 8.88 (d, 1H), 8.62 (d, 1H), 7.60-7.74 (m, 3H), 7.56 (s, 2H), 7.45 (br s 2H), 7.20 (dd, 1H), 4.96 (d, 2H), 4.32 (d, 1H), 3.98 (d, 1H).

Example 5

Preparation of 5-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-8-isoquinolinecarboxamide

Step A: Preparation of 8-bromo-5-isoquinolinecarboxaldehyde and 5-bromo-8-isoquinolinecarboxaldehyde

To a stirred mixture of 5,8-dibromoisoquinoline (4.0 g. 13.9 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (120 mL) at −78° C. under nitrogen atmosphere was added dropwise a solution of n-butyllithium (2.3 M in hexane, 7.3 mL, 16.8 mmol). The reaction mixture turned dark. After stirring for 15 minutes, the reaction mixture was quenched by adding N,N-dimethylformamide (4.0 mL). After stirring at −78° C. for an additional 1 h, the reaction mixture was quenched with water, extracted with mixture of ethyl acetate/hexane (2:8), washed with water and brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using hexanes/ethyl acetate as eluent to afford the 8-bromo-5-isoquinolinecarboxaldehyde (0.10 g), followed by 5-bromo-8-isoquinolinecarboxaldehyde (1.0 g) as white solids.
¹H NMR (CDCl₃) of 8-bromo-5-isoquinolinecarboxaldehyde: 10.36 (s, 1H), 9.72 (s, 1H), 9.00 (d, 1H), 8.79 (d, 1H), 8.04 (d, 1H), 8.01 (dd, 1H); and
¹H NMR (CDCl₃) of 5-bromo-8-isoquinolinecarboxaldehyde: 10.57 (s, 1H), 10.41 (s, 1H), 8.81 (d, 1H), 8.18 (d, 1H), 8.11 (d, 1H), 7.94 (d, 1H).

Step B: Preparation of 8-bromo-5-isoquinolinecarboxaldehyde oxime

To a stirred solution of 8-bromo-5-isoquinolinecarboxaldehyde (i.e. a product from Step A) (75 mg, 0.3 mmol) in ethanol (7 mL) was added an aqueous solution of hydroxylamine (0.5 mL, 50% in water). After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the title compound as a yellow solid (70 mg).
¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): 11.75 (s, 1H), 9.55 (s, 1H), 8.78 (s, 1H), 8.71 (d, 1H), 8.59 (d, 1H), 8.07 (d, 1H), 7.96 (d, 1H).

Step C: Preparation of 8-bromo-5-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]isoquinoline

To a stirred solution of 8-bromo-5-isoquinolinecarboxaldehyde oxime (i.e. the product from Step B) (70 mg, 0.28 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2.0 mL) was added N-chlorosuccinimide (64 g, 0.48 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5 h at room temperature, and then a solution of 1,3-dichloro-5-[1-(trifluoromethyl)ethenyl]benzene (135 mg, 0.56 mmol) (i.e. the product from Example 1, Step B) and triethylamine (0.12 mL, 0.86 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (1.5 mL) was added. After stirring for an additional 12 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexanes/ethyl acetate as eluent to afford the title compound (20 mg) contaminated with some impurity.

Step D: Preparation of 5-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-8-isoquinolinecarboxamide

A mixture of 8-bromo-5-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]isoquinoline (i.e. the product from Step C) (20 mg, 0.04 mmol), [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) (PdCl₂(dppf)) (6 mg, 0.008 mmol), 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine (17 mg, 0.16 mmol) and triethylamine (0.1 mL, 0.7 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was purged with carbon monoxide for 15 minutes. Then the reaction vial was maintained with carbon monoxide using a balloon. The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. under carbon monoxide atmosphere overnight. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered through a short pad of Celite® diatomaceous filter and rinsed with small amount of ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using hexanes/ethyl acetate as eluent to provide the title product, a compound of the present invention, as a pale white solid (15 mg).
¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 9.77 (s, 1H), 8.80 (d, 1H), 8.70 (d, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 7.81-7.23 (m, 9H), 4.88 (d, 2H), 4.28 (d, 1H), 3.92 (d, 1H).
By the procedures described herein together with methods known in the art, the following compounds of Tables 1 to 9 can be prepared. The following abbreviations are used in the Tables which follow: —CN means cyano, Ph means phenyl, Py means pyridinyl, Me means methyl, Et means ethyl and i-Pr means isopropyl.

TABLE 1


wherein m is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

R¹	(R²)_m	R³	R⁴	R⁵

CF₃	H	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	H	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Cl	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-F	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F, 4-F	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 4-F	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF₃	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-CF₃	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Br	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-I	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-I	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CN	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-CN	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Me	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Me	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OMe	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-OMe	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OCF₃	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-OCF₃	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	H	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	H	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	2-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	2-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	4-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	4-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	4-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	4-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	4-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	H	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	H	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-I	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-I	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-CN	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Me	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-OMe	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	H	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-I	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-I	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CN	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-CN	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Me	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Me	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-OMe	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	H	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Cl	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-F	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F, 4-F	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 4-F	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF₃	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-CF₃	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Br	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-I	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-I	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CN	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-CN	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Me	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Me	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OMe	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-OMe	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OCF₃	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-OCF₃	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	H	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	2-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	2-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	4-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	4-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	4-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	4-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	4-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	H	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py

TABLE 2


wherein m is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

R¹	(R²)_m	R³	R⁴	R⁵

CF₃	H	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	H	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	H	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-I	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-I	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-CN	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Me	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-OMe	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	H	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-I	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-I	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CN	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Me	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OMe	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	H	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-I	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-I	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CN	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-CN	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Me	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Me	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-OMe	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	H	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-I	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-I	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CN	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CN	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Me	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Me	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OMe	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	H	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	H	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py

TABLE 3


wherein m is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

TABLE 4


wherein m is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

TABLE 5


wherein m is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

TABLE 6

wherein m is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

R¹	(R²)_m	R³	R⁴	R⁵

CF₃	H	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	H	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	H	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF₃, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-I	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-I	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CN	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-CN	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Me	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Me	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-OMe	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	H	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	H	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-I	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-I	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CN	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CN	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Me	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Me	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OMe	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	H	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-I	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-I	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-CN	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Me	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-OMe	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	H	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-I	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-I	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	H	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CN	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Me	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OMe	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py

TABLE 7

wherein m is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

R¹	(R²)_m	R³	R⁴	R⁵

CF₃	H	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	H	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	H	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-I	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-I	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CN	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-CN	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Me	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Me	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-OMe	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	H	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 4-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-I	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-I	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	H	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-I	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-I	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-CN	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-Me	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CN	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CN	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Me	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Me	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OMe	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	H	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-OMe	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	4-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	H	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-I	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-I	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CN	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Me	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OMe	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	4-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	H	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 4-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	4-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py

TABLE 8

wherein m is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

R¹	(R²)_m	R³	R⁴	R⁵

CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	H
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	Me
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	Et
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	i-Pr
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂Ph
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CO₂Me
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CN
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-4-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-5-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-3-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-4-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	CO₂Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	C(O)Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	CO₂Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	C(O)Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	H
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	Me
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	Et
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	i-Pr
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂Ph
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CO₂Me
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂CN
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-4-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-5-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-3-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	H	CH₂-4-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	H
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	Me
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	Et
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	i-Pr
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂Ph
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CO₂Me
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CN
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-4-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-5-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-3-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-4-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	CO₂Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	C(O)Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	CO₂Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	C(O)Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	H
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	Me
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	Et
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	i-Pr
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂Ph
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CO₂Me
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CN
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-4-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-5-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-3-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-4-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	CO₂Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	C(O)Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	CO₂Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	H	C(O)Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	H
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	Me
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	Et
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	i-Pr
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂Ph
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CO₂Me
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CN
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-4-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-5-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-3-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-4-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	CO₂Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	C(O)Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	CO₂Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	C(O)Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	H
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	Me
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	Et
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	i-Pr
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂Ph
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CO₂Me
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CN
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-4-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-5-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-3-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-4-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	CO₂Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	C(O)Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	CO₂Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	C(O)Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	H
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	Me
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	Et
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	i-Pr
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂Ph
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CO₂Me
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CN
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-4-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-5-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-3-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-4-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	CO₂Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	C(O)Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	CO₂Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	C(O)Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	H
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	Me
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	Et
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	i-Pr
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂Ph
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CO₂Me
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CN
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-4-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-5-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-3-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-4-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	CO₂Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	C(O)Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	CO₂Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 4-Cl	Me	C(O)Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	CO₂Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	C(O)Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	CO₂Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	C(O)Me	CH₂-2-Py

TABLE 9

wherein m is 1, 2, 3 or 4.

R¹	(R²)_m	R³	R⁴	R⁵

CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	H
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	Me
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	Et
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	i-Pr
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂Ph
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂CO₂Me
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂CN
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂-4-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂-5-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂-3-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂-4-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	H	Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl	H	CO₂Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl	H	C(O)Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl	H	Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	H	CO₂Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	H	C(O)Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	H
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	Me
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	H
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	Me
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	Et
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	i-Pr
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂Ph
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CO₂Me
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CN
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-4-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-5-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-3-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-4-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	CO₂Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	C(O)Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	CO₂Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	C(O)Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	H
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	Me
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	Et
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	i-Pr
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂Ph
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂CO₂Me
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂CN
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂-4-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂-5-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂-3-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂-4-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	CO₂Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	C(O)Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	CO₂Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	C(O)Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	H
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	Me
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	Et
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	i-Pr
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂Ph
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CO₂Me
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CN
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-4-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-5-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-3-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-4-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	CO₂Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	C(O)Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	Et
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	i-Pr
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂Ph
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CO₂Me
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CN
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-4-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-5-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-3-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-4-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	CO₂Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	C(O)Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	CO₂Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	C(O)Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	H
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	Me
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	Et
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	i-Pr
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂Ph
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CO₂Me
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CN
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-4-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-5-thiazolyl
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-3-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-4-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	CO₂Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	C(O)Me	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	CO₂Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	C(O)Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	H
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	Me
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	Et
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	i-Pr
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂Ph
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CO₂Me
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CN
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-4-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-5-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-3-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-4-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	CO₂Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	C(O)Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	CO₂Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	C(O)Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	H	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	CO₂Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	C(O)Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	H
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	Me
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	Et
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	i-Pr
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂Ph
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CO₂Me
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CN
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-4-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-5-thiazolyl
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-3-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-4-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	CO₂Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	C(O)Me	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	CO₂Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	C(O)Me	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	H	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-I	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	H	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-Cl	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	2-F	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF₃	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Br	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-I	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-CN	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Me	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OMe	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OCF₃	Cl	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	H	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	H	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-I	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CN	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Me	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	H	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-Cl	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	2-F	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-F, 5-F	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF₃	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Br	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-I	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-CN	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-Me	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OMe	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₃	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	H	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	2-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₂CF₃	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	H	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 5-F	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 5-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-I	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CN	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Me	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OMe	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OCF₃	H	H	CH₂CF₃
CF₃	3-OCF₃	Cl	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	H	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	2-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF₂CF₃	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	H	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-Cl	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	2-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-F, 5-F	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CF_3,5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Cl, 5-CF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br, 5-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Br	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-I	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-CN	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-Me	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OMe	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py
CF(CF₃)₂	3-OCF₃	Me	H	CH₂-2-Py

Formulation/Utility

Compounds of this invention will generally be used as a formulation or composition with a suitable carrier comprising at least one of a liquid diluent, a solid diluent or a surfactant. The formulation or composition ingredients are selected to be consistent with the physical properties of the active ingredient, mode of application and environmental factors such as soil type, moisture and temperature. Useful formulations include liquids such as solutions (including emulsifiable concentrates), suspensions, emulsions (including microemulsions and/or suspoemulsions) and the like which optionally can be thickened into gels. Useful formulations further include solids such as dusts, powders, granules, pellets, tablets, films (including seed coatings), and the like which can be water-dispersible (“wettable”) or water-soluble. Active ingredient can be (micro)encapsulated and further formed into a suspension or solid formulation; alternatively the entire formulation of active ingredient can be encapsulated (or “overcoated”). Encapsulation can control or delay release of the active ingredient. Sprayable formulations can be extended in suitable media and used at spray volumes from about one to several hundred liters per hectare. High-strength compositions are primarily used as intermediates for further formulation.
The formulations will typically contain effective amounts of active ingredient, diluent and surfactant within the following approximate ranges which add up to 100 percent by weight.


	Weight Percent

Active		Surfac-
Ingredient	Diluent	tant

Water-Dispersible and Water-	0.001-90	0-99.999	0-15
soluble Granules, Tablets
and Powders.
Suspensions, Emulsions,	1-50	40-99	0-50
Solutions (including
Emulsifiable Concentrates)
Dusts	1-25	70-99	0-5
Granules and Pellets	0.001-99	5-99.999	0-15
High Strength Compositions	90-99	0-10	0-2

Typical solid diluents are described in Watkins, et al., Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers, 2nd Ed., Dorland Books, Caldwell, N.J. Typical liquid diluents are described in Marsden, Solvents Guide, 2nd Ed., Interscience, New York, 1950. McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual, Allured Publ. Corp., Ridgewood, N.J., as well as Sisely and Wood, Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents, Chemical Publ. Co., Inc., New York, 1964, list surfactants and recommended uses. All formulations can contain minor amounts of additives to reduce foam, caking, corrosion, microbiological growth and the like, or thickeners to increase viscosity.
Surfactants include, for example, polyethoxylated alcohols, polyethoxylated alkylphenols, polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters, dialkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, organosilicones, N,N-dialkyltaurates, lignin sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, polycarboxylates, glycerol esters, poly-oxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block copolymers, and alkylpolyglycosides where the number of glucose units, referred to as degree of polymerization (D.P.), can range from 1 to 3 and the alkyl units can range from C₆to C₁₄(see Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, 1255-1264). Solid diluents include, for example, clays such as bentonite, montmorillonite, attapulgite and kaolin, starch, sugar, silica, talc, diatomaceous earth, urea, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, and sodium sulfate. Liquid diluents include, for example, water, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-alkylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, propylene carbonate, dibasic esters, paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, glycerine, triacetine, oils of olive, castor, linseed, tung, sesame, corn, peanut, cotton-seed, soybean, rape-seed and coconut, fatty acid esters, ketones such as cyclohexanone, 2-heptanone, isophorone and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, acetates such as hexyl acetate, heptyl acetate and octyl acetate, and alcohols such as methanol, cyclohexanol, decanol, benzyl and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol.
Useful formulations of this invention may also contain materials well known to those skilled in the art as formulation aids such as antifoams, film formers and dyes. Antifoams can include water dispersible liquids comprising polyorganosiloxanes like Rhodorsil® 416. The film formers can include polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers and waxes. Dyes can include water dispersible liquid colorant compositions like Pro-lzed® Colorant Red. One skilled in the art will appreciate that this is a non-exhaustive list of formulation aids. Suitable examples of formulation aids include those listed herein and those listed in McCutcheon's 2001, Volume 2: Functional Materials published by MC Publishing Company and PCT Publication WO 03/024222.
Solutions, including emulsifiable concentrates, can be prepared by simply mixing the ingredients. Dusts and powders can be prepared by blending and, usually, grinding as in a hammer mill or fluid-energy mill. Suspensions are usually prepared by wet-milling; see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,060,084. Granules and pellets can be prepared by spraying the active material upon preformed granular carriers or by agglomeration techniques. See Browning, “Agglomeration”, Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, pp 147-48, Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, pages 8-57 and following, and WO 91/13546. Pellets can be prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,172,714. Water-dispersible and water-soluble granules can be prepared as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,144,050, U.S. Pat. No. 3,920,442 and DE 3,246,493. Tablets can be prepared as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,180,587, U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,701 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,030. Films can be prepared as taught in GB 2,095,558 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,299,566.
For further information regarding the art of formulation, see T. S. Woods, “The Formulator's Toolbox—Product Forms for Modern Agriculture” in Pesticide Chemistry and Bioscience, The Food-Environment Challenge, T. Brooks and T. R. Roberts, Eds., Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Pesticide Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1999, pp. 120-133. See also U.S. Pat. No. 3,235,361, Col. 6, line 16 through Col. 7, line 19 and Examples 10-41; U.S. Pat. No. 3,309,192, Col. 5, line 43 through Col. 7, line 62 and Examples 8, 12, 15, 39, 41, 52, 53, 58, 132, 138-140, 162-164, 166, 167 and 169-182; U.S. Pat. No. 2,891,855, Col. 3, line 66 through Col. 5, line 17 and Examples 1-4; Klingman, Weed Control as a Science, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1961, pp 81-96; Hance et al., Weed Control Handbook, 8th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1989; and Developments in formulation technology, PJB Publications, Richmond, UK, 2000.
In the following Examples, all percentages are by weight and all formulations are prepared in conventional ways. Compound numbers refer to compounds in Index Tables A-C. Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art using the preceding description can utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The following Examples are, therefore, to be constructed as merely illustrative, and not limiting of the disclosure in any way whatsoever. Percentages are by weight except where otherwise indicated.

