US20140038210A1 - ANTI-HUMAN IgG1 ANTIBODY - Google Patents

ANTI-HUMAN IgG1 ANTIBODY Download PDF

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US20140038210A1
US20140038210A1 US13/769,153 US201313769153A US2014038210A1 US 20140038210 A1 US20140038210 A1 US 20140038210A1 US 201313769153 A US201313769153 A US 201313769153A US 2014038210 A1 US2014038210 A1 US 2014038210A1
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antibody
cell line
human
dsm
therapeutic
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Ulrich Essig
Stefan Klostermann
Frank Kowalewsky
Kay-Gunnar Stubenrauch
Rudolf Vogel
Uwe Wessels
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Hoffmann La Roche Inc
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Hoffmann La Roche Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/42—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against immunoglobulins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/42—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against immunoglobulins
    • C07K16/4283—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against immunoglobulins against an allotypic or isotypic determinant on Ig
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6854—Immunoglobulins
    • G01N33/686—Anti-idiotype
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/42—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against immunoglobulins
    • C07K16/4208—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against immunoglobulins against an idiotypic determinant on Ig
    • C07K16/4241—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against immunoglobulins against an idiotypic determinant on Ig against anti-human or anti-animal Ig
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
    • C12N5/10—Cells modified by introduction of foreign genetic material
    • C12N5/12—Fused cells, e.g. hybridomas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
    • C12N5/10—Cells modified by introduction of foreign genetic material
    • C12N5/12—Fused cells, e.g. hybridomas
    • C12N5/16—Animal cells
    • C12N5/163—Animal cells one of the fusion partners being a B or a T lymphocyte
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6854—Immunoglobulins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/10—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by their source of isolation or production
    • C07K2317/14—Specific host cells or culture conditions, e.g. components, pH or temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
    • C07K2317/33—Crossreactivity, e.g. for species or epitope, or lack of said crossreactivity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/54—F(ab')2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
    • C07K2317/92—Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value

Definitions

  • Mammals usually have between about 10 to about 30 milligram of antibody per ml in the circulation.
  • Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies typically have to be tested with serum levels ranging from about between 1 nanogram per ml to about 100 microgram per ml. The therapeutic antibody, thus, has to be detected against a background of experimental animal's antibodies which are in an excess of about 100-fold to 10 million-fold.
  • the detection of a human or humanized therapeutic antibody in the background of an experimental animal's antibody represents quite a significant task to the pharmacologist.
  • the detection of a human or humanized antibody becomes more and more difficult the closer the test animal is related to H. sapiens.
  • an epitope present on human antibodies of the immunoglobulin class IgG1 that is not present on human antibodies of the class IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4. Additionally this epitope is not present on the antibodies of cynomolgus monkeys.
  • the antibodies as reported herein can be used e.g. for the determination of a therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class in the serum of cynomolgus monkeys and rhesus-monkeys.
  • One aspect the herein reported epitope is characterized in comprising amino acid positions 16, 82, and 97 of SEQ ID NO: 04 (human IgG1 CH1 domain).
  • Another aspect as reported herein is an antibody that can be obtained from cell line DSM ACC3076 (M ⁇ 1.19.31). This antibody has a reduced intra-species cross-reactivity e.g. compared to antibody M-R10Z8E9 produced by cell line DSM ACC2708.
  • the antibody binds to a different epitope which is in the Fab-region, is not influenced by a neighboring glycosylation site, and can be used with an antibody selected from antibody M-1.3.2 produced by cell line DSM ACC3006, antibody M-1.5.8 produced by cell line DSM ACC3007, antibody M-1.7.10 produced by cell line DSM ACC3008, and antibody M-R10Z8E9 produced by cell line DSM ACC2708 in an immunoassay for the determination of full length antibodies of human IgG1 class as well as Fab antibodies comprising a human IgG1 CH1 domain as the binding site of each of the antibodies is present only once in these therapeutic antibodies.
  • the antibody is a non-human animal derived antibody. In one embodiment the antibody is specifically binding to the heavy chain constant region of an antibody of human IgG1 class. In one embodiment the antibody is specifically binding to the Fab region of an antibody of human IgG1 class. In one embodiment the antibody is specifically binding to the CH1 domain of an antibody of human IgG1 class. In one embodiment the antibody is specifically binding to an antibody of chimpanzees IgG class. In one embodiment the antibody is not specifically binding the antibodies of an experimental animal. In one embodiment the antibody is not specifically binding to cynomolgus monkey antibodies and rhesus-monkey antibodies.
  • Another aspect as reported herein is a monoclonal antibody obtained from the cell line DSM ACC3076.
  • an aspect as reported herein is an antibody that is specifically binding to the same or an overlapping epitope as the antibody produced by the cell line DSM ACC3076.
  • an aspect as reported herein is the use of an antibody as reported herein in an immunoassay.
  • a further aspect as reported herein is a kit comprising
  • an aspect as reported herein is a method for detecting a therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class in a sample obtained from an experimental animal comprising the steps of
  • One aspect as reported herein is a method for determining a therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class in a sample obtained from an experimental animal using an antigen bridging immunoassay comprising a capture antibody and a tracer antibody, characterized in that the capture antibody and the tracer antibody are both independently selected from antibodies binding to the same epitope as an antibody produced by cell line DSM ACC 3006, or DSM ACC3007, or DSM ACC3008, or DSM ACC3076.
  • the therapeutic antibody is a Fab fragment comprising a human IgG1 CH1 domain.
