US20130315852A1 - Durable styling compositions and the uses thereof - Google Patents

Durable styling compositions and the uses thereof Download PDF

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US20130315852A1
US20130315852A1 US13/990,966 US201113990966A US2013315852A1 US 20130315852 A1 US20130315852 A1 US 20130315852A1 US 201113990966 A US201113990966 A US 201113990966A US 2013315852 A1 US2013315852 A1 US 2013315852A1
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hair
copolymer
pvm
composition according
compound
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David C. Streuli
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ISP Investments LLC
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/817—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Compositions or derivatives of such polymers, e.g. vinylimidazol, vinylcaprolactame, allylamines (Polyquaternium 6)
    • A61K8/8182—Copolymers of vinyl-pyrrolidones. Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D7/00—Processes of waving, straightening or curling hair
    • A45D7/06—Processes of waving, straightening or curling hair combined chemical and thermal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/34—Alcohols
    • A61K8/342—Alcohols having more than seven atoms in an unbroken chain
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/41—Amines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
    • A61K8/731—Cellulose; Quaternized cellulose derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/8141—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A61K8/8152—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters, e.g. (meth)acrylic acid esters; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/8164—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical, and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers, e.g. poly (methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
    • A61Q5/06—Preparations for styling the hair, e.g. by temporary shaping or colouring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
    • A61Q5/12—Preparations containing hair conditioners
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/59—Mixtures
    • A61K2800/594—Mixtures of polymers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to compositions for hair care, and more specifically, to compositions that impart a durable hair styles that last for up to 5 wash cycles or more.
  • hair styling benefits like shine, softness, and manageability, especially for wavy, curly, or frizzy hair.
  • these benefits are attained using hair care products like rinse-off shampoos and conditioners, and leave-in products that are not washed off like gels and mousses.
  • hair care products like rinse-off shampoos and conditioners, and leave-in products that are not washed off like gels and mousses.
  • people with straight hair often curl their hair to change their hair style and appearance.
  • Curling irons and hair curlers can provide curls and/or waves, which are then held in place using hair spray. In both scenarios, however, the results are often short-lived as the hair styling benefits are not durable, but rather are lost after washing.
  • Other styling products like permanent wave and high-pH hair straightening formulas, achieve a permanent hair style by altering the chemical nature of the internal hair structure.
  • compositions and methods for delivering durable hair styling benefits comprise a first compound having diacid, diester, half-acid/half-ester, or anhydride functionality, and a second compound having at least one amine moiety or hydroxyl functional group.
  • the first and second compounds may be different compounds or the same compound having both functionalities.
  • the first compound is one or more polymers having diacid functionality, like maleic acid groups (like PVM/MA copolymer) or their ethyl, isopropyl, and butyl half-ester counterparts. Combinations of these polymers may be used.
  • the second compound also may be a polymer, such as polyimide-1. Other examples of the first and second compounds are provided herein.
  • These durable styling compositions may take the form of leave-in hair care products, like sprays, lotions, mists, and mousses, and may be applied to damp hair, for example, after shampooing.
  • durable styling benefits include, but are not limited to, softness, defrizzing, decurling and/or dewaving (or curls and/or waves when imparting these styles to straight hair), shine enhancement, improved hair alignment, and better manageability.
  • FIG. 1A-1D are photographs of hair treated in accordance with Example 289.
  • FIG. 2A-2C are photographs of hair treated in accordance with Example 289.
  • FIG. 3 is a photograph of hair treated in accordance with Comparative Example 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a bar graph of average tress widths for tress samples in accordance with Example 290.
  • FIG. 5 is a bar graph of dry hair properties as described in accordance with Example 291.
  • FIG. 6 is a bar graph of wet hair properties as described in accordance with Example 291.
  • FIG. 7 is a photograph of a tress treated in accordance with Example 292.
  • FIG. 8 is a photograph of a tress treated in accordance with Example 292.
  • FIG. 9 is a photograph of a tress treated in accordance with Example 292.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph of reduction in width as a function of number of washes for tresses treated in accordance with Example 292.
  • FIG. 11A is a photograph of tress treated in accordance with Example 292.
  • FIG. 11B is a luminosity graph for the tress of FIG. 11A .
  • FIG. 12A is a photograph of tress treated in accordance with Example 292.
  • FIG. 12B is a luminosity graph for the tress of FIG. 12A .
  • FIG. 13A is a photograph of a tress treated in accordance with Example 304.
  • FIG. 13B is a photograph of a tress treated in accordance with Example 304.
  • FIG. 14 is a bar graph of ⁇ E* for tresses treated in accordance with Example 305.
  • FIG. 15 is a graph of % mass change as a function of time for tresses treated in accordance with Example 306.
  • FIG. 16 A-D, 17 A-D, and 18 A-D are before and after photographs of tresses produced in accordance with Example 307.
  • FIG. 19 is a graph of number of collected hair pieces as a function of treatment produced in accordance with Example 308.
  • FIG. 20 is a graph of % tryptophan degradation as a function of treatment produced in accordance with Example 309.
  • compositions that impart one or more durable styling benefits to hair, and to the methods to attain these benefits.
  • the inventors have found improvement in softness, defrizzing, decurling, dewaving, shine, hair alignment, and management that last for up to 5 wash cycles or more after treatment without the need to reapply the durable style composition nor the activating heat treatment. Without being bound by theory, it is believed these compositions provide a surface treatment with hair, and in this way are not harsh nor damaging to hear like permanent wave or high-pH straightening preparations.
  • the durable styling compositions prescribed herein comprise at least one first compound having acid functionality.