Example A


Wettable Powder

	Compound 1	65.0%
	dodecylphenol polyethylene glycol ether	2.0%
	sodium ligninsulfonate	4.0%
	sodium silicoaluminate	6.0%
	montmorillonite (calcined)	23.0%

Example B


Granule

	Compound 2	10.0%
	attapulgite granules (low volatile matter,	90.0%
	0.71/0.30 mm; U.S.S. No. 25-50 sieves)

Example C


Extruded Pellet

	Compound 8	25.0%
	anhydrous sodium sulfate	10.0%
	crude calcium ligninsulfonate	5.0%
	sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate	1.0%
	calcium/magnesium bentonite	59.0%

Example D


Emulsifiable Concentrate

	Compound 20	20.0%
	blend of oil soluble sulfonates	10.0%
	and polyoxyethylene ethers
	isophorone	70.0%

Example E


Microemulsion

	Compound 21	5.0%
	polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer	30.0%
	alkylpolyglycoside	30.0%
	glyceryl monooleate	15.0%
	water	20.0%

Example F


Seed Treatment

	Compound 101	20.00%
	polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer	5.00%
	montan acid wax	5.00%
	calcium ligninsulfonate	1.00%
	polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block copolymers	1.00%
	stearyl alcohol (POE 20)	2.00%
	polyorganosilane	0.20%
	colorant red dye	0.05%
	water	65.75%

Example G


Fertilizer Stick

	Compound 201	2.50%
	pyrrolidone-styrene copolymer	4.80%
	tristyrylphenyl 16-ethoxylate	2.30%
	talc	0.80%
	corn starch	5.00%
	Nitrophoska ® Permanent 15-9-15	36.00%
	slow-release fertilizer (BASF)
	kaolin	38.00%
	water	10.60%

