US20130253781A1 - Shovel - Google Patents

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Publication number
US20130253781A1
US20130253781A1 US13/990,090 US201113990090A US2013253781A1 US 20130253781 A1 US20130253781 A1 US 20130253781A1 US 201113990090 A US201113990090 A US 201113990090A US 2013253781 A1 US2013253781 A1 US 2013253781A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
electric power
temperature
switch
voltage
detection value
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Abandoned
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US13/990,090
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English (en)
Inventor
Shipeng Li
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Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd
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Assigned to SUMITOMO HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. reassignment SUMITOMO HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LI, SHIPENG
Publication of US20130253781A1 publication Critical patent/US20130253781A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/003—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • B60L8/003—Converting light into electric energy, e.g. by using photo-voltaic systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2025—Particular purposes of control systems not otherwise provided for
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
    • E02F9/2075—Control of propulsion units of the hybrid type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2091—Control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. battery or capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/40—Working vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/12—Buck converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14—Boost converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to shovels whose electric working elements are driven with electric power from an electric power accumulator.
  • Shovels that include electric working elements such as a turning mechanism driven by an electric motor are provided with an electric power accumulating unit including an electric power accumulator that supplies electric power for driving the electric working elements.
  • a common electric power accumulating unit is accommodated in a small enclosure. Therefore, the temperature of the electric power accumulator increases because of heat from around or heat generated with the charge and discharge of the electric power accumulator.
  • An increase in the temperature of the electric power accumulator accelerates the degradation of the electric power accumulator, thus shortening the service life of the electric power accumulator. Furthermore, the degradation of the electric power accumulator reduces its power accumulation capacity, so that the reduction rate of the state of charge (SOC) increases. In this case, the amount of accumulated electric power of the electric power accumulator decreases in a short period of time, so that the electric power accumulator is prevented from supplying its electric working elements with necessary electric power.
  • SOC state of charge
  • an engine is assisted by driving an assist motor with electric power from an electric power accumulator. Therefore, when the electric power accumulator degrades, the assist motor is often driven with the electric power accumulator being in a low state of charge (SOC). In this case, when the state of charge (SOC) is low, the electric power accumulator may be controlled not to supply electric power, so that the usage rate of the assist motor decreases. As a result, because the driving of the assist motor is prevented, the usage rate of the engine becomes higher than usual, thus resulting in an increase in the amount of fuel consumption of the engine.
  • SOC state of charge
  • Cooling the electric power accumulator makes it possible to suppress the degradation of the electric power accumulator due to a temperature increase and to extend the service life of the electric power accumulator.
  • the cooling apparatus such as a cooling pump is electrically driven, so that when the shovel is in operation, it is possible to drive the cooling apparatus by supplying the cooling apparatus with electric power and thereby to cool the electric power accumulator.
  • electric power is prevented from being supplied, thus preventing the cooling apparatus from being driven.
  • the shovel is often exposed to a high-temperature atmosphere in the open air, so that it is often the case that part of the shovel where an electric power accumulating unit is provided is exposed to direct sunlight so that the electric power accumulating unit is heated. That is, even when the operation of the shovel is stopped, the temperature of the electric power accumulator may increase due to surrounding heat so as to accelerate the degradation of the electric power accumulator.
  • a 24 V battery storage battery
  • a 24 V battery storage battery
  • Electric power from the above-described battery may be used in a warmup as well as for driving electrical parts that are kept operating.
  • a shovel includes a lower-part traveling body; an upper-part turning body rotatably provided on the lower-part traveling body; an electrically driven part provided in the upper-part turning body and subjected to temperature control during an operation; a battery provided in the upper-part turning body and configured to supply electric power to a constant electrical load that constantly operates apart from the electrically driven part; a photovoltaic power generation panel provided on the upper-part turning body; a photovoltaic power generator provided in the upper-part turning body, the photovoltaic power generator including a photovoltaic electric power accumulating part configured to accumulate electric power generated by the photovoltaic power generation panel; and a voltage detector configured to detect an output voltage of the photovoltaic electric power accumulating part; a temperature controller connected to the photovoltaic power generator and the battery; a temperature detector configured to detect a temperature of the electrically driven part; a first switch configured to open or close a power supply line connecting the temperature controller and the photovoltaic power generator
  • the temperature of an electrically driven part when it is necessary to control the temperature of an electrically driven part that is subjected to temperature control during operation, it is possible to control the temperature of the electrically driven part by driving a temperature controller with electric power from a photovoltaic power generator, and when it is unnecessary to control the temperature of the electrically driven part, it is possible to charge a battery by supplying the battery with electric power from the photovoltaic power generator. Further, when it is necessary to control the temperature of the electrically driven part but the amount of electric power accumulated in the photovoltaic power generator is limited, it is possible to control the temperature of the electrically driven part by driving the temperature controller with electric power from the battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a hydraulic shovel.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a drive system of a hydraulic shovel according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an electric power accumulation system.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a drive system of a cooling fan.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a cooling fan drive control process.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a state of a cooling fan driving circuit in a normal mode.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a state of the cooling fan driving circuit in a first electric power accumulator cooling mode.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a state of the cooling fan driving circuit in a second electric power accumulator cooling mode.
