US20130344759A1 - Method and device for producing a nonwoven geotextile, and geotextile thus produced - Google Patents
Method and device for producing a nonwoven geotextile, and geotextile thus produced Download PDFInfo
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- US20130344759A1 US20130344759A1 US14/003,930 US201214003930A US2013344759A1 US 20130344759 A1 US20130344759 A1 US 20130344759A1 US 201214003930 A US201214003930 A US 201214003930A US 2013344759 A1 US2013344759 A1 US 2013344759A1
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- Prior art keywords
- plant
- stems
- mat
- crushed
- fibers
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/425—Cellulose series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
- D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/74—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
- D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H5/02—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling
- D04H5/03—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling by fluid jet
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2008—Fabric composed of a fiber or strand which is of specific structural definition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
- Y10T442/609—Cross-sectional configuration of strand or fiber material is specified
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for producing a nonwoven geotextile and a geotextile thus produced, in particular based on long plant fibers connected mechanically.
- Biodegradable geotextiles are usually produced in three ways:
- Nonwovens regardless of the fibers used, are refined beforehand, which entails complex and costly processes.
- the present invention envisages a nonwoven geotextile comprising:
- the present invention envisages a device for producing a nonwoven geotextile, which comprises:
- the present invention envisages a method for producing a nonwoven geotextile, which comprises
- a geotextile is created with mechanical properties similar to, or even better than, those of known geotextiles, at lower cost.
- the complexity of the process is reduced.
- the amount of labor required is small and production can be substantially automated.
- said plants comprise hemp.
- the stems, stem fragments and plant fibers are coated with soil.
- the soil comprises clay.
- the means for arranging plants into a mat of plant fibers comprises a means of crushing and/or carding plants.
- the means for arranging plants into a plant fiber mat comprises a means of orienting fibers according to at least two different orientations, through the vibrating action of a carrier, or by intersecting supply paths.
- the means for arranging plants into a plant fiber mat comprises a device for incorporating ropes or cables, parallel to the greatest length of the mat, intended to serve as guides.
- origin of the ropes or cables can be plants or other, in particular plastic or metal.
- the means for arranging plants into a plant fiber mat comprises a means of equalizing the thickness of the plant fiber mat.
- the device that is the object of the invention comprises a means of coating the plant fiber mat with soil.
- the means of coating the plant fiber mat is designed to coat the plant fiber mat with soil comprising clay.
- the method that is the object of the invention comprises a step of coating the plant fiber mat with soil.
- the plant fiber mat is coated with soil comprising clay.
- FIG. 1 shows a device 105 for producing a geotextile 110 .
- the device 105 comprises
- the plants are introduced at the inlet 140 of the device 105 .
- the means 115 of arranging the plants forms a mat, illustrated in FIG. 3 , of crushed plant stems more than five millimeters in diameter, plant stem fragments and raw plant fibers partially attached to said crushed stems.
- the means 115 of arranging the plants comprises:
- the plants used comprise hemp.
- the hemp is combined with stems of other plants to produce a nonwoven geotextile with a shorter lifespan and more rapid biodegrability.
- a geotextile is, for example, suitable for seasonal market gardening.
- the means 155 of orienting fibers according to at least two different orientations operates by making a carrier of the mat 125 vibrate (the orienting means 155 comprises, for example, a vibratory corrugated plate, which distributes the fibers uniformly, in different directions), or by the intersection of supply paths.
- the compaction and batting means 160 is formed of crusher rollers.
- the means 115 for arranging plants into a plant fiber mat comprises a device for incorporating ropes or cables, parallel to the greatest length of the mat, intended to serve as guides, after the means 160 .
- guides can be introduced in the depth of the mat 125 .
- This means 165 operates by spraying water under pressure. More specifically, several lines of high-pressure jets perforate and/or crush parts of the stems, partially defibering them. In addition, fine materials “glue” and/or absorb the various fine elements.
- the finished geotextile 110 is made into rolls or semi-rigid sheets.
- the geotextile thus produced can then be processed according to use.