Compounds of this invention exhibit activity against a wide spectrum of invertebrate pests. These pests include invertebrates inhabiting a variety of environments such as, for example, plant foliage, roots, soil, harvested crops or other foodstuffs, building structures or animal integuments. These pests include, for example, invertebrates feeding on foliage (including leaves, stems, flowers and fruits), seeds, wood, textile fibers or animal blood or tissues, and thereby causing injury or damage to, for example, growing or stored agronomic crops, forests, greenhouse crops, ornamentals, nursery crops, stored foodstuffs or fiber products, or houses or other structures or their contents, or being harmful to animal health or public health. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that not all compounds are equally effective against all growth stages of all pests.
These present compounds and compositions are thus useful agronomically for protecting field crops from phytophagous invertebrate pests, and also nonagronomically for protecting other horticultural crops and plants from phytophagous invertebrate pests. This utility includes protecting crops and other plants (i.e. both agronomic and nonagronomic) that contain genetic material introduced by genetic engineering (i.e. transgenic) or modified by mutagenesis to provide advantageous traits. Examples of such traits include tolerance to herbicides, resistance to phytophagous pests (e.g., insects, mites, aphids, spiders, nematodes, snails, plant-pathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses), improved plant growth, increased tolerance of adverse growing conditions such as high or low temperatures, low or high soil moisture, and high salinity, increased flowering or fruiting, greater harvest yields, more rapid maturation, higher quality and/or nutritional value of the harvested product, or improved storage or process properties of the harvested products. Transgenic plants can be modified to express multiple traits. Examples of plants containing traits provided by genetic engineering or mutagenesis include varieties of corn, cotton, soybean and potato expressing an insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis toxin such as YIELD GARD®, KNOCKOUT®, STARLINK®, BOLLGARD®, NuCOTN® and NEWLEAF®, and herbicide-tolerant varieties of corn, cotton, soybean and rapeseed such as ROUNDUP READY®, LIBERTY LINK®, IMI®, STS® and CLEARFIELD®, as well as crops expressing N-acetyltransferase (GAT) to provide resistance to glyphosate herbicide, or crops containing the HRA gene providing resistance to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase (ALS). The present compounds and compositions may interact synergistically with traits introduced by genetic engineering or modified by mutagenesis, thus enhancing phenotypic expression or effectiveness of the traits or increasing the invertebrate pest control effectiveness of the present compounds and compositions. In particular, the present compounds and compositions may interact synergistically with the phenotypic expression of proteins or other natural products toxic to invertebrate pests to provide greater-than-additive control of these pests.
Nonagronomic uses refer to invertebrate pest control in the areas other than fields of crop plants. Nonagronomic uses of the present compounds and compositions include control of invertebrate pests in stored grains, beans and other foodstuffs, and in textiles such as clothing and carpets. Nonagronomic uses of the present compounds and compositions also include invertebrate pest control in ornamental plants, forests, in yards, along roadsides and railroad rights of way, and on turf such as lawns, golf courses and pastures. Nonagronomic uses of the present compounds and compositions also include invertebrate pest control in houses and other buildings which may be occupied by humans and/or companion, farm, ranch, zoo or other animals. Nonagronomic uses of the present compounds and compositions also include the control of pests such as termites that can damage wood or other structural materials used in buildings.
Nonagronomic uses of the present compounds and compositions also include protecting human and animal health by controlling invertebrate pests that are parasitic or transmit infectious diseases. The controlling of animal parasites includes controlling external parasites that are parasitic to the surface of the body of the host animal (e.g., shoulders, armpits, abdomen, inner part of the thighs) and internal parasites that are parasitic to the inside of the body of the host animal (e.g., stomach, intestine, lung, veins, under the skin, lymphatic tissue). External parasitic or disease transmitting pests include, for example, chiggers, ticks, lice, mosquitoes, flies, mites and fleas. Internal parasites include heartworms, hookworms and helminths. Compounds and compositions of the present invention are suitable for systemic and/or non-systemic control of infestation or infection by parasites on animals. Compounds and compositions of the present invention are particularly suitable for combating external parasitic or disease transmitting pests. Compounds and compositions of the present invention are suitable for combating parasites that infest agricultural working animals, such as cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys, camels, buffalos, rabbits, hens, turkeys, ducks, geese and bees; pet animals and domestic animals such as dogs, cats, pet birds and aquarium fish; as well as so-called experimental animals, such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rats and mice. By combating these parasites, fatalities and performance reduction (in term of meat, milk, wool, skins, eggs, honey, etc.) are reduced, so that applying a composition comprising a compound of the present invention allows more economic and simple husbandry of animals.
Examples of agronomic or nonagronomic invertebrate pests include eggs, larvae and adults of the order Lepidoptera, such as armyworms, cutworms, loopers, and heliothines in the family Noctuidae (e.g., pink stem borer (Sesamia inferens Walker), corn stalk borer (Sesamia nonagrioides Lefebvre), southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania Cramer), fall armyworm (Spodoptera fugiperda J. E. Smith), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hübner), cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval), yellowstriped armyworm (Spodoptera ornithogalli Guenée), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel), velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner), green fruitworm (Lithophane antennata Walker), cabbage armyworm (Barathra brassicae Linnaeus), soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens Walker), cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni Hübner), tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens Fabricius)); borers, casebearers, webworms, coneworms, cabbageworms and skeletonizers from the family Pyralidae (e.g., European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner), navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella Walker), corn root webworm (Crambus caliginosellus Clemens), sod webworms (Pyralidae: Crambinae) such as sod worm (Herpetogramma licarsisalis Walker), sugarcane stem borer (Chilo infuscatellus Snellen), tomato small borer (Neoleucinodes elegantalis Guenée), green leafroller (Cnaphalocerus medinalis), grape leaffolder (Desmia funeralis Hübner), melon worm (Diaphania nitidalis Stoll), cabbage center grub (Helluala hydralis Guenée), yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker), early shoot borer (Scirpophaga infuscatellus Snellen), white stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata Walker), top shoot borer (Scirpophaga nivella Fabricius), dark-headed rice borer (Chilo polychrysus Meyrick), cabbage cluster caterpillar (Crocidolomia binotalis English)); leafrollers, budworms, seed worms, and fruit worms in the family Tortricidae (e.g., codling moth (Cydia pomonella Linnaeus), grape berry moth (Endopiza viteana Clemens), oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta Busck), citrus false codling moth (Cryptophlebia leucotreta Meyrick), citrus borer (Ecdytolopha aurantiana Lima), redbanded leafroller (Argyrotaenia velutinana Walker), obliquebanded leafroller (Choristoneura rosaceana Harris), light brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana Walker), European grape berry moth (Eupoecilia ambiguella Hübner), apple bud moth (Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott), omnivorous leafroller (Platynota stultana Walsingham), barred fruit-tree tortrix (Pandemis cerasana Hübner), apple brown tortrix (Pandemis heparana Denis & Schiffermller)); and many other economically important lepidoptera (e.g., diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella Linnaeus), pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders), gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar Linnaeus), peach fruit borer (Carposina niponensis Walsingham), peach twig borer (Anarsia lineatella Zeller), potato tuberworm (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller), spotted teniform leafminer (Lithocolletis blancardella Fabricius), Asiatic apple leafminer (Lithocolletis ringoniella Matsumura), rice leaffolder (Lerodea eufala Edwards), apple leafminer (Leucoptera scitella Zeller)); eggs, nymphs and adults of the order Blattodea including cockroaches from the families Blattellidae and Blattidae (e.g., oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis Linnaeus), Asian cockroach (Blatella asahinai Mizukubo), German cockroach (Blattella germanica Linnaeus), brownbanded cockroach (Supella longipalpa Fabricius), American cockroach (Periplaneta americana Linnaeus), brown cockroach (Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister), Madeira cockroach (Leucophaea maderae Fabricius)), smoky brown cockroach (Periplaneta fuliginosa Service), Australian Cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae Fabr.), lobster cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea Olivier) and smooth cockroach (Symploce pallens Stephens)); eggs, foliar feeding, fruit feeding, root feeding, seed feeding and vesicular tissue feeding larvae and adults of the order Coleoptera including weevils from the families Anthribidae, Bruchidae, and Curculionidae (e.g., boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman), rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel), granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius Linnaeus), rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus)), annual bluegrass weevil (Listronotus maculicollis Dietz), bluegrass billbug (Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal), hunting billbug (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus), Denver billbug (Sphenophorus cicatristriatus Fahraeus)); flea beetles, cucumber beetles, rootworms, leaf beetles, potato beetles, and leafminers in the family Chrysomelidae (e.g., Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte)); chafers and other beetles from the family Scarabaeidae (e.g., Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman), oriental beetle (Anomala orientalis Waterhouse, Exomala orientalis (Waterhouse) Baraud), northern masked chafer (Cyclocephala borealis Arrow), southern masked chafer (Cyclocephala immaculata Olivier or C. lurida Bland) dung beetle and white grub (Aphodius spp.), black turfgrass ataenius (Ataenius spretulus Haldeman), green June beetle (Cotinis nitida Linnaeus), Asiatic garden beetle (Maladera castanea Arrow), May/June beetles (Phyllophaga spp.) and European chafer (Rhizotrogus majalis Razoumowsky)); carpet beetles from the family Dermestidae; wireworms from the family Elateridae; bark beetles from the family Scolytidae and flour beetles from the family Tenebrionidae. In addition, agronomic and nonagronomic pests include: eggs, adults and larvae of the order Dermaptera including earwigs from the family Forficulidae (e.g., European earwig (Forficula auricularia Linnaeus), black earwig (Chelisoches morio Fabricius)); eggs, immatures, adults and nymphs of the orders Hemiptera and Homoptera such as, plant bugs from the family Miridae, cicadas from the family Cicadidae, leafhoppers (e.g. Empoasca spp.) from the family Cicadellidae, bed bugs (e.g., Cimex lectularius Linnaeus) from the family Cimicidae, planthoppers from the families Fulgoroidae and Delphacidae, treehoppers from the family Membracidae, psyllids from the family Psyllidae, whiteflies from the family Aleyrodidae, aphids from the family Aphididae, phylloxera from the family Phylloxeridae, mealybugs from the family Pseudococcidae, scales from the families Coccidae, Diaspididae and Margarodidae, lace bugs from the family Tingidae, stink bugs from the family Pentatomidae, chinch bugs (e.g., hairy chinch bug (Blissus leucopterus hirtus Montandon) and southern chinch bug (Blissus insularis Barber)) and other seed bugs from the family Lygaeidae, spittlebugs from the family Cercopidae squash bugs from the family Coreidae, and red bugs and cotton stainers from the family Pyrrhocoridae. Also included are eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults of the order Acari (mites) such as spider mites and red mites in the family Tetranychidae (e.g., European red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch), two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch), McDaniel mite (Tetranychus mcdanieli McGregor)); flat mites in the family Tenuipalpidae (e.g., citrus flat mite (Brevipalpus lewisi McGregor)); rust and bud mites in the family Eriophyidae and other foliar feeding mites and mites important in human and animal health, i.e. dust mites in the family Epidermoptidae, follicle mites in the family Demodicidae, grain mites in the family Glycyphagidae, ticks in the order Ixodidae (e.g., deer tick (Ixodes scapularis Say), Australian paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclus Neumann), American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis Say), lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum Linnaeus)) and scab and itch mites in the families Psoroptidae, Pyemotidae, and Sarcoptidae; eggs, adults and immatures of the order Orthoptera including grasshoppers, locusts and crickets (e.g., migratory grasshoppers (e.g., Melanoplus sanguinipes Fabricius, M. differentialis Thomas), American grasshoppers (e.g., Schistocerca americana Drury), desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forskal), migratory locust (Locusta migratoria Linnaeus), bush locust (Zonocerus spp.), house cricket (Acheta domesticus Linnaeus), mole crickets (e.g., tawny mole cricket (Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder) and southern mole cricket (Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-Tos)); eggs, adults and immatures of the order Diptera including leafminers (e.g., Liriomyza spp. such as serpentine vegetable leafminer (Liriomyza sativae Blanchard)), midges, fruit flies (Tephritidae), frit flies (e.g., Oscinella frit Linnaeus), soil maggots, house flies (e.g., Musca domestica Linnaeus), lesser house flies (e.g., Fannia canicularis Linnaeus, F. femoralis Stein), stable flies (e.g., Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus), face flies, horn flies, blow flies (e.g., Chrysomya spp., Phormia spp.), and other muscoid fly pests, horse flies (e.g., Tabanus spp.), bot flies (e.g., Gastrophilus spp., Oestrus spp.), cattle grubs (e.g., Hypoderma spp.), deer flies (e.g., Chrysops spp.), keds (e.g., Melophagus ovinus Linnaeus) and other Brachycera, mosquitoes (e.g., Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp.), black flies (e.g., Prosimulium spp., Simulium spp.), biting midges, sand flies, sciarids, and other Nematocera; eggs, adults and immatures of the order Thysanoptera including onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman), flower thrips (Frankliniella spp.), and other foliar feeding thrips; insect pests of the order Hymenoptera including ants of the Family Formicidae including the Florida carpenter ant (Camponotus floridanus Buckley), red carpenter ant (Camponotus ferrugineus Fabricius), black carpenter ant (Camponotus pennsylvanicus De Geer), white-footed ant (Technomyrmex albipes fr. Smith), big headed ants (Pheidole sp.), ghost ant (Tapinoma melanocephalum Fabricius); Pharaoh ant (Monomorium pharaonis Linnaeus), little fire ant (Wasmannia auropunctata Roger), fire ant (Solenopsis geminata Fabricius), red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren), Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr), crazy ant (Paratrechina longicornis Latreille), pavement ant (Tetramorium caespitum Linnaeus), cornfield ant (Lasius alienus Firster) and odorous house ant (Tapinoma sessile Say). Other Hymenoptera including bees (including carpenter bees), hornets, yellow jackets, wasps, and sawflies (Neodiprion spp.; Cephus spp.); insect pests of the order Isoptera including termites in the Termitidae (e.g., Macrotermes sp., Odontotermes obesus Rambur), Kalotermitidae (e.g., Cryptotermes sp.), and Rhinotermitidae (e.g., Reticulitermes sp., Coptotermes sp., Heterotermes tenuis Hagen) families, the eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar), western subterranean termite (Reticulitermes hesperus Banks), Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki), West Indian drywood termite (Incisitermes immigrans Snyder), powder post termite (Cryptotermes brevis Walker), drywood termite (Incisitermes snyderi Light), southeastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes virginicus Banks), western drywood termite (Incisitermes minor Hagen), arboreal termites such as Nasutitermes sp. and other termites of economic importance; insect pests of the order Thysanura such as silverfish (Lepisma saccharina Linnaeus) and firebrat (Thermobia domestica Packard); insect pests of the order Mallophaga and including the head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer), body louse (Pediculus humanus Linnaeus), chicken body louse (Menacanthus stramineus Nitszch), dog biting louse (Trichodectes canis De Geer), fluff louse (Goniocotes gallinae De Geer), sheep body louse (Bovicola ovis Schrank), short-nosed cattle louse (Haematopinus eurysternus Nitzsch), long-nosed cattle louse (Linognathus vituli Linnaeus) and other sucking and chewing parasitic lice that attack man and animals; insect pests of the order Siphonoptera including the oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild), cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis Bouche), dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis Curtis), hen flea (Ceratophyllus gallinae Schrank), sticktight flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea Westwood), human flea (Pulex irritans Linnaeus) and other fleas afflicting mammals and birds. Additional arthropod pests covered include: spiders in the order Araneae such as the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch & Mulaik) and the black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans Fabricius), and centipedes in the order Scutigeromorpha such as the house centipede (Scutigera coleoptrata Linnaeus). Compounds of the present invention also have activity on members of the Classes Nematoda, Cestoda, Trematoda, and Acanthocephala including economically important members of the orders Strongylida, Ascaridida, Oxyurida, Rhabditida, Spirurida, and Enoplida such as but not limited to economically important agricultural pests (i.e. root knot nematodes in the genus Meloidogyne, lesion nematodes in the genus Pratylenchus, stubby root nematodes in the genus Trichodorus, etc.) and animal and human health pests (i.e. all economically important flukes, tapeworms, and roundworms, such as Strongylus vulgaris in horses, Toxocara canis in dogs, Haemonchus contortus in sheep, Dirofilaria immitis Leidy in dogs, Anoplocephala perfoliata in horses, Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus in ruminants, etc.).
Compounds of the invention show particularly high activity against pests in the order Lepidoptera (e.g., Alabama argillacea Hübner (cotton leaf worm), Archips argyrospila Walker (fruit tree leaf roller), A. rosana Linnaeus (European leaf roller) and other Archips species, Chilo suppressalis Walker (rice stem borer), Cnaphalocrosis medinalis Guenee (rice leaf roller), Crambus caliginosellus Clemens (corn root webworm), Crambus teterrellus Zincken (bluegrass webworm), Cydia pomonella Linnaeus (codling moth), Earias insulana Boisduval (spiny bollworm), Earias vittella Fabricius (spotted bollworm), Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (American bollworm), Helicoverpa zea Boddie (corn earworm), Heliothis virescens Fabricius (tobacco budworm), Herpetogramma licarsisalis Walker (sod webworm), Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermüller (grape berry moth), Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (pink bollworm), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (citrus leafminer), Pieris brassicae Linnaeus (large white butterfly), Pieris rapae Linnaeus (small white butterfly), Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (diamondback moth), Spodoptera exigua Hubner (beet armyworm), Spodoptera litura Fabricius (tobacco cutworm, cluster caterpillar), Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (fall armyworm), Trichoplusia ni Hübner (cabbage looper) and Tuta absoluta Meyrick (tomato leafminer)).
Compounds of the invention also have significant activity on members from the order Homoptera including: Acyrthisiphon pisum Harris (pea aphid), Aphis craccivora Koch (cowpea aphid), Aphis fabae Scopoli (black bean aphid), Aphis gossypii Glover (cotton aphid, melon aphid), Aphis pomi De Geer (apple aphid), Aphis spiraecola Patch (spirea aphid), Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach (foxglove aphid), Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell (strawberry aphid), Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov/Mordvilko (Russian wheat aphid), Dysaphis plantaginea Paaserini (rosy apple aphid), Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann (woolly apple aphid), Hyalopterus pruni Geoffroy (mealy plum aphid), Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach (turnip aphid), Metopolophium dirrhodum Walker (cereal aphid), Macrosipum euphorbiae Thomas (potato aphid), Myzus persicae Sulzer (peach-potato aphid, green peach aphid), Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosley (lettuce aphid), Pemphigus spp. (root aphids and gall aphids), Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch (corn leaf aphid), Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus (bird cherry-oat aphid), Schizaphis graminum Rondani (greenbug), Sitobion avenae Fabricius (English grain aphid), Therioaphis maculata Buckton (spotted alfalfa aphid), Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe (black citrus aphid), and Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy (brown citrus aphid); Adelges spp. (adelgids); Phylloxera devastatrix Pergande (pecan phylloxera); Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (tobacco whitefly, sweetpotato whitefly), Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (silverleaf whitefly), Dialeurodes citri Ashmead (citrus whitefly) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (greenhouse whitefly); Empoasca fabae Harris (potato leafhopper), Laodelphax striatellus Fallen (smaller brown planthopper), Macrolestes quadrilineatus Forbes (aster leafhopper), Nephotettix cinticeps Uhler (green leafhopper), Nephotettix nigropictus Stål (rice leafhopper), Nilaparvata lugens Stål (brown planthopper), Peregrinus maidis Ashmead (corn planthopper), Sogatella furcifera Horvath (white-backed planthopper), Sogatodes orizicola Muir (rice delphacid), Typhlocyba pomaria McAtee white apple leafhopper, Erythroneoura spp. (grape leafhoppers); Magicidada septendecim Linnaeus (periodical cicada); Icerya purchasi Maskell (cottony cushion scale), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock (San Jose scale); Planococcus citri Risso (citrus mealybug); Pseudococcus spp. (other mealybug complex); Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster (pear psylla), Trioza diospyri Ashmead (persimmon psylla).
Compounds of this invention also have activity on members from the order Hemiptera including: Acrosternum hilare Say (green stink bug), Anasa tristis De Geer (squash bug), Blissus leucopterus leucopterus Say (chinch bug), Cimex lectularius Linnaeus (bed bug) Corythuca gossypii Fabricius (cotton lace bug), Cyrtopeltis modesta Distant (tomato bug), Dysdercus suturellus Herrich-Schäffer (cotton stainer), Euchistus servus Say (brown stink bug), Euchistus variolarius Palisot de Beauvois (one-spotted stink bug), Graptosthetus spp. (complex of seed bugs), Leptoglossus corculus Say (leaf-footed pine seed bug), Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois (tarnished plant bug), Nezara viridula Linnaeus (southern green stink bug), Oebalus pugnax Fabricius (rice stink bug), Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas (large milkweed bug), Pseudatomoscelis seriatus Reuter (cotton fleahopper). Other insect orders controlled by compounds of the invention include Thysanoptera (e.g., Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (western flower thrip), Scirthothrips citri Moulton (citrus thrip), Sericothrips variabilis Beach (soybean thrip), and Thrips tabaci Lindeman (onion thrip); and the order Coleoptera (e.g., Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Colorado potato beetle), Epilachna varivestis Mulsant (Mexican bean beetle) and wireworms of the genera Agriotes, Athous or Limonius).
Note that some contemporary classification systems place Homoptera as a suborder within the order Hemiptera.
Of note is use of compounds of this invention for controlling silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii). Of note is use of compounds of this invention for controlling western flower thrip (Frankliniella occidentalis). Of note is use of compounds of this invention for controlling potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae). Of note is use of compounds of this invention for controlling corn planthopper (Peregrinus maidis). Of note is use of compounds of this invention for controlling cotton melon aphid (Aphis gossypii). Of note is use of compounds of this invention for controlling green peach aphid (Myzus persicae). Of note is use of compounds of this invention for controlling diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). Of note is use of compounds of this invention for controlling fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).
Compounds of this invention can also be mixed with one or more other biologically active compounds or agents including insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, bactericides, acaricides, herbicides, growth regulators such as rooting stimulants, chemosterilants, semiochemicals, repellents, attractants, pheromones, feeding stimulants, other biologically active compounds or entomopathogenic bacteria, virus or fungi to form a multi-component pesticide giving an even broader spectrum of agronomic and nonagronomic utility. Thus the present invention also pertains to a composition comprising a biologically effective amount of a compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide or salt thereof, and an effective amount of at least one additional biologically active compound or agent and can further comprise at least one of a surfactant, a solid diluent or a liquid diluent. The other biologically active compounds or agents can be formulated in compositions comprising at least one of a surfactant, solid or liquid diluent. For mixtures of the present invention, the other biologically active compounds or agents can be formulated together with the present compounds, including the compounds of Formula 1, to form a premix, or the other biologically active compounds or agents can be formulated separately from the present compounds, including the compounds of Formula 1, and the two formulations combined together before application (e.g., in a spray tank) or, alternatively, applied in succession.
Other biologically active compounds or agents useful in the compositions of the present invention can be selected from invertebrate pest control agents having a different mode of action or a different chemical class sodium channel modulators, cholinesterase inhibitors, neonicotinoids, insecticidal macrocyclic lactones, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-regulated chloride channel blockers, chitin synthesis inhibitors, juvenile hormone mimics, octopamine receptor ligands, ecdysone agonists, ryanodine receptor ligands, nereistoxin analogs, mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors, lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, cyclodiene insecticides, molting inhibitors and biological agents including nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV), a member of Bacillus thuringiensis, an encapsulated delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis and a naturally occurring or a genetically modified viral insecticide.
Of note is a composition of the present invention wherein at least one additional biologically active compound or agent is selected from insecticides of the group consisting of sodium channel modulators, cholinesterase inhibitors, neonicotinoids, insecticidal macrocyclic lactones, GABA-regulated chloride channel blockers, chitin synthesis inhibitors, juvenile hormone mimics, octopamine receptor ligands, ecdysone agonists, ryanodine receptor ligands, nereistoxin analogs, mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors, lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, cyclodiene insecticides, molting inhibitors and biological agents including nucleopolyhedrovirus, a member of Bacillus thuringiensis, an encapsulated delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis and a naturally occurring or a genetically modified viral insecticide.
Of particular note are additional biologically active compounds or agents selected from insecticides of the group consisting of sodium channel modulators, cholinesterase inhibitors, neonicotinoids, insecticidal macrocyclic lactones, GABA-regulated chloride channel blockers, chitin synthesis inhibitors, juvenile hormone mimics, octopamine receptor ligands, ecdysone agonists, ryanodine receptor ligands, nereistoxin analogs, mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors, lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, cyclodiene insecticides, nucleopolyhedrovirus; a member of Bacillus thuringiensis, an encapsulated delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis; and a naturally occurring or a genetically modified viral insecticide.
Of further note are additional biologically active compounds or agents selected from insecticides of the group consisting of pyrethroids, carbamates, neonicotinoids, neuronal sodium channel blockers, insecticidal macrocyclic lactones, γ-aminobutyric acid antagonists, insecticidal ureas and juvenile hormone mimics, a member of Bacillus thuringiensis, a Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin, and a naturally occurring or a genetically modified viral insecticide.
Examples of such biologically active compounds or agents with which compounds of this invention can be formulated are: insecticides such as abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, acetoprole, amidoflumet (S-1955), avermectin, azadirachtin, azinphos-methyl, bifenthrin, bifenazate, buprofezin, bistrifluoron, buprofezin, carbofuran, cartap, chlorfenapyr, chlorfluazuron, chlorantraniliprole (DPX-E2Y45), chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chromafenozide, clothianidin, cyflumetofen, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, diazinon, dieldrin, diflubenzuron, dimefluthrin, dimethoate, dinotefuran, diofenolan, emamectin, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, ethiprole, fenothiocarb, fenoxycarb, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, fipronil, flonicamid, flubendiamide, flucythrinate, tau-fluvalinate, flufenerim (UR-50701), flufenoxuron, fonophos, halofenozide, hexaflumuron, hydramethylnon, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, isofenphos, lufenuron, malathion, metaflumizone, metaldehyde, methamidophos, methidathion, methomyl, methoprene, methoxychlor, metofluthrin, monocrotophos, methoxyfenozide, monocrotophos, nitenpyram, nithiazine, novaluron, noviflumuron (XDE-007), oxamyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, permethrin, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, pirimicarb, profenofos, profluthrin, protrifenbute, pymetrozine, pyrafluprole, pyrethrin, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, pyriprole, pyriproxyfen, rotenone, ryanodine, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen (BSN 2060), spirotetramat, sulprofos, tebufenozide, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, thiosultap-sodium, tolfenpyrad, tralomethrin, triazamate, trichlorfon and triflumuron; fungicides such as acibenzolar, aldimorph, amisulbrom, azaconazole, azoxystrobin, benalaxyl, benomyl, benthiavalicarb, benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, binomial, biphenyl, bitertanol, blasticidin-S, Bordeaux mixture (Tribasic copper sulfate), boscalid/nicobifen, bromuconazole, bupirimate, buthiobate, carboxin, carpropamid, captafol, captan, carbendazim, chloroneb, chlorothalonil, chlozolinate, clotrimazole, copper oxychloride, copper salts such as copper sulfate and copper hydroxide, cyazofamid, cyflunamid, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, dichlofluanid, diclocymet, diclomezine, dicloran, diethofencarb, difenoconazole, dimethomorph, dimoxystrobin, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dinocap, discostrobin, dithianon, dodemorph, dodine, econazole, etaconazole, edifenphos, epoxiconazole, ethaboxam, ethirimol, ethridiazole, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fencaramid, fenfuram, fenhexamide, fenoxanil, fenpiclonil, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fentin acetate, fentin hydroxide, ferbam, ferfurazoate, ferimzone, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flumetover, fluopicolide, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutolanil, flutriafol, folpet, fosetyl-aluminum, fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametapyr, hexaconazole, hymexazole, guazatine, imazalil, imibenconazole, iminoctadine, iodicarb, ipconazole, iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb, isoconazole, isoprothiolane, kasugamycin, kresoxim-methyl, mancozeb, mandipropamid, maneb, mapanipyrin, mefenoxam, mepronil, metalaxyl, metconazole, methasulfocarb, metiram, metominostrobin/fenominostrobin, mepanipyrim, metrafenone, miconazole, myclobutanil, neo-asozin (ferric methanearsonate), nuarimol, octhilinone, ofurace, orysastrobin, oxadixyl, oxolinic acid, oxpoconazole, oxycarboxin, paclobutrazol, penconazole, pencycuron, penthiopyrad, perfurazoate, phosphonic acid, phthalide, picobenzamid, picoxystrobin, polyoxin, probenazole, prochloraz, procymidone, propamocarb, propamocarb-hydrochloride, propiconazole, propineb, proquinazid, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, pryazophos, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil, pyrifenox, pyroInitrine, pyroquilon, quinconazole, quinoxyfen, quintozene, silthiofam, simeconazole, spiroxamine, streptomycin, sulfur, tebuconazole, techrazene, tecloftalam, tecnazene, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thifluzamide, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, tiadinil, tolclofos-methyl, tolyfluanid, triadimefon, triadimenol, triarimol, triazoxide, tridemorph, trimoprhamide tricyclazole, trifloxystrobin, triforine, triticonazole, uniconazole, validamycin, vinclozolin, zineb, ziram, and zoxamide; nematicides such as aldicarb, imicyafos, oxamyl and fenamiphos; bactericides such as streptomycin; acaricides such as amitraz, chinomethionat, chlorobenzilate, cyhexatin, dicofol, dienochlor, etoxazole, fenazaquin, fenbutatin oxide, fenpropathrin, fenpyroximate, hexythiazox, propargite, pyridaben and tebufenpyrad; and biological agents including entomopathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, and the encapsulated delta-endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis (e.g., Cellcap, MPV, MPVII); entomopathogenic fungi, such as green muscardine fungus; and entomopathogenic virus including baculovirus, nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) such as Helicoverpa zea nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzNPV), Anagrapha falcifera nucleopolyhedrovirus (AfNPV); and granulosis virus (GV) such as Cydia pomonella granulosis virus (CpGV).
Compounds of this invention and compositions thereof can be applied to plants genetically transformed to express proteins toxic to invertebrate pests (such as Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins). The effect of the exogenously applied invertebrate pest control compounds of this invention may be synergistic with the expressed toxin proteins.
General references for these agricultural protectants (i.e. insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, acaricides, herbicides and biological agents) include The Pesticide Manual, 13th Edition, C. D. S. Tomlin, Ed., British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey, U.K., 2003 and The BioPesticide Manual, 2^ndEdition, L. G. Copping, Ed., British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey, U.K., 2001.
Of note is a composition of the present invention wherein at least one additional biologically active compound or agent is selected from the group consisting of abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, acetoprole, aldicarb, amidoflumet, amitraz, avermectin, azadirachtin, azinphos-methyl, bifenthrin, bifenazate, bistrifluoron, buprofezin, carbofuran, cartap, chinomethionat, chlorfenapyr, chlorfluazuron, chlorantraniliprole, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorobenzilate, chromafenozide, clothianidin, cyflumetofen, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyhexatin, cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, diazinon, dicofol, dieldrin, dienochlor, diflubenzuron, dimefluthrin, dimethoate, dinotefuran, diofenolan, emamectin, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, ethiprole, etoxazole, fenamiphos, fenazaquin, fenbutatin oxide, fenothiocarb, fenoxycarb, fenpropathrin, fenpyroximate, fenvalerate, fipronil, flonicamid, flubendiamide, flucythrinate, tau-fluvalinate, flufenerim, flufenoxuron, fonophos, halofenozide, hexaflumuron, hexythiazox, hydramethylnon, imicyafos, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, isofenphos, lufenuron, malathion, metaflumizone, metaldehyde, methamidophos, methidathion, methomyl, methoprene, methoxychlor, methoxyfenozide, metofluthrin, monocrotophos, nitenpyram, nithiazine, novaluron, noviflumuron, oxamyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, permethrin, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, pirimicarb, profenofos, profluthrin, propargite, protrifenbute, pymetrozine, pyrafluprole, pyrethrin, pyridaben, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, pyriprole, pyriproxyfen, rotenone, ryanodine, spinetoram, spinosad, spiridiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, sulprofos, tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, thiosultap-sodium, tolfenpyrad, tralomethrin, triazamate, trichlorfon, triflumuron, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, nucleopolyhedrovirus, an encapsulated delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis, baculovirus, entomopathogenic bacteria, entomopathogenic virus and entomopathogenic fungi.
Also of note is a composition of the present invention wherein at least one additional biologically active compound or agent is selected from the group consisting of abamectin, acetamiprid, amitraz, avermectin, azadirachtin, bifenthrin, buprofezin, cartap, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, clothianidin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, dieldrin, dinotefuran, diofenolan, emamectin, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, ethiprole, fenothiocarb, fenoxycarb, fenvalerate, fipronil, flonicamid, flubendiamide, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, hydramethylnon, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, lufenuron, metaflumizone, methomyl, methoprene, methoxyfenozide, nitenpyram, nithiazine, novaluron, oxamyl, pymetrozine, pyrethrin, pyridaben, pyridalyl, pyriproxyfen, ryanodine, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, tebufenozide, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, thiosultap-sodium, tralomethrin, triazamate, triflumuron, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, nucleopolyhedrovirus and an encapsulated delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis.
For embodiments where one or more of these various mixing partners are used, the weight ratio of these various mixing partners (in total) to the compound of Formula 1 is typically between about 1:3000 and about 3000:1. Of note are weight ratios between about 1:300 and about 300:1 (for example ratios between about 1:30 and about 30:1). One skilled in the art can easily determine through simple experimentation the biologically effective amounts of active ingredients necessary for the desired spectrum of biological activity. It will be evident that including these additional components may expand the spectrum of invertebrate pests controlled beyond the spectrum controlled by the compound of Formula 1 alone.
In certain instances, combinations of a compound of this invention with other biologically active (particularly invertebrate pest control) compounds or agents (i.e. active ingredients) can result in a greater-than-additive (i.e. synergistic) effect. Reducing the quantity of active ingredients released in the environment while ensuring effective pest control is always desirable. When synergism of invertebrate pest control active ingredients occurs at application rates giving agronomically satisfactory levels of invertebrate pest control, such combinations can be advantageous for reducing crop production cost and decreasing environmental load.
Of note is a combination of a compound of Formula 1 with at least one other invertebrate pest control active ingredient. Of particular note is such a combination where the other invertebrate pest control active ingredient has different site of action from the compound of Formula 1. In certain instances, a combination with at least one other invertebrate pest control active ingredient having a similar spectrum of control but a different site of action will be particularly advantageous for resistance management. Thus, a composition of the present invention can further comprise a biologically effective amount of at least one additional invertebrate pest control active ingredient having a similar spectrum of control but a different site of action. Contacting a plant genetically modified to express an invertebrate pest compound (e.g., protein) or the locus of the plant with a biologically effective amount of a compound of this invention can also provide a broader spectrum of plant protection and be advantageous for resistance management.
Table A lists specific combinations of a compound of Formula 1 with other invertebrate pest control agents illustrative of the mixtures, compositions and methods of the present invention. The first column of Table A lists the specific invertebrate pest control agents (e.g., “Abamectin” in the first line). The second column of Table A lists the mode of action (if known) or chemical class of the invertebrate pest control agents. The third column of Table A lists embodiment(s) of ranges of weight ratios for rates at which the invertebrate pest control agent can be applied relative to a compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, (e.g., “50:1 to 1:50” of abamectin relative to a compound of Formula 1 by weight). Thus, for example, the first line of Table A specifically discloses the combination of a compound of Formula 1 with abamectin can be applied in a weight ratio between 50:1 to 1:50. The remaining lines of Table A are to be construed similarly. Of further note Table A lists specific combinations of a compound of Formula 1 with other invertebrate pest control agents illustrative of the mixtures, compositions and methods of the present invention and includes additional embodiments of weight ratio ranges for application rates.