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view of the hybrid shovel, illustrating locations for attaching solar panels.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram of an overall configuration of a cooling apparatus.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a drive system of a pump motor.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a pump drive control process.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a state of a pump motor driving circuit in a normal mode.
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating a state of the pump motor driving circuit in a first electrically driven part cooling mode.
  • FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a state of the pump motor driving circuit in a second electrically driven part cooling mode.
  • FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a drive system of an electric motor.
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart of an electric heater drive control process.
  • FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating a state of an electric heater driving circuit in a normal mode.
  • FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating a state of the electric heater driving circuit in a first electric power accumulator warmup mode.
  • FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating a state of the electric heater driving circuit in a second electric power accumulator warmup mode.
  • FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a hybrid shovel where a turning mechanism is driven by a turning hydraulic motor.
  • FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a drive system of an electric shovel.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view illustrating a hybrid shovel, which is an example of a shovel to which the present invention is applied.
  • An upper-part turning body 3 is mounted through a turning mechanism 2 on a lower-part traveling body 1 of the hybrid shovel.
  • a boom 4 as an attachment is attached to the upper-part turning body 3 .
  • An arm 5 is attached to the end of the boom 4 .
  • a bucket 6 is attached to the end of the arm 5 .
  • the boom 4 , the arm 5 , and the bucket 6 are hydraulically driven by a boom cylinder 7 , an arm cylinder 8 , and a bucket cylinder 9 , respectively.
  • a cabin 10 is provided and power sources such as an engine are mounted on the upper-part turning body 3 .
  • the cabin and the attachment are configured as part of the upper-part turning body 3 .
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a drive system of the hybrid shovel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a double line, a solid line, a broken line, and a solid line indicate a mechanical power system, a high-pressure hydraulic line, a pilot line, and an electric drive and control system, respectively.
  • An engine 11 as a mechanical drive part and a motor generator 12 as an assist drive part are connected to a first input shaft and a second input shaft, respectively, of a transmission 13 .
  • a main pump 14 and a pilot pump 15 are connected as hydraulic pumps to the output shaft of the transmission 13 .
  • a control valve 17 is connected to the main pump 14 via a high-pressure hydraulic line 16 .
  • the control valve 17 is a controller configured to control a hydraulic system in the hybrid shovel. Hydraulic motors 1 A (right) and 1 B (left) for the lower-part traveling body 1 , the boom cylinder 7 , the arm cylinder 8 , and the bucket cylinder 9 are connected to the control valve 17 via high-pressure hydraulic lines.
  • An electric power accumulation system 120 including a capacitor as an electric power accumulator is connected to the motor generator 12 via an inverter 18 A.
  • a turning electric motor 21 as an electric working element is connected to the electric power accumulation system 120 via an inverter 20 .
  • a resolver 22 , a mechanical brake 23 , and a turning transmission 24 are connected to a rotation shaft 21 A of the turning electric motor 21 .
  • an operation apparatus 26 is connected to the pilot pump 15 via a pilot line 25 .
  • the turning electric motor 21 , the inverter 20 , the resolver 22 , the mechanical brake 23 , and the turning transmission 24 constitute a load drive system.
  • the operation apparatus 26 includes a lever 26 A, a lever 26 B, and a pedal 26 C.
  • the lever 26 A, the lever 26 B, and the pedal 26 C are connected to the control valve 17 and a pressure sensor 29 via hydraulic lines 27 and 28 , respectively.
  • the pressure sensor 29 is connected to a controller 30 that controls the driving of an electric system.
  • a boom regeneration motor 300 (also referred to as “motor generator 300 ”) for acquiring boom regenerated electric power is connected to the electric power accumulation system 120 via an inverter 18 C.
  • the motor generator 300 is driven by a hydraulic motor 310 that is driven with hydraulic fluid discharged from the boom cylinder 7 .
  • the motor generator 300 converts the potential energy of the boom 4 into electrical energy using the pressure of hydraulic fluid discharged from the boom cylinder 7 as the boom 4 is lowered in accordance with gravity.
  • the hydraulic motor 310 and the motor generator 300 are illustrated at separate positions for convenience of description. Actually, however, the rotation shaft of the motor generator 300 is mechanically connected to the rotation shaft of the hydraulic motor 310 .
  • the hydraulic motor 310 is configured to rotate with hydraulic fluid discharged from the boom cylinder 7 when the boom 4 is lowered, and is provided to convert energy at the time of the boom 4 being lowered in accordance with gravity into a rotating force.
  • the hydraulic motor 310 is provided in a hydraulic pipe 7 A between the control valve 17 and the boom cylinder 7 .
  • the hydraulic motor 310 may be attached to an appropriate part in the upper-part turning body 3 .
  • the electric power generated in the motor generator 300 is supplied as regenerated electric power to the electric power accumulation system 120 via the inverter 18 C.
  • the motor generator 300 and the inverter 18 C constitute a boom regeneration system.
  • a boom angle sensor 7 B for detecting the angle of the boom 4 is attached to the support shaft of the boom 4 .
  • the boom angle sensor 7 B feeds a detected boom angle ⁇ B to the controller 30 .
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating the electric power accumulation system 120 .
  • the electric power accumulation system 120 includes a capacitor 19 as an electric power accumulator, a step-up/step-down converter 100 , and a DC bus 110 .