  • the experimental animal is selected from the group comprising the members of the families of marmosets and tamarins, old world monkeys, dwarf and mouse lemurs, gibbons and lesser apes, true lemurs, as well as crossings thereof.
  • the experimental animal is a rhesus-monkey, or a marmoset monkey, or a baboon monkey, or a cynomolgus monkey.
  • the experimental animal is a macaca or macaque monkey.
  • the experimental animal is a cynomolgus monkey or a rhesus-monkey.
  • One aspect as reported herein is the use of an antibody which is specifically binding to a therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class for determining the concentration of total, active, ADA-bound, or antigen-bound therapeutic antibody in a sample obtained from an experimental animal whereby the antibody is binding to the same epitope as an antibody produced by cell line DSM ACC3006, or DSM ACC3007, or DSM ACC3008, or DSM ACC3076.
  • One aspect as reported herein is an antibody composition comprising a mixture of the antibody produced by the cell line DSM ACC3006, and/or the cell line DSM ACC2708, and/or the cell line DSM ACC3007, and/or the cell line DSM ACC3008, and/or the cell line DSM ACC3076.
  • One aspect as reported herein is the use of an antibody composition as reported herein in a method as reported herein.
  • the immunoassay is a sandwich immunoassay.
  • the conjugation of the antibody to its conjugation partner is performed by chemically binding via N-terminal and/or ⁇ -amino groups (lysine), ⁇ -amino groups of different lysines, carboxy-, sulfhydryl-, hydroxyl- and/or phenolic functional groups of the amino acid backbone of the antibody and/or sugar alcohol groups of the carbohydrate structure of the antibody.
  • the capture antibody is immobilized via a specific binding pair.
  • the capture antibody is conjugated to biotin and immobilization is performed via immobilized avidin or streptavidin.
  • the tracer antibody is conjugated to the detectable label via a specific binding pair.
  • the tracer antibody is conjugated to digoxygenin and linking to the detectable label is performed via an antibody against digoxygenin.
  • the therapeutic antibody is a human or a humanized antibody.
  • the human or humanized antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
  • the total therapeutic antibody is detected, in another embodiment the active therapeutic antibody is detected, and in a further embodiment the therapeutic antibody is detected which is bound to its antigen.
  • the anti-human IgG antibody denoted M-R10Z8E9 (obtained from the cell line DSM ACC2708) binds to an epitope in the CH2 domain of human immunoglobulin of class G near the glycosylation site Asn297.
  • the herein reported antibody M-1.19.31 shows a reduced cross-reactivity compared to antibody M-R10Z8E9, binds to a different epitope in the Fab-region as the antibodies M-R10Z8E9 produced by cell line DSM ACC2708, M-1.3.2 produced by cell line DSM ACC3006, M-1.5.8 produced by cell line DSM ACC3007, and M-1.7.10 produced by cell line DSM ACC3008, is not influenced by a neighboring glycosylation site, and can be mixed in an immunoassay for the determining of a therapeutic antibody, especially of Fab therapeutic antibodies, with antibody M-R10Z8E9 produced by cell line DSM ACC2708, antibody M-1.3.2 produced by cell line DSM ACC3006, antibody M-1.5.8 produced by cell line DSM ACC3007, and/or antibody M-1.7.10 produced by cell line DSM ACC3008 as the binding sites of each of the antibodies is present only once in the
  • therapeutic antibody denotes an antibody which is tested in clinical studies for approval as human therapeutic and which can be administered to an individual for the treatment of a disease.
  • the therapeutic antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
  • the therapeutic antibody is obtained from a great ape or an animal transformed with a human antibody locus, or is a human monoclonal antibody, or is a humanized monoclonal antibody.
  • the therapeutic antibody is a human monoclonal antibody.
  • therapeutic antibody is a humanized monoclonal antibody.
  • Therapeutic antibodies are being used widely for the treatment of various diseases such as oncological diseases (e.g.
  • hematological and solid malignancies including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer
  • immunological diseases including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer
  • Such antibodies are, for instance, antibodies against CD19, CD20, CD22, HLA-DR, CD33, CD52, EGFR, G250, GD3, HER2, PSMA, CD56, VEGF, VEGF2, CEA, Levis Y antigen, IL-6 receptor (IL6R), or IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R).
  • IL6R IL-6 receptor
  • IGF1R IGF-1 receptor
  • antibody encompasses the various forms of antibody structures including whole antibodies and antibody fragments.
  • the antibody as reported herein is in one embodiment a human antibody, a humanized antibody, a chimeric antibody, or a T cell antigen depleted antibody.
  • Genetic engineering of antibodies is e.g. described in Morrison, S. L., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81 (1984) 6851-6855; U.S. Pat. No. 5,202,238 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,204,244; Riechmann, L., et al., Nature 332 (1988) 323-327; Neuberger, M.
  • antibodies are divided in the classes: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Some of these classes are further divided into subclasses (isotypes), i.e. IgG in IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, or IgA in IgA1 and IgA2.
  • immunoglobulin class to which an antibody belongs are the heavy chain constant regions of immunoglobulins are called ⁇ (IgA), ⁇ (IgD), ⁇ (IgE), ⁇ (IgG), and ⁇ (IgM), respectively.
  • antibody of human IgG1 class denotes an antibody in which the amino acid sequence of the constant domains is derived from the amino acid sequence of human IgG1 as denoted in SEQ ID NO: 01, SEQ ID NO: 02, SEQ ID NO: 03, or SEQ ID NO: 04. In such an antibody at least the CH1 domain has to be present.