TABLE A

Invertebrate Pest	Mode of Action or	Typical
Control Agent	Chemical Class	Weight Ratio

Abamectin	macrocyclic lactones	50:1 to 1:50
Acetamiprid	neonicotinoids	150:1 to 1:200
Amitraz	octopamine receptor ligands	200:1 to 1:100
Avermectin	macrocyclic lactones	50:1 to 1:50
Azadirachtin	ecdysone agonists	100:1 to 1:120
Beta-cyfluthrin	sodium channel modulators	150:1 to 1:200
Bifenthrin	sodium channel modulators	100:1 to 1:10
Buprofezin	chitin synthesis inhibitors	500:1 to 1:50
Cartap	nereistoxin analogs	100:1 to 1:200
Chlorantraniliprole	ryanodine receptor ligands	100:1 to 1:120
Chlorfenapyr	mitochondrial electron	300:1 to 1:200
	transport inhibitors
Chlorpyrifos	cholinesterase inhibitors	500:1 to 1:200
Clothianidin	neonicotinoids	100:1 to 1:400
Cyfluthrin	sodium channel modulators	150:1 to 1:200
Cyhalothrin	sodium channel modulators	150:1 to 1:200
Cypermethrin	sodium channel modulators	150:1 to 1:200
Cyromazine	chitin synthesis inhibitors	400:1 to 1:50
Deltamethrin	sodium channel modulators	50:1 to 1:400
Dieldrin	cyclodiene insecticides	200:1 to 1:100
Dinotefuran	neonicotinoids	150:1 to 1:200
Diofenolan	molting inhibitor	150:1 to 1:200
Emamectin	macrocyclic lactones	50:1 to 1:10
Endosulfan	cyclodiene insecticides	200:1 to 1:100
Esfenvalerate	sodium channel modulators	100:1 to 1:400
Ethiprole	GABA-regulated chloride	200:1 to 1:100
	channel blockers
Fenothiocarb		150:1 to 1:200
Fenoxycarb	juvenile hormone mimics	500:1 to 1:100
Fenvalerate	sodium channel modulators	150:1 to 1:200
Fipronil	GABA-regulated chloride	150:1 to 1:100
	channel blockers
Flonicamid		200:1 to 1:100
Flubendiamide	ryanodine receptor ligands	100:1 to 1:120
Flufenoxuron	chitin synthesis inhibitors	200:1 to 1:100
Hexaflumuron	chitin synthesis inhibitors	300:1 to 1:50
Hydramethylnon	mitochondrial electron	150:1 to 1:250
	transport inhibitors
Imidacloprid	neonicotinoids	1000:1 to 1:1000
Indoxacarb	sodium channel modulators	200:1 to 1:50
Lambda-cyhalothrin	sodium channel modulators	50:1 to 1:250
Lufenuron	chitin synthesis inhibitors	500:1 to 1:250
Metaflumizone		200:1 to 1:200
Methomyl	cholinesterase inhibitors	500:1 to 1:100
Methoprene	juvenile hormone mimics	500:1 to 1:100
Methoxyfenozide	ecdysone agonists	50:1 to 1:50
Nitenpyram	neonicotinoids	150:1 to 1:200
Nithiazine	neonicotinoids	150:1 to 1:200
Novaluron	chitin synthesis inhibitors	500:1 to 1:150
Oxamyl	cholinesterase inhibitors	200:1 to 1:200
Pymetrozine		200:1 to 1:100
Pyrethrin	sodium channel modulators	100:1 to 1:10
Pyridaben	mitochondrial electron	200:1 to 1:100
	transport inhibitors
Pyridalyl		200:1 to 1:100
Pyriproxyfen	juvenile hormone mimics	500:1 to 1:100
Ryanodine	ryanodine receptor ligands	100:1 to 1:120
Spinetoram	macrocyclic lactones	150:1 to 1:100
Spinosad	macrocyclic lactones	500:1 to 1:10
Spirodiclofen	lipid biosynthesis inhibitors	200:1 to 1:200
Spiromesifen	lipid biosynthesis inhibitors	200:1 to 1:200
Tebufenozide	ecdysone agonists	500:1 to 1:250
Thiacloprid	neonicotinoids	100:1 to 1:200
Thiamethoxam	neonicotinoids	1250:1 to 1:1000
Thiodicarb	cholinesterase inhibitors	500:1 to 1:400
Thiosultap-sodium		150:1 to 1:100
Tralomethrin	sodium channel modulators	150:1 to 1:200
Triazamate	cholinesterase inhibitors	250:1 to 1:100
Triflumuron	chitin synthesis inhibitors	200:1 to 1:100
Bacillus thuringiensis	biological agents	50:1 to 1:10
Bacillus thuringiensis	biological agents	50:1 to 1:10
delta-endotoxin
NPV (e.g., Gemstar)	biological agents	50:1 to 1:10

One embodiment of invertebrate pest control agents (e.g., insecticides and acaricides) for mixing with compounds of this invention include sodium channel modulators such as bifenthrin, cypermethrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, esfenvalerate, fenvalerate, indoxacarb, metofluthrin, profluthrin, pyrethrin and tralomethrin; cholinesterase inhibitors such as chlorpyrifos, methomyl, oxamyl, thiodicarb and triazamate; neonicotinoids such as acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, nithiazine, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam; insecticidal macrocyclic lactones such as spinetoram, spinosad, abamectin, avermectin and emamectin; GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-regulated chloride channel blockers such as endosulfan, ethiprole and fipronil; chitin synthesis inhibitors such as buprofezin, cyromazine, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron and triflumuron; juvenile hormone mimics such as diofenolan, fenoxycarb, methoprene and pyriproxyfen; octopamine receptor ligands such as amitraz; ecdysone agonists such as azadirachtin, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide; ryanodine receptor ligands such as ryanodine, anthranilic diamides such as chlorantraniliprole (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,747,047, PCT Publications WO 2003/015518 and WO 2004/067528) and flubendiamide (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,603,044); nereistoxin analogs such as cartap; mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors such as chlorfenapyr, hydramethylnon and pyridaben; lipid biosynthesis inhibitors such as spirodiclofen and spiromesifen; cyclodiene insecticides such as dieldrin; cyflumetofen; fenothiocarb; flonicamid; metaflumizone; pyrafluprole; pyridalyl; pyriprole; pymetrozine; spirotetramat; and thiosultap-sodium. One embodiment of biological agents for mixing with compounds of this invention include nucleopolyhedrovirus such as HzNPV and AfNPV; Bacillus thuringiensis and encapsulated delta-endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis such as Cellcap, MPV and MPVII; as well as naturally occurring and genetically modified viral insecticides including members of the family Baculoviridae as well as entomophagous fungi. Of note is the composition of the present invention wherein the at least one additional biologically active compound or agent is selected from the Invertebrate Pest Control Agents listed in Table A above. Also of note is the composition of the present invention wherein the at least one additional biologically active compound or agent is selected from the group consisting of cypermethrin, cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, esfenvalerate, fenvalerate, tralomethrin, fenothiocarb, methomyl, oxamyl, thiodicarb, acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, indoxacarb, spinosad, abamectin, avermectin, emamectin, endosulfan, ethiprole, fipronil, flufenoxuron, triflumuron, diofenolan, pyriproxyfen, pymetrozine, amitraz, Bacillus thuringiensis aisawai, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxin and entomophagous fungi.
The weight ratios of a compound, including a compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide or a salt thereof, to the additional invertebrate pest control agent typically are between 1000:1 and 1:1000, with one embodiment being between 500:1 and 1:500, another embodiment being between 250:1 and 1:200 and another embodiment being between 100:1 and 1:50.
Listed below in Table B are embodiments of specific compositions comprising a compound of Formula 1 (compound numbers refer to compounds in Index Tables A-C) and an additional invertebrate pest control agent.

TABLE B

Mixture	Comp.		Invertebrate Pest	Mixture	Comp.		Invertebrate Pest
No.	No.	and	Control Agent	No.	No.	and	Control Agent

