US20120032448A1 - Wind turbine generator - Google Patents

Wind turbine generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120032448A1
US20120032448A1 US13/242,771 US201113242771A US2012032448A1 US 20120032448 A1 US20120032448 A1 US 20120032448A1 US 201113242771 A US201113242771 A US 201113242771A US 2012032448 A1 US2012032448 A1 US 2012032448A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
vent
introducing
tower
turbine generator
wind turbine
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US13/242,771
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English (en)
Inventor
Shinsuke Sato
Tatsuo Ishiguro
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Assigned to MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. reassignment MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ISHIGURO, TATSUO, SATO, SHINSUKE
Publication of US20120032448A1 publication Critical patent/US20120032448A1/en
Priority to US13/549,173 priority Critical patent/US8672628B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/60—Cooling or heating of wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/912—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/60—Fluid transfer
    • F05B2260/64—Aeration, ventilation, dehumidification or moisture removal of closed spaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wind turbine generator in which heat generated in equipment during operation is cooled by introducing external air.
  • a standard wind turbine generator is an apparatus in which a rotor head provided with turbine blades rotates by receiving wind force, and a generator is driven by increasing the speed of this rotation by using a gear box, etc., thus generating power.
  • the rotor head is mounted at an end portion of a nacelle, which is installed at the top of a tower erected on the ground, etc. and which is capable of yawing, and is supported so as to be rotatable about a substantially horizontal, laterally oriented rotation axis.
  • a monopole-type steel tower employing a cylindrical tower shell is often employed as the above-described tower, and the structure thereof is such that a base plate provided at the bottom end of the tower shell is secured to a steel-reinforced concrete foundation with anchoring bolts.
  • heat-generating electrical equipment such as a converter and a transformer, is installed inside such a wind turbine generator in addition to the generator, such electrical equipment needs to be appropriately cooled to continue stable operation.
  • a ventilating fan is installed inside the tower or the nacelle, and the heat-generating electrical equipment is cooled by force-feeding cool external air into the interior.
  • cooling liquid such as water, oil, etc.
  • circulation pump heat exchange is performed with the cooling liquid supplied for cooling at a heat exchanger; and the exhaust heat therefrom is externally released.
  • the present invention has been conceived in light of the above-described circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a wind turbine generator that can introduce a sufficient amount of external wind with a simple and low-cost configuration while suppressing power consumption and that can achieve preferable cooling of heat-generating electrical equipment installed inside the nacelle and the tower.
  • the present invention employs the following solutions.
  • a wind turbine generator is a wind turbine generator in which a rotor head that rotates by receiving external wind with turbine blades generates power by driving a generator installed inside a nacelle and in which the nacelle is installed at a top end of a tower, wherein an introducing vent that takes the external wind into an internal space in the wind turbine generator is provided at a portion of an outer circumference surface of the tower or the nacelle that receives positive pressure due to the external wind; and an exhaust vent that externally exhausts cooling air in the internal space is provided at a portion of an outer circumference surface of the tower or the nacelle that receives the negative pressure due to the external wind.
  • the interior of the wind turbine generator can be ventilated without any motive force. That is, the external wind taken in from the introducing vent can be made to flow inside the wind turbine generator as cooling air, and it can be exhausted outside from the exhaust vent after satisfactorily cooling the heat-generating electrical equipment installed inside the wind turbine generator.
  • the heat-generating electrical equipment internally installed can be cooled by taking the external wind into the interior of the wind turbine generator by utilizing the pressure difference generated between the introducing vent and the exhaust vent, and, because there is no need to provided a ventilating fan, or the like, to take in the external wind, the heat-generating electrical equipment installed inside the nacelle and the tower can be satisfactorily cooled with a simple and low-cost configuration and without power consumption.
  • heat-generating equipment may be disposed between the introducing vent and the exhaust vent.
  • the heat-generating equipment can be satisfactorily cooled.
  • the introducing vent may be provided in the outer circumference surface in the circumference direction, at a position where the positive pressure due to the external wind becomes the highest; and the exhaust vent may be provided at a position that forms a substantially right angle with the circumference direction from the position of the introducing vent.
  • the introducing vent is provided at the position in the outer circumference surface of the tower where the positive pressure due to the external wind becomes the highest, and, at the exhaust vent, which is provided at the position that forms a substantially right angle with the circumference direction from the position of the introducing vent, the highest negative pressure acts when the external wind flows along the outer circumference surface of the tower; therefore, the pressure difference between the positive pressure exerted at the introducing vent and the negative pressure exerted at the exhaust vent is maximized.
  • the external wind is efficiently taken into the interior of the wind turbine generator from the introducing vent; the internal air that has cooled the interior of the wind turbine generator is efficiently exhausted outside from the exhaust vent; and thus, the cooling efficiency is increased.
  • the height thereof may be set near the highest position in a range from a ground surface where the tower is erected to a bottom end of a rotation trace of distal ends of the turbine blades.
  • the ground speed of the external wind is generally low near the ground surface on which the tower is erected, and a turbulent airflow is generated behind the turbine blades due to the rotation of the turbine blades; therefore, as described above, by setting the introducing vent near the highest position in the range from the ground surface to the bottom end of the rotation trace of distal ends of the wind turbine blades, the external wind having high ground speed can be introduced from the introducing vent without being affected by the turbulent airflow, and the interior of the wind turbine generator can be satisfactorily cooled.