  • the term includes human antibodies, humanized antibodies, chimeric antibodies and antibody conjugates.
  • “Humanized” forms of non-human (e.g. rodent) antibodies are chimeric antibodies that contain partial sequences derived from a non-human antibody and from a human antibody.
  • humanized antibodies are derived from a human antibody (recipient antibody), in which residues from a hypervariable region are replaced by residues from a hypervariable region of a non-human species (donor antibody), such as mouse, rat, rabbit, or non-human primate, having the desired specificity and affinity.
  • donor antibody such as mouse, rat, rabbit, or non-human primate
  • framework region (FR) residues of the human antibody are replaced by corresponding non-human residues.
  • humanized antibodies may comprise further modifications, e.g. amino acid residues that are not found in the recipient antibody or in the donor antibody. Such modifications result in variants of such recipient or donor antibody, which are homologous but not identical to the corresponding parent sequence. These modifications are made to further refine antibody performance.
  • the humanized antibody will comprise substantially all of at least one, and typically two, variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the hypervariable loops correspond to those of a non-human donor antibody and all or substantially all of the FRs are those of a human recipient antibody.
  • the humanized antibody optionally will also comprise at least a portion of an antibody constant region, typically that of a human antibody.
  • a humanized antibody has one or more amino acid residues introduced into it from a source which is non-human. These non-human amino acid residues are often referred to as “import” residues, which are typically taken from an “import” variable domain. Humanization can be essentially performed following the method of Winter and co-workers by substituting hypervariable region sequences for the corresponding sequences of a non-human antibody. Accordingly, such “humanized” antibodies are chimeric antibodies, wherein substantially less than an intact human variable domain has been substituted by the corresponding sequence from a non-human species. In practice, humanized antibodies are typically human antibodies in which some hypervariable region residues and possibly some framework region residues are substituted by residues from analogous sites in rodent or non-human primate antibodies.
  • the term “monoclonal antibody” as used herein refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, i.e. the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical except for possible naturally occurring mutations that may be present in minor amounts. Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific, being directed against a single antigenic site. Furthermore, in contrast to polyclonal antibody preparations, which include different antibodies directed against different antigenic sites (determinants or epitopes), each monoclonal antibody is directed against a single antigenic site on the antigen. In addition to their specificity, the monoclonal antibodies are advantageous in that they may be synthesized uncontaminated by other antibodies.
  • the modifier “monoclonal” indicates the character of the antibody as being obtained from a substantially homogeneous population of antibodies and is not to be construed as requiring production of the antibody by any particular method.
  • chimeric antibody denotes an antibody comprising a variable domain, i.e. binding region, from a first species and at least a portion of a constant region derived from a different second source or species, usually prepared by recombinant DNA techniques.
  • experimental animal denotes the members of the families of the order of primates comprising marmosets and tamarins (family Callitrichidae), new world monkeys (family Cebidae), old world monkeys (family Cercopithecidae), dwarf and mouse lemurs (family Chemogaleidae), aye-aye (family Daubentoniidae), bushbabies and galagos (family Galagonidae), gibbons and lesser apes (family Hylobatidae), indris, sifakas, and relatives (family Indridae), true lemurs (family Lemuridae), lorises (family Loridae), university lemurs (family Megaladapidae), tarsiers (family Tarsiidae), as well as crossings thereof.
  • family Callitrichidae family Callitrichidae
  • new world monkeys family Cebidae
  • old world monkeys family Cercopithe
  • the experimental animal is selected from the group comprising the members of the families of marmosets and tamarins, old world monkeys, dwarf and mouse lemurs, gibbons and lesser apes, true lemurs, as well as crossings thereof.
  • the great apes especially the group of chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans is excluded.
  • the experimental animal is a member of the genus Macaca . In one embodiment the experimental animal is selected from Macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus monkey) and Macaca mulatta (rhesus-monkey).
  • sample denotes any tissue or liquid sample obtained from the experimental animal.
  • the sample will be a liquid sample like Saliva, urine, whole blood, plasma or serum.
  • the sample will be whole blood, plasma or serum.
  • an “antibody specifically binding to a therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class and not specifically binding to the antibody of an experimental animal” or an “antibody, which specifically binds to a therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class and does not specifically bind to the antibody of an experimental animal,” binds to a therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class with a dissociation constant ( K Diss ) of at least 10 ⁇ 8 mol/l.
  • a dissociation constant K Diss
  • K Diss dissociation constant
  • the property of “not specifically binding to the antibody of the experimental animal” is insured by a K Diss of 10 ⁇ 7 mol/l or worse.
  • the antibody specifically binding to a therapeutic antibody and not specifically binding to the antibody of an experimental animal will have a K Diss -gap of at least 100-fold between its reactivity towards the antibody of human IgG1 class and towards the antibody of the experimental animal.
  • binding properties of an antibody are assessed by a BIAcore® instrument.
  • binding properties are evaluated by changes in surface plasmon resonance (SPR). It is convenient to bind the antibody under investigation to the solid phase (called chip) and to assess binding of a monoclonal antibody, a polyclonal antibody or even of serum comprising IgG to this coated chip.
  • SPR surface plasmon resonance
  • epitope denotes a protein determinant capable of specifically binding to an antibody.
  • Epitopes usually consist of chemically active surface groupings of molecules such as amino acids or sugar side chains and usually epitopes have specific three dimensional structural characteristics, as well as specific charge characteristics. Conformational and non-conformational epitopes are distinguished in that the binding to the former but not the latter is lost in the presence of denaturing solvents.