A-1	1	and	Abamectin	B-1	2	and	Abamectin
A-2	1	and	Acetamiprid	B-2	2	and	Acetamiprid
A-3	1	and	Amitraz	B-3	2	and	Amitraz
A-4	1	and	Avermectin	B-4	2	and	Avermectin
A-5	1	and	Azadirachtin	B-5	2	and	Azadirachtin
A-6	1	and	Beta-cyfluthrin	B-6	2	and	Beta-cyfluthrin
A-7	1	and	Bifenthrin	B-7	2	and	Bifenthrin
A-8	1	and	Buprofezin	B-8	2	and	Buprofezin
A-9	1	and	Cartap	B-9	2	and	Cartap
A-10	1	and	Chlorantraniliprole	B-10	2	and	Chlorantraniliprole
A-11	1	and	Chlorfenapyr	B-11	2	and	Chlorfenapyr
A-12	1	and	Chlorpyrifos	B-12	2	and	Chlorpyrifos
A-13	1	and	Clothianidin	B-13	2	and	Clothianidin
A-14	1	and	Cyfluthrin	B-14	2	and	Cyfluthrin
A-15	1	and	Cyhalothrin	B-15	2	and	Cyhalothrin
A-16	1	and	Cypermethrin	B-16	2	and	Cypermethrin
A-17	1	and	Cyromazine	B-17	2	and	Cyromazine
A-18	1	and	Deltamethrin	B-18	2	and	Deltamethrin
A-19	1	and	Dieldrin	B-19	2	and	Dieldrin
A-20	1	and	Dinotefuran	B-20	2	and	Dinotefuran
A-21	1	and	Diofenolan	B-21	2	and	Diofenolan
A-22	1	and	Emamectin	B-22	2	and	Emamectin
A-23	1	and	Endosulfan	B-23	2	and	Endosulfan
A-24	1	and	Esfenvalerate	B-24	2	and	Esfenvalerate
A-25	1	and	Ethiprole	B-25	2	and	Ethiprole
A-26	1	and	Fenothiocarb	B-26	2	and	Fenothiocarb
A-27	1	and	Fenoxycarb	B-27	2	and	Fenoxycarb
A-28	1	and	Fenvalerate	B-28	2	and	Fenvalerate
A-29	1	and	Fipronil	B-29	2	and	Fipronil
A-30	1	and	Flonicamid	B-30	2	and	Flonicamid
A-31	1	and	Flubendiamide	B-31	2	and	Flubendiamide
A-32	1	and	Flufenoxuron	B-32	2	and	Flufenoxuron
A-33	1	and	Hexaflumuron	B-33	2	and	Hexaflumuron
A-34	1	and	Hydramethylnon	B-34	2	and	Hydramethylnon
A-35	1	and	Imidacloprid	B-35	2	and	Imidacloprid
A-36	1	and	Indoxacarb	B-36	2	and	Indoxacarb
A-37	1	and	Lambda-cyhalothrin	B-37	2	and	Lambda-cyhalothrin
A-38	1	and	Lufenuron	B-38	2	and	Lufenuron
A-39	1	and	Metaflumizone	B-39	2	and	Metaflumizone
A-40	1	and	Methomyl	B-40	2	and	Methomyl
A-41	1	and	Methoprene	B-41	2	and	Methoprene
A-42	1	and	Methoxyfenozide	B-42	2	and	Methoxyfenozide
A-43	1	and	Nitenpyram	B-43	2	and	Nitenpyram
A-44	1	and	Nithiazine	B-44	2	and	Nithiazine
A-45	1	and	Novaluron	B-45	2	and	Novaluron
A-46	1	and	Oxamyl	B-46	2	and	Oxamyl
A-47	1	and	Pymetrozine	B-47	2	and	Pymetrozine
A-48	1	and	Pyrethrin	B-48	2	and	Pyrethrin
A-49	1	and	Pyridaben	B-49	2	and	Pyridaben
A-50	1	and	Pyridalyl	B-50	2	and	Pyridalyl
A-51	1	and	Pyriproxyfen	B-51	2	and	Pyriproxyfen
A-52	1	and	Ryanodine	B-52	2	and	Ryanodine
A-53	1	and	Spinetoram	B-53	2	and	Spinetoram
A-54	1	and	Spinosad	B-54	2	and	Spinosad
A-55	1	and	Spirodiclofen	B-55	2	and	Spirodiclofen
A-56	1	and	Spiromesifen	B-56	2	and	Spiromesifen
A-57	1	and	Tebufenozide	B-57	2	and	Tebufenozide
A-58	1	and	Thiacloprid	B-58	2	and	Thiacloprid
A-59	1	and	Thiamethoxam	B-59	2	and	Thiamethoxam
A-60	1	and	Thiodicarb	B-60	2	and	Thiodicarb
A-61	1	and	Thiosultap-sodium	B-61	2	and	Thiosultap-sodium
A-62	1	and	Tralomethrin	B-62	2	and	Tralomethrin
A-63	1	and	Triazamate	B-63	2	and	Triazamate
A-64	1	and	Triflumuron	B-64	2	and	Triflumuron
A-65	1	and	Bacillus thuringiensis	B-65	2	and	Bacillus thuringiensis
A-66	1	and	Bacillus thuringiensis	B-66	2	and	Bacillus thuringiensis
			delta-endotoxin				delta-endotoxin
A-67	1	and	NPV (e.g., Gemstar)	B-67	2	and	NPV (e.g., Gemstar)
C-1	101	and	Abamectin	D-1	104	and	Abamectin
C-2	101	and	Acetamiprid	D-2	104	and	Acetamiprid
C-3	101	and	Amitraz	D-3	104	and	Amitraz
C-4	101	and	Avermectin	D-4	104	and	Avermectin
C-5	101	and	Azadirachtin	D-5	104	and	Azadirachtin
C-6	101	and	Beta-cyfluthrin	D-6	104	and	Beta-cyfluthrin
C-7	101	and	Bifenthrin	D-7	104	and	Bifenthrin
C-8	101	and	Buprofezin	D-8	104	and	Buprofezin
C-9	101	and	Cartap	D-9	104	and	Cartap
C-10	101	and	Chlorantraniliprole	D-10	104	and	Chlorantraniliprole
C-11	101	and	Chlorfenapyr	D-11	104	and	Chlorfenapyr
C-12	101	and	Chlorpyrifos	D-12	104	and	Chlorpyrifos
C-13	101	and	Clothianidin	D-13	104	and	Clothianidin
C-14	101	and	Cyfluthrin	D-14	104	and	Cyfluthrin
C-15	101	and	Cyhalothrin	D-15	104	and	Cyhalothrin
C-16	101	and	Cypermethrin	D-16	104	and	Cypermethrin
C-17	101	and	Cyromazine	D-17	104	and	Cyromazine
C-18	101	and	Deltamethrin	D-18	104	and	Deltamethrin
C-19	101	and	Dieldrin	D-19	104	and	Dieldrin
C-20	101	and	Dinotefuran	D-20	104	and	Dinotefuran
C-21	101	and	Diofenolan	D-21	104	and	Diofenolan
C-22	101	and	Emamectin	D-22	104	and	Emamectin
C-23	101	and	Endosulfan	D-23	104	and	Endosulfan
C-24	101	and	Esfenvalerate	D-24	104	and	Esfenvalerate
C-25	101	and	Ethiprole	D-25	104	and	Ethiprole
C-26	101	and	Fenothiocarb	D-26	104	and	Fenothiocarb
C-27	101	and	Fenoxycarb	D-27	104	and	Fenoxycarb
C-28	101	and	Fenvalerate	D-28	104	and	Fenvalerate
C-29	101	and	Fipronil	D-29	104	and	Fipronil
C-30	101	and	Flonicamid	D-30	104	and	Flonicamid
C-31	101	and	Flubendiamide	D-31	104	and	Flubendiamide
C-32	101	and	Flufenoxuron	D-32	104	and	Flufenoxuron
C-33	101	and	Hexaflumuron	D-33	104	and	Hexaflumuron
C-34	101	and	Hydramethylnon	D-34	104	and	Hydramethylnon
C-35	101	and	Imidacloprid	D-35	104	and	Imidacloprid
C-36	101	and	Indoxacarb	D-36	104	and	Indoxacarb
C-37	101	and	Lambda-cyhalothrin	D-37	104	and	Lambda-cyhalothrin
C-38	101	and	Lufenuron	D-38	104	and	Lufenuron
C-39	101	and	Metaflumizone	D-39	104	and	Metaflumizone
C-40	101	and	Methomyl	D-40	104	and	Methomyl
C-41	101	and	Methoprene	D-41	104	and	Methoprene
C-42	101	and	Methoxyfenozide	D-42	104	and	Methoxyfenozide
C-43	101	and	Nitenpyram	D-43	104	and	Nitenpyram
C-44	101	and	Nithiazine	D-44	104	and	Nithiazine
C-45	101	and	Novaluron	D-45	104	and	Novaluron
C-46	101	and	Oxamyl	D-46	104	and	Oxamyl
C-47	101	and	Pymetrozine	D-47	104	and	Pymetrozine
C-48	101	and	Pyrethrin	D-48	104	and	Pyrethrin
C-49	101	and	Pyridaben	D-49	104	and	Pyridaben
C-50	101	and	Pyridalyl	D-50	104	and	Pyridalyl
C-51	101	and	Pyriproxyfen	D-51	104	and	Pyriproxyfen
C-52	101	and	Ryanodine	D-52	104	and	Ryanodine
C-53	101	and	Spinetoram	D-53	104	and	Spinetoram
C-54	101	and	Spinosad	D-54	104	and	Spinosad
C-55	101	and	Spirodiclofen	D-55	104	and	Spirodiclofen
C-56	101	and	Spiromesifen	D-56	104	and	Spiromesifen
C-57	101	and	Tebufenozide	D-57	104	and	Tebufenozide
C-58	101	and	Thiacloprid	D-58	104	and	Thiacloprid
C-59	101	and	Thiamethoxam	D-59	104	and	Thiamethoxam
C-60	101	and	Thiodicarb	D-60	104	and	Thiodicarb
C-61	101	and	Thiosultap-sodium	D-61	104	and	Thiosultap-sodium
C-62	101	and	Tralomethrin	D-62	104	and	Tralomethrin
C-63	101	and	Triazamate	D-63	104	and	Triazamate
C-64	101	and	Triflumuron	D-64	104	and	Triflumuron
C-65	101	and	Bacillus thuringiensis	D-65	104	and	Bacillus thuringiensis
C-66	101	and	Bacillus thuringiensis	D-66	104	and	Bacillus thuringiensis
			delta-endotoxin				delta-endotoxin
C-67	101	and	NPV (e.g., Gemstar)	D-67	104	and	NPV (e.g., Gemstar)
E-1	8	and	Abamectin	F-1	10	and	Abamectin
E-2	8	and	Acetamiprid	F-2	10	and	Acetamiprid
E-3	8	and	Amitraz	F-3	10	and	Amitraz
E-4	8	and	Avermectin	F-4	10	and	Avermectin
E-5	8	and	Azadirachtin	F-5	10	and	Azadirachtin
E-6	8	and	Beta-cyfluthrin	F-6	10	and	Beta-cyfluthrin
E-7	8	and	Bifenthrin	F-7	10	and	Bifenthrin
E-8	8	and	Buprofezin	F-8	10	and	Buprofezin
E-9	8	and	Cartap	F-9	10	and	Cartap
E-10	8	and	Chlorantraniliprole	F-10	10	and	Chlorantraniliprole
E-11	8	and	Chlorfenapyr	F-11	10	and	Chlorfenapyr
E-12	8	and	Chlorpyrifos	F-12	10	and	Chlorpyrifos
E-13	8	and	Clothianidin	F-13	10	and	Clothianidin
E-14	8	and	Cyfluthrin	F-14	10	and	Cyfluthrin
E-15	8	and	Cyhalothrin	F-15	10	and	Cyhalothrin
E-16	8	and	Cypermethrin	F-16	10	and	Cypermethrin
E-17	8	and	Cyromazine	F-17	10	and	Cyromazine
E-18	8	and	Deltamethrin	F-18	10	and	Deltamethrin
E-19	8	and	Dieldrin	F-19	10	and	Dieldrin
E-20	8	and	Dinotefuran	F-20	10	and	Dinotefuran
E-21	8	and	Diofenolan	F-21	10	and	Diofenolan
E-22	8	and	Emamectin	F-22	10	and	Emamectin
E-23	8	and	Endosulfan	F-23	10	and	Endosulfan
E-24	8	and	Esfenvalerate	F-24	10	and	Esfenvalerate
E-25	8	and	Ethiprole	F-25	10	and	Ethiprole
E-26	8	and	Fenothiocarb	F-26	10	and	Fenothiocarb
E-27	8	and	Fenoxycarb	F-27	10	and	Fenoxycarb
E-28	8	and	Fenvalerate	F-28	10	and	Fenvalerate
E-29	8	and	Fipronil	F-29	10	and	Fipronil
E-30	8	and	Flonicamid	F-30	10	and	Flonicamid
E-31	8	and	Flubendiamide	F-31	10	and	Flubendiamide
E-32	8	and	Flufenoxuron	F-32	10	and	Flufenoxuron
E-33	8	and	Hexaflumuron	F-33	10	and	Hexaflumuron
E-34	8	and	Hydramethylnon	F-34	10	and	Hydramethylnon
E-35	8	and	Imidacloprid	F-35	10	and	Imidacloprid
E-36	8	and	Indoxacarb	F-36	10	and	Indoxacarb
E-37	8	and	Lambda-cyhalothrin	F-37	10	and	Lambda-cyhalothrin
E-38	8	and	Lufenuron	F-38	10	and	Lufenuron
E-39	8	and	Metaflumizone	F-39	10	and	Metaflumizone
E-40	8	and	Methomyl	F-40	10	and	Methomyl
E-41	8	and	Methoprene	F-41	10	and	Methoprene
E-42	8	and	Methoxyfenozide	F-42	10	and	Methoxyfenozide
E-43	8	and	Nitenpyram	F-43	10	and	Nitenpyram
E-44	8	and	Nithiazine	F-44	10	and	Nithiazine
E-45	8	and	Novaluron	F-45	10	and	Novaluron
E-46	8	and	Oxamyl	F-46	10	and	Oxamyl
E-47	8	and	Pymetrozine	F-47	10	and	Pymetrozine
E-48	8	and	Pyrethrin	F-48	10	and	Pyrethrin
E-49	8	and	Pyridaben	F-49	10	and	Pyridaben
E-50	8	and	Pyridalyl	F-50	10	and	Pyridalyl
E-51	8	and	Pyriproxyfen	F-51	10	and	Pyriproxyfen
E-52	8	and	Ryanodine	F-52	10	and	Ryanodine
E-53	8	and	Spinetoram	F-53	10	and	Spinetoram
E-54	8	and	Spinosad	F-54	10	and	Spinosad
E-55	8	and	Spirodiclofen	F-55	10	and	Spirodiclofen
E-56	8	and	Spiromesifen	F-56	10	and	Spiromesifen
E-57	8	and	Tebufenozide	F-57	10	and	Tebufenozide
E-58	8	and	Thiacloprid	F-58	10	and	Thiacloprid
E-59	8	and	Thiamethoxam	F-59	10	and	Thiamethoxam
E-60	8	and	Thiodicarb	F-60	10	and	Thiodicarb
E-61	8	and	Thiosultap-sodium	F-61	10	and	Thiosultap-sodium
E-62	8	and	Tralomethrin	F-62	10	and	Tralomethrin
E-63	8	and	Triazamate	F-63	10	and	Triazamate
E-64	8	and	Triflumuron	F-64	10	and	Triflumuron
E-65	8	and	Bacillus thuringiensis	F-65	10	and	Bacillus thuringiensis
E-66	8	and	Bacillus thuringiensis	F-66	10	and	Bacillus thuringiensis
			delta-endotoxin				delta-endotoxin
E-67	8	and	NPV (e.g., Gemstar)	F-67	10	and	NPV (e.g., Gemstar)
G-1	41	and	Abamectin	H-1	51	and	Abamectin
G-2	41	and	Acetamiprid	H-2	51	and	Acetamiprid
G-3	41	and	Amitraz	H-3	51	and	Amitraz
G-4	41	and	Avermectin	H-4	51	and	Avermectin
G-5	41	and	Azadirachtin	H-5	51	and	Azadirachtin
G-6	41	and	Beta-cyfluthrin	H-6	51	and	Beta-cyfluthrin
G-7	41	and	Bifenthrin	H-7	51	and	Bifenthrin
G-8	41	and	Buprofezin	H-8	51	and	Buprofezin
G-9	41	and	Cartap	H-9	51	and	Cartap
G-10	41	and	Chlorantraniliprole	H-10	51	and	Chlorantraniliprole
G-11	41	and	Chlorfenapyr	H-11	51	and	Chlorfenapyr
G-12	41	and	Chlorpyrifos	H-12	51	and	Chlorpyrifos
G-13	41	and	Clothianidin	H-13	51	and	Clothianidin
G-14	41	and	Cyfluthrin	H-14	51	and	Cyfluthrin
G-15	41	and	Cyhalothrin	H-15	51	and	Cyhalothrin
G-16	41	and	Cypermethrin	H-16	51	and	Cypermethrin
G-17	41	and	Cyromazine	H-17	51	and	Cyromazine
G-18	41	and	Deltamethrin	H-18	51	and	Deltamethrin
G-19	41	and	Dieldrin	H-19	51	and	Dieldrin
G-20	41	and	Dinotefuran	H-20	51	and	Dinotefuran
G-21	41	and	Diofenolan	H-21	51	and	Diofenolan
G-22	41	and	Emamectin	H-22	51	and	Emamectin
G-23	41	and	Endosulfan	H-23	51	and	Endosulfan
C-24	41	and	Esfenvalerate	H-24	51	and	Esfenvalerate
G-25	41	and	Ethiprole	D-25	51	and	Ethiprole
G-26	41	and	Fenothiocarb	H-26	51	and	Fenothiocarb
C-27	41	and	Fenoxycarb	D-27	51	and	Fenoxycarb
G-28	41	and	Fenvalerate	H-28	51	and	Fenvalerate
G-29	41	and	Fipronil	H-29	51	and	Fipronil
G-30	41	and	Flonicamid	H-30	51	and	Flonicamid
G-31	41	and	Flubendiamide	H-31	51	and	Flubendiamide
G-32	41	and	Flufenoxuron	H-32	51	and	Flufenoxuron
G-33	41	and	Hexaflumuron	H-33	51	and	Hexaflumuron
G-34	41	and	Hydramethylnon	H-34	51	and	Hydramethylnon
G-35	41	and	Imidacloprid	H-35	51	and	Imidacloprid
G-36	41	and	Indoxacarb	H-36	51	and	Indoxacarb
G-37	41	and	Lambda-cyhalothrin	H-37	51	and	Lambda-cyhalothrin
G-38	41	and	Lufenuron	H-38	51	and	Lufenuron
G-39	41	and	Metaflumizone	H-39	51	and	Metaflumizone
G-40	41	and	Methomyl	H-40	51	and	Methomyl
G-41	41	and	Methoprene	H-41	51	and	Methoprene
G-42	41	and	Methoxyfenozide	H-42	51	and	Methoxyfenozide
G-43	41	and	Nitenpyram	H-43	51	and	Nitenpyram
G-44	41	and	Nithiazine	H-44	51	and	Nithiazine
G-45	41	and	Novaluron	H-45	51	and	Novaluron
G-46	41	and	Oxamyl	H-46	51	and	Oxamyl
G-47	41	and	Pymetrozine	H-47	51	and	Pymetrozine
G-48	41	and	Pyrethrin	H-48	51	and	Pyrethrin
G-49	41	and	Pyridaben	H-49	51	and	Pyridaben
G-50	41	and	Pyridalyl	H-50	51	and	Pyridalyl
G-51	41	and	Pyriproxyfen	H-51	51	and	Pyriproxyfen
G-52	41	and	Ryanodine	H-52	51	and	Ryanodine
G-53	41	and	Spinetoram	H-53	51	and	Spinetoram
G-54	41	and	Spinosad	H-54	51	and	Spinosad
G-55	41	and	Spirodiclofen	H-55	51	and	Spirodiclofen
G-56	41	and	Spiromesifen	H-56	51	and	Spiromesifen
G-57	41	and	Tebufenozide	H-57	51	and	Tebufenozide
G-58	41	and	Thiacloprid	H-58	51	and	Thiacloprid
G-59	41	and	Thiamethoxam	H-59	51	and	Thiamethoxam
G-60	41	and	Thiodicarb	H-60	51	and	Thiodicarb
G-61	41	and	Thiosultap-sodium	H-61	51	and	Thiosultap-sodium
G-62	41	and	Tralomethrin	H-62	51	and	Tralomethrin
G-63	41	and	Triazamate	H-63	51	and	Triazamate
G-64	41	and	Triflumuron	H-64	51	and	Triflumuron
G-65	41	and	Bacillus thuringiensis	H-65	51	and	Bacillus thuringiensis
G-66	41	and	Bacillus thuringiensis	H-66	51	and	Bacillus thuringiensis
			delta-endotoxin				delta-endotoxin
G-67	41	and	NPV (e.g., Gemstar)	H-67	51	and	NPV (e.g., Gemstar)