  • the DC bus 110 as a second electric power accumulator controls the transfer of electric power among the capacitor 19 as a first electric power accumulator, the motor generator 12 , and the turning electric motor 21 .
  • the capacitor 19 is provided with a capacitor voltage detecting part 112 for detecting a capacitor voltage value and a capacitor electric current detecting part 113 for detecting a capacitor electric current value.
  • the capacitor voltage value and the capacitor electric current value detected by the capacitor voltage detecting part 112 and the capacitor electric current detecting part 113 are fed to the controller 30 .
  • the step-up/step-down converter 100 performs such control as switching a step-up operation and a step-down operation in accordance with the operating states of the motor generator 12 , the motor generator 300 , and the turning electric motor 21 , so that the DC bus voltage value falls within a certain range.
  • the DC bus 110 is provided between the inverters 18 A, 18 C, and 20 and the step-up/step-down converter 100 to transfer electric power among the capacitor 19 , the motor generator 12 , the motor generator 300 , and the turning electric motor 21 .
  • a rechargeable battery capable of being charged and discharged such as a lithium-ion battery, or other form of power supply capable of transferring electric power, may be used as an electric power accumulator.
  • the controller 30 is a control unit serving as a main control part that controls the driving of the hybrid shovel.
  • the controller 30 includes a processor including a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and an internal memory.
  • the controller 30 is implemented by the CPU executing a drive control program contained in the internal memory.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • the controller 30 converts a signal fed from the pressure sensor 29 into a speed command, and controls the driving of the turning electric motor 21 .
  • the signal fed from the pressure sensor 29 corresponds to a signal representing the amount of operation in the case of operating the operation apparatus 26 to turn the turning mechanism 2 .
  • the controller 30 controls the operation (switches the electric motor [assist] operation and the generator operation) of the motor generator 12 .
  • the controller 30 also controls the charge and discharge of the capacitor 19 by controlling the driving of the step-up/step-down converter 100 as a step-up/step-down control part.
  • the controller 30 controls the charge and discharge of the capacitor 19 by controlling the switching of the step-up operation and the step-down operation of the step-up/step-down converter 100 based on the state of charge of the capacitor 19 , the operating state (electric motor [assist] operation or generator operation) of the motor generator 12 , and the operating state (power running operation or regenerative operation) of the turning electric motor 21 .
  • This control of the switching of the step-up operation and the step-down operation of the step-up/step-down converter 100 is performed based on the DC bus voltage value detected by a DC bus voltage detecting part 111 , the capacitor voltage value detected by the capacitor voltage detecting part 112 , and the capacitor electric current value detected by the capacitor electric current detecting part 113 .
  • the electric power generated by the motor generator 12 which is an assist motor, is supplied to the DC bus 110 of the electric power accumulation system 120 via the inverter 18 A to be supplied to the capacitor 19 via the step-up/step-down converter 100 .
  • the electric power regenerated by the regenerative operation of the turning electric motor 21 is supplied to the DC bus 110 of the electric power accumulation system 120 via the inverter 20 , to be supplied to the capacitor 19 via the step-up/step-down converter 100 .
  • the electric power generated by the motor generator 300 for boom regeneration is supplied to the DC bus 110 of the electric power accumulation system 120 via the inverter 18 C, to be supplied to the capacitor 19 via the step-up/step-down converter 100 .
  • the rotational speed (angular velocity w) of the turning electric motor 21 is detected by the resolver 22 . Furthermore, the angle of the boom 4 (boom angle ⁇ B) is detected by the boom angle sensor 7 B such as a rotary encoder provided on the support shaft of the boom 4 .
  • a cooling fan is provided as a cooling apparatus for cooling the above-described capacitor 19 .
  • the cooling fan is driven with electric power generated by a solar photovoltaic power generator.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a drive system of the cooling apparatus.
  • the capacitor which is an example of a main electric power accumulating unit, corresponds to an electrically driven part that is subjected to temperature control such as cooling during operation.
  • the cooling fan is an example of a temperature controller that controls the temperature of the electrically driven part.
  • the capacitor 19 serving as a main electric power accumulating unit, is accommodated in an electric power accumulating unit box 50 provided in the upper-part turning body 3 .
  • a cooling fan 52 for cooling the capacitor 19 is attached to the electric power accumulating unit box 50 , and cools the capacitor 19 by introducing outside air into the electric power accumulating unit box 50 .
  • a temperature detection sensor 54 is provided in the electric power accumulating unit box 50 as a temperature detector. The temperature detection sensor 54 detects temperature inside the electric power accumulating unit box 50 , and feeds a temperature detection value to the controller 30 .
  • a photovoltaic power generator 60 is provided as an apparatus that supplies the cooling fan 52 with electric power.
  • the photovoltaic power generator 60 includes solar panels 62 and a solar cell electric power accumulator 64 as a photovoltaic electric power accumulating part that accumulates electric power generated in the solar panels 62 .
  • the electric power that the solar panels 62 generate by receiving solar radiation is accumulated in the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 , so that the electric power is supplied from the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 to the cooling fan 52 .
  • a voltmeter 66 is provided in the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 as a voltage detector. The voltmeter 66 detects a voltage across the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 .
  • a constant electrical load 70 is provided in the hybrid shovel.
  • the constant electrical load 70 is an electrical load that is supplied with electric power to keep on operating even when the shovel is not in operation, that is, even when the engine is not rotating and the inverters and the converter are not activated.