  • this first acid-compound is a polymer, oligomer, or small molecule having diacid, diester, or half-ester/half-acid functionality, e.g., at least one repeating unit based on a structure represented by:
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, alkyl groups, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals; and p is an integer greater than 2.
  • the alkyl group is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, or butyl.
  • any alkyl group can be employed for R 1 and/or R 2 of structure (1), as it is a leaving group during heat-induced dehydration to form the corresponding anhydride analogue.
  • Suitable alkali and alkaline earth metals include sodium, calcium, and potassium.
  • R 1 and/or R 2 can be used.
  • Q is a direct bond, so that the repeating units shown in (1) and (2) can be represented by the structures:
  • the first compound having at least one repeating unit represented by structures (1) and/or (2) also will have other repeating units, i.e., the first compound may be a polymer that is a non-homopolymer.
  • these other repeating units and the amounts of each unit can be selected to modulate the polymer's properties, especially with respect to molecular weight, water solubility, film-formation, glass transition temperature, viscosity, and benefits imparted to hair.
  • such a non-homopolymer may also have at least one other unit selected from: adipic acid benzoic acid butyl benzoic acid decadiene, ethylene, isobutene, isooctylene, (meth)acrylic esters of saturated or unsaturated cyclic or bicyclic alcohols having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, (meth)acrylic esters of a straight- or branched-chain alkyl alcohols, neopentyl glycol octadecene palmitic acid pentaerythritol/neopentyl glycol phthlatic anhydride styrene, trimethylolethane vinyl acetate, or vinyl alkyl ethers.
  • adipic acid benzoic acid butyl benzoic acid decadiene ethylene, isobutene, isooctylene
  • non-homopolymers suitable as the first compound are: adipic acid/neopentyl glycol/trimellitic anhydride copolymer, benzoic acid/phthalic anhydride/pentaerythritol/neopentyl glycol/palmitic acid copolymer, butyl benzoic acid/phthalic anhydride/trimethylolethane copolymer, butyl ester of ethylene/MA copolymer, butyl ester of PVM/MA copolymer, calcium/sodium salt of PVM/MA copolymer, ethyl ester of PVM/MA copolymer, ethylene/MA copolymer, isobutylene/MA copolymer, isopropyl ester of PVM/MA copolymer, octadecene/MA copolymer, phthalic anhydride/adipic acid/castor oil/neopentyl glycol/PEG-3/
  • the non-homopolymer comprises one or more repeating units based on alkyl vinyl ethers, such as C1-C20 vinyl ethers, including methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, octyl vinyl ether, dodecyl vinyl ether, lauryl vinyl ether, and eicosyl vinyl ether.
  • alkyl vinyl ethers such as C1-C20 vinyl ethers, including methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, octyl vinyl ether, dodecyl vinyl ether, lauryl vinyl ether, and eicosyl vinyl ether.
  • These polymers also may comprise poly(vinyl methyl ether/maleic acid), its diester, half-acid/half-ester, and anhydride analogues, which are well known to the personal care arts.
  • the invention also contemplates the use of mixed alkyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride polymers, as well as their diacid and este
  • (meth)acrylic esters of a straight- or branched-chain alkyl alcohols are also included.
  • Polymers with many different attributes can be created by selecting the straight- or branched-chain alkyl alcohols, for example, higher molecular weight alkyl alcohols are generally more hydrophobic than lower molecular weight alcohols having one to four carbon atoms.
  • One (meth)acrylic ester of a straight-chain alkyl alcohol illustrated in the Examples is lauryl (meth)acrylate, which includes both lauryl methacrylate and lauryl acrylate.
  • (Meth)acrylic esters of saturated or unsaturated cyclic or bicyclic alcohols having 6 to 20 carbon atoms also may be selected as a comonomer to the repeating unit(s) represented in structures (1) or (2).
  • a member of these (meth)acrylic esters is isobornyl (meth)acrylate.
  • Compounds comprising one or more structures represented by (2) and/or (4) may be functionalized, given the reactivity of the anhydride moiety. In this way additional functionality may be imparted to the first compound (A), especially those useful in the personal care and hair care arts.
  • the term “functionalized” when used in regard to functionalized maleic (or itaconic) anhydride refers to reaction products wherein the anhydride moiety has been altered by a reaction such as, but not limited to: acylation, alkylation, amidation, cycloaddition, decomposition/decarboxylation, Diels-Alder reaction, electrophilic addition and nucleophilic addition, ene reaction, esterification, formation of acid chloride, Grignard reactions, halogenation, heterogeneous catalytic reduction, hydration and dehydration, hydroformylation, isomerization, ligation, Michael addition, and/or ozonolysis and oxidation.
  • Such derivatization may involve some or all or the anhydride units of a first compound (A).
  • this first compound belongs to the poly(vinylmethyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) (PVM/MA) family of polymers, which includes the alkyl half-ester variants like ethyl ester, isopropyl ester, and butyl ester. It is recognized in the art the alkyl half-ester variants dehydrate at a lower temperature than maleic acid. This lower dehydration temperature may be beneficially exploited to decrease the first-time heat styling temperature.
  • PVM/MA poly(vinylmethyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)
  • maleic anhydride While the maleic anhydride moiety is believed to be reactive toward the amino acid groups of hair, maleic anhydride is relatively poorly water-soluble, but readily hydrolyzes in water or esterifies in the presence of alcohol(s), both of which enhance water solubility.
  • Various salts of these acids can be created by pH adjustment using one or more acids or bases, such as sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and/or calcium hydroxide.
  • acids or bases such as sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and/or calcium hydroxide.
  • trimellitic anhydride is recognized as having three maleic anhydride moieties.