The specific mixtures listed in Table B typically combine a compound of Formula 1 with the other invertebrate pest agent in the ratios specified in Table A.
Invertebrate pests are controlled in agronomic and nonagronomic applications by applying one or more compounds of this invention, typically in the form of a composition, in a biologically effective amount, to the environment of the pests, including the agronomic and/or nonagronomic locus of infestation, to the area to be protected, or directly on the pests to be controlled.
Thus the present invention comprises a method for controlling an invertebrate pest in agronomic and/or nonagronomic applications, comprising contacting the invertebrate pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of one or more of the compounds of the invention, or with a composition comprising at least one such compound or a composition comprising at least one such compound and a biologically effective amount of at least one additional biologically active compound or agent. Examples of suitable compositions comprising a compound of the invention and a biologically effective amount of at least one additional biologically active compound or agent include granular compositions wherein the additional active compound is present on the same granule as the compound of the invention or on granules separate from those of the compound of the invention.
To achieve contact with a compound or composition of the invention to protect a field crop from invertebrate pests, the compound or composition is typically applied to the seed of the crop before planting, to the foliage (e.g., leaves, stems, flowers, fruits) of crop plants, or to the soil or other growth medium before or after the crop is planted.
One embodiment of a method of contact is by spraying. Alternatively, a granular composition comprising a compound of the invention can be applied to the plant foliage or the soil. Compounds of this invention can also be effectively delivered through plant uptake by contacting the plant with a composition comprising a compound of this invention applied as a soil drench of a liquid formulation, a granular formulation to the soil, a nursery box treatment or a dip of transplants. Of note is a composition of the present invention in the form of a soil drench liquid formulation. Also of note is a method for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising contacting the invertebrate pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a compound of the present invention or with a composition comprising a biologically effective amount of a compound of the present invention. Of further note is this method wherein the environment is soil and the composition is applied to the soil as a soil drench formulation. Of further note is that compounds of this invention are also effective by localized application to the locus of infestation. Other methods of contact include application of a compound or a composition of the invention by direct and residual sprays, aerial sprays, gels, seed coatings, microencapsulations, systemic uptake, baits, ear tags, boluses, foggers, fumigants, aerosols, dusts and many others. One embodiment of a method of contact is a dimensionally stable fertilizer granule, stick or tablet comprising a compound or composition of the invention. The compounds of this invention can also be impregnated into materials for fabricating invertebrate control devices (e.g., insect netting).
Compounds of this invention are also useful in seed treatments for protecting seeds from invertebrate pests. In the context of the present disclosure and claims, treating a seed means contacting the seed with a biologically effective amount of a compound of this invention, which is typically formulated as a composition of the invention. This seed treatment protects the seed from invertebrate soil pests and generally can also protect roots and other plant parts in contact with the soil of the seedling developing from the germinating seed. The seed treatment may also provide protection of foliage by translocation of the compound of this invention or a second active ingredient within the developing plant. Seed treatments can be applied to all types of seeds, including those from which plants genetically transformed to express specialized traits will germinate. Representative examples include those expressing proteins toxic to invertebrate pests, such as Bacillus thuringiensis toxin or those expressing herbicide resistance such as glyphosate acetyltransferase, which provides resistance to glyphosate.
One method of seed treatment is by spraying or dusting the seed with a compound of the invention (i.e. as a formulated composition) before sowing the seeds. Compositions formulated for seed treatment generally comprise a film former or adhesive agent. Therefore typically a seed coating composition of the present invention comprises a biologically effective amount of a compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide or salt thereof, and a film former or adhesive agent. Seed can be coated by spraying a flowable suspension concentrate directly into a tumbling bed of seeds and then drying the seeds. Alternatively, other formulation types such as wetted powders, solutions, suspoemulsions, emulsifiable concentrates and emulsions in water can be sprayed on the seed. This process is particularly useful for applying film coatings on seeds. Various coating machines and processes are available to one skilled in the art. Suitable processes include those listed in P. Kosters et al., Seed Treatment Progress and Prospects, 1994 BCPC Mongraph No. 57, and references listed therein.
The treated seed typically comprises a compound of the present invention in an amount from about 0.1 g to 1 kg per 100 kg of seed (i.e. from about 0.0001 to 1% by weight of the seed before treatment). A flowable suspension formulated for seed treatment typically comprises from about 0.5 to about 70% of the active ingredient, from about 0.5 to about 30% of a film-forming adhesive, from about 0.5 to about 20% of a dispersing agent, from 0 to about 5% of a thickener, from 0 to about 5% of a pigment and/or dye, from 0 to about 2% of an antifoaming agent, from 0 to about 1% of a preservative, and from 0 to about 75% of a volatile liquid diluent.
The compounds of this invention can be incorporated into a bait composition that is consumed by an invertebrate pest or used within a device such as a trap, bait station, and the like. Such a bait composition can be in the form of granules which comprise (a) active ingredients, namely a biologically effective amount of a compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide, or salt thereof; (b) one or more food materials; optionally (c) an attractant, and optionally (d) one or more humectants. Of note are granules or bait compositions which comprise between about 0.001-5% active ingredients, about 40-99% food material and/or attractant; and optionally about 0.05-10% humectants, which are effective in controlling soil invertebrate pests at very low application rates, particularly at doses of active ingredient that are lethal by ingestion rather than by direct contact. Some food materials can function both as a food source and an attractant. Food materials include carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Examples of food materials are vegetable flour, sugar, starches, animal fat, vegetable oil, yeast extracts and milk solids. Examples of attractants are odorants and flavorants, such as fruit or plant extracts, perfume, or other animal or plant component, pheromones or other agents known to attract a target invertebrate pest. Examples of humectants, i.e. moisture retaining agents, are glycols and other polyols, glycerine and sorbitol. Of note is a bait composition (and a method utilizing such a bait composition) used to control at least one invertebrate pest selected from the group consisting of ants, termites and cockroaches. A device for controlling an invertebrate pest can comprise the present bait composition and a housing adapted to receive the bait composition, wherein the housing has at least one opening sized to permit the invertebrate pest to pass through the opening so the invertebrate pest can gain access to the bait composition from a location outside the housing, and wherein the housing is further adapted to be placed in or near a locus of potential or known activity for the invertebrate pest.
The compounds of this invention can be applied without other adjuvants, but most often application will be of a formulation comprising one or more active ingredients with suitable carriers, diluents, and surfactants and possibly in combination with a food depending on the contemplated end use. One method of application involves spraying a water dispersion or refined oil solution of a compound of the present invention. Combinations with spray oils, spray oil concentrations, spreader stickers, adjuvants, other solvents, and synergists such as piperonyl butoxide often enhance compound efficacy. For nonagronomic uses such sprays can be applied from spray containers such as a can, a bottle or other container, either by means of a pump or by releasing it from a pressurized container, e.g., a pressurized aerosol spray can. Such spray compositions can take various forms, for example, sprays, mists, foams, fumes or fog. Such spray compositions thus can further comprise propellants, foaming agents, etc. as the case may be. Of note is a spray composition comprising a biologically effective amount of a compound or a composition of the present invention and a carrier. One embodiment of such a spray composition comprises a biologically effective amount of a compound or a composition of the present invention and a propellant. Representative propellants include, but are not limited to, methane, ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, butene, pentane, isopentane, neopentane, pentene, hydrofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, dimethyl ether, and mixtures of the foregoing. Of note is a spray composition (and a method utilizing such a spray composition dispensed from a spray container) used to control at least one invertebrate pest selected from the group consisting of mosquitoes, black flies, stable flies, deer flies, horse flies, wasps, yellow jackets, hornets, ticks, spiders, ants, gnats, and the like, including individually or in combinations.
Nonagronomic applications include protecting an animal, particularly a vertebrate, more particularly a homeothermic vertebrate (e.g., mammal or bird) and most particularly a mammal, from an invertebrate parasitic pest by administering a parasiticidally effective (i.e. biologically effective) amount of a compound of the invention, typically in the form of a composition formulated for veterinary use, to the animal to be protected. Therefore of note is a method for protecting an animal comprising administering to the animal a parasiticidally effective amount of a compound of the invention. As referred to in the present disclosure and claims, the terms “parasiticidal” and “parasiticidally” refers to observable effects on an invertebrate parasite pest to provide protection of an animal from the pest. Parasiticidal effects typically relate to diminishing the occurrence or activity of the target invertebrate parasitic pest. Such effects on the pest include necrosis, death, retarded growth, diminished mobility or lessened ability to remain on or in the host animal, reduced feeding and inhibition of reproduction. These effects on invertebrate parasite pests provide control (including prevention, reduction or elimination) of parasitic infestation or infection of the animal. Examples of invertebrate parasitic pests controlled by administering a parasiticidally effective amount of a compound of the invention to an animal to be protected include ectoparasites (arthropods, acarines, etc) and endoparasites (helminths, e.g., nematodes, trematodes, cestodes, acanthocephalans, etc.). In particular, the compounds of this invention are effective against ectoparasites including: flies such as Haematobia (Lyperosia) irritans (horn fly), Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly), Simulium spp. (blackfly), Glossina spp. (tsetse flies), Hydrotaea irritans (head fly), Musca autumnalis (face fly), Musca domestica (house fly), Morellia simplex (sweat fly), Tabanus spp. (horese fly), Hypoderma bovis, Hypoderma lineatum, Lucilia sericata, Lucilia Cuprina (green blowfly), Calliphora spp. (blowfly), Protophormia spp., Oestrus ovis (nasal botfly), Culicoides spp. (midges), Hippobosca equine, Gastrophilus instestinalis, Gastrophilus haemorrhoidalis and Gastrophilus naslis; lices such as Bovicola (Damalinia) bovis, Bovicola equi, Haematopinus asini, Felicola subrostratus, Heterodoxus spiniger, Lignonathus setosus and Trichodectes canis; keds such as Melophagus ovinus; mites such as Psoroptes spp., Sarcoptes scabei, Chorioptes bovis, Demodex equi, Cheyletiella spp., Notoedres cati, Trombicula spp. and Otodectes cyanotis (ear mites); ticks such as Ixodes spp., Boophilus spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Amblyomma spp., Dermacentor spp., Hyalomma spp. and Haemaphysalis spp.; fleas such as Ctenocephalidesfelis (cat flea) and Ctenocephalides canis (dog flea).
Nonagronomic applications in the veterinary sector are by conventional means such as by enteral administration in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, drinks, drenching preparations, granulates, pastes, boli, feed-through procedures, suppositories; or by parenteral administration, such as by injection (including intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal), implants; by nasal administration; by topical administration, for example, in the form of immersion or dipping, spraying, washing, coating with powder, or application to a small area of the animal, and through articles such as neck collars, ear tags, tail bands, limb bands or halters which comprise compounds or compositions of the present invention.
Typically a parasiticidal composition according to the present invention comprises a mixture of a compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide or a salt thereof, with one or more pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable carriers comprising excipients and auxiliaries selected with regard to the intended route of administration (e.g., oral, topical or parenteral administration such as injection) and in accordance with standard practice. In addition, a suitable carrier is selected on the basis of compatibility with the one or more active ingredients in the composition, including such considerations as stability relative to pH and moisture content. Therefore of note is a composition for protecting an animal from an invertebrate parasitic pest comprising a parasitically effective amount of a compound of the invention and at least one carrier.
For parenteral administration including intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous injection, a compound of the present invention can be formulated in suspension, solution or emulsion in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain adjuncts such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents. Pharmaceutical compositions for injection include aqueous solutions of water-soluble forms of active ingredients (e.g., a salt of an active compound), preferably in physiologically compatible buffers containing other excipients or auxiliaries as are known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation.
For oral administration including solutions (the most readily available form for absorption), emulsions, suspensions, pastes, gels, capsules, tablets, boluses powders, granules, rumen-retention and feed/water/lick blocks, a compound of the present invention can be formulated with binders/fillers known in the art to be suitable for oral administration compositions, such as sugars (e.g., lactose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol), starch (e.g., maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato starch), cellulose and derivatives (e.g., methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, ethylhydroxycellulose), protein derivatives (e.g., zein, gelatin), and synthetic polymers (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone). If desired, lubricants (e.g., magnesium stearate), disintegrating agents (e.g., cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidinone, agar, alginic acid) and dyes or pigments can be added. Pastes and gels often also contain adhesives (e.g., acacia, alginic acid, bentonite, cellulose, xanthangum, colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate) to aid in keeping the composition in contact with the oral cavity and not being easily ejected.
If the parasiticidal compositions are in the form of feed concentrates, the carrier is typically selected from high-performance feed, feed cereals or protein concentrates. Such feed concentrate-containing compositions can, in addition to the parasiticidal active ingredients, comprise additives promoting animal health or growth, improving quality of meat from animals for slaughter or otherwise useful to animal husbandry. These additives can include, for example, vitamins, antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, bacteriostats, fungistats, coccidiostats and hormones.
Compounds of the present invention have been discovered to have favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties providing systemic availability from oral administration and ingestion. Therefore after ingestion by the animal to be protected, parasiticidally effective concentrations of compounds of the invention in the bloodstream protect the treated animal from blood-sucking pests such as fleas, ticks and lice. Therefore of note is a composition for protecting an animal from an invertebrate parasite pest in a form for oral administration (i.e. comprising, in addition to a parasiticidally effective amount of a compound of the invention, one or more carriers selected from binders and fillers suitable for oral administration and feed concentrate carriers).
Formulations for topical administration are typically in the form of a powder, cream, suspension, spray, emulsion, foam, paste, aerosol, ointment, salve or gel. More typically a topical formulation is a water-soluble solution, which can be in the form of a concentrate that is diluted before use. Parasiticidal compositions suitable for topical administration typically comprise a compound of the present invention and one or more topically suitable carriers. In applications of a parasiticidal composition topically to the exterior of an animal as a line or spot (i.e. “spot-on” treatment), the active ingredient is expected to migrate over the surface of the active to cover most or all of its external surface area. As a result, the treated animal is particularly protected from invertebrate pests that feed off the epidermis of the animal such as ticks, fleas and lice. Therefore formulations for topical localized administration often comprise at least one organic solvent to facilitate transport of the active ingredient over the skin and/or penetration into the epidermis of the animal. Solvents commonly used as carriers in such formulations include propylene glycol, paraffins, aromatics, esters such as isopropyl myristate, glycol ethers, and alcohols such as ethanol and n-propanol.
The rate of application required for effective control (i.e. “biologically effective amount”) will depend on such factors as the species of invertebrate to be controlled, the pest's life cycle, life stage, its size, location, time of year, host crop or animal, feeding behavior, mating behavior, ambient moisture, temperature, and the like. Under normal circumstances, application rates of about 0.01 to 2 kg of active ingredients per hectare are sufficient to control pests in agronomic ecosystems, but as little as 0.0001 kg/hectare may be sufficient or as much as 8 kg/hectare may be required. For nonagronomic applications, effective use rates will range from about 1.0 to 50 mg/square meter but as little as 0.1 mg/square meter may be sufficient or as much as 150 mg/square meter may be required. One skilled in the art can easily determine the biologically effective amount necessary for the desired level of invertebrate pest control.
In general for veterinary use, a compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide or a salt thereof, is administered in a parasiticidally effective amount to an animal to be protected from invertebrate parasite pests. A parasiticidally effective amount is the amount of active ingredient needed to achieve an observable effect diminishing the occurrence or activity of the target invertebrate parasite pest. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the parasitically effective dose can vary for the various compounds and compositions of the present invention, the desired parasitical effect and duration, the target invertebrate pest species, the animal to be protected, the mode of application and the like, and the amount needed to achieve a particular result can be determined through simple experimentation.
For oral administration to homeothermic animals, the daily dosage of a compound of the present invention typically ranges from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg, more typically from about 0.5 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg, of animal body weight. For topical (e.g., dermal) administration, dips and sprays typically contain from about 0.5 ppm to about 5000 ppm, more typically from about 1 ppm to about 3000 ppm, of a compound of the present invention.
The following abbreviations are used in the Index Tables A-C which follow: i is iso, t is tert, c is cyclo, Me is methyl, Et is ethyl, c-Pr is cyclopropyl and t-Bu is tert-butyl. Naphthyl means naphthalenyl. (R) or (S) denotes the absolute chirality of the asymmetric carbon center. The abbreviation “Ex.” stands for “Example” and is followed by a number indicating in which example the compound is prepared. In Index Table A, (R²)_mrefers to the combination of (R²)_nwith instances of CR²for B¹, B²and B³.

INDEX TABLE A

wherein m is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

Com-					m.p.
pound	W	(R²)_m	R⁴	R⁵	(° C.)

1	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂CF₃	**
(Ex. 1)		5-Cl
2	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂-2-pyridinyl	**
(Ex. 2)		5-Cl
3	O	H	H	CH₂CF₃	*
4	O	H	H	CH₂-2-pyridinyl	*
5	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂-phenyl	*
		5-Cl
6	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂-3-pyridinyl	*
		5-Cl
7	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂-4-pyridinyl	*
		5-Cl
8	S	3-Cl,	H	CH₂-2-pyridinyl	**
(Ex. 3)		5-Cl
9	O	3-Cl,	Me	Et	*
		5-Cl
10	O	3-Cl,	H	Et	*
		5-Cl
11	O	3-Cl,	CO₂Me	CH₂-2-pyridinyl	*
		5-Cl
12	O	3-Cl,	H	Me	*
		5-Cl
13	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂CH₂N(CH₃)₂	*
		5-Cl
14	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂CH₂N(CH₃)₂•HCl	*
		5-Cl
15	O	3-Cl,	H	(R)-H(CH₃)-phenyl	*
		5-Cl
16	O	3-Cl,	H	CH(CH₃)₂	*
		5-Cl
17	O	3-Cl,	H	(S)-H(CH₃)-phenyl	*
		5-Cl
18	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂CH═CH₂	*
		5-Cl
19	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂C≡CH	*
		5-Cl
20	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂-c-Pr	*
		5-Cl
21	O	3-Cl,	H	CH(CH₃)-2-pyridinyl	*
		5-Cl
22	O	3-Me,	H	CH₂-2-pyridinyl	*
		5-Me
23	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂-2-pyridinyl	*
		4-Cl
24	O	3-F,	H	CH₂-2-pyridinyl	*
		5-F
25	O	3-Cl	H	CH₂-2-pyridinyl	*
26	O	3-Br,	H	CH₂-2-pyridinyl	*
		5-Br
27	O	3-Cl,	H	(R)-H(CH₃)-2-naphthyl	*
		5-Cl
28	O	3-Cl,	H	(R)-H(CH₃)-(4-NO₂-phenyl)	*
		5-Cl
29	O	3-Cl,	H	(S)-H(CO₂CH₃)-phenyl	*
		5-Cl
30	O	3-Cl,	H	(R)-H(CH₃)-(4-Cl-phenyl)	*
		5-Cl
31	O	3-Cl,	H	(R)-H(CH₃)-(4-F-phenyl)	*
		5-Cl
32	O	3-Cl,	H	(R)-H(CH₃)CH₂CH₃	*
		5-Cl
33	O	3-Cl,	H	CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃	*
		5-Cl
34	O	3-Cl,	H	(R)-H(CH₃)-t-Bu	*
		5-Cl
35	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂CH₂OH	*
		5-Cl
36	O	3-Cl,	H	H	*
		5-Cl
37	O	3-Cl,		—CH₂CH₂N(CH₃)CH₂CH₂—	*
		5-Cl

38	O	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H		*

39	O	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H		*

40	O	3-Cl, 5-Cl	H		*

41	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂CH₂OCH₃	*
		5-Cl
42	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂CO₂Et	*
		5-Cl
43	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂CO₂H	*
		5-Cl
44	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂CO₂Na	*
		5-Cl
45	O	3-Cl,	H	NHC(═O)Me	*
		5-Cl
46	O	3-Cl,	H	NH-phenyl	*
		5-Cl
47	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂CH₂NH₂	*
		5-Cl
48	O	3-Cl,	H	(S)-H(Me)CO₂Me	*
		5-Cl
49	O	3-Cl,	H	(S)-H(i-Pr)CO₂Me	*
		5-Cl
50	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂(CH₂)₅NH₂	*
		5-Cl
51	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂CONHCH₂CF₃	*
		5-Cl
52	O	3-Cl,	H	CH₂CN	*
		5-Cl
53	O	3-Cl,	H	NH-2-pyridinyl	*
		5-Cl

*See Index Table D for ¹H NMR data.
**See Examples for ¹H NMR data.

INDEX TABLE B

Com-										m.p.
pound	W	A¹	A²	A³	A⁴	A⁵	A⁶	R⁴	R⁵	(° C.)

101	O	N	CH	CH	CH	CH	CH	H	CH₂-2-pyridinyl	*
102	O	CH	N	CH	CH	CH	CH	H	CH₂-2-pyridinyl	*
103	O	CH	CH	N	CH	CH	CH	H	CH₂-2-pyridinyl	**
(Ex. 4)
104	O	CH	CH	CH	N	CH	CH	H	CH₂-2-pyridinyl	**
(Ex. 5)
105	O	CH	CH	CH	CH	N	CH	H	CH₂-2-pyridinyl	*
106	O	CH	CH	CH	CH	CH	N	H	CH₂-2-pyridinyl	*
107	O	CH	CH	CH	CH	CH	N	H	CH₂CF₃	*
108	S	CH	CH	CH	CH	CH	N	H	CH₂-2-pyridinyl	*
109	S	CH	CH	CH	CH	CH	N	H	CH₂CF₃	*
110	O	CH	CCH₃	CH	CH	CH	CH	H	CH₂-2-pyridinyl	*
111	O	CH	CCH₃	CH	CH	CH	CH	H	CH₂CF₃	*

*See Index Table D for ¹H NMR data.
**See Examples for ¹H NMR data.