  • an antibody as reported herein binds to native but not to denatured human IgG1.
  • binding to the same epitope as an antibody produced by the cell line DSM ACC3076 refers to an antibody that binds to the same epitope on human IgG1 to which the antibody M-1.19.31 (produced by cell line DSM ACC3076) binds.
  • the epitope binding property of an antibody binding to an antibody of human IgG1 class as reported herein may be determined using techniques known in the art.
  • the binding to human IgG1 can be determined by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) at 25° C. in an in vitro competitive binding inhibition assay to determine the ability of the test antibody to inhibit binding of antibody M-1.19.31 to human IgG 1.
  • Example 12 This can be investigated by a BIAcore assay (Pharmacia Biosensor AB, Uppsala, Sweden) as reported e.g. in Example 12.
  • BIAcore assay Pharmacia Biosensor AB, Uppsala, Sweden
  • the percentage (%) of expected binding response of the antibody binding to an antibody of human IgG1 class as reported herein competing with the bound antibody M-1.19.31 is calculated by Formula I
  • antibodies that compete with antibody M-1.19.31 for binding to an antibody of human IgG1 class.
  • binding competition may be determined using techniques known in the art.
  • the binding of the antibody is determined at 25° C. by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) in an in vitro competitive binding inhibition assay to determine the ability of the test antibody to inhibit binding of antibody M-1.19.31 to an antibody of human IgG1 class.
  • SPR Surface Plasmon Resonance
  • This can be investigated by a BIAcore assay (Pharmacia Biosensor AB, Uppsala, Sweden) as e.g. in Example 12.
  • the antibody specifically binding to a (therapeutic) antibody of human IgG1 class and not specifically binding to the antibody of the experimental animal is in one embodiment a monoclonal antibody, or a fragment of such an antibody, or a genetic construct comprising the binding domain of such an antibody. Any antibody fragment retaining the above criteria of specifically binding to the antibody of human IgG1 class and of not specifically binding to the antibody of an experimental animal can be used.
  • a therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class in an experimental animal may have to be assessed during pre-clinical studies. In certain settings it may be relevant to analyze the total amount of therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class present, or it may be important to analyze certain fragments of a therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class, or certain modifications of a therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class, or the concentration of therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class bound to an antigen, or the fraction of a therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class still capable of specifically binding to an antigen.
  • the antibodies and methods as reported herein can be used to detect the total, active, ADA-bound, or antigen-bound therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class, respectively.
  • the term “total therapeutic antibody” denotes any antibody detected irrespective of whether the antibody is active (i.e. still reactive with its antigen), inactive, and/or antigen-bound.
  • the total therapeutic antibody can be divided in active therapeutic antibody and inactive therapeutic antibody.
  • active therapeutic antibody denotes the therapeutic antibody present in an experimental animal that still is capable of binding its antigen. Such antibodies, e.g., have not bound its antigen or any other molecule at its antigen binding site.
  • the “inactive therapeutic antibody” can be divided in antigen-bound therapeutic antibody, anti-therapeutic-antibody antibody-bound therapeutic antibody (anti-drug antibody-bound therapeutic antibody; ADA-bound therapeutic antibody), and denatured antibody.
  • antigen-bound therapeutic antibody denotes the therapeutic antibody as present in the circulation of an experimental animal that is bound to its antigen.
  • Total, active, ADA-bound, or antigen-bound therapeutic antibody as defined above can be directly detected with the antibody and in methods as reported herein. Additionally it is possible to detect other forms of non-active therapeutic antibodies, such as therapeutic antibodies bound by anti-drug antibodies, or anti-idiotype antibodies, or especially neutralizing anti-drug antibodies.
  • inactive therapeutic antibody may, e.g., be a therapeutic antibody bound to its antigen, or the therapeutic antibody bound to a cross-reactive antigen, or the therapeutic antibody blocked by an auto- or anti-idiotypic antibody against the therapeutic antibody.
  • inactive therapeutic antibody may, e.g., be a therapeutic antibody bound to its antigen, or the therapeutic antibody bound to a cross-reactive antigen, or the therapeutic antibody blocked by an auto- or anti-idiotypic antibody against the therapeutic antibody.
  • the total antibody amounts to more than the sum of active antibody and antigen-bound antibody, an additional fraction of antibody comprising the inactive antibody not bound to its corresponding antigen will be present.
  • Total therapeutic antibody for example can be detected in a so-called competitive immunoassay system or in a so-called sandwich type assay system.
  • Such assay may be performed in one embodiment without washing steps (homogeneous immunoassay), or as in another embodiment with washing steps (heterogeneous immunoassay).
  • the total therapeutic antibody is detected in a sandwich type immunoassay, wherein an antibody which is specifically binding to a therapeutic antibody and not specifically binding to the antibody of the experimental animal is used at both sides of the sandwich.
  • the antibody used at one side of such sandwich is bound or capable of binding to a solid phase (often referred to as capture antibody), whereas the antibody at the other side of such sandwich is labeled in such a manner that direct or indirect detection is facilitated (so-called detection antibody).
  • detection antibody the amount of detection antibody bound in such sandwich assay procedure is directly correlated to the amount of therapeutic antibody in the sample investigated.
  • Detection of active therapeutic antibody in a sample may be achieved by convenient state of the art procedures.