- the device 105 is intended particularly for the production of nonwoven geotextiles to be used as a substitute for products used for “mulch” and in particular for replacing fabrics made from steeped jute or coconut fibers by hemp-based nonwovens.
- coating with soil can be provided for.
- coating with soil containing clay in particular consisting of pure clay, allows a watertight geotextile to be formed.
- a geotextile can form protection against water penetration for a building or a drain, such as the drain illustrated in FIG. 5 .
- the coating can be achieved by projection or impregnation, or by crushing loosened soil.
- FIG. 2 shows that, in a particular embodiment of the method that is the object of the present invention, during a step 205 , plants are introduced as input, in the form of large-sized plants, typically stems measuring up to 2.5 m.
- stem plants in the form of large-sized plants, are partially reduced to form stem elements preferably more than twenty centimeters long and, even more preferably, more than fifty centimeters long.
- the plants are crushed to form a mat of crushed plant stems more than five millimeters in diameter, plant stem fragments and raw plant fibers partially attached to said crushed stems.
- the stems and/or the fibers are oriented so as to be oriented according to at least two different directions.
- the thickness of the plant fiber mat is equalized.
- ropes or cables are incorporated into the fibers, parallel to the greatest length of the fiber mat.
- mechanical connections are created between the fibers of the mat, in the depth of the mat, by spraying water under pressure onto the plant fibers or, in a variant, with a multi-needle quilting machine (needlepunching).
- a nonwoven geotextile is created with mechanical properties similar to, or even better than, those of known geotextiles, at lower cost.
- this geotextile can be coated, in particular with soil, for example clay-based.
- FIG. 3 shows, in a mat 125 , crushed plant stems 305 more than five millimeters in diameter, small raw stems and stem fragments 310 (several centimeters to several tens of centimeters long, 0.1 to 1 centimeter in diameter) and plant fibers 315 , interwoven. A portion of the plant fibers are attached to the crushed stems.
- FIG. 4 shows, in a nonwoven geotextile 110 , crushed plant stems 305 connected mechanically by stem fragments, plant fibers and fine matter binding, between them, the stems 305 .
- the geotextile that is the object of the present invention has a weight of 200 to 5,000 g/m 2 , and preferably between 400 and 1,000 g/m 2 .
- FIG. 5 shows a nonwoven geotextile 405 coated with clay 410 for forming a drain, here covered with stones 415 .
- the geotextile 405 provides the structure and the clay 410 ensures the impermeability, partial or complete, of the drain thus formed.
- the stones 415 hold the geotextile in place and prevent the drain being quickly blocked by leaves, for example. The drained water therefore flows around stones over the clay layer 410 coating the geotextile 405 .
- a second layer of geotextile that is the object of the present invention 420 is positioned above the first, to hold the intermediate elements in place.
- the upper layer serves to hold the clay in place between the two layers.
- the geotextile layer 420 is less coarse than the geotextile layer 405 .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
A nonwoven geotextile includes: crushed plant stems (305) more than five millimeters in diameter; plant stem fragments (310); and plant fibers (315) partially attached to the crushed stems, wherein the plant stems and the plant stem fragments are interwoven by element of mechanical connections produced by spraying water. In preferred embodiments, the plants include hemp. The device for producing such a nonwoven geotextile includes: elements for arranging plants into a mat including crushed plant stems more than five millimeters in diameter, plant stem fragments and plant fibers partially attached to the crushed stems; and elements for spraying water onto the mat so as to form mechanical connections between the crushed plant stems, the plant stem fragments and the plant fibers of the mat.
Description
- The present invention relates to a method and a device for producing a nonwoven geotextile and a geotextile thus produced, in particular based on long plant fibers connected mechanically.
- Biodegradable geotextiles are usually produced in three ways:
-
- from hand-woven coconut or hemp fibers or
- from short fibers mechanically connected by mechanical needlepunching methods using metal needles.
- chemical assemblies with binders based, for example, on starch.
- These techniques have several drawbacks. Firstly they are highly labor-intensive, secondly they are dependent on a geographic concentration of the fibers used, and thirdly their manufacture entails high production costs. The risk of blockages of the machinery's mechanisms compels manufacturers to use as input short fibers in the form of flakes (less than ten centimeters long), requiring a prior additional production step and restricting the choice of fibers.