  • negative-pressure enhancing means for enhancing negative pressure exerted by the external wind may be provided at the exhaust vent.
  • the negative pressure that acts at the exhaust vent is enhanced; therefore, the air inside the wind turbine generator can be efficiently exhausted from the exhaust vent, and the cooling efficiency inside the wind turbine generator can be increased.
  • the negative-pressure enhancing means may be a cover member that covers an opening of the exhaust vent and that is separated from the exhaust vent by a predetermined distance.
  • the negative-pressure enhancing means can be configured in a very simple manner.
  • introducing-vent opening/closing means that opens when the outside air pressure becomes greater than the inside air pressure and that closes when the inside air pressure becomes greater than the outside air pressure may be provided at the introducing vent.
  • the introducing-vent opening/closing means opens at the introducing vent directly facing the external wind because the outside air pressure becomes greater than the inside air pressure thereat, and the introducing-vent opening/closing means at other introducing vents close because the outside air pressure becomes lower than the inside air pressure thereat. Accordingly, the external wind is efficiently introduced, and the external wind, once it has once been introduced, is prevented from escaping from other introducing vents. Therefore, the pressure difference between the introducing vents and the exhaust vent can be increased, a sufficient amount of the external wind can be sent into the interior of the wind turbine generator, and the cooling efficiency inside the wind turbine generator can be increased.
  • exhausting-vent opening/closing means that closes when the outside air pressure becomes greater than the inside air pressure and that opens when the inside air pressure becomes greater than the outside air pressure may be provided at the exhaust vent.
  • the exhausting-vent opening/closing means closes at the exhaust vent directly facing the external wind because the outside air pressure becomes greater than the inside air pressure thereat, and the exhausting-vent opening/closing means at other exhaust vents open because the outside air pressure becomes lower than the inside air pressure thereat.
  • the external wind is efficiently exhausted, a comparatively greater amount of the external wind is taken in from the introducing vent, and the cooling efficiency inside the wind turbine generator can be increased.
  • the tower may have a double cylinder structure; the introducing vent may be provided so as to communicate with one of an outer space and an inner space thereof; the exhaust vent may be provided so as to communicate with the other space; and the outer space and the inner space may be communicated at a position away from the introducing vent and the exhaust vent.
  • foreign-matter removing means for removing foreign matter contained in external air introduced from the introducing vent may be provided downstream of the introducing vent.
  • air vents may be provided at three or more locations along the outer circumference surface in the circumference direction thereof; and these air vents may serve as the introducing vent or the exhaust vent depending on wind direction.
  • the tower interior can always be satisfactorily cooled regardless of the wind direction of the external wind.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view showing an example of a wind turbine generator to which the embodiments of the present invention can be applied.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wind turbine generator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a lateral cross-section taken along line III-III in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a graph of a pressure distribution at an outer circumference surface of a tower.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wind turbine generator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wind turbine generator according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a lateral cross-section taken along line VII-VII in FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 8 is a lateral cross-section taken along line VIII-VIII in FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 9 is a longitudinal cross-section showing an example in which a halo member is utilized as a reinforcing member.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wind turbine generator according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wind turbine generator according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a lateral cross-section taken along line XII-XII in FIG. 11 .
  • FIG. 13 is a lateral cross-section taken along line XIII-XIII in FIG. 11 .
  • FIG. 14A is a lateral cross-section showing a first example structure of an introducing-vent opening/closing means, and a state in which an inner lid member is at a closed position is shown.
  • FIG. 14B is a lateral cross-section showing a first example structure of an introducing-vent opening/closing means, showing a state in which the inner lid member is at an open position.
  • FIG. 15A is a lateral cross-section showing a first example structure of an exhaust-vent opening/closing means, showing a state in which an outer lid member is at a closed position.
  • FIG. 15B is a lateral cross-section showing a first example structure of an exhaust-vent opening/closing means, showing a state in which an outer lid member is at an open position.
  • FIG. 16A is a lateral cross-section showing a second example structure of an introducing-vent opening/closing means.
  • FIG. 16B is a lateral cross-section showing a second example structure of an exhaust-vent opening/closing means.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wind turbine generator according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wind turbine generator according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a lateral cross-section taken along line XIX-XIX in FIG. 18 .
  • FIG. 20 is a view taken along the arrow XX in FIG. 18 .
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wind turbine generator according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a lateral cross-section taken along line XXII-XXII in FIG. 21 .
  • FIG. 23 is a lateral cross-section taken along line XXIII-XXIII in FIG. 21 .
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wind turbine generator according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 25 is a lateral cross-section taken along line XXV-XXV in FIG. 24 .
  • FIG. 1 is a side view showing an example of a wind turbine generator to which cooling structures A to H in individual embodiments, described later, can be applied.
  • This wind turbine generator 1 includes a tower 4 that is erected on a steel-reinforced concrete foundation 3 installed on a ground surface 2 , a nacelle 5 installed at the top end of the tower 4 , and a rotor head 6 that is provided at a front end of the nacelle 5 by being supported in a rotatable manner about a substantially horizontal, laterally oriented rotation axis.
  • the tower 4 is a monopole-type made of a steel cylinder, and the cross-sectional shape thereof is substantially circular.