  • Examples of the constant electrical load 70 include a communications device, a lighting apparatus, and a memory data retention device.
  • the constant electrical load 70 is constantly supplied with electric power from a battery 72 as a dedicated electric power accumulating unit. This allows the constant electrical load 70 to operate even when the operation of the shovel is stopped.
  • Electrical parts for driving electric working elements include the CPU of a controller, an inverter and a converter that transfer electric power, and an electric power accumulator or a battery.
  • a solar cell power supply line 80 is extended from the photovoltaic power generator 60 .
  • the solar cell power supply line 80 branches off into a cooling fan power supply line 82 and a battery power supply line 84 .
  • the cooling fan power supply line 82 is connected to the cooling fan 52 , so that electric power from the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 may be supplied to the cooling fan 52 via the solar cell power supply line 80 and the cooling fan power supply line 82 so as to drive the cooling fan 52 .
  • the battery power supply line 84 is connected to the battery 72 for the constant electrical load 70 , so that electric power from the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 may be supplied to the battery 72 via the solar cell power supply line 80 and the battery power supply line 84 so as to be accumulated in the battery 72 .
  • cooling fan power supply line 82 and the battery power supply line 84 are connected at the branch point, electric power may be supplied from the battery 72 to the cooling fan 52 via the battery power supply line 84 and the cooling fan power supply line 82 so as to drive the cooling fan 52 .
  • a second switch 92 formed of, for example, an electromagnetic make-and-break switch is provided in the battery power supply line 84 , so that the second switch 92 controls the feeding of electric power to the battery 72 .
  • a third switch 94 formed of, for example, an electromagnetic make-and-break switch is provided in the solar cell power supply line 80 , so that the third switch 94 controls the feeding of electric power from the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 of the photovoltaic power generator 60 .
  • the make and break of the first and second switches 90 and 92 is controlled by signals from the controller 30 .
  • the make and break of the third switch 94 is controlled based on a voltage detection value from the voltmeter 66 provided in the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 .
  • the voltage detection value from the voltmeter 66 may be fed to the controller 30 so as to cause the controller 30 to control the make and break of the third switch 94 .
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a cooling fan drive control process.
  • step S 1 a temperature Tc inside the electric power accumulating unit box 50 is detected with the temperature detection sensor 54 .
  • step S 2 it is determined whether the temperature Tc inside the electric power accumulating unit box 50 is higher than a predetermined temperature Tlmt. If the temperature Tc inside the electric power accumulating unit box 50 is lower than or equal to the predetermined temperature Tlmt (Tc ⁇ Tlmt), the process proceeds to step S 3 .
  • step S 3 a normal mode is set, and the second and third switches 92 and 94 are closed (ON) and the first switch 90 is opened (OFF) as illustrated in FIG. 6 . That is, when the temperature Tc inside the electric power accumulator box is low, the temperature of the capacitor 19 is also low, so that there is no need for cooling. Therefore, the first switch 90 is opened (OFF) to break the cooling fan power supply line 82 , thereby preventing the cooling fan 52 from operating.
  • the second and third switches 92 and 94 are closed (ON).
  • the solar panels 62 generate electric power, and the electric power is accumulated in the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 so that the voltage of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 becomes higher than a preset voltage value (that is, the state of charge (SOC) of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 exceeds a predetermined state of charge)
  • SOC state of charge
  • electric power is supplied from the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 to the battery 72 via the solar cell power supply line 80 and the battery power supply line 84 , so that the battery 72 is charged with the electric power. Accordingly, when there is no need to cool the capacitor 19 , electric power generated by the solar panels 62 is accumulated in the battery 72 without being wasted.
  • step S 4 it is determined whether a voltage Vs of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is higher than a preset voltage Vlmt. That is, it is determined whether the state of charge (SOC) of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is higher than a predetermined state of charge.
  • the voltage Vs of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is a voltage detected with the voltmeter 66 .
  • step S 4 If it is determined in step S 4 that the voltage Vs of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is higher than the preset voltage Vlmt (that is, if it is determined that the state of charge (SOC) of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is higher than a predetermined state of charge), the process proceeds to step S 5 .
  • step S 5 a first electric power accumulator cooling mode is set, and the first and third switches 90 and 94 are closed (ON) and the second switch 92 is opened (OFF) as illustrated in FIG. 7 . That is, by closing the first and third switches 90 and 94 (ON), the electric power of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is supplied to the cooling fan 52 via the solar cell power supply line 80 and the cooling fan power supply line 82 .
  • the cooling fan 52 operates, so that it is possible to cool the capacitor 19 .
  • the second switch 92 is opened (OFF). Therefore, the battery 72 is supplied with no electric power, so that the entire electric power of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is used to drive the cooling fan 52 .
  • step S 4 if it is determined in step S 4 that the voltage Vs of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is lower than or equal to the preset voltage Vlmt (that is, if it is determined that the state of charge (SOC) of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is lower than or equal to a predetermined state of charge), the process proceeds to step S 6 .
  • step S 6 a second electric power accumulator cooling mode is set, and the first and second switches 90 and 92 are closed (ON) and the third switch 94 is opened (OFF) as illustrated in FIG. 8 . That is, by opening the third switch 94 (OFF), no electric power is supplied from the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 .