  • Representative materials include adipic acid/neopentyl glycol/trimellitic anhydride copolymer (CAS number 28407-73-0), and trimethylpentane-diol/isophthalic acid/trimellitic anhydride copolymer.
  • Q also describes repeating units based on itaconic acid, or a half-ester, diacid, or salt thereof.
  • Representative materials based on itaconic anhydride include PVP/VA/itaconic acid copolymer (CAS number 68928-72-3).
  • the durable styling composition also comprises at least one second compound having at least one amine moiety or hydroxyl functional group.
  • these groups provides additional reactivity to the maleic anhydride moiety of the first compound, forming a covalently bonded, hydrogen bonded, and/or weakly associated matrix with hair.
  • quaternized nitrogen moieties are known to be substantive to hair, which also might provide the mechanism for the interaction.
  • This second compound may be the same as or different from the abovedescribed first compound, as will be shown later.
  • the second compound comprises a polymer.
  • Suitable polymers include those approved for personal care compositions, and include polyimide-1, vinyl caprolactam/VP/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer (and) lauryl pyrrolidone copolymer, polyquaternium-69, VP/vinyl caprolactam/DMAPA acrylate copolymer, VP/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, vinyl caprolactam/VP/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, quaternized copolymer of VP and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, copolymer of VP and methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride, VP/dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide copolymer, polyquaternium-55, polyquaternium-28, polyquaternium-7, and polyimide-1 functionalized to contain high
  • this second compound of the invention is the polymer isobutylene/dimethylaminopropylmaleimide/ethoxylated maleimide/maleic acid (polyimide-1).
  • polyimide-1 polymer isobutylene/dimethylaminopropylmaleimide/ethoxylated maleimide/maleic acid
  • This polymer features both an amine moiety and maleic acid/half-ester moieties, which also facilitates its chemical reactivity also as a first compound of the invention.
  • the first and second compounds of the durable styling composition indeed can be a single, unitary compound.
  • polyimide-1 and compounds based on it can be customized to offer unique and durable styling compositions.
  • the parent polymer, polyimide-1 can be represented by the structure:
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, alkyl groups, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals.
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, alkyl groups, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals.
  • the second compound that comprises at least one second compound having at least one amine moiety or hydroxyl group is not a polymer.
  • the second compound may be an oligomer or a small molecule.
  • Suitable compounds having at least one amine moiety include polyether amines, such as the Jeffamine® product line offered for commercial sale by Huntsman Corporation (Everberg, BE). A review of this product line is presented in a published sales brochure titled, “The Jeffamine® Polyetheramines,” which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. These polymers are primarily based on ethylene oxide (EO) and/or propylene oxide (PO), and contain one, two, or three primary amine groups per molecule.
  • EO ethylene oxide
  • PO propylene oxide
  • a feature of the Jeffamine® polyether amines is the range of properties attainable by customizing the units, ratio of EO/PO, and molecular weight.
  • the Jeffamine® ED series possesses a polyethylene glycol-based backbone, and is completely water soluble, while various “experimental amines” are oleophilic and not water soluble.
  • these polyether amines are contemplated singly and in combinations.
  • the Jeffamine® family of polymers also offers chemical flexibility by offering different numbers of amine groups per molecule, including (but are not limited to) polyether monoamines (e.g., Jeffamine® M series), polyether diamines (e.g., Jeffamine® D, ED, and EDR series) and polyether triamines (e.g., Jeffamine® T series). These different polymer families allow formulation and product flexibility while maintaining essentially the same base chemistry.
  • polyether monoamines e.g., Jeffamine® M series
  • polyether diamines e.g., Jeffamine® D, ED, and EDR series
  • polyether triamines e.g., Jeffamine® T series
  • polyethyleneimine is well known to those skilled in the art, and a description is provided in Kirk - Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology , third edition, volume 20, 1982, pages 214-216, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the use of polyethyleneimines with primary and secondary amine functionality is contemplated.
  • Linear, branched, and hyperbranched polyethyleneimines are commercially available from Polysciences, Inc. (Warrington, Pa.).
  • Typical polyethyleneimine molecular weights range from about 1,200 g/mol to 100,000 g/mol, although polyethyleneimines with molecular weights outside this range are known to those skilled in the art.
  • Aminofunctional silicones represent another class of compounds that find application in this invention. Broadly speaking, these compounds contain at least one amine group and at least one silicon atom. They represent a broad array of chemistries. For example, aminoalkylsiloxanes, diaminoalkylsiloxanes, aminoalkoxysiloxanes are two non-limiting examples of this polymer family, which can be further reacted to yield chemistries that include polyimides, polyureas, and polyurethanes.
  • aminofunctional silicones include isostearamidopropyl dimethylamine gluconate (and) propylene glycol amine-functional silicones; offered for commercial sale by The Lubrizol Corporation (Wickliffe, Ohio). Also available are a number of aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes, N-ethylamino-is obutylterminated-polydimethylsiloxanes, aminopropylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers, aminoethyl-aminopropyl-methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers, amino ethyl-aminoisobutyl-methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers, and aminoethyl-aminopropylmethoxysiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers, all of which are offered for commercial sale by Gelest, Inc. (Morrr
  • suitable amino polymers include, but are not limited to the amino polymers disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,270,379; 5,373,052; 5,496,545; 5,624,963; 5,667,775; 5,679,717; 5,693,675; 5,703,188; 6,008,316; U.S. Patent Application 2009/0012241; international application WO 2008/066849, all of which are incorporated herein their entirety by reference.
  • the second compound having at least one amine moiety or hydroxyl group may be an amino acid, a protein, or combinations thereof.