  • the detection of total therapeutic antibody or of the fraction of therapeutic antibody bound to its antigen is rather complicated and requires quite different assay set-ups and especially requires tailor-made reagents for each of the different assays.
  • the antibody as reported herein that is specifically binding to a therapeutic antibody and not specifically binding to the antibody of the experimental animal it is possible to assess the fraction of active therapeutic antibody, total therapeutic antibody, ADA-bound, or antigen-bound therapeutic antibody in test systems which are analogues to each other. This kind of comparative assessment of total, active, ADA-bound, or antigen-bound therapeutic has benefits once quantitative comparisons are made in between these various fractions of therapeutic antibody.
  • a sandwich type assay format is set up to detect the active therapeutic antibody.
  • the antibody which is specifically binding to a therapeutic antibody and not specifically binding to the antibody of the experimental animal is used as capture antibody and the detection side of such sandwich assay either makes use of the antigen in a labeled form or after binding of the antigen makes use of a second antibody not binding to or competing with the epitope recognized by the therapeutic antibody, wherein the second antibody is specifically detectable and/or is labeled in such a manner that direct or indirect detection is facilitated.
  • the antigen-bound therapeutic antibody is in one embodiment detected in a sandwich type assay format using the antibody specifically binding to a therapeutic antibody and not specifically binding to the antibody of the experimental animal as a capture reagent.
  • a second antibody is used which is binding to the antigen at an epitope which does not compete with the epitope of the therapeutic antibody.
  • the second antibody in one embodiment is labeled in such a manner that direct or indirect detection is facilitated.
  • the labeling group can be selected from any known detectable marker groups, such as dyes, luminescent labeling groups such as chemoluminescent groups, e.g. acridinium esters or dioxetanes, or fluorescent dyes, e.g. fluorescein, coumarin, rhodamine, oxazine, resorufin, cyanine and derivatives thereof.
  • detectable marker groups such as dyes, luminescent labeling groups such as chemoluminescent groups, e.g. acridinium esters or dioxetanes, or fluorescent dyes, e.g. fluorescein, coumarin, rhodamine, oxazine, resorufin, cyanine and derivatives thereof.
  • Other examples of labeling groups are luminescent metal complexes, such as ruthenium or europium complexes, enzymes, e.g. as used for ELISA or for CEDIA (Clone
  • Metal chelates which can be detected by electrochemoluminescence are also in one embodiment signal-emitting groups used as detectable labels, with particular preference being given to ruthenium chelates.
  • the labeling group is a ruthenium (bispyridyl) 3 2+ chelate.
  • Indirect detection systems comprise, for example, that the detection reagent, e.g. the detection antibody, is labeled with a first partner of a binding pair.
  • suitable binding pairs are hapten or antigen/antibody, biotin or biotin analogues such as aminobiotin, iminobiotin or desthiobiotin/avidin or streptavidin, sugar/lectin, nucleic acid or nucleic acid analogue/complementary nucleic acid, and receptor/ligand, e.g., steroid hormone receptor/steroid hormone.
  • the first binding pair member is selected from hapten, antigen and hormone.
  • the hapten is selected from digoxin and biotin and analogues thereof.
  • the second partner of such binding pair e.g. an antibody, streptavidin, etc., usually is labeled to allow for direct detection, e.g., by the labels as mentioned above.
  • reagent conditions are chosen which allow for binding of the reagents employed, e.g. for binding of an antibody to its corresponding antigen.
  • the skilled artisan refers to the result of such binding event by using the term complex.
  • the complex formed in a method as reported herein is correlated by state of the art procedures to the corresponding concentration of the therapeutic antibody. Depending on the detection reagent employed this correlating step will result in the concentration of total, active, ADA-bound, or antigen-bound therapeutic antibody.
  • the methods as reported herein will reveal the concentrations of total, antigen-bound, active or even inactive therapeutic antibody. Due to the use of one and the same reagent, i.e. the antibody specifically binding to a therapeutic antibody and not specifically binding to the antibody of the experimental animal, in the different assays the values obtained can be easily compared to each other and even ratios thereof can be assessed. In a further embodiment the method relates to the ratio of active to total therapeutic antibody. This ratio may well serve as an indicator for the efficacy of a therapeutic antibody.
  • the epitope recognized by the antibody produced by the deposited cell line is unique in the Fab region of an antibody of human IgG1 class
  • another aspect as reported herein is the epitope binding to the antibody obtained from the deposited cell line DSM ACC3076.
  • the epitope is further characterized in being on the Fab fragment of an antibody of human IgG1 class.
  • the epitope is characterized in being on the CH1 domain of human IgG1.
  • the antibody is specifically binding to a therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class and not specifically binding to the antibody of an experimental animal and is characterized in that the antibody is an antibody binding to the same epitope as the antibody produced by the cell line DSM ACC3076.
  • a method can be used in which epitope identity or overlap of an epitope binding to two different antibodies is determined with the help of a competitive test system.
  • a competitive test system for example with the help of an enzyme immunoassay, there is tested the extent to which the antibody in question competes with the known antibody for the binding to an immobilized target antigen.
  • an appropriately immobilized target antigen is incubated with the known antibody in labeled form and an excess of the antibody in question. By detection of the bound labeling there can easily be ascertained the extent to which the antibody in question can displace the known antibody from the binding.
  • epitope overlap is present and both antibodies bind to the same or an overlapping epitope.
  • the specificity of the antibody obtained from the deposited cell lines DSM ACC3076 can be shown in a sandwich-ELISA employing each a biotinylated and a digoxygenylated variant of the respective antibodies and serum from different species.