- Nonwovens, regardless of the fibers used, are refined beforehand, which entails complex and costly processes.
- This invention aims to remedy all or part of these drawbacks. To this end, according to a first aspect, the present invention envisages a nonwoven geotextile comprising:
-
- crushed plant stems having a diameter of more than five millimeters,
- plant stem fragments and
- plant fibers partially attached to said crushed stems,
wherein the plant stems and the plant stem fragments are interwoven by means of mechanical connections produced by spraying water.
- According to a second aspect, the present invention envisages a device for producing a nonwoven geotextile, which comprises:
-
- a means for arranging plants into a mat comprising crushed plant stems having a diameter of more than five millimeters, plant stem fragments and raw plant fibers partially attached to said crushed stems; and
- a means for spraying water onto said mat so as to form mechanical connections between the crushed plant stems, the plant stem fragments and the plant fibers of said mat.
- According to a third aspect, the present invention envisages a method for producing a nonwoven geotextile, which comprises
-
- a step of arranging plants into a mat comprising crushed plant stems having a diameter of more than five millimeters, plant stem fragments and raw plant fibers partially attached to said crushed stems; and
- a step of spraying water onto said mat so as to form mechanical connections between the crushed plant stems, the plant stem fragments and the plant fibers of said mat.
- Thanks to each of the aspects of the present invention, a geotextile is created with mechanical properties similar to, or even better than, those of known geotextiles, at lower cost. In effect, by eliminating the processing of the plants prior to forming the mat the complexity of the process is reduced. Moreover, the amount of labor required is small and production can be substantially automated.
- The various aspects of the present invention thus make it possible to remove what is considered a technical impossibility linked to the use of stems and long fibers and to produce a nonwoven with better mechanical properties than the nonwoven geotextiles known from the prior art.
- In addition, the risk of machine blockages is eliminated because the mechanical connections are created without contact, by spraying water.
- According to particular features of each aspect of the invention, said plants comprise hemp.
- According to particular features of the geotextile that is the object of the invention, the stems, stem fragments and plant fibers are coated with soil.
- According to particular features of the geotextile that is the object of the invention, the soil comprises clay.
- Thanks to each of these provisions, a layer of material is formed, hermetic in the case where clay is used, which makes it possible to form drains at minimal cost using natural materials.
- According to particular features, the means for arranging plants into a mat of plant fibers comprises a means of crushing and/or carding plants.
- According to particular features, the means for arranging plants into a plant fiber mat comprises a means of orienting fibers according to at least two different orientations, through the vibrating action of a carrier, or by intersecting supply paths.
- According to particular features, the means for arranging plants into a plant fiber mat comprises a device for incorporating ropes or cables, parallel to the greatest length of the mat, intended to serve as guides.
- It is noted that the origin of the ropes or cables can be plants or other, in particular plastic or metal.
- According to particular features, the means for arranging plants into a plant fiber mat comprises a means of equalizing the thickness of the plant fiber mat.
- According to particular features, the device that is the object of the invention comprises a means of coating the plant fiber mat with soil.
- According to particular features of the device that is the object of the invention, the means of coating the plant fiber mat is designed to coat the plant fiber mat with soil comprising clay.
- According to particular features, the method that is the object of the invention comprises a step of coating the plant fiber mat with soil.
- According to particular features of the method that is the object of the invention, during the plant fiber mat coating step the plant fiber mat is coated with soil comprising clay.
- The advantages, aims and special features of the geotextile that is the object of the present invention also constitute advantages, aims and special features of the method and device that are the objects of the present invention and vice versa. They are therefore not repeated here.