  • amino acids include: arginine, histidine, lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine, selenocysteine, proline, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Proteins may be recognized as being constructed at least in part from one or more of these amino acids.
  • the second compound having at least one second compound having at least one amine moiety or hydroxyl group may be any saccharide, or a blend of saccharides.
  • the saccharide may be a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a polysaccharide, or oligosaccharide.
  • Non-limiting examples of saccharide units according to the present invention include erythrose, threose, arabinose, ribose, lysose, xylose, glucose, mannose, allose, altrose, talose, galactose, idose, gulose, fructose, and combinations thereof.
  • the saccharide can comprise two or more of these saccharide units, as in trehalose, which is formed by two glucose units.
  • the second compound having at least one second compound having at least one amine moiety or hydroxyl group may be any small molecule.
  • the small molecule may be any compound having at least one amine moiety and/or at least one hydroxyl group.
  • compositions finding utility for creating a durable hair style typically will comprise at least one solvent-propellant for the first and second compounds.
  • solvent-propellant refers to compounds that exhibit properties ranging from though of a solvent (solvency) to those of a propellant for contained systems.
  • a propellant for contained systems may also act as a solvent or cosolvent for the other ingredients.
  • solvent-propellants generally will be appropriate for the intended application, meaning the solvent-propellant will be non-irritating, non-toxic, compatible with other co-ingredients, and allow delivery of the final product form. Given these considerations, water and lower molecular weight alcohols, either alone or used in combination may be used. Additional benefits from their use is their low cost and commercial availability.
  • lower molecular weight alcohols examples include ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and n-butanol. It is recognized that in some jurisdictions methanol may be used to denature ethanol, and the use of methanol also is contemplated.
  • the solvent-propellant may take the form of a propellant or liquefied gas, which include, but are not limited to: dimethyl ether, hydrofluorocarbon 152A, n-butane, isobutane, propane, isopentane, compressed air, liquefied nitrogen, nitrous oxide, liquefied carbon dioxide, and combinations thereof.
  • a propellant or liquefied gas include, but are not limited to: dimethyl ether, hydrofluorocarbon 152A, n-butane, isobutane, propane, isopentane, compressed air, liquefied nitrogen, nitrous oxide, liquefied carbon dioxide, and combinations thereof.
  • suitable propellants and liquefied gases can be identified by one skilled in the art.
  • durable styling compositions intended as a final product for consumer use may contain from 0.5% to 10% (w active/w) total solids. More particularly, these end-use durable styling compositions may contain from 2% to 6% (w/w) total solids. Lesser amounts of active solids also may be used, depending on the final product formulation and intended use(s).
  • More concentrated forms of the durable styling composition can be realized by a variety of approaches. These products at higher solids offer several benefits, like lower shipping and transportation costs, ease of storage since they occupy less volume, and the ability to reconstitute them to lower solids for end-use applications.
  • the solvent-propellant content can be reduced during preparation, thereby creating a durable styling composition of higher solids content.
  • a durable styling composition can be prepared having a customary amount of solvent-propellant, which is then removed using any of the methods known in the art, such as distillation, vacuum distillation, belt drying, freeze drying, or spray drying methods. It is contemplated to pursue this approach to create formulations of very high solids levels, or even powders (i.e., 100% solids).
  • Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, Seventh Edition (1999) is a reference describing many of these methods, and is incorporated herein its entirety by reference.
  • the final solids level of a concentrated product may, in part, be determined by its viscosity.
  • the concentrate typically will be transferred into secondary containers for storage or shipping, and, hence, the viscosity must not be so great that the concentrate cannot be handled accordingly.
  • a concentrate solids content from 10% to 50% (w/w) solids should be adequate for most formulations.
  • the concentrate contains from 10% to 40% (w/w) solids.
  • the concentrated durable styling compositions may contain around 30% (w/w) solids, which may provide a satisfactory viscosity for storage and dilution capability.
  • the durable styling compositions may also contain optional ingredients that may assist in the delivery, stability, rheology, or final product aesthetics, like texture, spreadability, foam quality, fragrance or color.
  • optional ingredients may be chosen from that materials commonly used and known in the art, and include those compounds disclosed in research disclosures IPCOM 000128968D, available at http://priorartdatabase.com/IPCOM/000128968, and IPCOM 000109682D, available at http://priorartdatabase.com/IPCOM/000109682, both of which are incorporated herein their entirety by reference.
  • polyols are recognized as compounds having more than one hydroxyl group.
  • Well known classes of polyols include diols and glycols (having two hydroxyl groups) and triols (having three hydroxyl groups).
  • the hydroxyl groups of polyols participate in forming a matrix with hair, the first compound, and/or the second compound via a hydrogen bonding or other mechanism.
  • the hydroxyl groups of the polyol may be covalently reacting with these first and second compounds, or even the chemistry of hair itself.
  • the benefits that can be provided by the polyol include: enhanced hair shine and softness.
  • suitable polyols include, but are not limited to, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, and the compounds described earlier in this specification for the second compound having at least one hydroxyl group.
  • Preservatives also may be formulated into the durable styling compositions to achieve the usual benefits they confer, namely, reducing or eliminating bacterial, yeast, and mould growth.
  • Suitable preservatives include paraben- and paraben-free preservatives that are known in the field, and may be used in the customary amounts. Preservatives may be especially useful when formulating concentrated versions of the durable styling compositions, which may be stored prior to dilution and consumer use.
  • the optional polyol(s) and preservative(s) can actually be the same compound.
  • Two examples are Optiphen® and Optiphen® Plus, which are preservatives having a diol, caprylyl glycol, as an ingredient.