  • capture and detection antibodies are obtained from the same cell line binding to identical epitopes.
  • an assay requires an anti-human IgG antibody whose binding site is independent from any secondary antibody modification, such as e.g. glycosylation sites or potential deamidation sites. Otherwise it would be necessary to optimize the assay for each new therapeutic antibody to be detected and quantified.
  • the herein reported antibody is also different to the analyzed therapeutic antibody and can be employed as reference standard and positive control.
  • the antibody as reported herein is highly specific for human and chimpanzee immunoglobulin of the immunoglobulin class G and shows a better inter-species specificity than the antibody M-R10Z8E9 and does not specifically bind to the immunoglobulin of class G of an experimental animal.
  • the specificity of the antibody as reported herein can also be shown in a surface plasmon resonance experiment using the BIAcore technology. By using dot-blot experiments it can be shown that the epitope bound by the antibody as reported herein is a conformational epitope as binding is lost denatured human immunoglobulin ( FIG. 2 ).
  • Another aspect as reported herein is an assay for quantifying a human antibody of human IgG1 class or a derivative thereof, such as a Fab-fragment comprising a human IgG1 CH1 domain, in a sample obtained from an experimental animal comprising a biotinylated antibody as reported herein as capture antibody and a digoxygenylated antibody as reported herein as tracer antibody.
  • a biotinylated antibody as reported herein as capture antibody
  • a digoxygenylated antibody as reported herein as tracer antibody.
  • tracer antibody e.g. digoxigenylated M-1.3.2
  • This assay requires capture and tracer antibodies which bind to the Fab fragment of human IgG on two different epitopes.
  • an assay comprising a capture and tracer antibody binding specifically to epitopes on different domains of a human IgG.
  • this assay only an intact therapeutic antibody will result in a positive assay result and a detectable signal.
  • the capture antibody and the tracer antibody are independently selected from the antibodies M-1.3.2, M-1.5.8, M-1.7.10 and M-1.19.31 on the one hand and the antibody M-R10Z8E9 on the other hand.
  • an exemplary assay according to this aspect to proof structural integrity of a human IgG in an experimental animal as capture antibody biotinylated M-R10Z8E9, as analyte an anti-IL13R ⁇ 1 antibody, and as tracer antibody digoxigenylated M-1.19.31 can be employed (in FIG. 4 the schematic assay set-up and a calibration curve for this assay is shown).
  • a further aspect as reported herein is an assay in which the anti-human IgG antibody is used as a reference standard and/or positive control to mimic an anti-drug antibody (ADA).
  • ADA anti-drug antibody
  • the antibody obtained from the cell line DSM ACC3076 is used as the antibody specifically binding to a therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class and not specifically binding to the antibody of the experimental animal in a method as reported herein.
  • One aspect as reported herein relates to the use of an antibody which is specifically binding to a therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class and not specifically binding to the antibody of an experimental animal for determining the concentration of total, active, ADA-bound, or antigen-bound therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class in a sample obtained from an experimental animal.
  • the antibody used in the method is selected from an antibody binding to the same or an overlapping epitope as recognized by the antibody obtained from the cell line DSM ACC3076.
  • One aspect as reported herein relates to the use of two antibodies which both are specifically binding to a therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class and not specifically binding to the antibody of an experimental animal for determining the concentration of total, active, ADA-bound, or antigen-bound therapeutic antibody of human IgG1 class in a sample obtained from an experimental animal, wherein one of the antibodies is the capture antibody and one of the antibodies is the tracer antibody.
  • the therapeutic antibody is a Fab fragment.
  • hybridoma cell lines MAK ⁇ H-IgG>M-1.3.2, MAK ⁇ H-IgG>M-1.5.8, MAK ⁇ H-IgG>M-1.7.10, MAK ⁇ H-IgG>M-1.19.31, expressing antibodies M-1.3.2, M-1.5.8, M-1.7.10, and M-1.19.31, respectively, and were deposited, under the Budapest Treaty on the international recognition of the deposit of microorganisms for the purposes of patent procedure, with Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen and Zellkulturen GmbH (DSMZ), Germany:
  • the cell lines and antibodies obtainable from the cell lines are aspects of the current invention.
  • FIG. 1 Assay format of fully generic Assay for quantification of human antibodies (human IgG) in an experimental animal.
  • FIG. 2 Dot Blot of anti-human IgG antibodies; as exemplary reference antibody an antibody against P-selectin has been chosen; the reference antibody is dotted is native (left column) and denatured (right column) form onto a nitrocellulose membrane and detected by the respective digoxigenylated anti-human IgG antibodies; a) M-R10Z8E9, b) M-1.19.31.
  • FIG. 3 Assay for quantifying human antibody derivates in a sample obtained from an experimental animal: schematic assay set-up.
  • FIG. 4 Assay to proof structural integrity of human IgG in an experimental animal: a) schematic assay set-up, b) calibration curve.
  • the full length human antibody of the class G (human IgG) in 100 mM sodium citrate buffer, pH 3.7 was incubated with pepsin (1 ⁇ g pepsin per mg IgG). The fragmentation was analyzed by analytical gel filtration and stopped after 90 minutes by adjusting the pH value to 6.5 by the addition of potassium phosphate. After dialysis of the mixture against 10 mM sodium citrate buffer with 10 mM sodium chloride, pH 5.5, the solution was applied to an SP-sepharose chromatography column and the isolated fractions eluted in a salt gradient were analyzed individually by analytical gel filtration.