  • a base plate 7 made of a steel plate is secured to the foundation 3 by being fastened thereto with numerous anchoring bolts 8 .
  • a plurality of turbine blades 9 (for example, three) are mounted to the rotor head 6 extending in radial directions, a generator 11 is installed by being accommodated inside the nacelle 5 , and a rotating shaft 12 of the rotor head 6 is connected to a main shaft of the generator 11 via a gear box, or the like. Accordingly, the wind force of external wind striking the turbine blades 9 is converted to a rotational force that rotates the rotor head 6 and the rotating shaft 12 , and thus, the generator 11 is driven to perform power generation.
  • the nacelle 5 together with the turbine blades 9 , can be turned in the horizontal direction at the top end of the tower 4 and is controlled with a drive device and a control device (not shown) so as to be constantly directed in the upwind direction to enable efficient power generation.
  • electrical equipment 14 which cannot be exposed to external wind and rain, is installed in an internal space S in the tower 4 .
  • the electrical equipment 14 include heat-generating equipment, such as a converter and a transformer; however, because the internal space S in the tower 4 is like a closed chamber, in embodiments described below, heat from the electrical equipment 14 , etc. installed in the internal space S is cooled by cooling structures A to J.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wind turbine generator 1 A according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a lateral cross-section taken along line III-III in FIG. 2
  • the wind turbine generator 1 A is provided with a cooling structure A.
  • an introducing vent 21 and an exhaust vent 22 are provided in the tower 4 having a substantially circular cross-sectional shape as described above.
  • the introducing vent 21 is an opening for taking external wind into the internal space S in the tower 4 as cooling air and is provided at an outer circumference surface of the tower 4 at a portion that receives positive pressure due to the external wind.
  • the exhaust vent 22 is an opening for externally exhausting the cooling air inside the internal space S and is provided at the outer circumference surface of the tower 4 at a portion that receives negative pressure due to the external wind.
  • the introducing vent 21 is provided at a surface where the wind strikes the most on average throughout the year, that is, the surface subjected to the highest positive pressure due to the external wind, and the exhaust vent 22 is provided at a position that forms a right angle with the circumference direction from the position of introducing vent 21 .
  • the exhaust vent 22 is provided at one location at a position that is 90° away from the introducing vent 21 on one side; however, if the strength of the tower 4 and various conditions allow, the exhaust vents 22 may be provided at two locations on both sides of the introducing vent 21 .
  • the shapes of the introducing vent 21 and the exhaust vent 22 are desirably shapes that do not compromise the strength of the tower 4 .
  • Such shapes include, for example, a circular shape, a longitudinally elongated elliptical shape, an elongated circular shape, etc., in which stress is less likely to become concentrated.
  • the introducing vent 21 and the exhaust vent 22 may be formed by arranging a plurality of small holes, slits, etc. close to each other instead of forming each of them as a single opening. By doing so, reduction of strength of the tower 4 associated with the formation of the introducing vent 21 and the exhaust vent 22 can be minimized.
  • the introducing vent 21 is formed near the bottom end of the tower 4 , that is, at a position close to the ground surface 2 and the electrical equipment 14
  • the exhaust vent 22 is formed near the top end of the tower 4 .
  • the cooling structure A configured as described above operates as follows.
  • the exhaust vent 22 is provided at the position that forms a right angle with the circumference direction from the position of the introducing vent 21 , which receives the highest positive pressure due to the external wind; however, this position is a location where the negative pressure generated by the external wind is maximized.
  • this position is a location where the negative pressure generated by the external wind is maximized.
  • the external wind can be taken into the internal space S in the wind turbine generator 1 A (tower 4 ) from the introducing vent 21 to cool the heat-generating electrical equipment 14 , and then, the heat thereof can be smoothly exhausted from the exhaust vent 22 with a very simple, low-cost configuration.
  • the introducing vent 21 is provided at the outer circumference surface at the portion that receives the positive pressure due to the external wind and because the exhaust vent 22 is provided at a position that forms a substantially right angle with the circumference direction from the introducing vent 21 , the maximum pressure difference is ensured between the positive pressure acting at the introducing vent 21 and the negative pressure acting at the exhaust vent 22 , and the external wind can be efficiently taken in from the introducing vent 21 and exhausted from the exhaust vent 22 without using a motive force, such as a ventilating fan, etc.; therefore, the electrical equipment 14 can be satisfactorily cooled without power consumption.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wind turbine generator 1 B according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wind turbine generator 1 B is provided with a cooling structure B.
  • This cooling structure B differs from the cooling structure A in the above-described first embodiment only in that the installation height of the introducing vent 21 is close to a middle portion of the tower 4 and that the installation height of the exhaust vent 22 is close to the bottom end of the tower 4 , and other configurations are the same as those of the cooling structure A. That is, the positional relationship between the introducing vent 21 and the exhaust vent 22 in plan view is as shown in FIG. 3 , and operational advantages brought about by doing so are also similar to those of the cooling structure A.
  • the height of the introducing vent 21 is set near the highest position in a range R from the ground surface 2 to a bottom end of a rotational trace of the distal ends 9 a of the turbine blades 9 .
  • the ground speed of the external wind is generally low near the ground surface 2 and tends to increase as the distance from the ground surface 2 increases.