  • these preservatives and others like them can help reduce antibacterial growth and simultaneously enhance durable styling benefits without increasing the formulation burden by incorporating a separate polyol.
  • Chelating agents represent a third optional ingredient that may be added to the invention's compositions. Chelation is the process by which metal ions are rendered unable to react with other elements or ions. Chelators assist compositions of the invention by reducing or eliminating the need to use deionized water in the formulation. When the first and second compounds in the durable styling composition are polymers, then chelating agents may help reduce the risk of polymer coagulation, the formation of precipitates or scale.
  • the chelator may be a natural substance, like proteins or polysaccharides, or synthetic, like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or one of its salts, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic tetrasodium (EDTA Na4).
  • the invention also provides for one or more optional initiators in the durable styling composition.
  • the inventors discovered the addition of such materials can enhance the durable benefits of the invention's compositions and methods. Without being bound by theory, it appears the abovedescribed first compound (A) and second compound (B) share an interaction with each other and/or with hair (e.g., covalent bonding, hydrogen bonding, Van der Waal attraction) and form a matrix that is facilitated by the application of heat. Adding one or more initiators may assist this matrix formation, thereby increasing the interactions.
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable crosslinkers include hydrogen peroxide, ceric complexes, ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, cumene peroxide, t-butylperoxypivalate, benzoyl peroxide, as well as mixtures of these initiators.
  • polystyrene resin graft copolymer
  • preservatives chelating agents
  • crosslinkers can be identified by one skilled in the art, for example, by referring to the infobase of the Personal Care Products Council and the Inventory and Common Nomenclature of Ingredients Employed in Cosmetic Products (dated 9 Feb. 2006), both of which are hereby incorporated herein their entirety by reference.
  • compositions described above impart benefits that have not been known before.
  • compositions described herein provide hair styling benefits that persist up to five wash (i.e., shampoo) cycles or more.
  • Consumer benefits include shine, conditioning, defrizzing, decurling, decurling and/or dewaving (or curls and waves when imparting these styles to straight hair), waving, softness, ease of styling, volume improvement, dry combability, wet combability, smooth feeling, improved hair alignment, manageability, color protection, humidity resistance, or overall appearance when the invention's compositions are employed in the styling method.
  • the method comprises applying the durable styling composition to hair that is to be treated.
  • any application amount suffices that covers the hair to be treated.
  • an application level of about 0.15 g of durable styling composition per gram of tress hair was found to yield effective results.
  • higher levels may be used by the stylist or consumer, particularly to make it easier to apply the product.
  • Lesser amounts may be used, for example, if only a section of hair, just the hair tips, or hair roots are to be treated.
  • the consumer may prefer that the hair be shampooed and/or towel dried before this application. Also, it may be preferred that the hair be damp, as it may aide in the distribution of the durable styling composition, but dry hair also may be treated.
  • the durable styling composition should be uniformly delivered, e.g., working from root end to hair tip.
  • the composition may be left in the hair and not be completely removed by washing or rinsing. If the hair has been treated with an excess of composition, the hair may be lightly patted with a towel to absorb and surplus composition, or removed with the fingers.
  • the hair optionally may be combed or brushed to detangle the hair, which may also assist in the styling step which follows.
  • the noted benefits are achieved by creating a crosslinked/bonded network of the first and second compounds to each other and to hair.
  • the first and second compounds according to the invention may be a single compound by itself, such as compounds like a polyimide-1 having high acid content.
  • One method of accomplishing this effect is by applying heat to the treated hair.
  • the first-time heating initiates a dehydration reaction that convert structures (1) and (3) to the anhydride forms of structures (2) and (4).
  • These groups react with the amino acids in hair to form succinimide linkages between the hair and first compound.
  • the exact temperature and duration of heat application depend on the formulation, as it was noted that half esters of maleic acid can dehydrate at lower temperatures than the diacid.
  • the hair styling temperature ranges from about 90° C. to 250° C. More particularly, durable styling may be attained using a temperature of about 130° C. to 230° C.
  • Conventional, heated hair styling tools like flat-irons, curling iron, and hair dryers reach these temperatures, and are suitable for use.
  • Flat-irons and curling irons offer unique hair styling possibilities, in that they can produce straight, curly, and/or wavy hair that, due to the durable styling composition, persists even after washing.
  • the heat application step may occur while the hair is wet/damp with the durable styling composition, or after it has dried (e.g., air dried, blow dried).
  • the invention also contemplates activating the durable styling composition by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and other chemical initiators, such as hydrogen peroxide, ceric complexes, ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, cumene peroxide, t-butylperoxypivalate, benzoyl peroxide, as well as mixtures of these initiators.
  • UV radiation ultraviolet
  • other chemical initiators such as hydrogen peroxide, ceric complexes, ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, cumene peroxide, t-butylperoxypivalate, benzoyl peroxide, as well as mixtures of these initiators.
  • the consumer may wish to apply hair conditioner after washing and/or use styling products like creams, lotions, cream gels, pastes, waxes, hair sprays, mousses, and gels to assist with hair management, qualities, and/or styling preferences.
  • compositions, methods, and benefits additionally are described by the following non-limiting examples:
  • Eighty-eight examples of the invention are prepared having a PVM/MA copolymer and polyimide-1 (Aquaflex® XL-30, 30% active); (Table 3, and Tables 4-11).
  • PVM/MA copolymer 8 formulas are made.
  • An acidic polymer solution with a pH of about 2 is produced after adding the PVM/MA copolymer to water. Under these very low pH conditions a complex results when polyimide-1 was added.
  • the PVM/MA copolymer is dissolved with about 40% of the water in a first vessel, after which the pH is adjusted to 3.5 using sodium hydroxide.