  • the pool containing the antibody F(ab′) 2 fragments were applied to an affinity matrix with immobilized polyclonal antibodies against human Fc ⁇ to eliminate trace amounts of Fc ⁇ fragments.
  • the flow through was pooled, concentrated to about 16 mg/ml and finally applied to a gel filtration column (Superdex 200).
  • mice Female NMRI mice, 8-12 weeks of age, were each primarily immunized intraperitoneally with 100 ⁇ g of the antibody F(ab′) 2 fragments prepared according to Example 1 mixed with CFA (Complete Freund's Adjuvant). Two further intraperitoneal immunization steps followed after 6 and 10 weeks, each with 100 ⁇ g of the antibody F(ab′) 2 fragments per mouse mixed with IFA (Incomplete Freund's adjuvant). Subsequently, intravenous boost immunizations were done, each with 50 ⁇ g of antibody F(ab′) 2 fragments in PBS (phosphate buffered saline) three days before the fusion.
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • Spleen cells of the mice immunized according to a) were fused with myeloma cells according to Galfré and Milstein (Galfré, G. and Milstein, C, Methods Enzymol. 73 (1981) 3-46).
  • Approximately 2.1 ⁇ 10 8 splenocytes were mixed with 4.2 ⁇ 10 7 myeloma cells (P3x63-Ag8.653, ATCC CRL1580) and centrifuged (10 min. at 300 ⁇ g and 4° C.).
  • the cells were washed afterwards once with the culture medium RPMI 1640 without FCS (fetal calf serum), and centrifuged again at 400 ⁇ g in a 50 ml pointed vial.
  • the sedimented cells were resuspended in RPMI 1640 with 10% FCS, and plated in hypoxanthine-azaserine selection medium (100 mmol/l hypoxanthine, 1 ⁇ g/ml azaserine in RPMI 1640 with 10% FCS) containing the growth factor recombinant murine interleukin 6 (Peprotech, 0.5 ng/ml). After 11 days, the primary cultures were assayed for specific antibody synthesis (see Example 3).
  • the hybridoma cell line obtained in b) was inoculated at an initial cell density (live cells) of about 2 ⁇ 10 5 cells per ml in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, and commonly used supplements and expanded in a T-flask (Celline, IBS) for a period of approximately three weeks.
  • initial cell density live cells
  • FCS fetal bovine serum
  • T-flask Celline, IBS
  • MTPs microtiter plates pre-coated with recombinant streptavidin (MicroCoat, Bernried, lot MC 1098) were coated with biotinylated humanized IgG used for the immunization process, 250 ng/ml, or biotinylated human IgG, 250 ng/ml, respectively, in PBS supplemented with 1.0% (w/v) BSA II (100 ⁇ l per well, 60 min. incubation at ambient temperature, with shaking), and subsequently washed three times with 0.9% (w/v) NaCl/0.05% Tween® 20.
  • Biotinylated human IgG was bound to the wells of a streptavidin-coated microtiterplate (SA-MTP) in the first step. The excess of unbound antibody was removed by washing. Afterwards the samples and the reference standards (e.g. anti-human IgG antibody as obtained with Example 2) were diluted in buffer and 10% cynomolgus serum. Diluted samples were added to the plate and incubated for 60 min. at ambient temperature, with shaking. After having washed away unbound substances, the human IgG of the first step in digoxygenylated form was added to the wells of the plate and incubated for another 60 min.
  • SA-MTP streptavidin-coated microtiterplate
  • the bound digoxygenylated antibody was detected with an anti-digoxygenin antibody-HRP conjugate.
  • the HRP horseradish peroxidase
  • the signal is measured by ELISA reader at 405 nm wavelength (reference wavelength: 490 nm). Absorbance values of each serum sample were determined in triplicates.
  • Antibodies with high assay response in cynomolgus serum as well as in buffer were selected. This second screening led to a selection of antibodies binding well to human IgG with minimal cross-reactivity to IgG of other species.
  • Antibody M-R10Z8E9 M-1.19.31 Sample (serum) Bound RU K D mol/l Bound RU K D mol/l Chimpanzee 159 2.21 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 352 4.92 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 Human 151.3 1.77 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 356 1.52 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 Dog 35.5 3.17 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 3 no binding Rhesus-monkey ⁇ 1.9 no binding 36 2.15 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 Marmoset 18.9 2.04 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 0 no binding Baboon ⁇ 1.5 no binding 41 4.53 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 Cynomolgus ⁇ 1.4 no binding 31 1.23 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6
  • the fermentation supernatant of the cell line obtained in Example 2 was concentrated about tenfold and transferred to a buffer with 20 mM TRIS, 1 M ammonium sulfate, pH 9.0, and applied to a protein A-sepharose chromatography column.
  • the eluate obtained with 0.2 M sodium citrate, 0.2 M ammonium sulfate at pH 5.0 was dialyzed against phosphate buffer, pH 7.5.
  • Contaminants of bovine IgG (from FCS in the fermentation broth) were separated by immunoadsorption with immobilized antibodies against bovine IgG.
  • Digoxigenin 3-O-methylcarbonyl- ⁇ -aminocaproic acid-N-hydroxysuccinimide was dissolved in DMSO and added to the antibody solution in a molar ratio of 1:4. The reaction was stopped after 60 min. by adding L-lysine, and the surplus of the labeling reagent was removed by dialysis against 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, with 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.5.
  • Biotinylated antibody M-1.19.31 can be bound to a streptavidin-coated microtiter plate (SA-MTP) in the first step.