INDEX TABLE C

Compound	B¹	B²	B³	(R²)_n	R⁴	R⁵	m.p. (° C.)

201	C—Cl	N	CH	H	H	CH₂CF₃	*
202	C—Cl	N	CH	H	H	CH₂-2-pyridinyl	*

*See Index Table D for ¹H NMR data.

INDEX TABLE D

Compd. No.	¹H NMR Data (CDCl₃solution unless indicated otherwise)^a

3	δ 8.67 (d, 1H), 8.06 (d, 1H), 7.66-7.45 (m, 7H), 7.39 (d, 1H), 7.29 (d, 1H), 6.78 (br s 1H), 4.19
	(d, 1H), 4.15 (m, 2H), 3.88 (d, 1H).
4	δ 8.82 (d, 1H), 8.50 (d, 1H), 8.35 (d, 1H), 7.71-7.44 (m, 11H), 7.35 (d, 1H), 7.20 (dd, 1H),
	4.83 (d, 2H), 4.25 (d, 1H), 3.95 (d, 1H).
5	δ 8.78 (d, 1H), 8.27 (d, 1H), 7.64-7.30 (m, 12H), 6.40 (br t 1H), 4.71 (d, 2H), 4.22 (d, 1H),
	3.86 (d, 1H).
6	δ 8.72 (d, 1H), 8.53 (d, 1H), 8.49 (dd, 1H), 8.18 (d, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H), 7.60-7.52 (m, 4H), 7.45
	(m, 2H), 7.36 (d, 1H), 7.27 (m, 1H), 6.93 (br t, 1H), 4.66 (d, 2H), 4.21 (d, 1H), 3.86 (d, 1H).
7	δ 8.72 (d, 1H), 8.50 (d, 2H), 8.19 (d, 1H), 7.61-7.54 (m, 4H), 7.47 (m, 2H), 7.37 (d, 1H), 7.23
	(d, 2H), 7.02 (br t, 1H), 4.66 (d, 2H), 4.22 (d, 1H), 3.86 (d, 1H).
9	δ 8.88 (m, 1H), 7.83 (m, 1H), 7.66-7.40 (m, 7H), 4.27 (d, 1H), 3.92 (d, 1H), 3.80-3.66 and 3.09
	(m, 2H), 3.22 and 2.74 (s, 3H), 1.01 and 1.36 (t, 3H).
10	δ 8.78 (d, 1H), 8.25 (d, 1H), 7.64-7.42 (m, 7H), 6.08 (br s, 1H), 4.24 (d, 1H), 3.88 (d, 1H), 3.58
	(m, 2H), 1.31 (t, 3H).
11	δ 8.92 (d, 1H), 8.63 (d, 1H), 8.17 (d, 1H), 7.74-7.53 (m, 7H), 7.45 (t, 1H), 7.35 (d, 1H), 7.23
	(dd, 1H), 5.33 (s, 2H), 4.29 (d, 1H), 3.92 (d, 1H), 3.43 (s, 3H).
12	δ 8.77 (d, 1H), 8.21 (d, 1H), 7.63-7.55 (m, 5H), 7.44 (d, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 6.18 (br s, 1H), 4.23
	(d, 1H), 3.87 (d, 1H), 3.07 (d, 3H).
13	δ 8.78 (d, 1H), 8.27 (d, 1H), 7.39-7.62 (m, H), 6.77 (br s, 1H), 4.22 (d, 1H), 3.88 (d, 1H), 3.58
	(q, 2H), 2.53 (t, 2H), 2.25 (s, 6H).
15	δ 8.63 (dd, 1H), 8.00 (dd, 1H), 7.56 (s, 2H), 7.47-7.16 (m, 9H), 6.78 (dd, 1H), 5.34 (m, 1H),
	4.14 (dd, 1H), 3.80 (dd, 1H), 1.60 (d, 3H).
16	δ 8.80 (d, 1H), 8.25 (d, 1H), 7.66-7.45 (m, 7H), 5.87 (d, 1H), 4.41 (m, 1H), 4.24 (d, 1H), 3.88
	(d, 1H), 1.33 (d, 6H).
17	δ 8.77 (d, 1H), 8.19 (dd, 1H), 7.63-7.30 (m, 12H), 6.30 (d, 1H), 5.44 (m, 1H), 4.22 (d, 1H),
	3.86 (d, 1H), 1.67 (d, 1H).
18	δ 8.80 (d, 1H), 8.27 (d, 1H), 7.67-7.45 (m, 7H), 6.15 (br t, 1H), 5.99 (m, 1H), 5.31 (d, 1H),
	5.24 (d, 1H), 4.25 (d, 1H), 4.17 (m, 2H), 3.88 (d, 1H).
19	δ 8.77 (d, 1H), 8.24 (d, 1H), 7.64-7.56 (m, 4H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.46 (dd, 1H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 6.38
	(br t, 1H), 4.33 (dd, 2H), 4.23 (d, 1H), 3.87 (d, 1H), 2.32 (t, 1H).
20	δ 8.82 (d, 1H), 8.29 (d, 1H), 7.67-7.45 (m, 7H), 6.14 (br s, 1H), 4.26 (d, 1H), 3.90 (d, 1H), 3.42
	(dd, 2H), 1.12 (m, 1H), 0.59 (m, 2H), 0.32 (m, 2H).
21	δ 8.82 (d, 1H), 8.50 (d, 1H), 8.34 (d, 1H), 7.72 (dt, 1H), 7.67-7.57 (m, 6H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.45
	(dd, 1H), 7.34 (d, 1H), 7.21 (dd, 1H), 5.45 (m, 1H), 4.26 (d, 1H), 3.90 (d, 1H), 1.66 (d, 3H).
22	δ 8.85 (d, 1H), 8.51 (d, 1H), 8.36 (d, 1H), 7.72-7.57 (m, 4H), 7.51 (d, 1H), 7.45 (br t, 1H), 7.36
	(d, 1H), 7.25 (s, 2H), 7.21 (dd, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 4.85 (d, 1H), 4.22 (d, 1H), 3.94 (d, 1H), 2.38 (s, 6H).
23	δ 8.81 (d, 1H), 8.51 (d, 1H), 8.37 (d, 1H), 7.78-7.46 (m, 9H), 7.36 (d, 1H), 7.22 (dd, 1H), 4.85
	(d, 2H), 4.26 (d, 1H), 3.90 (d, 1H).
24	δ 8.83 (d, 1H), 8.52 (d, 1H), 8.39 (d, 1H), 7.74-7.22 (m, H), 6.91 (dt, 1H), 4.87 (d, 2H), 4.27
	(d, 1H), 3.90 (d, 1H).
25	δ 8.83 (d, 1H), 8.51 (d, 1H), 8.37 (d, 1H), 7.73-7.41 (m, 10H), 7.37 (d, 1H), 7.22 (dd, 1H),
	4.86 (d, 2H), 4.26 (d, 1H), 3.92 (d, 1H).
26	δ 8.82 (d, 1H), 8.52 (d, 1H), 8.38 (d, 1H), 7.76 (s, 2H), 7.74-7.59 (m, H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 7.44 (br
	t, 1H), 7.37 (d, 1H), 7.23 (dd, 1H), 4.87 (d, 2H), 4.26 (d, 1H), 3.90 (d, 1H).
27	δ 8.76 (d, 1H), 8.19 (dd, 1H), 7.87-7.36 (m, 14H), 6.46 (d, 1H), 5.59 (m, 1H), 4.20 (d, 1H),
	3.84 (d, 1H), 1.73 (d, 3H).
28	δ 8.77 (d, 1H), 8.23 (d, 2H), 8.14 (dd, 1H), 7.66-7.44 (m, 9H), 6.45 (d, 1H), 5.47 (m, 1H), 4.24
	(d, 1H), 3.88 (d, 1H), 1.66 (d, 3H).
29	δ 8.80 (d, 1H), 8.28 (d, 1H), 7.66-7.37 (m, H), 6.99 (d, 1H), 5.87 (d, 1H), 4.24 (d, 1H), 3.88 (d,
	1H), 3.80 (s, 3H).
30	δ 8.76 (d, 1H), 8.14 (dd, 1H), 7.63-7.35 (m, 11H), 6.35 (d, 1H), 5.38 (m, 1H), 4.21 (d, 1H),
	3.85 (d, 1H), 1.62 (d, 3H).
31	δ 8.76 (d, 1H), 8.16 (dd, 1H), 7.64-7.38 (m, 9H), 7.07(d, 1H), 7.05 (d, 1H), 6.30 (d, 1H), 5.41
	(m, 1H), 4.22 (d, 1H), 3.86 (d, 1H), 1.64 (d, 3H).
32	δ 8.81 (d, 1H), 8.26 (d, 1H), 7.67-7.45 (m, 7H), 5.78 (d, 1H), 4.26 (d, 1H), 4.25 (m, 1H), 3.88
	(d, 1H), 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.30 (d, 3H), 1.04 (t, 3H).
33	δ 8.81 (d, 1H), 8.26 (d, 1H), 7.67-7.45 (m, 7H), 5.78 (d, 1H), 4.26 (d, 1H), 4.25 (m, 1H), 3.88
	(d, 1H), 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.30 (d, 3H), 1.04 (t, 3H).
34	δ 8.80 (d, 1H), 8.26 (d, 1H), 7.68-7.46 (m, 7H), 5.80 (d, 1H), 4.26 (d, 1H), 4.23 (m, 1H), 3.88
	(d, 1H), 1.24 (d, 3H), 1.01 (s, 9H).
35	δ 8.65 (d, 1H), 8.08 (d, 1H), 7.55 (s, 2H), 7.52-7.44 (m, 7H), 7.27 (d, 1H), 7.19 (d, 1H), 6.93
	(br t, 1H), 4.16 (d, 1H), 3.81 (d, 1H), 3.73 (s, br, 2H), 3.53 (m, 2H), 3.27 (br s, 1H).
36	δ 8.75 (d, 1H), 8.30 (d, 1H), 7.63-7.35 (m, 7H), 6.69 (br s, 1H), 6.32 (br s, 1H), 4.22 (d, 1H),
	3.86 (d, 1H).
38	δ 8.79 (m, 1H), 8.34 (d, 1H), 7.64-7.12 (m, 11H), 6.29 (dd, 1H), 5.50 (m, 1H), 4.22 (d, 1H),
	3.87 (d, 1H), 2.82 (m, 2H), 2.24 (m, 1H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.91 (m, 2H).
39	δ 8.80 (d, 1H), 8.34 (d, 1H), 7.65-7.25 (m, H), 6.28 (d, 1H), 5.79 (q, 1H), 4.24 (d, 1H), 3.87 (d,
	1H), 3.92-3.07 (m, 2H), 2.77 (m, 1H), 1.99 (m, 1H).
40	δ 8.81 (d, 1H), 8.37 (d, 1H), 7.67-7.26 (m, H), 6.26 (d, 1H), 5.80 (q, 1H), 4.24 (d, 1H), 3.88 (d,
	1H), 3.09-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.79 (m, 1H), 1.99 (m, 1H).
41	δ 8.82 (d, 1H), 8.30 (d, 1H), 7.67-7.46 (m, 7H), 6.40 (br t, 1H), 4.25 (d, 1H), 3.89 (d, 1H), 3.75
	(q, 2H), 3.63 (dd, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H).
42	δ 8.84 (d, 1H), 8.37 (d, 1H), 7.67-7.46 (m, 7H), 6.53 (br t, 1H), 4.33 (d, 2H), 4.29 (q, 2H), 4.26
	(d, 1H), 3.90 (d, 1H), 1.34 (t, 3H).
43	DMSO-d₆: δ 9.02 (t, 1H), 8.81 (d, 1H), 8.37 (d, 1H), 7.92 (d, 1H), 7.83 (t, 1H), 7.74-7.65 (m,
	5H), 4.58 (d, 1H), 4.54 (d, 1H), 4.02 (d, 2H).
44	DMSO- d₆: δ 8.86 (d, 1H), 8.50 (d, 1H), 7.96-7.67 (m, 8H), 4.61 (apparent s, 2H), 3.64 (d, 2H).
45	DMSO- d₆δ 10.44 (s, 1H), 10.10 (s, 1H), 8.86 (d, 1H), 8.46 (d, 1H), 7.98 (d, 1H), 7.90 (t, 1H),
	7.76 (m, 5H), 4.63 (d, 1H), 4.59 (d, 1H), 2.04 (s, 3H).
46	δ 10.45 (s, 1H), 8.80 (d, 1H), 8.24 (d, 1H), 7.95 (d, 1H), 7.85-7.63 (m, 7H), 7.22 (t, 2H), 6.90
	(d, 2H), 6.78 (t, 1H), 4.57 (apparent s, 2H).
47	δ 8.83 (d, 1H), 8.33 (d, 1H), 7.69-7.46 (m, 9H), 6.54 (br s, 1H), 4.27 (d, 1H), 3.90 (d, 1H), 3.61
	(q, 2H), 3.02 (t, 3H).
48	δ 8.83 (d, 1H), 8.35 (d, 1H), 7.68-7.46 (m, 7H), 6.54 (d, 1H), 4.91 (m, 1H), 4.26 (d, 1H), 3.90
	(d, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 1.60 (d, 3H).
49	δ 8.84 (d, 1H), 8.34 (d, 1H), 7.70-7.46 (m, 7H), 6.46 (d, 1H), 4.91 (dd, 1H), 4.26 (d, 1H), 3.90
	(d, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 2.36 (m, 1H), 1.10 (d, 3H), 0.99 (d, 3H).
50	DMSO- d₆δ 8.79 (d, 1H), 8.71 (t, 1H), 8.19 (d, 1H), 8.08 (br s, 2H), 7.90 (d, 1H), 7.84 (dd,
	1H), 7.73-7.66 (m, 4H), 7.62 (d, 1H), 4.54 (apparent s, 2H), 3.35 (m, 2H), 2.76 (m, 2H), 1.60
	(m, 4H), 1.39 (m, 4H).
51	δ 8.82 (d, 1H), 8.26 (d, 1H), 7.67-7.46 (m, 7H), 7.09(m, 2H), 4.28 (d, 2H), 4.25 (d, 1H), 3.96
	(m, 2H), 3.88 (d, 1H).
52	δ 8.79 (d, 1H), 8.23 (d, 1H), 7.68-7.46 (m, 7H), 6.53 (br t, 1H), 4.46 (d, 2H), 4.26 (d, 1H), 3.89 (d, 1H).
53	δ 8.83 (d, 1H), 8.42 (d, 1H), 8.18 (d, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H), 7.70-7.55 (m, 7H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.46
	(dd, 1H), 6.84 (dd, 1H), 6.80 (d, 1H), 4.26 (d, 1H), 3.90 (d, 1H).
101	δ 9.24 (d, 1H), 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.52 (d, 1H), 8.45 (d, 1H), 7.82-7.70 (m, 3H), 7.64 (br s, 1H), 7.58
	(s, 2H), 7.44 (t, 1H), 7.37 (d, 1H), 7.24 (dd, 1H), 4.87 (d, 2H).
102	δ 9.63 (d, 1H), 9.04 (br t, 1H), 8.93 (d, 1H), 8.60 (d, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 7.86 (dd, 1H), 7.74 (dd,
	1H), 7.69 (dd, 1H), 7.57 (s, 2H), 7.46 (dd, 1H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 7.23 (dd, 1H), 4.85 (d, 2H), 4.31
	(d, 1H), 3.94 (d, 1H).
105	δ 10.17 (s, 1H), 8.64 (d, 1H), 8.53 (d, 1H), 8.22 (d, 1H), 7.90 (d, 1H), 7.73 (dt, 1H), 7.68 (br t,
	1H), 7.59 (d, 1H), 7.56 (s, 2H), 7.46 (t, 1H), 7.37 (d, 1H), 7.24 (dd, 1H), 4.85 (d, 2H), 4.27 (d,
	1H), 3.92 (d, 1H).
106	δ 8.95 (dd, 1H), 8.88 (dd, 1H), 8.55 (d, 1H), 8.26 (d, 1H), 7.83 (d, 1H), 7.72 (dt, 1H), 7.60-
	7.50 (m, 4H), 7.43 (t, 1H), 7.36 (d, 1H), 7.24 (dd, 1H), 4.85 (d, 2H), 4.72 (d, 1H), 4.42 (d, 1H).
107	δ 8.89 (dd, 1H), 8.61 (d, 1H), 7.99 (d, 1H), 7.59 (d, 1H), 7.55 (s, 2H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 6.89 (br t,
	1H), 4.68 (d, 1H), 4.32 (d, 1H), 4.18 (m, 2H)
108	δ 9.41 (br s, 1H), 8.91 (dd, 1H), 8.70 (dd, 1H), 8.46 (d, 1H), 8.21 (d, 1H), 7.75 (dt, 1H), 7.64
	(d, 1H), 7.57 (s, 2H), 7.47 (dd, 1H), 7.43 (t, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.24 (dd, 1H), 5.14 (d, 2H), 4.68
	(d, 1H), 4.39 (d, 1H).
109	δ 8.88 (d, 1H), 8.47 (dd, 1H), 8.12 (br s, 1H), 7.97 (d, 1H), 7.53 (s, 2H), 7.47 (m, 3H), 4.74 (m,
	2H), 4.59 (d, 1H), 4.25 (d, 1H).
110	δ 8.75 (d, 1H), 8.42 (d, 1H), 7.86 (d, 1H), 7.68 (dt, 1H), 7.57 (s, 2H), 7.55-7.35 (m, 5H), 7.31
	(s, 1H), 7.18 (dd, 1H), 4.82 (d, 2H), 4.25 (d, 1H), 3.90 (d, 1H), 2.44 (s, 3H).
111	δ 8.59 (d, 1H), 7.58 (s, 2H), 7.54 (d, 1H), 7.47 (t, 1H), 7.36-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 6.80 (br
	t, 1H), 4.20 (d, 1H), 4.08 (m, 2H), 3.86 (d, 1H), 2.23 (s, 3H).
201	δ 8.71 (d, 1H), 8.48 (m, 1H), 8.13 (d, 1H), 7.55-7.64 (m, 3H), 7.49 (d, 1H), 7.44 (d, 1H), 7.35
	(dd, 1H), 6.74 (t, 1H), 4.24 (d, 1H), 4.17 (m, 2H), 3.83 (d, 1H).
202	δ 8.79 (d, 1H), 8.50 (m, 2H), 8.35 (d, 1H), 7.50-7.72 (m, 7H), 7.47 (d, 1H), 7.36 (d, 1H), 7.22
	(dd, 1H), 4.83 (d, 2H), 4.28 (d, 1H), 3.89 (d, 1H).