  • the remaining water is mixed with the polyimide-1, and then this solution is added to contents of the first vessel.
  • the preservative if any is added the blended to yield a translucent, viscous polymeric solution.
  • the selected preservative is a blend of phenoxyethanol and caprylyl glycol.
  • the pH of the durable styling composition ranges from 3 to 7 to 11, although lower pH can be made for hair-straightening packs (e.g., for hot/flat irons) and higher pH of 12, 13, or even higher can be made for hair relaxers/wave treatments. Examples 89-96 were reduced to practice.
  • Example 1 Concentrated versions of Examples 1-96 are made to 22.5% (w/w) total solids (Table 12).
  • the choice of PVM/MA copolymer follows the same sequence as in the examples above. First, tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EDTA Na 4 is added to the water with mixing until uniform. Then, the PVM/MA copolymer is dispersed into the water with good mixing. The pH is adjusted with 50% NaOH solution to pH of about 4.5 before adding the polyimide-1, which is mixed-in until uniform. The caprylyl glycol and phenoxyethanol/caprylyl glycol are added individually, mixing until uniform. Once the mixture is uniform, the pH was adjusted to 7.1 ⁇ 0.2 with NaOH solution. Example 192 with Gantrez® S-97 was reduced to practice.
  • Example 196 Concentrated versions for the formulation of Examples 1-96 are prepared at 30% (w/w) solids (Table 13).
  • the choice of PVM/MA copolymer follows the same sequence as in the examples above.
  • EDTA Na 4 is added at 1.00% (w/w) as a chelating agent for metal ions.
  • the pH of this concentrate is adjusted to 7.9 ⁇ 0.2 by the addition of 11.1 grams of sodium hydroxide (50% solution) for every 100 grams of concentrate.
  • Example 288 with Gantrez® S-97 was reduced to practice.
  • Example 96 The formula from Example 96 was applied to the hair of two volunteer panelists. Both panelists had naturally curly hair ( FIGS. 1A and 2A ).
  • the formula was applied by a licensed cosmetologist after washing the hair with a mild, commercial, non-conditioning shampoo, and then towel dried to remove excess water. The sufficient amount of the formula was used to saturate all hair from root ends to hair tips.
  • the polymer solution was left on the hair, blow dried straight, and then the hair flat-ironed using a two-pass method to ensure hair reached the proper temperature for activating the durable styling composition.
  • both panelists had soft, straight, silky hair that appeared noticeably longer than the initial, curly hair ( FIGS. 1B and 2B ).
  • the panelists complied with the study request not to wash their hair, nor to apply any products to their hair (such as hair spray, gel, conditioner, or mousse) for 5 days. They were permitted to comb/brush their hair as needed. Instead, for days 2 through 5 the panelists returned to the licensed cosmetologist once a day who washed their hair using the same mild, commercial, non-conditioning shampoo, followed by a rinse-off conditioner, and towel drying. The hair was diffused-dried with a hair dryer, and then combed with a large-toothed comb. However, heated styling devices like a flat-iron or curling iron were not used.
  • a hair lock was divided into three equal tresses in order to evaluate the effect of three treatments on frizz.
  • the first and second tresses served as controls, while the third tress was treated in accordance with the invention.
  • Each tress was equally washed with a non-care/non-conditioning shampoo, and then rinsed until the water was clear.
  • the first hair tress was blow dried straight and then flat ironed using 4 passes with a flat iron at a setting of 232° C. and a rate of 1.25 inch per second.
  • the second tress received a commercially-available, frizz-control hair product, which was applied while the tress was damp (as recommended on the package), and then blow dried straight.
  • Example 288 The formula of Example 288 was applied to the third (damp) tress at the use level of about 0.3 gram of formula per gram of hair. This formula was not rinsed off the third tress (i.e., it was left in), and the tress was blow dried straight and flat ironed using the same method as described for the first tress. The tresses were stored together at 27° C. and 90% RH. To assess the amount of hair frizz, tress width was measured every 1 ⁇ 2 inch along the entire hair tress length, and then averaged. Width measurements were made immediately after treatment, and then after 2 and 4 hours of storage.
  • the third tress (treated in accordance with the invention) showed better initial frizz control than either control tress, as illustrated by a narrower average width ( FIG. 4 ).
  • the third tress better resisted frizz gain than either control.
  • the third tress remained exhibited a narrower width (less frizz gain) than the tress that was not treated with a frizz product (Control #1).
  • Example 289 The formula and method of Example 289 were substantially repeated with 9 different volunteer panelists.
  • the licensed cosmetologist evaluated each panelists' initial in both the dry and wet stages. Then, she re-evaluated the dry and wet hair after treating with the durable styling composition, and then after the subsequent third, and fifth in-salon washes.
  • the parameters included in her dry hair evaluation were: dry combability, smooth feel, anti-frizz, shine, manageability, decurling, and overall appearance.
  • the wet hair parameters of her evaluation were wet combability, smooth feel, and clean feel. For each property a number from 1 to 5 was assigned.
  • the durable styling composition enhanced all of the dry hair properties ( FIG. 5 ).
  • the treatment improved the anti-frizz, shine, manageability, visible curl pattern, and overall appearance qualities of dry hair, particularly after the fifth in-salon washing.
  • Panelists further commented their hair felt very soft, displayed good body, and showed improved alignment.
  • the durable styling treatment provided an improvement in wet combability ( FIG. 6 ).