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view of the above-described hybrid shovel, where locations to which the solar panels 62 may be attached are shaded with oblique lines.
  • the locations to which the solar panels 62 may be attached include an upper surface (the outside of a ceiling) 10 - 1 of the cabin 10 , an upper surface 3 - 1 of the counterweight of the upper-part turning body 3 (engine hood), and an upper surface 4 - 1 of the boom 4 .
  • the area of the upper surface 10 - 1 of the cabin 10 is, for example, 1.7 m 2
  • the upper surface 3 - 1 of the counterweight of the upper-part turning body is, for example, 4.4 m 2
  • the area of the upper surface 4 - 1 of the boom 4 is, for example, 0.8 m 2 .
  • the total of these areas shows that the area to which the solar panels 62 may be attached is 6.9 m 2 . It is said that an area of approximately 7 m 2 is necessary to obtain electric power of 1 kW with currently available solar panels. Accordingly, when solar panels are attached to the entirety of the above-described area (6.9 m 2 ), it is possible to obtain electric power of approximately 1 kW.
  • the annual generation of electric power is approximately 1000 kWh. That is, in the case of generating electric power by attaching the solar panels 62 to the locations illustrated in FIG. 9 , the generation of electric power of approximately 1000 kWh may be expected in a year.
  • the annual consumption of electric power is 36 kWh in the case of annual utilization of 1000 hours. This is far less than the annual electric power generation of 1000 kWh of solar panels, thus showing that the amount of electric power generated by solar panels is sufficient to cover the amount of electric power supplied to the cooling fan 52 .
  • the cooling fan 52 that ventilates the electric power accumulating unit box 50 is used as a cooling apparatus, but it is also possible to use other cooling apparatuses.
  • a heat exchanger using a refrigerant or an electronic cooling device such as a Peltier device may be used to cool the capacitor 19 .
  • electric power of approximately 250 kWh may be annually obtained even with the 1.7 m 2 area of the upper surface of the cabin 10 .
  • electric power of approximately 640 kWh may be annually obtained even with the 4.4 m 2 area of the upper surface of the counterweight 3 - 1 . Therefore, by placing solar panels on at least one of the upper surface of the cabin 10 and the upper surface of the counterweight 3 - 1 , it is possible to obtain electric power necessary to cool the electric power accumulating part.
  • a cooling apparatus for cooling electrically driven parts is provided.
  • the electrically driven parts include the controller 30 , the inverters 18 A, 18 C, and 20 , the step-up/step-down converter 100 , the capacitor 19 , the turning electric motor 21 , and the motor generator 12 .
  • a cooling apparatus is an example of a temperature controller that controls the temperatures of electrically driven parts.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram of an overall configuration of a cooling apparatus.
  • the cooling apparatus includes a tank 200 , a pump 201 , a pump motor 202 , a radiator 203 , and a water temperature gauge 204 (a temperature detection part). Cooling water (a refrigerant) in the cooling apparatus is stored in the tank 200 , and is conveyed to the radiator 203 by the pump 201 , which is driven by the pump motor 202 . The cooling water cooled by the radiator 203 is conveyed to the inverters 18 A, 18 C, and 20 , the step-up/step-down converter 100 , and the capacitor 19 via the controller 30 through pipes.
  • a water temperature gauge 204 a temperature detection part
  • the cooling water is returned to the tank 200 via the turning electric motor 21 , the motor generator 12 , and the transmission 13 .
  • the water temperature gauge 204 detects the temperature of the cooling water conveyed from the radiator 203 , and transmits information on the detected temperature to the controller 30 .
  • the pipe for cooling water to the controller 30 is directly connected to the radiator 203 .
  • the pipes are connected so that the cooling water used to cool the controller 30 is used to cool the inverters 18 A, 18 C, and 20 , the step-up/step-down converter 100 , etc.
  • the pipe from the radiator 203 may be connected to the controller 30 , the inverters 18 A, 18 C, and 20 , the step-up/step-down converter 100 , etc., in parallel.
  • all of the controller 30 , the inverters 18 A, 18 C, and 20 , the step-up/step-down converter 100 , the capacitor 19 , the turning electric motor 21 , and the motor generator 12 may not be cooled by liquid, and one or more of the electrically driven parts may be cooled by air using a fan.
  • the fan may be driven with electric power supplied from the battery 72 or the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 .
  • the pump motor 202 is driven with electric power from the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 or electric power from the battery 72 , thereby cooling electrically driven parts during the suspension of the operation of the shovel (during the stoppage of the engine 11 ) as well.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a drive system of a pump motor.
  • the solar cell power supply line 80 is extended from the photovoltaic power generator 60 .
  • the solar cell power supply line 80 branches off into a pump motor power supply line 86 and the battery power supply line 84 .
  • the pump motor power supply line 86 is connected to the pump motor 202 , so that electric power from the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 may be supplied to the pump motor 202 via the solar cell power supply line 80 and the pump motor power supply line 86 so as to drive the pump 201 .
  • the battery power supply line 84 is connected to the battery 72 for the constant electrical load 70 , so that electric power from the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 may be supplied to the battery 72 via the solar cell power supply line 80 and the battery power supply line 84 so as to be accumulated in the battery 72 . Furthermore, because the pump motor power supply line 86 and the battery power supply line 84 are connected at the branch point, electric power may be supplied from the battery 72 to the pump motor 202 via the battery power supply line 84 and the pump motor power supply line 86 so as to drive the pump 201 . When the pump 201 is thus driven, the cooling water cooled in the radiator 203 is supplied to individual electrically driven parts.