  • the height of the exhaust vent 22 may not necessarily be near the bottom end of the tower 4 ; however, because it is desirable that the heat-generating electrical equipment 14 be disposed between the introducing vent 21 and the exhaust vent 22 , the exhaust vent 22 in this case is disposed near the bottom end of the tower 4 so as to match with the installation position of the electrical equipment 14 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wind turbine generator 1 C according to a third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a lateral cross-section taken along line VII-VII in FIG. 6
  • FIG. 8 is a lateral cross-section taken along line VIII-VIII in FIG. 6
  • the wind turbine generator 1 C is provided with a cooling structure C.
  • this cooling structure C as in the cooling structure A in the first embodiment, the introducing vent 21 is disposed near the bottom end of the tower 4 , and exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d are disposed near the top end of the tower 4 .
  • the introducing vent 21 is provided only at a single location at a surface where the wind strikes the most on average throughout the year, that is, the surface subjected to the highest positive pressure due to the external wind.
  • the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d are provided at four locations at a height near the top end of the tower 4 at, for example, 90° intervals in the circumference direction; however, the number to be provided and the interval thereof may be arbitrarily set, for example, three locations at 120° intervals, etc.
  • each of the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d is provided with, for example, a cover member 25 .
  • the cover members 25 are plate-like members that cover the openings of the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d and that are secured via various stays and brackets (not shown) separated from the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d by a predetermined distance.
  • the areas of the cover members 25 are set to be one size larger than the opening area of the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d.
  • the cover members 25 are curved along the curved shape of the outer circumference surface of the tower 4 ; however, they may be formed in, for example, flat plate shapes.
  • the cooling structure C configured as above operates as follows.
  • the external wind blows on the wind turbine generator 1 C
  • the external wind directly blows into the introducing vent 21 provided at the position where the positive pressure due to the external wind becomes the highest, is introduced into the interior of the tower 4 as cooling air, and, after cooling the heat-generating machines, such as the electrical equipment 14 , etc., moves toward the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d provided above.
  • the negative pressure due to the external wind that acts at the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d is enhanced by providing the cover members 25 .
  • the positions where the exhaust vents 22 b and 22 d are provided are provided at the positions that form right angles) (90°) with the circumference direction from the position of the exhaust vent 22 a that receives the highest positive pressure due to the external wind; therefore, they are the locations where the negative pressure generated by the flow of the external wind reaches almost its maximum. Accordingly, even if the cover members 25 are not provided, strong negative pressure acts on the exhaust vents 22 b and 22 d, and a suction effect on the internal air, like that shown in FIG. 3 , is realized.
  • the cover members 25 here, the flow of the external wind that flows rearward along the outer circumference curved surface of the tower 4 is rectified and airflow separation near the exhaust vents 22 b and 22 d is prevented; therefore, the negative pressure that acts on the exhaust vents 22 b and 22 d is enhanced.
  • the cooling air in the internal space S is sucked outside from the exhaust vents 22 b and 22 d so as to join the flow of the external wind that flows near the exhaust vents 22 b and 22 d, thereby achieving efficient exhaustion.
  • the cover member 25 By providing the cover member 25 , the negative pressure is enhanced even at the position of the exhaust vent 22 c; therefore, the internal air is also exhausted from the exhaust vent 22 c.
  • the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d are provided at four locations at equal intervals in the circumference direction
  • the present invention is not particularly limited only to this embodiment. Even if the exhaust vents 22 b and 22 d shown in FIG. 7 are provided at positions shifted by 120° in the circumference direction from the position of the exhaust vent 22 a, strong negative pressure can be made to act at the exhaust vents 22 b and 22 d in a similar manner by providing the cover members 25 .
  • the negative pressure from the eternal wind that acts at the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d can be enhanced, and, moreover, a large quantity of internal air can be expelled also from the exhaust vent 22 a that is positioned directly facing the external wind; therefore, the pressure difference between the introducing vent 21 and the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d can be increased further, sufficient external wind can be introduced from the introducing vent 21 , air in the internal space S can be efficiently exhausted from the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d, and the internal cooling performance of the wind turbine generator 1 C can be increased.
  • the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d can always receive the negative-pressure enhancement of the cover members 25 ; therefore, the risk of the cooling efficiency of the wind turbine generator 1 C decreasing depending on the wind direction is low, and a stable cooling effect can be obtained throughout the year. Because the cover members 25 have a very simple configuration, there is no concern that the construction costs of the wind turbine generator 1 C will increase.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wind turbine generator 1 D according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wind turbine generator 1 D is provided with a cooling structure D.
  • This cooling structure D differs from the cooling structure C in the above-described third embodiment only in that the installation location of the introducing vent 21 is at a front surface of the nacelle 5 instead of the tower 4 and that the installation height of the four exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d is close to the bottom end of the tower 4 , and other configurations are the same as those of the cooling structure C.
  • the number of exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d does not necessarily need to be four locations.
  • the introducing vent 21 opens at the front surface of the nacelle 5 , for example, below a portion where the rotation shaft 12 of the turbine blades 9 protrudes; however, it may be provided at other locations, for example, at a side surface, top surface, etc. of the nacelle 5 , so long as the structure thereof opens frontward (upwind).
  • the positions of the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d in the circumference direction provided at the outer circumference surface of the tower 4 , the structure of the cover members 25 , which serves as the negative-pressure enhancing means, the operations and effects thereof, etc. are similar to those in the cooling structure C.