  • Example 96 The formula of Example 96 was applied to curly hair tresses by the following procedure: First, the tresses were prepared by rinsing in water, shampooing, and then rinsing in fresh water, each step lasting 1 minute. Then, the tresses were treated by working 0.5 g to 1.0 g of test formula on the tress for 15 seconds. Tresses were detangled using a large-toothed comb, and then clipped into a vertical clamp. A hair dryer on “high” and “hot” setting was applied for about 1 minute, 20 seconds to dry the tresses. Then, the tress clamps were turned horizontal and straightened at 200° C. using 4 strokes from a large-toothed comb at the rate of 1 stroke every 5 seconds.
  • the tresses were analyzed using two methods.
  • tress widths were measured by placing them in front of a vertical grid having half-inch marks. Compared to the pre-treated tress width, the tress was 20% and 13% narrower after days 3 and 5, respectively ( FIG. 7-10 ), an effect attributed to the durable straightening/defrizzing/decurling of the original curly hair.
  • a second technique was employed to help understand how the invention affects hair shine and manageability.
  • the tresses were analyzed by measuring luminosity as a function of the distance from the anchoring clamp. This method quantified both hair shine (i.e., magnitude of luminosity) and hair manageability (i.e., period of the luminosity peak), as well-aligned hair produces smaller periods of luminosity.
  • FIGS. 11A and 11B Compared to the pre-treatment measurement ( FIGS. 11A and 11B ), hair is noticeably shinier after day 3 , and the hair is highly aligned ( FIGS. 12A and 12B ).
  • a composition of the invention was prepared having the formula summarized in Table 14.
  • Example 293 weight ingredient trade name addition (%) deionized water 38.17 ethanol 18.00 ethyl ester of Omnirez ® 2000, 4.00 PVM/MA copolymer 50% active sodium hydroxide 1.00 polyimide-1 Aquaflex ® XL-30, 3.33 30% active butylene glycol 0.50 dimethyl ether 35.00 total 100.00
  • composition of the invention was prepared having the formula summarized in Table 15.
  • compositions of the invention were prepared having the formulas summarized in Table 16.
  • compositions of the invention were prepared using functionalized analogues of polyimide-1 (Table 17). The formulas were applied to tresses using the method of Example 289.
  • compositions of the invention are prepared using functionalized analogues of polyimide-1 (Table 18).
  • Example 192 was applied to a straight hair tress (i.e., lacking curl, wave, or frizz), and the method of Example 289 was repeated.
  • a curling iron set to “high” was employed to activate the durable styling composition and impart five curls into the tress ( FIG. 13A ).
  • the tress was washed and dried using the method described in Example 289. Waves persisted in the tress after washing, and distinct hair segments corresponding to the original curls were still discernible ( FIG. 13B ).
  • a single lock of hair was dyed red following the product's instructions. This dyed lock was rinsed for 30 seconds in clear, running water, shampooed using a non-care/non-conditioning shampoo for 30 seconds, and then rinsed for 30 seconds in clear, running water. Then it was divided into two equal hair tresses. The first tress (the control for the study) was dome dried after the shampoo rinse, and then the rinse/shampoo/rinse/dome dry cycle was repeated exactly as described for the original lock. The second tress received one gram of the Example 192 formula (diluted to 3% solids in water) while it was still damp after the first shampoo rinse.
  • Dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) studies were completed to assess the water sorptivity of hair treated in accordance with the invention.
  • the sorption dynamics of brown, European hair were measured at 25° C. and 95% RH by a DVS Advantage I (Surface Measurement Systems, Middlesex, UK).
  • the hair lock was rinsed for 30 seconds in clear, running water, shampooed using a non-care/non-conditioning shampoo for 30 seconds, and then rinsed for 30 seconds in clear, running water, and then dome dried.
  • the lock was divided into two equal tresses.
  • the control samples was analyzed without any formula or heat treatment.
  • the other lock sample received one gram of the Example 192 formula (diluted to 3% solids in water) while it was still damp after the shampoo rinse.
  • anhydride-containing polymers are contemplated for modulating the water sorptivity of hair, e.g., more hydrophobic or hydrophilic polymers.
  • a more hydrophilic anhydride-containing polymer can be used to further minimize water pick-up and/or extend the anti-frizz effect.
  • anhydride-containing polymers can be created that incorporate other benefits, such as shine agents,
  • each treated tress was rinsed, washed, rinsed, and dome dried as described in this Example. Tresses were not reused between conditions, as new tresses were used for each formula/pH.
  • the formulas of the invention at the 3 pHs demonstrated a more durable style than the control that did not receive any formula ( FIG. 16 A-D, 17 A-D, 18 A-D).
  • Tresses treated with formulas having a pH of 7 and 11 exhibit less wave gain and better hair uniformity after styling and after washing than the tress treated with the pH 3 formula and the control tress.
  • a composition of the invention was tested to determine its effect on preventing breakage due to thermal treatment.
  • a single lock of hair was divided into two tresses, which were equally rinsed in fresh, running water, washed in a non-care/non-conditioning shampoo containing sodium laureth sulfate, and then rinsed again in fresh, running water.
  • the tresses were dried with a hand-held dryer set on high until dry, and then combed.
  • the control tress was flat ironed at 230° C. for 4 minutes, pulling the flat iron from the tress clamp to tip in about 12 seconds.
  • the other still-damp tress was treated with 1.0 g of the Example 288 formula (diluted to 10% solids), which was worked from the tress clamp to hair tip.
  • Example 288 helped to protect hair from breakage after a thermal styling treatment, with about 15% fewer collected broken hair pieces compared to the control which did not receive any formula treatment ( FIG. 19 ).
  • Example 308 flat ironed for 4 minutes at 230° C., were spectroscopically examined to determine tryptophan degradation.