  • the cooling fan 52 illustrated in FIG. 4 may be further provided as a cooling fan for the radiator 203 , and the cooling fan may be driven with electric power supplied from the battery 72 or the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 .
  • the first switch 90 formed of, for example, an electromagnetic make-and-break switch is provided in the pump motor power supply line 86 , so that the first switch 90 controls the feeding of electric power to the pump motor 202 .
  • the second switch 92 formed of, for example, an electromagnetic make-and-break switch is provided in the battery power supply line 84 , so that the second switch 92 controls the feeding of electric power to the battery 72 .
  • the third switch 94 formed of, for example, an electromagnetic make-and-break switch is provided in the solar cell power supply line 80 , so that the third switch 94 controls the feeding of electric power from the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 of the photovoltaic power generator 60 .
  • the make and break of the first and second switches 90 and 92 is controlled by signals from the controller 30 .
  • the make and break of the third switch 94 is controlled based on a voltage detection value from the voltmeter 66 provided in the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 .
  • the voltage detection value from the voltmeter 66 may be fed to the controller 30 so as to cause the controller 30 to control the make and break of the third switch 94 .
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a pump drive control process.
  • a temperature Te of an electrically driven part is detected with a temperature detection sensor 56 .
  • the temperature detection sensor 56 is a temperature sensor provided in the controller 30 , the inverter 18 A, 18 C or 20 , the step-up/step-down converter 100 , the capacitor 19 , the turning electric motor 21 , the motor generator 12 or the like.
  • step S 12 it is determined whether the temperature Te of the electrically driven part is higher than a predetermined temperature Tlmt. If the temperature Te of the electrically driven part is lower than or equal to the predetermined temperature Tlmt (Te ⁇ Tlmt), the process proceeds to step S 13 .
  • step S 13 a normal mode is set, and the second and third switches 92 and 94 are closed (ON) and the first switch 90 is opened (OFF) as illustrated in FIG. 13 . That is, when the temperature Te of the electrically driven part is low, the temperature of the electrically driven part is also low, so that there is no need for cooling. Therefore, the first switch 90 is opened (OFF) to break the pump motor power supply line 86 , thereby preventing the pump motor 202 from operating.
  • the second and third switches 92 and 94 are closed (ON).
  • the solar panels 62 generate electric power, and the electric power is accumulated in the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 so that the voltage of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 becomes higher than a preset voltage value (that is, the state of charge (SOC) of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 exceeds a predetermined state of charge)
  • SOC state of charge
  • electric power is supplied from the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 to the battery 72 via the solar cell power supply line 80 and the battery power supply line 84 , so that the battery 72 is charged with the electric power. Accordingly, when there is no need to cool the electrically driven part, electric power generated by the solar panels 62 is accumulated in the battery 72 without being wasted.
  • step S 14 it is determined whether the voltage Vs of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is higher than a preset voltage Vlmt. That is, it is determined whether the state of charge (SOC) of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is higher than a predetermined state of charge.
  • the voltage Vs of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is a voltage detected with the voltmeter 66 .
  • step S 14 If it is determined in step S 14 that the voltage Vs of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is higher than the preset voltage Vlmt (that is, if it is determined that the state of charge (SOC) of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is higher than a predetermined state of charge), the process proceeds to step S 15 .
  • step S 15 a first electrically driven part cooling mode is set, and the first and third switches 90 and 94 are closed (ON) and the second switch 92 is opened (OFF) as illustrated in FIG. 14 .
  • the electric power of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is supplied to the pump motor 202 via the solar cell power supply line 80 and the pump motor power supply line 86 , so that the pump motor 202 operates to drive the pump 201 .
  • cooling water is supplied to the electrically driven part, so that it is possible to cool the electrically driven part.
  • the second switch 92 is opened (OFF). Therefore, the battery 72 is supplied with no electric power, so that the entire electric power of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is used to drive the pump motor 202 .
  • step S 14 if it is determined in step S 14 that the voltage Vs of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is lower than or equal to the preset voltage Vlmt (that is, if it is determined that the state of charge (SOC) of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is lower than or equal to a predetermined state of charge), the process proceeds to step S 16 .
  • step S 16 a second electrically driven part cooling mode is set, and the first and second switches 90 and 92 are closed (ON) and the third switch 94 is opened (OFF) as illustrated in FIG. 15 . That is, by opening the third switch 94 (OFF), no electric power is supplied from the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 .
  • the cooling circuit may be formed with a capacitor alone, the cooling circuit may be formed with an inverter alone, or individual cooling circuits may be combined. Furthermore, in place of water, oil may be used as a refrigerant.
  • the electric power of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is used to warm up the capacitor 19 .
  • an electric heater 58 is provided around the capacitor 19 .
  • the electric heater 58 is provided with electric power to generate heat, so that it is possible to warm up the capacitor 19 .
  • the capacitor 19 which is an example of a main electric power accumulating unit, corresponds to an electrically driven part that is subjected to temperature control such as a warmup.
  • the electric heater 58 is an example of a temperature controller that controls the temperature of the electrically driven part.