  • SA-MTP streptavidin-coated microtiter plate
  • Samples/standards e.g. anti-IL1R antibody, anti-IL13R ⁇ 1 antibody, anti-Abeta antibody and anti-IL6R antibody, spiked in cynomolgus serum can be added in a concentration series to the plate and incubated for 60 min. at ambient temperature, with shaking.
  • 100 ⁇ l digoxygenylated antibody M-1.19.31 can be added to the plate.
  • the bound digoxygenylated antibodies can be detected with an anti-digoxygenin-antibody-HRP conjugate. Absorbance values of each serum sample were determined in triplicates (see FIG. 1 for schematic method).
  • Biotinylated antibody M-1.19.31 can be bound to streptavidin-coated microtiter plates (SA-MTP) in the first step. The excess of unbound antibody can be removed by washing. Samples/standards, e.g. anti-IGF1R antibody Fab fragment, spiked in cynomolgus serum can be added to the wells and incubated for 60 min. at ambient temperature, with shaking. After having washed away unbound antibodies, 100 ⁇ l digoxigenylated antibody M-1.3.2 can be added to each well of the plate. After washing, the bound digoxygenylated antibodies can be detected with an anti-digoxygenin antibody-HRP conjugate. Absorbance values of each serum sample can be determined in triplicates (see FIG. 3 for schematic method).
  • Biotinylated antibody M-1.19.31 can be bound to streptavidin-coated microtiter plates (SA-MTP) in the first step. The excess of unbound antibody can be removed by washing. Samples/standards, e.g. anti-IL13R ⁇ 1 antibody, spiked in cynomolgus serum can be added to the plate and incubated for 60 min. at ambient temperature, with shaking. After having washed away unbound antibodies, 100 ⁇ l digoxygenylated antibody M-1.3.2 can be added to the plate. After washing, the bound digoxygenylated antibodies can be detected with an anti-digoxygenin antibody-HRP conjugate. Absorbance values of each serum sample can be determined in triplicates.
  • the biotinylated antigen (Bi-X) was bound to streptavidin-coated microtiter plates (SA-MTP) in the first step. The excess of unbound antigen was removed by washing. Afterwards anti-X antibody spiked in cynomolgus serum was bound to the immobilized human receptor X. After washing away unbound substances, the bound anti-X antibody was detected with digoxygenylated monoclonal antibody against human Fab fragment (antibody M-1.19.31) followed by incubation with a horse-radish peroxidase labeled anti-digoxygenin antibody. Absorbance values of each serum sample are determined in triplicates.
  • the antigen-protein (human IgG) was dotted to a nitrocellulose membrane in a native and a denaturized form.
  • the antigen-protein was incubated with SDS on a shaker at 37° C. over night. Both forms were dotted in a concentration series to the membrane. After complete drying of the membrane, the surface was blocked with a blocking buffer (Roti-Block, Roth, Germany) for 60 min. at ambient temperature with shaking. After washing of the membrane, it was incubated with a solution containing digoxygenylated antibody M-1.19.31. After washing, the bound digoxygenylated antibody was detected with an anti-digoxygenin antibody-HRP conjugate.
  • the HRP of the antibody-enzyme conjugates catalyzes the color reaction of BM-Blue substrate. The signal can directly be controlled visually and captured with a scanner.
  • Biotinylated antibodies M-R10Z8E9, M-1.3.2, M-1.5.8, M-1.7.10 and M-1.19.31 were bound to the streptavidin microtiterplate in the first step.
  • human IgG antibodies of different subclasses were incubated.
  • Human IgG1 kappa; human IgG1 lambda; human IgG4; chimeric human IgG1; human IgG2 (polyclonal purified human IgG2) and human IgG3 (polyclonal purified human IgG3) were prepared in a dilution series and incubated to the streptavidin microtiterplate, coated with biotinylated anti human antibody.
  • the same antibodies as used for coating were used as detection antibodies in digoxygenylated form. This means that the same anti human antibody clone was used for coating and detection. For example one plate was coated with M-1.7.10 Bi and M-1.7.10-Dig was used for detection. After incubation and a washing step, this step was followed by incubation with a horse-radish peroxidase labeled anti-digoxygenin antibody. Absorbance values of each serum sample have been determined in triplicates.
  • Buffer PBS (BIAcore BR-1006-72), pH 7.4, 25° C.
  • a high amount of anti mouse Fc ⁇ antibody (from goat, Jackson Immuno Research Cat. No. 115-005-071) is coupled to sensor chip surface for presentation of the anti-human-IgG antibody. (approx. 8,000-12,000 RU).
  • 10 ⁇ g/ml of the first anti-human-IgG antibody residual free binding capacities of capture anti mouse antibody is saturated with 250 ⁇ g/ml mouse immunoglobulins.
  • a human Fab fragment is injected at a concentration of 10 ⁇ g/ml for 1 min. and will be bound by the first anti-human-IgG antibody.
  • the second anti-human-IgG antibody is injected at a concentration of 10 ⁇ g/ml for 1 min.
  • the second antibody will be able to bind to the immobilized human Fab fragment. Identical binding sites will lead to no binding of the second anti-human-IgG antibody.
  • Positivity of the second binding is defined by a cut-point of 10 RU binding.
  • epitope groups By analyzing all possible combinations of anti human antibodies, epitope groups can be defined.

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US11085937B2 (en) 2015-09-24 2021-08-10 Bloodworks Composition and methods for assessing sensitivity and specificity of antibody detection reagents

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