  • the introducing vent 21 provided in the nacelle 5 always faces the upwind side according to the controlled turning of the nacelle 5 ; therefore, the maximum amount of external wind that is taken in from the introducing vent 21 is always ensured.
  • an excellent exhaust performance can be obtained by providing the cover members 25 ; therefore, the pressure difference between the introducing vent 21 and the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d can be increased further, the supply amount of the cooling air supplied to the internal space S in the wind turbine generator 1 D can be increased, and a high cooling efficiency can be obtained with no motive force.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wind turbine generator 1 E according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 12 is a lateral cross-section taken along line XII-XII in FIG. 11
  • FIG. 13 is a lateral cross-section taken along line XIII-XIII in FIG. 11
  • the wind turbine generator 1 E is provided with a cooling structure E.
  • this cooling structure E four introducing vents 21 a to 21 d are disposed close to the bottom end of the tower 4 , for example, at 90° intervals in the circumference direction, and the four exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d are disposed close to the top end of the tower 4 similarly at 90° intervals in the circumference direction.
  • An inner-lid member 31 is provided at each of the introducing vents 21 a to 21 d as introducing-vent opening/closing means, and an outer-lid member 32 is provided at each of the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d as exhausting-vent opening/closing means.
  • the number of introducing vents 21 a to 21 d and the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d does not necessarily need to be four locations; for example, they may be provided at three locations at 120° intervals, and the number and intervals thereof may be arbitrarily set.
  • the inner-lid members 31 are plate-like members that are curved along the inner circumference surface of the tower 4 , that are formed so as to be able to block the introducing vents 21 a to 21 d from inside in an airtight manner, and that are provided so that they can be brought into contact with and moved away from the introducing vents 21 a to 21 d from inside thereof. As shown in FIG. 13 , the inner-lid members 31 are plate-like members that are curved along the inner circumference surface of the tower 4 , that are formed so as to be able to block the introducing vents 21 a to 21 d from inside in an airtight manner, and that are provided so that they can be brought into contact with and moved away from the introducing vents 21 a to 21 d from inside thereof. As shown in FIG.
  • the outer-lid members 32 are plate-like members that are curved along the outer circumference surface of the tower 4 , that are formed so as to be able to block the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d from outside in an airtight manner, and that are provided so that they can be brought into contact with and moved away from the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d from outside thereof.
  • rod-like guide rods 35 are perpendicularly fixed at center portions thereof, and stopper plates 36 are bonded to the other ends of the guide rods 35 .
  • slide pipes 37 are fixed inside the introducing vents 21 a to 21 d with stay members (not shown), and the guide rods 35 are supported with the slide pipes 37 in a freely slidable manner in the shaft direction by being inserted thereinto. Accordingly, the inner-lid members 31 can be moved between a closed position 31 a shown in FIG. 14A and an open position 31 b shown in FIG. 14B .
  • the inner-lids 31 are in close contact with the introducing vents 21 a to 21 d from inside to block the introducing vents 21 a to 21 d, and the stopper plates 36 are in contact with inner ends of the slide pipes 37 .
  • the inner-lid members 31 are moved away inward from the introducing vents 21 a to 21 d to open the introducing vents 21 a to 21 d, and, at this time, the inner-lid members 31 are in contact with outer ends of the slide pipes 37 , which restricts the movement thereof.
  • the outer-lid members 32 As shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B , in the outer-lid members 32 , as in the inner-lid members 31 , the guide rods 35 fixed to center portions thereof are supported in a freely slidable manner on the slide pipes 37 fixed to the inside of the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d, and the stopper plates 36 are bonded to the other ends of the guide rods 35 . Accordingly, the outer-lid members 32 can be moved between a closed position 32 a shown in FIG. 15A and an open position 32 b shown in FIG. 15B . At the closed position 32 a, the outer-lid members 32 are in close contact with the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d from outside and block the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d.
  • the outer-lid members 32 are moved away outward from the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d to open the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d, and, at this time, the stopper plates 36 are in contact with inner ends of the slide pipes 37 , which restricts the movement of the outer-lid members 32 .
  • the inner-lid members 31 slide from the closed position 31 a to the open position 31 b when the outside air pressure at the introducing vents 21 a to 21 d becomes greater than the inside air pressure and slide from the open position 31 b to the closed position 31 a when the inside air pressure at the introducing vents 21 a to 21 d becomes greater than the outside air pressure.
  • the outer-lid members 32 slide from the open position 32 b to the closed position 32 a when the outside air pressure at the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d becomes greater than the inside air pressure and slide from the closed position 32 a to the open position 32 b when the inside air pressure at the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d becomes greater than the outside air pressure.
  • the inner-lid members 31 and the outer-lid members 32 may be naturally moved by being pushed by air pressure; however, open/close control may be provided in accordance with the air pressure by employing a dedicated drive device and control device.
  • the cooling structure E configured as above operates as follows.
  • the air pressure outside thereof becomes greater than the air pressure inside; therefore, the inner-lid members 31 are pressed by the air pressure and slide to the open position 31 b, and the introducing vent 21 a is opened.
  • the introducing vents 21 b and 21 d are located at positions 90° away from the introducing vent 21 a in the circumference direction, the negative pressure acts at these positions due to the external wind that flows at the surfaces thereof. Furthermore, the negative pressure also acts outside the introducing vent 21 c.