  • the solar cell power supply line 80 is extended from the photovoltaic power generator 60 .
  • the solar cell power supply line 80 branches off into a heater power supply line 88 and the battery power supply line 84 .
  • the heater power supply line 88 is connected to the electric heater 58 provided around the capacitor 19 , so that electric power from the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 may be supplied to the electric heater 58 via the solar cell power supply line 80 and the heater power supply line 88 so as to cause the electric heater 58 to generate heat.
  • the battery power supply line 84 is connected to the battery 72 for the constant electrical load 70 , so that electric power from the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 may be supplied to the battery 72 via the solar cell power supply line 80 and the battery power supply line 84 so as to be accumulated in the battery 72 . Furthermore, because the heater power supply line 88 and the battery power supply line 84 are connected at the branch point, electric power may be supplied from the battery 72 to the electric heater 58 via the battery power supply line 84 and the heater power supply line 88 so as to drive the electric heater.
  • the first switch 90 formed of, for example, an electromagnetic make-and-break switch is provided in the heater power supply line 88 , so that the first switch 90 controls the feeding of electric power to the electric heater 58 .
  • the second switch 92 formed of, for example, an electromagnetic make-and-break switch is provided in the battery power supply line 84 , so that the second switch 92 controls the feeding of electric power to the battery 72 .
  • the third switch 94 formed of, for example, an electromagnetic make-and-break switch is provided in the solar cell power supply line 80 , so that the third switch 94 controls the feeding of electric power from the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 of the photovoltaic power generator 60 .
  • the make and break of the first and second switches 90 and 92 is controlled by signals from the controller 30 .
  • the make and break of the third switch 94 is controlled based on a voltage detection value from the voltmeter 66 provided in the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 .
  • the voltage detection value from the voltmeter 66 may be fed to the controller 30 so as to cause the controller 30 to control the make and break of the third switch 94 .
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart of an electric heater drive control process.
  • step S 21 the temperature Tc inside the electric power accumulating unit box 50 is detected with the temperature detection sensor 54 .
  • step S 22 it is determined whether the temperature Tc inside the electric power accumulating unit box 50 is lower than a predetermined temperature Tlmt 2 . If the temperature Tc inside the electric power accumulating unit box 50 is higher than or equal to the predetermined temperature Tlmt 2 (Tc ⁇ Tlmt 2 ), the process proceeds to step S 23 .
  • step S 23 a normal mode is set, and the second and third switches 92 and 94 are closed (ON) and the first switch 90 is opened (OFF) as illustrated in FIG. 18 . That is, when the temperature Tc inside the electric power accumulator box is high, the temperature of the capacitor 19 is also high, so that there is no need for performing a warmup. Therefore, the first switch 90 is opened (OFF) to break the heater power supply line 88 , thereby preventing the electric heater 58 from operating.
  • the second and third switches 92 and 94 are closed (ON).
  • the solar panels 62 generate electric power, and the electric power is accumulated in the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 so that the voltage of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 becomes higher than a preset voltage value (that is, the state of charge (SOC) of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 exceeds a predetermined state of charge)
  • SOC state of charge
  • electric power is supplied from the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 to the battery 72 via the solar cell power supply line 80 and the battery power supply line 84 , so that the battery 72 is charged with the electric power. Accordingly, when there is no need to warm up the capacitor 19 , electric power generated by the solar panels 62 is accumulated in the battery 72 without being wasted.
  • step S 24 it is determined whether the voltage Vs of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is higher than a preset voltage Vlmt. That is, it is determined whether the state of charge (SOC) of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is higher than a predetermined state of charge.
  • the voltage Vs of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is a voltage detected with the voltmeter 66 .
  • step S 24 If it is determined in step S 24 that the voltage Vs of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is higher than the preset voltage Vlmt (that is, if it is determined that the state of charge (SOC) of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is higher than a predetermined state of charge), the process proceeds to step S 25 .
  • step S 25 a first electric power accumulator warmup mode is set, and the first and third switches 90 and 94 are closed (ON) and the second switch 92 is opened (OFF) as illustrated in FIG. 19 . That is, by closing the first and third switches 90 and 94 (ON), the electric power of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is supplied to the electric heater 58 via the solar cell power supply line 80 and the heater power supply line 88 .
  • the electric heater 58 may generate heat, so that it is possible to warm up the capacitor 19 .
  • the second switch 92 is opened (OFF). Therefore, the battery 72 is supplied with no electric power, so that the entire electric power of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is used to drive the electric heater 58 .
  • step S 24 if it is determined in step S 24 that the voltage Vs of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is lower than or equal to the preset voltage Vlmt (that is, if it is determined that the state of charge (SOC) of the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 is lower than or equal to a predetermined state of charge), the process proceeds to step S 26 .
  • step S 26 a second electric power accumulator warmup mode is set, and the first and second switches 90 and 92 are closed (ON) and the third switch 94 is opened (OFF) as illustrated in FIG. 20 . That is, by opening the third switch 94 (OFF), no electric power is supplied from the solar cell electric power accumulator 64 .
  • the first through third embodiments in sequence, while these embodiments may be suitably combined into a single embodiment.
  • the capacitor 19 may be provided with the electric heater 58 , and the heater power supply line 88 may be connected to the solar cell power supply line 80 so as to be parallel to the cooling fan power supply line 82 in the first embodiment. Any two of the embodiments may be combined in the same manner. Furthermore, all of the first through third embodiments may also be combined.