^a1H NMR data are in ppm downfield from tetramethylsilane. Couplings are designated by (s)—singlet, (d)—doublet, (t)—triplet, (q)—quartet, (m)—multiplet, (dd)—doublet of doublets, (dt)—doublet of triplets, (br s)—broad singlet, (br t)—broad triplet.

BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES OF THE INVENTION

The following Tests demonstrate the control efficacy of compounds of this invention on specific pests. “Control efficacy” represents inhibition of invertebrate pest development (including mortality) that causes significantly reduced feeding. The pest control protection afforded by the compounds is not limited, however, to these species. See Index Tables A-C for compound descriptions.

TEST A

For evaluating control of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) the test unit consisted of a small open container with a 12-14-day-old radish plant inside. This was pre-infested with about 50 neonate larvae that were dispensed into the test unit via corn cob grits using a bazooka inoculator. The larvae moved onto the test plant after being dispensed into the test unit.
Test compounds were formulated using a solution containing 10% acetone, 90% water and 300 ppm X-77™ Spreader Lo-Foam Formula non-ionic surfactant containing alkylarylpolyoxyethylene, free fatty acids, glycols and isopropanol (Loveland Industries, Inc. Greeley, Colo., USA). The formulated compounds were applied in 1 mL of liquid through a SUJ2 atomizer nozzle with ⅛ JJ custom body (Spraying Systems Co. Wheaton, Ill., USA) positioned 1.27 cm (0.5 inches) above the top of each test unit. All experimental compounds in these tests were sprayed at 250 and/or 50 ppm, and the test was replicated three times. After spraying of the formulated test compound, each test unit was allowed to dry for 1 h and then a black, screened cap was placed on top. The test units were held for 6 days in a growth chamber at 25° C. and 70% relative humidity. Plant feeding damage was then visually assessed based on foliage consumed and a pest mortality rating was also counted and calculated for each test unit.
Of the compounds of Formula 1 tested the following provided very good to excellent levels of control efficacy (20% or less feeding damage or 80% or more mortality): 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107*, 108*, 109*, 110, 111, 201 and 202. *means very good to excellent levels of control efficacy observed only at 250 ppm.

TEST B

For evaluating control of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) the test unit consisted of a small open container with a 4-5-day-old corn (maize) plant inside. This was pre-infested (using a core sampler) with 10-15 1-day-old larvae on a piece of insect diet. Test compounds were formulated and sprayed at 250 and/or 50 ppm as described for Test A and replicated three times. After spraying, the test units were maintained in a growth chamber and then the control efficacy was rated for each test unit as described for Test A.
Of the compounds of Formula 1 tested the following provided very good to excellent levels of control efficacy (20% or less feeding damage or 80% or more mortality): 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 46, 49, 51, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106*, 107*, 110*, 111*, 201 and 202. *means very good to excellent levels of control efficacy observed only at 250 ppm.

TEST C

For evaluating control of potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris) through contact and/or systemic means, the test unit consisted of a small open container with a 5-6 day old Soleil bean plant (primary leaves emerged) inside. White sand was added to the top of the soil and one of the primary leaves was excised prior to application. Test compounds were formulated and sprayed at 250 and/or 50 ppm, and the test was replicated three times as described for Test A. After spraying, the test units were allowed to dry for 1 hour before they were post-infested with 5 potato leafhoppers (18- to 21-day old adults). A black, screened cap was placed on the top of the cylinder. The test units were held for 6 days in a growth chamber at 19-21° C. and 50-70% relative humidity. The control efficacy of each test unit was then visually assessed by the insect mortality.
Of the compounds of Formula 1 tested the following provided very good to excellent levels of control efficacy (80% or more mortality): 1, 2, 8, 10, 11, 14*, 15, 16, 18*, 19, 20, 21, 26, 28, 31, 32*, 34, 36, 38, 46*, 101, 102* and 106*. *means very good to excellent levels of control efficacy observed only at 250 ppm.

TEST D

For evaluating control of the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) through contact and/or systemic means, the test unit consisted of a small open container with a 5-7 day old Soleil Bean plant inside. Test compounds were formulated and sprayed at 250 and/or 50 ppm, and the test was replicated three times as described for Test A. After spraying, the test units were allowed to dry for 1 hour and then 22-27 adult thrips were added to each unit and then a black, screened cap was placed on top. The test units were held for 6 days at 25° C. and 45-55% relative humidity. A mortality rating was assessed along with a plant damage rating for each test unit.
Of the compounds of Formula 1 tested the following provided very good to excellent levels of control efficacy (20% or less feeding damage or 80% or more mortality): 1, 2, 8, 10, 11, 13*, 14*, 15*, 16, 18, 19, 20*, 21, 26, 32, 33*, 34*, 35, 39*, 41, 42, 45*, 46*, 47*, 48*, 49, 51, 101 and 104. *means very good to excellent levels of control efficacy observed only at 250 ppm.

TEST E

For evaluating control of the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis Bouche), a CD-1® mouse (about 30 g, male, obtained from Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, Mass.) was orally dosed with a test compound in an amount of 10 mg/kg solubilized in propylene glycol/glycerol formal (60:40). Two hours after oral administration of the test compound, approximately 8 to 16 adult fleas were applied to each mouse. The fleas were then evaluated for mortality 48 hours after flea application to the mouse.
Of the compounds tested, the following compounds caused 30% or more mortality: 1*, 2, 10*, 41* and 51*. *means the compound caused 50% or more mortality.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof,

wherein

A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵and A⁶are independently selected from the group consisting of CR³and N, provided that at most 3 of A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵and A⁶are N;

B¹, B²and B³are independently selected from the group consisting of CR²and N;

W is O or S;

R¹is C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁶;

each R²is independently H, halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆alkylamino, C₂-C₆dialkylamino, C₂-C₄alkoxycarbonyl, —CN or —NO₂;

each R³is independently H, halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆alkylamino, C₂-C₆dialkylamino, —CN or —NO₂;

R⁴is H, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl, C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇alkylcarbonyl or C₂-C₇alkoxycarbonyl;

R⁵is H, OR¹⁰, NR¹¹R¹²or Q¹; or C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁷; or

R⁴and R⁵are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a ring containing 2 to 6 atoms of carbon and optionally one additional atom selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, said ring optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₂alkyl, halogen, —CN, —NO₂and C₁-C₂alkoxy;

each R⁶is independently halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, —CN or —NO₂;

each R⁷is independently halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆alkylamino, C₂-C₈dialkylamino, C₃-C₆cycloalkylamino, C₂-C₇alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₇alkylaminocarbonyl, C₃-C₉dialkylaminocarbonyl, C₂-C₇haloalkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₇haloalkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₇haloalkylaminocarbonyl, C₃-C₉halodialkylaminocarbonyl, hydroxy, —NH₂, —CN or —NO₂; or Q²;

each R⁸is independently halogen, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆alkylamino, C₂-C₆dialkylamino, C₂-C₄alkoxycarbonyl, —CN or —NO₂;

each R⁹is independently halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, C₁-C₆alkylthio, C₁-C₆haloalkylthio, C₁-C₆alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₆alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆haloalkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₆alkylamino, C₂-C₆dialkylamino, —CN, —NO₂, phenyl or pyridinyl;

R¹⁰is H; or C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more halogen;

R¹¹is H, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl, C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, C₂-C₇alkylcarbonyl or C₂-C₇alkoxycarbonyl;

R¹²is H; Q³; or C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₆alkenyl, C₂-C₆alkynyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁷; or

R¹¹and R¹²are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a ring containing 2 to 6 atoms of carbon and optionally one additional atom selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, said ring optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₂alkyl, halogen, —CN, —NO₂and C₁-C₂alkoxy;

Q¹is a phenyl ring, a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, or an 8-, 9- or 10-membered fused bicyclic ring system optionally containing one to three heteroatoms selected from up to 1 O, up to 1 S and up to 3 N, each ring or ring system optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁵;

each Q²is independently a phenyl ring or a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, each ring optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁹;

Q³is a phenyl ring or a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, each ring optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁹; and

n is 0, 1 or 2.

2. A compound of claim 1 wherein

R¹is C₁-C₃alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁶;

each R²is independently H, halogen, C₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy or —CN; and

each R³is independently H, halogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆haloalkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl,

C₃-C₆halocycloalkyl, C₁-C₆alkoxy, C₁-C₆haloalkoxy, —CN or —NO₂.

3. A compound of claim 2 wherein

B¹, B²and B³are independently CR²;

W is O;

R⁴is H, C₁-C₆alkyl, C₂-C₇alkylcarbonyl or C₂-C₇alkoxycarbonyl; and

R⁵is H, NR¹¹R¹²or Q¹; or C₁-C₄alkyl, C₂-C₄alkenyl, C₂-C₄alkynyl, C₃-C₄cycloalkyl, C₄-C₇alkylcycloalkyl or C₄-C₇cycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R⁷.

4. A compound of claim 3 wherein

R¹is C₁-C₃alkyl optionally substituted with halogen;

each R²is independently H, CF₃, OCF₃, halogen or —CN;

each R³is independently H, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄haloalkyl, C₃-C₆cyclopropyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy or —CN; and

each R⁷is independently halogen, C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, C₁-C₄alkylthio, C₁-C₄alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄alkylsulfonyl, C₂-C₄alkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₄alkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₅alkylaminocarbonyl, C₂-C₅haloalkylcarbonyl, C₂-C₅haloalkoxycarbonyl, C₂-C₅haloalkylaminocarbonyl, —NH₂, —CN or —NO₂; or Q².

5. A compound of claim 4 wherein

R⁴is H;

R⁵is C₁-C₄alkyl optionally substituted with one of more substituents independently selected from R⁷;

each R⁷is independently halogen or Q²; and

each Q²is independently phenyl, pyridinyl or thiazolyl.

6. A compound of claim 5 wherein

R¹is CF₃;

A¹, A², A³, A⁴, A⁵and A⁶are each CR³;

B²is CR²; and

each R³is independently H, C₁-C₄alkyl or —CN.

7. A compound of claim 6 wherein

B²is CH;

each R²is independently halogen or C₁-C₃haloalkyl;

R³is H;

R⁵is CH₂CF₃or CH₂-2-pyridinyl; and

n is 0.

8. A compound of claim 1 that is selected from the group consisting of:

4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1-naphthalenecarboxamide,

4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1-naphthalenecarboxamide,

4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1-naphthalenecarbothioamide,

4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-ethyl-1-naphthalenecarboxamide,

4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-naphthalenecarboxamide,

4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1-naphthalenecarboxamide,

5-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-8-quinolinecarboxamide,

5-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-8-isoquinolinecarboxamide, and

1-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-4-isoquinolinecarboxamide.

9. A composition comprising a compound of claim 1 and at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a solid diluent and a liquid diluent, said composition optionally further comprising at least one additional biologically active compound or agent.

10. A composition for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising a biologically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 and at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a solid diluent and a liquid diluent, said composition optionally further comprising a biologically effective amount of at least one additional biologically active compound or agent.

11. The composition of claim 10 wherein the at least one additional biologically active compound or agent is selected from insecticides of the group consisting of sodium channel modulators, cholinesterase inhibitors, neonicotinoids, insecticidal macrocyclic lactones, GABA-regulated chloride channel blockers, chitin synthesis inhibitors, juvenile hormone mimics, octopamine receptor ligands, ecdysone agonists, ryanodine receptor ligands, nereistoxin analogs, mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors, lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, cyclodiene insecticides, molting inhibitors, nucleopolyhedrovirus, a member of Bacillus thuringiensis, an encapsulated delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis and a naturally occurring or a genetically modified viral insecticide.

12. The composition of claim 10 wherein the at least one additional biologically active compound or agent is selected from the group consisting of abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, acetoprole, aldicarb, amidoflumet, amitraz, avermectin, azadirachtin, azinphos-methyl, bifenthrin, bifenazate, bistrifluoron, buprofezin, carbofuran, cartap, chinomethionat, chlorfenapyr, chlorfluazuron, chlorantraniliprole, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorobenzilate, chromafenozide, clothianidin, cyflumetofen, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyhexatin, cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, diazinon, dicofol, dieldrin, dienochlor, diflubenzuron, dimefluthrin, dimethoate, dinotefuran, diofenolan, emamectin, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, ethiprole, etoxazole, fenamiphos, fenazaquin, fenbutatin oxide, fenothiocarb, fenoxycarb, fenpropathrin, fenpyroximate, fenvalerate, fipronil, flonicamid, flubendiamide, flucythrinate, tau-fluvalinate, flufenerim, flufenoxuron, fonophos, halofenozide, hexaflumuron, hexythiazox, hydramethylnon, imicyafos, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, isofenphos, lufenuron, malathion, metaflumizone, metaldehyde, methamidophos, methidathion, methomyl, methoprene, methoxychlor, methoxyfenozide, metofluthrin, monocrotophos, nitenpyram, nithiazine, novaluron, noviflumuron, oxamyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, permethrin, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, pirimicarb, profenofos, profluthrin, propargite, protrifenbute, pymetrozine, pyrafluprole, pyrethrin, pyridaben, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, pyriprole, pyriproxyfen, rotenone, ryanodine, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, sulprofos, tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, thiosultap-sodium, tolfenpyrad, tralomethrin, triazamate, trichlorfon, triflumuron, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, nucleopolyhedrovirus, an encapsulated delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis, baculovirus, entomopathogenic bacteria, entomopathogenic virus and entomopathogenic fungi.

13. The composition of claim 12 wherein the at least one additional biologically active compound or agent is selected from the group consisting of abamectin, acetamiprid, amitraz, avermectin, azadirachtin, bifenthrin, buprofezin, cartap, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, clothianidin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, dieldrin, dinotefuran, diofenolan, emamectin, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, ethiprole, fenothiocarb, fenoxycarb, fenvalerate, fipronil, flonicamid, flubendiamide, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, hydramethylnon, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, lufenuron, metaflumizone, methomyl, methoprene, methoxyfenozide, nitenpyram, nithiazine, novaluron, oxamyl, pymetrozine, pyrethrin, pyridaben, pyridalyl, pyriproxyfen, ryanodine, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, tebufenozide, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, thiosultap-sodium, tralomethrin, triazamate, triflumuron, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, nucleopolyhedrovirus and an encapsulated delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis.

14. The composition of claim 10 in the form of a soil drench liquid formulation.

15. A spray composition for controlling an invertebrate pest, comprising:

(a) a biologically effective amount of the compound of claim 1 or the composition of claim 10; and

(b) a propellant.

16. A bait composition for controlling an invertebrate pest, comprising:

(a) a biologically effective amount of the compound of claim 1 or the composition of claim 10;

(b) one or more food materials;

(c) optionally an attractant; and

(d) optionally a humectant.

17. A trap device for controlling an invertebrate pest, comprising:

(a) the bait composition of claim 16; and

(b) a housing adapted to receive the bait composition, wherein the housing has at least one opening sized to permit the invertebrate pest to pass through the opening so the invertebrate pest can gain access to the bait composition from a location outside the housing, and wherein the housing is further adapted to be placed in or near a locus of potential or known activity for the invertebrate pest.

18. A method for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising contacting the invertebrate pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a compound of claim 1.

19. A method for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising contacting the invertebrate pest or its environment with a composition of claim 10.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein the environment is soil and the composition is applied to the soil as a soil drench formulation.

21. A method for controlling a cockroach, an ant or a termite, comprising contacting a cockroach, an ant, or a termite with the bait composition in a trap device of claim 17.

22. A method for controlling a mosquito, a black fly, a stable, fly, a deer fly, a horse fly, a wasp, a yellow jacket, a hornet, a tick, a spider, an ant, or a gnat, comprising contacting a mosquito, a black fly, a stable, fly, a deer fly, a horse fly, a wasp, a yellow jacket, a hornet, a tick, a spider, an ant, or a gnat with the spray composition of claim 15 dispensed from a spray container.

23. A method for protecting a seed from an invertebrate pest comprising contacting the seed with a biologically effective amount of a compound of claim 1.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein the seed is coated with the compound of claim 1 formulated as a composition comprising a film former or adhesive agent.

25. A treated seed comprising a compound of claim 1 in an amount of from about 0.0001 to 1% by weight of the seed before treatment.

26. A composition for protecting an animal from an invertebrate parasitic pest comprising a parasiticidally effective amount of a compound of claim 1 and at least one carrier.

27. The composition of claim 26 in a form for oral administration.

28. A method for protecting an animal from an invertebrate parasitic pest comprising administering to the animal a parasiticidally effective amount of a compound of claim 1.