  • the inside air pressure becomes greater than the outside air pressure at the introducing vents 21 b, 21 c and 21 d, and each inner-lid member 31 slides to the closed position 31 a to block the introducing vents 21 b, 21 c, and 21 d. Therefore, the external wind flows into the internal space S in the tower 4 only from the introducing vent 21 a that is directly facing the external wind.
  • the outside air pressure becomes greater than the inside air pressure; therefore, the outer-lid member 32 slides to the closed position 32 a by being pressed by the air pressure and the exhaust vent 22 a becomes blocked. Because the exhaust vents 22 b and 22 d are located at positions 90° away from the exhaust vent 22 a in the circumference direction, the negative pressure acts at these positions due to the external wind that flows at the surfaces thereof.
  • the inside air pressure becomes greater than the outside air pressure at the exhaust vents 22 b, 22 c, and 22 d; each outer-lid member 32 slides to the open position 32 b; and the exhaust vents 22 b, 22 c, and 22 d become open. Therefore, the air inside the tower 4 is exhausted from the exhaust vents 22 b, 22 c, and 22 d, except for the exhaust vent 22 a that directly faces the external wind.
  • the inner-lid members 31 and the outer-lid members 32 have simple configurations, they do not lead to a considerable increase in costs.
  • the inner-lid members 31 and the outer-lid members 32 are not limited to the above-described sliding types; other configurations may be employed.
  • the inner-lid members 31 and the outer-lid members 32 can be more simply structured by configuring them as flapper types (reed-valve types).
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wind turbine generator 1 F according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wind turbine generator 1 F is provided with a cooling structure F.
  • This cooling structure F differs from the cooling structure E in the above-described fifth embodiment only in that the installation location of an exhaust vent 22 e is at a rear surface of the nacelle 5 instead of the tower 4 , and the configurations of other portions, including the introducing vents 21 a to 21 d, are the same as those of the cooling structure E.
  • an exhaust vent 22 f may be provided at a side surface of the nacelle 5 as shown by the two-dot-chain line.
  • the exhaust vent 22 e In the case in which the exhaust vent 22 e is provided at the rear surface of the nacelle 5 , the exhaust vent 22 e always faces the downwind side of the external wind in accordance with the turning of the nacelle 5 , and in the case in which the exhaust vent 22 f is provided at the side surface of the nacelle 5 , the exhaust vent 22 f is located at a position at which strong negative pressure is generated due to the eternal wind; therefore, in both cases, strong negative pressure acts outside of the exhaust vents 22 e and 22 f, and, consequently, an effect can be obtained whereby the air in the internal space S in the tower 4 is sucked outside from the exhaust vents 22 e and 22 f.
  • the supply amount of the cooling air supplied from the introducing vents 21 a to 21 d to the internal space S in the wind turbine generator 1 F can be increased, and the electrical equipment 14 installed at the bottom portion of the tower 4 and heat-generating machines installed in the nacelle 5 , such as the generator 11 , etc., can be effectively cooled.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wind turbine generator 1 G according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 19 is a lateral cross-section taken along line XIX-XIX in FIG. 18 .
  • the wind turbine generator 1 G is provided with a cooling structure G.
  • a cylindrical inner wall 41 is provided inside the tower 4 , which makes the tower 4 a double-cylinder structure
  • an outer space S 1 is formed at an outer circumference side of the interior of the tower 4
  • an inner space S 2 is formed at an inner circumference side of the outer space S 1 .
  • the introducing vent 21 is provided so as to communicate with the outer space S 1
  • the exhaust vent 22 is provided so as to communicate with the inner space S 2 .
  • the heights for both the introducing vent 21 and the exhaust vent 22 are set close the middle portion of the tower 4 , the height for each of them may be set differently.
  • FIG. 19 shows, in plan view, positions of the introducing vent 21 and the exhaust vent 22 in the circumference direction.
  • the positions of the introducing vent 21 and the exhaust vent 22 in the circumference direction are, as in the cooling structure A in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3 , such that the introducing vent 21 is provided at, in the circumference direction of the outer circumference surface of the tower 4 , the surface where the wind strikes the most on average throughout the year, that is, the surface subjected to the highest positive pressure due to the external wind, and the exhaust vent 22 is provided at the position that forms aright angle with the circumference direction from the introducing vent 21 .
  • the exhaust vents 22 may be provided at two locations on both sides of the introducing vent 21 , etc.
  • the introducing vent 21 communicates with the outer space S 1 by penetrating the outer wall of the tower 4 so that the external air introduced from the introducing vent 21 flows into the outer space S 1 .
  • the exhaust vent 22 communicates with the inner space S 2 via a communication pipe 43 so that the air in the inner space S 2 is exhausted from the exhaust vent 22 without entering the outer space S 1 .
  • the height of the inner wall 41 at the top end thereof is substantially the same as the height of the part near the top end of the tower 4 , and the outer space S 1 and the inner space S 2 are in communication at the interior of the nacelle 5 . Because the height of the inner wall 41 at the bottom end thereof is positioned slightly higher than the height of the tower 4 at the bottom end thereof, the outer space S 1 and the inner space S 2 are in communication near the bottom end of the tower 4 . In this way, the outer space S 1 and the inner space S 2 communicate with each other at positions away from the positions where the introducing vent 21 and the exhaust vent 22 are provided.