- Other advantages, aims and characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the description that will follow, made, as an example that is in no way limiting, with reference to the drawings included in an appendix, wherein:
-
-
FIG. 1 is a developed view of the device that is the object of the present invention, in a particular embodiment, -
FIG. 2 represents, in the form of a logical diagram, steps utilized in a particular embodiment of the device that is the object of the present invention, -
FIG. 3 represents, schematically, a mat of stems, stem fragments and fibers before spraying with water, -
FIG. 4 represents, schematically, a mat of stems, stem fragments and fibers before spraying with water and -
FIG. 5 represents, schematically and in cross-section, a realized drain based on a geotextile that is the object of the present invention.
-
- First of all, it is noted that the figures are not to scale.
-
FIG. 1 shows adevice 105 for producing a geotextile 110. Thedevice 105 comprises -
- a
means 115 for arranging plants into amat 125, - a
means 165 of forming mechanical connections in saidmat 125 and - optionally, a
means 170 of coating themat 125.
- a
- The plants are introduced at the
inlet 140 of thedevice 105. - The
means 115 of arranging the plants forms a mat, illustrated inFIG. 3 , of crushed plant stems more than five millimeters in diameter, plant stem fragments and raw plant fibers partially attached to said crushed stems. - In the embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 1 , themeans 115 of arranging the plants comprises: -
- a
means 140 of inputting raw plants, in the form of large-sized plants, typically stems measuring up to 2.5 m, - a
means 145 of partially reducing stem plants, using a knife, to form stem elements preferably more than a few centimeters long and, even more preferably, more than ten centimeters long, - a
means 150 of crushing and/or carding plants, - a
means 155 of orienting fibers according to at least two different orientations, - a means 160 of equalizing the thickness of the
plant fiber mat 125, also referred to as compaction and batting.
- a
- Preferably, the plants used comprise hemp. In embodiments, the hemp is combined with stems of other plants to produce a nonwoven geotextile with a shorter lifespan and more rapid biodegrability. Such a geotextile is, for example, suitable for seasonal market gardening.
- In embodiments, the
means 155 of orienting fibers according to at least two different orientations operates by making a carrier of themat 125 vibrate (the orienting means 155 comprises, for example, a vibratory corrugated plate, which distributes the fibers uniformly, in different directions), or by the intersection of supply paths. - In embodiments, the compaction and batting means 160 is formed of crusher rollers.
- In embodiments (not shown), the
means 115 for arranging plants into a plant fiber mat comprises a device for incorporating ropes or cables, parallel to the greatest length of the mat, intended to serve as guides, after themeans 160. Thus, in order to facilitate the product's subsequent handling, guides (ropes, cables, threads) can be introduced in the depth of themat 125. - Then, mechanical connections between the stem fragments and the fibers of the
mat 125 are created in the depth of themat 125 by themeans 165 of forming connections. This means 165 operates by spraying water under pressure. More specifically, several lines of high-pressure jets perforate and/or crush parts of the stems, partially defibering them. In addition, fine materials “glue” and/or absorb the various fine elements. - On output from the device illustrated in
FIG. 1 , thefinished geotextile 110 is made into rolls or semi-rigid sheets. The geotextile thus produced can then be processed according to use. - The
device 105 is intended particularly for the production of nonwoven geotextiles to be used as a substitute for products used for “mulch” and in particular for replacing fabrics made from steeped jute or coconut fibers by hemp-based nonwovens. - In the case where the device comprises a coating means 170, coating with soil can be provided for. In particular, coating with soil containing clay, in particular consisting of pure clay, allows a watertight geotextile to be formed. For example, such a geotextile can form protection against water penetration for a building or a drain, such as the drain illustrated in
FIG. 5 . The coating can be achieved by projection or impregnation, or by crushing loosened soil. -
FIG. 2 shows that, in a particular embodiment of the method that is the object of the present invention, during astep 205, plants are introduced as input, in the form of large-sized plants, typically stems measuring up to 2.5 m. - During a step 210, stem plants, in the form of large-sized plants, are partially reduced to form stem elements preferably more than twenty centimeters long and, even more preferably, more than fifty centimeters long.