  • the method is described in a number of references, including the following publications, each of which is incorporated in its entirety by reference: U.S. Pat. No. 6,241,977; C. M. Pande and J. Jachowicz, “Hair photodamage—Measurement and prevention,” J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 44, 109-122, March/April 1993; J. Jachowicz, et al., “Photodegradation of hair and its photoprotection by a substantive photofilter,” Drug & Cos. Ind ., December 1995; B. Locke and J.
  • the tress treated in accordance with the invention exhibited a 34% reduction in tryptophan degradation ( FIG. 20 ), indicating the durable styling formula helped to protect the hair from the deleterious effects of heat during the flat ironing styling procedure.
  • the consumer may perceive the reduced breakage (of Example 308) and/or tryptophan protection by a reduced combing/brushing force needed to style hair.
  • Durable styling control creams are formulated having the concentrated formulas of Examples 97-192 (Table 19).
  • To make the control cream water and hydroxyethylcellulose are placed in a container, dispersed, and heated to 75° C. Separately, the ingredients of phase B are combined with gentle heating and mixed until uniform. The pH is adjusted to 7.25 ⁇ 0.25 with 10% NaOH (as necessary).
  • Phase B is added to phase B, and mixed until uniform. While this mixture cools to about 45° C.-50° C.
  • phase C is prepared in a separate container by adding the ingredients individually, mixing until uniform after each addition. Once the A+B blend reaches the set temperature, phase C is added and mixed for 45 minutes.
  • Phase D is added to the main batch, mixed well, and the control cream is removed from heat.
  • Example 406 with Gantrez® S-97 was reduced to practice.
  • Example 405 The product of Example 405 was an opaque, white cream and had a pH of about 7.6 and a Brookfield viscosity of 9,000 ⁇ 5,000 cP (using spindle RV7 at 10 rpm).
  • Example 309 addition ingredient trade name (supplier) level (% w/w) Phase A deionized water 57.15 hydroxyethylcellulose Natrosol 250 HHR 1.00 (Ashland) Phase B stearamidopropyl Jeechem S-13 (Jeen) 0.35 dimethylamine behenyl alcohol and Prolipid ® 161 (ASI) 1.00 cetearyl alcohol and hydroxyethyl cetear- amidopropyldimonium chloride Phase C durable styling Styleze XT-3 (ASI) 13.35 formula of Example 97-192 deionized water 25.00 glycerin and Lubrajel ® NP (ASI) 0.50 glyceryl acrylate/ acrylic acid copolymer cyclopentasiloxane Belsil CM040 (Wacker) 0.50 sodium polyacrylate Rapthix ® A-100 (ASI) 0.35 Phase D phenoxyethanol and Optiphen ® (ASI) 0.80 cap
  • Durable frizz control mousses are formulated having the concentrated formulas of Examples 97-192 (Table 20).
  • the water and PVM/MA decadiene copolymer are dispersed together in a contain while heating to 75° C. Following 45 minutes of mixing, the batch was cooled to about 35° C.-45° C.
  • the ingredients of Phase B are added individually, mixing until uniform after each addition. This material is added to Phase A with mixing.
  • the ingredient of Phase C are added individually, mixing until uniform after each addition. Then, this material is added to the mixed Phase A+B batch until uniform.
  • the pH is adjusted to 7.25 ⁇ 0.25 with 50% NaOH solution.
  • the formula is filled into vacuum crimp cans, and pressurized with the ingredients listed in Phase D.
  • Example 503 with Gantrez® S-97 was reduced to practice.
  • Example 503 The product of Example 503 was a mousse with a pH of 7.25 ⁇ 0.25 and a Brookfield viscosity of 900 ⁇ 300 cP (using spindle LV2 at 10 rpm).
  • Example 309 addition ingredient trade name (supplier) level (% w/w) Phase A deionized water 35.50 PVM/MA decadiene Stabilize ® QM (ASI) 0.50 crosspolymer Phase B deionized water 28.20 glycerin and glyceryl Lubrajel ® NP (ASI) 0.35 acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer durable styling Styleze XT-3 (ASI) 13.35 formula of Example 97-192 phenoxyethanol (and) Optiphen ® (ASI) 0.60 caprylyl glycol Phase C deionized water 15.00 PEG-PPG 25/25 Si-Tec TM DMC 6031 (ASI) 0.25 dimethicone cetrimonium chloride Carsoquat ® CT-429 (Lonza) 0.25 Phase D isobutane/propane A-46 (Aeropres) 2.00 dimethyl ether Dymel A (DuPont) 4.00 total 100.00
  • Two durable styling compositions according to the invention are prepared having the ingredients shown in Table 21.
  • Formula #2 contains the same ingredients as #1, but also contains hydrogen peroxide.
  • This study's tresses are prepared by first rinsing them for 30 seconds in clear, running water, washing them for 30 seconds using a non-care/non-conditioning shampoo, and then rinsing again for 30 seconds in clear, running water. About 1 g of each formula is applied to still-damp frizzy tresses (excess formula is removed from the tresses with the fingers), which are then blow dried straight.
  • Treated tresses are flat-ironed at 205° C. using 4 passes at 5-6 seconds per pass, allowed to equilibrate for 30 minutes at room temperature and humidity. Then, to test the durability of the flat-iron style to repeated wash cycles, each treated tress is rinsed, washed, rinsed, and dome dried as described in this Example.
  • Both tresses maintain the initial flat-iron style after washing, evidenced by a reduction in the tress width.
  • the tress treated with formula #2 better retains the durable style after multiple washing compared to the tress treated with formula #1.

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US10603267B2 (en) 2020-03-31
US20160235649A1 (en) 2016-08-18

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