  • an arc-shaped filter member 45 is provided around the introducing vent 21 .
  • the filter member 45 is positioned downstream of the introducing vent 21 and functions as foreign-matter removing means that removes foreign matter contained in the external air introduced from the introducing vent 21 , such as moisture, salt, dust, etc.
  • the shape of the filter member 45 is not limited to the arc shape.
  • a configuration may be employed in which the filter member 45 is formed by extending the cross-section thereof shown in FIG. 18 in the circumference direction of the outer space S 1 without modification so that a large ring shape is formed in plan view and by flanking the introducing vent 21 with two, top and bottom, filter members.
  • the cooling structure G configured as above operates as follows.
  • the external wind blows on the wind turbine generator G 1 , first, the external wind is introduced into the outer space S 1 as cooling air from the introducing vent 21 provided at a portion at the outer circumference surface of the tower 4 where the positive pressure due to the external wind is received.
  • This external wind flows in the outer space S 1 in the top-bottom direction and the circumference direction after foreign matter therein, such as moisture, salt, dust, etc., has been removed when passing through the filter member 45 .
  • the air that has flowed downward in the outer space S 1 enters the inner space S 2 from the bottom end of the inner wall 41 , while changing its flow direction to upward, and flows upward to be exhausted outside from the exhaust vent 22 after cooling the heat-generating electrical equipment 14 .
  • the exhaust vent 22 is provided at the location where the negative pressure generated due to the external wind is maximized, a large pressure difference can be generated between the introducing vent 21 and the exhaust vent 22 and the air in the inner space S 2 can be efficiently ventilated with no motive force.
  • the tower 4 is formed to have the double-cylinder structure by providing the inner wall 41 in the interior of the tower 4 , the strength of the tower 4 can be increased.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wind turbine generator 1 H according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 22 is a lateral cross-section taken along line XXII-XXII in FIG. 21
  • FIG. 23 is a lateral cross-section taken along line XXIII-XXIII in FIG. 21 .
  • the wind turbine generator 1 H is provided with a cooling structure H.
  • this cooling structure H as in the above-described cooling structure G, the cylindrical inner wall 41 is provided inside the tower 4 , which makes the tower 4 a double-cylinder structure, and the outer space S 1 and the inner space S 2 are formed inside the tower 4 .
  • the four introducing vents 21 a to 21 d are disposed at 90° intervals in the circumference direction at a height that is slightly below the middle portion of the tower 4 and the four exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d are similarly disposed at 90° intervals in the circumference direction at a height that is slightly above the middle portion of the tower 4 .
  • the introducing vents 21 a to 21 d communicate with the outer space S 1 by penetrating the outer wall of the tower 4 so that the external air introduced from each of the introducing vents 21 a to 21 d flows into the outer space S 1 .
  • the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d communicate with the inner space S 2 via the communication pipe 43 so that the air in the inner space S 2 is exhausted from the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d without entering the outer space S 1 .
  • the inner-lid member 31 is provided at each of the introducing vents 21 a to 21 d as the introducing-vent opening/closing means
  • the outer-lid member 32 is provided at each of the exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d as the exhausting-vent opening/closing means.
  • a filter member 45 similar to that in the cooling structure G according to the seventh embodiment is provided at each of the introducing vents 21 a to 21 d.
  • the cooling structure H configured as above operates as follows.
  • the inner-lid member 31 is opened (in the open position 31 b ) only at the introducing vent 21 a, which directly faces the external wind, and the inner-lid members 31 are closed (in the closed position 31 a ) at the other three introducing vents 21 b, 21 c, and 21 d; therefore, the introducing vents 21 b, 21 c, and 21 d are closed. Accordingly, the external wind flows into the outer space S 1 only from the introducing vent 21 a.
  • the air that has flowed downward in the outer space S 1 enters the inner space S 2 from the bottom end of the inner wall 41 , while changing its flow direction to upward, and flows upward after cooling the heat-generating electrical equipment 14 . Subsequently the air inside the inner space S 2 is exhausted from the exhaust vents 22 b, 22 c, and 22 d, because, as in the cooling structure E in the fifth embodiment, of the four exhaust vents 22 a to 22 d, the outer-lid member 32 is closed (put in the closed position 32 a ) only at the exhaust vent 22 a, which directly faces with the external wind, and the outer-lid members 32 at the other three exhaust vents 22 b, 22 c, and 22 d are opened (put in the open position 32 b ) due to the negative pressure caused by the external wind. In this way, the air in the inner space S 2 can be efficiently ventilated with no motive force.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a wind turbine generator 1 J according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 25 is a lateral cross-section taken along line XXV-XXV in FIG. 24
  • the wind turbine generator 1 J is provided with a cooling structure J.
  • this cooling structure J for example, air vents 48 a to 48 c are formed at three locations at 120° intervals along the circumference direction of the outer circumference surface of the tower 4 , for example, near the bottom end of the tower 4 .
  • These air vents 48 a to 48 c serve as the introducing vent from which the external wind is taken into the internal space S in the tower 4 and serve as the exhaust vents from which the air in the internal space S is exhausted outside depending on the wind direction.