- During a
step 220, the plants are crushed to form a mat of crushed plant stems more than five millimeters in diameter, plant stem fragments and raw plant fibers partially attached to said crushed stems. - During a
step 225, the stems and/or the fibers are oriented so as to be oriented according to at least two different directions. - During a
step 230, the thickness of the plant fiber mat is equalized. - During a
step 235, ropes or cables are incorporated into the fibers, parallel to the greatest length of the fiber mat. - During a
step 240, mechanical connections are created between the fibers of the mat, in the depth of the mat, by spraying water under pressure onto the plant fibers or, in a variant, with a multi-needle quilting machine (needlepunching). - As can be seen by reading the description above, thanks to the utilization of the present invention, a nonwoven geotextile is created with mechanical properties similar to, or even better than, those of known geotextiles, at lower cost.
- During an
optional step 245, this geotextile can be coated, in particular with soil, for example clay-based. -
FIG. 3 shows, in amat 125, crushed plant stems 305 more than five millimeters in diameter, small raw stems and stem fragments 310 (several centimeters to several tens of centimeters long, 0.1 to 1 centimeter in diameter) andplant fibers 315, interwoven. A portion of the plant fibers are attached to the crushed stems. -
FIG. 4 shows, in anonwoven geotextile 110, crushed plant stems 305 connected mechanically by stem fragments, plant fibers and fine matter binding, between them, the stems 305. - It is noted that utilizing entirely natural stems provides geotextiles with different Thicknesses—and therefore different grammages—than the nonwoven products known from the prior art. For example, the geotextile that is the object of the present invention has a weight of 200 to 5,000 g/m2, and preferably between 400 and 1,000 g/m2.
-
FIG. 5 shows anonwoven geotextile 405 coated withclay 410 for forming a drain, here covered withstones 415. Thegeotextile 405 provides the structure and theclay 410 ensures the impermeability, partial or complete, of the drain thus formed. Thestones 415 hold the geotextile in place and prevent the drain being quickly blocked by leaves, for example. The drained water therefore flows around stones over theclay layer 410 coating thegeotextile 405. - In the embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 4 , a second layer of geotextile that is the object of thepresent invention 420 is positioned above the first, to hold the intermediate elements in place. In the case where there is no stone between the two layers ofgeotextile geotextile layer 420 is less coarse than thegeotextile layer 405.
Claims (21)
1-16. (canceled)
17. Nonwoven geotextile, that comprises:
crushed plant stems more than five millimeters in diameter,
plant stem fragments, and
plant fibers partially attached to said crushed stems, wherein the plant stems and the plant stem fragments are interwoven by means of mechanical connections produced by spraying water.
18. Geotextile according to claim 17 , wherein said plants comprise hemp.
19. Geotextile according to claim 18 , wherein the stems, stem fragments and plant fibers are coated with soil.
20. Geotextile according to claim 17 , wherein the stems, stem fragments and plant fibers are coated with soil.
21. Geotextile according to claim 20 , wherein the soil comprises clay.
22. Device for producing a nonwoven geotextile, that comprises:
a means for arranging plants into a mat comprising crushed plant stems more than five millimeters in diameter, plant stem fragments, and plant fibers partially attached to said crushed stems; and
a means for spraying water onto said mat so as to form mechanical connections between the crushed plant stems, the plant stem fragments and the plant fibers of said mat.
23. Device according to claim 22 , wherein said plants comprise hemp.
24. Device according to claim 23 , that comprises a means of coating the plant fiber mat with soil.
25. Device according to claim 22 , that comprises a means of coating the plant fiber mat with soil.
26. Device according to claim 25 , wherein the means of coating the plant fiber mat is designed to coat the plant fiber mat with soil comprising clay.
27. Device according to claim 22 , wherein the means for arranging plants into a mat of plant fibers comprises a means of crushing and/or carding plants.
28. Device according to claim 22 , wherein the means for arranging plants into a plant fiber mat comprises a means of orienting fibers according to at least two different orientations, through the vibrating action of a carrier.
29. Device according to claim 22 , wherein the means for arranging plants into a plant fiber mat comprises a means of orienting fibers according to at least two different orientations by intersecting supply paths.
30. Device according to claim 22 , wherein the means for arranging plants into a plant fiber mat comprises a device for incorporating ropes or cables, parallel to the greatest length of the mat, intended to serve as guides.