  • the turning mechanism 2 is driven by the turning electric motor 21 , but the turning mechanism 2 may alternatively be driven by a turning hydraulic motor 40 as illustrated in FIG. 21 .
  • the turning hydraulic motor 40 is connected to the control valve 17 , and the load drive system including the turning electric motor 21 is removed.
  • the present invention is not limited to hydraulic shovels, and may also be applied to an electric shovel driven by electric motors alone as illustrated in FIG. 22 .
  • No engine is provided in the electric shovel illustrated in FIG. 22 , and all working elements are driven by electric motors. Electric power to the individual electric motors is all provided by electric power from the electric power accumulation system 120 .
  • a pump electric motor 400 for driving the main pump 14 as well is driven with electric power supplied from the electric power accumulation system 120 via the inverter 18 A.
  • An external power supply 500 may be connected to the electric power accumulation system 120 via a converter 120 A. Electric power is supplied from the external power supply 500 to the electric power accumulation system 120 , so that an electric power accumulator is charged with the electric power and the electric power is supplied from the electric power accumulator to each of the electric motors.
  • the present invention may be applied to working machines in which electric working elements are driven with electric power from an electric power accumulator.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
US13/990,090 2010-12-15 2011-12-14 Shovel Abandoned US20130253781A1 (en)

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JP2016056527A (ja) * 2014-09-05 2016-04-21 日立建機株式会社 ハイブリッド式建設機械
EP3115271A4 (en) * 2014-03-06 2017-10-04 Sumitomo (S.H.I.) Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. Excavator
US20180215363A1 (en) * 2017-02-01 2018-08-02 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicle brake system
US10066358B2 (en) * 2014-07-28 2018-09-04 Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. Hybrid-type working machine
EP3342938A4 (en) * 2015-08-24 2019-06-12 Komatsu Ltd. COMMERCIAL VEHICLE
US20210062471A1 (en) * 2018-04-24 2021-03-04 Yanmar Power Technology Co., Ltd. Electric work machine
CN112644342A (zh) * 2019-10-11 2021-04-13 沃尔沃汽车公司 基于太阳能天窗的动力电池加热系统和方法
EP3910720A1 (de) * 2020-05-12 2021-11-17 Wacker Neuson Produktion GmbH & Co. KG Energieversorgungsvorrichtung mit kühlvorrichtung sowie baumaschine mit einer solchen energieversorgungsvorrichtung

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CN105940160B (zh) * 2014-03-06 2019-05-07 住友建机株式会社 挖土机
WO2017139284A2 (en) * 2016-02-12 2017-08-17 Capacitor Sciences Incorporated Capacitive energy storage cell, capacitive energy storage module, and capacitive energy storage system
CN106088205A (zh) * 2016-07-29 2016-11-09 深圳市三江盛世科技有限公司 一种挖掘机
CN109177749B (zh) * 2018-09-20 2022-02-08 哈尔滨理工大学 增程式电动客车三能源动力系统及能量管理方法
JP7267775B2 (ja) * 2019-02-28 2023-05-02 株式会社小松製作所 作業車両
KR20210130874A (ko) * 2020-04-22 2021-11-02 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 저전압 셀 검출 방법 및 그 방법을 제공하는 배터리 관리 시스템
JP7422610B2 (ja) * 2020-06-02 2024-01-26 ヤンマーホールディングス株式会社 電動式建設機械

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EP3115271A4 (en) * 2014-03-06 2017-10-04 Sumitomo (S.H.I.) Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. Excavator
US10060096B2 (en) * 2014-03-06 2018-08-28 Sumitomo (S.H.I.) Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. Shovel
US10066358B2 (en) * 2014-07-28 2018-09-04 Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. Hybrid-type working machine
JP2016056527A (ja) * 2014-09-05 2016-04-21 日立建機株式会社 ハイブリッド式建設機械
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EP3342938A4 (en) * 2015-08-24 2019-06-12 Komatsu Ltd. COMMERCIAL VEHICLE
US20180215363A1 (en) * 2017-02-01 2018-08-02 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicle brake system
US10787157B2 (en) * 2017-02-01 2020-09-29 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicle brake system
US20210062471A1 (en) * 2018-04-24 2021-03-04 Yanmar Power Technology Co., Ltd. Electric work machine
CN112644342A (zh) * 2019-10-11 2021-04-13 沃尔沃汽车公司 基于太阳能天窗的动力电池加热系统和方法
EP3805035A1 (en) * 2019-10-11 2021-04-14 Volvo Car Corporation Power battery heating system and method using solar sunroof energy
EP3910720A1 (de) * 2020-05-12 2021-11-17 Wacker Neuson Produktion GmbH & Co. KG Energieversorgungsvorrichtung mit kühlvorrichtung sowie baumaschine mit einer solchen energieversorgungsvorrichtung
DE102020112785A1 (de) 2020-05-12 2021-11-18 Wacker Neuson Produktion GmbH & Co. KG Energieversorgungsvorrichtung mit Kühlvorrichtung sowie Baumaschine mit einer solchen Energieversorgungsvorrichtung

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CN103261532B (zh) 2015-06-03
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JPWO2012081620A1 (ja) 2014-05-22
CN103261532A (zh) 2013-08-21

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