  • These air vents 48 a to 48 c are provided so as to surround the periphery of the heat-generating equipment installed in the lower portion of the tower 4 , such as the electrical equipment 14 etc.; however, they need not necessarily be provided at the same height, and height differences may be given to the individual air vents 48 a to 48 c. With regard to the positions in the circumference direction and the number of the individual air vents 48 a to 48 c, they do not necessarily have to be three locations at 120° intervals; for example, they may be provided at three or more locations.
  • the cooling structure J configured as above operates as follows.
  • the air vent 48 a serves as the introducing vent because it receives the positive pressure due to the external wind; and the external wind is directly introduced into the interior of the tower 4 from the air vent 48 a as the cooling air and cools the electrical equipment 14 .
  • the air vents 48 b and 48 c serve as the exhaust vents because they receive the negative pressure due to the external wind, and the air in the internal space S is exhausted outside therefrom.
  • the air vent 48 b serves as the introducing vent
  • the air vents 48 a and 48 c serve as the exhaust vents.
  • the air vent 48 c serves as the introducing vent
  • the air vents 48 a and 48 b serve as the exhaust vents.
  • one of the air vents 48 a to 48 c, a plurality of which are provided, serves as an introducing vent, and the others serve as exhaust vents; therefore, the electrical equipment 14 can always be satisfactorily cooled regardless of the wind direction.
  • the present invention is naturally not limited only to the forms of the first to ninth embodiments described above.

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  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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US20110163545A1 (en) * 2009-08-28 2011-07-07 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Wind turbine for wind power generation
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US20140318060A1 (en) * 2011-09-09 2014-10-30 Areva Wind Gmbh Wind turbine with circumferential air guiding tower wall reinforcement
EP2853734A1 (fr) * 2013-09-26 2015-04-01 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Appareil de génération d'énergie renouvelable
US20170285977A1 (en) * 2016-04-01 2017-10-05 Intel Corporation Methods and apparatus to manage a process under a memory constraint
EP3751136A1 (fr) * 2019-06-10 2020-12-16 General Electric Company Système et procédé de refroidissement d'une tour d'éolienne
JP2022027975A (ja) * 2012-07-24 2022-02-14 ナテラ， インコーポレイテッド 高度多重ｐｃｒ法および組成物
CN114060236A (zh) * 2021-12-17 2022-02-18 东方电气（天津）风电叶片工程有限公司 一种风电叶片用均压排气装置
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CN102705179B (zh) * 2012-06-08 2014-05-14 华锐风电科技(江苏)有限公司 微正压发生装置
JP6383562B2 (ja) * 2014-04-23 2018-08-29 株式会社日立製作所 風力発電設備
JP6368559B2 (ja) 2014-06-27 2018-08-01 株式会社日立製作所 風力発電装置
CN104632537B (zh) * 2015-01-30 2018-05-04 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 风力发电机组的冷却装置、冷却系统和风力发电机组
CN105089943B (zh) * 2015-08-10 2019-02-15 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 风力发电机组散热系统和风力发电机组
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US20100102559A1 (en) * 2008-10-28 2010-04-29 Peder Bay Enevoldsen Wind turbine arrangement and method for aligning a wind turbine with the wind direction
US8502405B2 (en) * 2009-08-28 2013-08-06 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Wind turbine for wind power generation
US20110163545A1 (en) * 2009-08-28 2011-07-07 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Wind turbine for wind power generation
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US8227932B2 (en) * 2010-02-08 2012-07-24 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Wind generator having an outside air-circulation flow path in a tower thereof
US20130009405A1 (en) * 2010-02-08 2013-01-10 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Wind turbine generator
US8672628B2 (en) * 2010-06-30 2014-03-18 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Wind turbine generator
US20120299307A1 (en) * 2010-06-30 2012-11-29 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Wind turbine generator
US20140318060A1 (en) * 2011-09-09 2014-10-30 Areva Wind Gmbh Wind turbine with circumferential air guiding tower wall reinforcement
JP2022027975A (ja) * 2012-07-24 2022-02-14 ナテラ， インコーポレイテッド 高度多重ｐｃｒ法および組成物
JP7503043B2 (ja) 2012-07-24 2024-06-19 ナテラ， インコーポレイテッド 高度多重ｐｃｒ法および組成物
EP2853734A1 (fr) * 2013-09-26 2015-04-01 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Appareil de génération d'énergie renouvelable
US20170285977A1 (en) * 2016-04-01 2017-10-05 Intel Corporation Methods and apparatus to manage a process under a memory constraint
EP3751136A1 (fr) * 2019-06-10 2020-12-16 General Electric Company Système et procédé de refroidissement d'une tour d'éolienne
US10954922B2 (en) 2019-06-10 2021-03-23 General Electric Company System and method for cooling a tower of a wind turbine
US20220349382A1 (en) * 2021-04-28 2022-11-03 General Electric Renovables Espana, S.L. Back-up power supply for wind turbines
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CN114060236A (zh) * 2021-12-17 2022-02-18 东方电气（天津）风电叶片工程有限公司 一种风电叶片用均压排气装置

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US20120299307A1 (en) 2012-11-29
EP2589806A1 (fr) 2013-05-08
JP2012013002A (ja) 2012-01-19
EP2589806A4 (fr) 2014-04-23
WO2012002491A1 (fr) 2012-01-05
US8672628B2 (en) 2014-03-18

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