31. Device according to claim 22 , wherein the means for arranging plants into a plant fiber mat comprises a means of equalizing the thickness of the plant fiber mat.
32. Method for producing a nonwoven geotextile, that comprises:
a step of arranging plants into a mat comprising crushed plant stems more than five millimeters in diameter, plant stem fragments, and plant fibers partially attached to said crushed stems; and
a step of spraying water onto said mat so as to form mechanical connections between the crushed plant stems, the plant stem fragments and the plant fibers of said mat.
33. Method according to claim 32 , wherein said plants comprise hemp.
34. Method according to claim 33 , that comprises a step of coating the plant fiber mat with soil.
35. Method according to claim 32 , that comprises a step of coating the plant fiber mat with soil.
36. Method according to claim 35 , wherein, during the plant fiber mat coating step, the plant fiber mat is coated with soil comprising clay.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1151902A FR2972462B1 (en) | 2011-03-08 | 2011-03-08 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING NON-WOVEN GEOTEXTILE AND GEOTEXTILE SO PRODUCED |
FR1151902 | 2011-03-08 | ||
PCT/FR2012/050488 WO2012146847A1 (en) | 2011-03-08 | 2012-03-08 | Method and device for producing a nonwoven geotextile, and geotextile thus produced |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20130344759A1 true US20130344759A1 (en) | 2013-12-26 |
Family
ID=44168832
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/003,930 Abandoned US20130344759A1 (en) | 2011-03-08 | 2012-03-08 | Method and device for producing a nonwoven geotextile, and geotextile thus produced |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130344759A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2683865B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2829251C (en) |
ES (1) | ES2538329T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2972462B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2683865T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012146847A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2020031595A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-03-05 | 東興ジオテック株式会社 | Slope spraying greening method and vegetation base material |
DE202019101498U1 (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2020-06-19 | Naue Gmbh & Co. Kg | Geomaterial web with biological degradation properties |
EP3708357A1 (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2020-09-16 | Naue GmbH & Co. KG | Geomaterial strip with biological degradation characteristics |
US20210348356A1 (en) * | 2018-09-24 | 2021-11-11 | Geobrugg Ag | Protective device, slope securing means as well as use of and method for producing the protective device |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3022268B1 (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2018-09-14 | Geco Ingenierie | SOLID RETENTION DEVICE, METHODS OF MANUFACTURING AND FIXING SUCH A DEVICE |
WO2016012529A1 (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-01-28 | Géco Ingénierie | Device and method for dredging a watercourse or body of water, bag for plant matter, and method for storing plant matter |
FR3039175B1 (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2017-08-18 | Soletanche Freyssinet | REINFORCED COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL |
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JP2020031595A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-03-05 | 東興ジオテック株式会社 | Slope spraying greening method and vegetation base material |
JP7027282B2 (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2022-03-01 | 東興ジオテック株式会社 | Slope spray greening method and vegetation base material |
US20210348356A1 (en) * | 2018-09-24 | 2021-11-11 | Geobrugg Ag | Protective device, slope securing means as well as use of and method for producing the protective device |
US11773559B2 (en) * | 2018-09-24 | 2023-10-03 | Geobrugg Ag | Protective device, slope securing means as well as use of and method for producing the protective device |
DE202019101498U1 (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2020-06-19 | Naue Gmbh & Co. Kg | Geomaterial web with biological degradation properties |
EP3708357A1 (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2020-09-16 | Naue GmbH & Co. KG | Geomaterial strip with biological degradation characteristics |
WO2020187552A1 (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2020-09-24 | Naue Gmbh & Co. Kg | Geomaterial web with biological degradation properties |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2972462B1 (en) | 2013-03-08 |
ES2538329T3 (en) | 2015-06-19 |
PL2683865T3 (en) | 2015-08-31 |
CA2829251C (en) | 2018-08-14 |
FR2972462A1 (en) | 2012-09-14 |
EP2683865B1 (en) | 2015-03-04 |
EP2683865A1 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
CA2829251A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
WO2012146847A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
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