US2011592A - Regenerative coke oven - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 20, 1935. w. REPPEKUS REGENERATIVE COKE QVEN Filed April 11, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet l Patented Aug. 20, 1935 PATENT orric 2,011,592 a REGENERATIVE COKE OVEN Walter Reppekus, Essen, Ruhr, Germany Application April 11, 1932, Serial No. 604,571 In Germany April 16,1931

8 Claims.

This invention relates to regenerative coke ovens having regenerator chambers beneath the base of the oven running longitudinally of the coking chambers through which hot waste gases on the one handvand air and combustion gas on the other hand are'passed alternately and relates more particularly to regenerative coke ovens of the type which are heated by lean gas.

In coke ovens, as is well known, the uniform heating of the coking chambers plays a leading part in the production of high-grade coke. It is important that the entire contents of a coking chamber be coked as far as possible in the same period of time in order to prevent any parts of the coke cake staying in the chamber too long and being overdone. Uneven baking of the contents of the chamber also lowers considerably the efiiciency of a coke oven.

In order to attain a uniform heating of the walls of the chambers of a coke oven the flued heating walls of the coking chambers through which the heating gases are passed are divided up by a plurality oftransverse partitions in such a manner that a series of vertical channels or combustion flues is formed in which the combustion of gas and air takes place so that heating flames pass over the entire length of the chamber wall. In order that the heat produced in each of these heating channels shall be as uniform as possible regulating valves are often provided at the gas and air inlet openings thereto by means of which the quantity of incoming cornbustion media can be varied. By means of these regulating valves it is certainly possible to obtain a sufficiently uniform distribution of gas and air to all the heating channels of a coke oven, but such regulating valves usually have the defect that the total flow of air and combustion gas on the one hand and of waste gases on the other hand is not inconsiderably throttled down, whereby considerable loss of draught is caused in the coke oven which renders necessary the provision of expensive apparatus for setting up an artificial draught.

The principal object of my invention isto provide a regenerative coke oven heated by weak or lean gas which is so constructed as to do away with individual regulating or control of the quantities of gas and air flowing into the heating channels of the coking chamber walls.

A further object of my invention is to provide a coke oven battery wherein the means usually employed for controlling the supply of heating media to the individual coking ovens orthe heating walls thereof are done away with.

openings l2.

A'still further object of my invention is to provide a coke oven wherein the passage of combustion gas into the waste heat channels is prevented.

A final object of my invention is to provide im- 5 provements in a coke oven battery for preventing loss of combustion gas caused when the direction of draught is changed.

With the above and other objects of my invention in view I will now describe the nature of the present invention with particular reference to the accompanying drawings:-

Figure l is a vertical longitudinal section through a coke oven battery constructed in accordance with my invention.

Figure 2 is a horizontal section along the line II--II of Figure l. l I

Figure 3 is a vertical cross section through another embodiment of my invention.

Figure 4 is a vertical cross section through a still further embodiment of my invention, and

Figure 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken longitudinally of the battery on line 55 of Fig. 3.

Referring first to Figures 1 and 2 there is provided on a base plate I of concrete or. the like a number of channels 2, 3, l, 5, 6, l, and 8 composed of brickwork or the like which run parallel to one another longitudinal of the oven battery. Between these channels and the base plate I channels 9 are provided through which cold air can be passed for the purpose of cooling the base plate. This air is warmed thereby and can if required be used as combustion air for the heating gas of the coke oven.

On the brick work forming the channels 2-8 the coke oven battery I0 is erected which has a series of coking chambers l I running perpendicularly to the channels 2-8 in which the coal to be coked is introduced from above through On the right hand side of Figure 1 the construction of the walls I3 of the coking chamber H is clearly illustrated. The walls 12 have a series of vertical channels Hi, Ida connected together in pairs at the upper end by openings l5. In one period of operation gas and air are introduced separately at the lower end of the channels M in which they burn and rise up to pass into the channels I do at the lower 5 end of which they are withdrawn. The path of the gases in the period of operation just described is indicated inFigui-e 1 by the arrow Hi.

.In the next period of operation the direction of fiow of the gas is altered, i. e. gas and air are gases removed from the fines l4.

. Theheating gas and combustion air are preheated by regenerator chambers'll, Ila, l8, la, %9, Ilia, 20, 2% provided with the ordinary 'chequer brickwork and disposed beneath the'coking chamber H and heating walls 12. ,These regenerator chambers run parallel to the coking chambers as shown in Figure 2: The regenerator chambers ll, '58, i9, 20 are separated from the regenerators Ha, 18a, l3a, 200, by a wall 2! which serves to facilitate the distribution of the gas over the whole length of the regenerators provided beneath the coking chambers. In theirfunction however the regenerators lying on either,

side of the oven battery are similar so that in certain cases the partitin'"walls 2l 'c'ould be omitted. The regenerator chambers ar'eprovided at the bottomwith channels 22 and ,atithetop- 3 with distribution channels 23.

Gas and air are introduced into the regenerator base channels 22 from the channels 2-8 and distributed by the channels 23 to'the heating flues M, Ma. The way in which the regeneraltors are co'n'ne'cte'dwith the base channels and the heating channels-of the he'ating walls ac.- -,cor.ding to my invention may best be understood by followingthepath taken by the'gases in one period of operation. Assume that in oneperiod of operation weak gas is supplied to the'base channels'Z and 3 and cold air to the base channels 3 and Z. "Iheweak gas passes from the base channels 2 and 3 to connecting channels-24 into the'channel 22 or the regenerator chambers 20, 23a. The air flows from the base channels 3 and I through" the channels 25 into the air regenerators l9, [3a disposed on either side of the gas regenerators '23, 20a. The cold 'm'ediarise in the regenerators which have "beenpreviously heating bywast'e' gas and become warmth'ereby.

' The hot gas then passes into the u per distribution channel 23 of the regenerators 20, 201 and thence through the channels 26 into'the lower end-of the heating channels M. In a similar 1 mannerjithe hot air passes through the channels which for the sake of clearness are not shown in Figure lfrom the regenerators 13, 13a intoheat- 'ing channels I4. 1

The gas and air are burned in thechannels I4 and the hot waste gases then flow through the heating channels Ma from whichthey are withdrawn through channels-2'! into the regenerators H, lid, l8, Illa. Theselatter regenerators are each'situated near an air regenerator l9, lllafas shown in Figure 2. This arrangement of the "regenerators renders impossible the escape of heating gas into the waste gas channels through :crevices in the brickwork'separating the regenerators, because there is no difference'in-pressur'e between the heating.gasregenerators and the air ,regenerators. Finally the waste gases flowfrom the regenerators l'l, ,lla lti, 18a through the I channels'28 into the base channels; 4, 3.

, As shown in Figure 1 the connecting channels .24, 25, of the base channels I,- 3, 1,8, open into the regeneratorchambers at the outer end of same next to the longitudinal'si'deof the battery, 'while the connecting channels28 tothe base channels 4, 3, 6,'emerge from the inner end of the regeneratorchambers atthelongitudinal median :line of the battery. This disposition of the openings of the connecting channels .24, 25,, 28 has lthe' consequence that the path of the "gases "through the various heating channels in either direction or now is always the same. .Conse- I "drawn Ibattery. The similarity of the gas paths in respect of the whole oven battery permits the "usual individual regulation of the quantities of I "gasandf air'for each regenerator to be done away quently during oneperiod of operation the same draught always exists in all the heating channels I I4 so that practically equal quantitiesof gas and air are sucked into all the channels Hi from the regenerators connected therewith, without the necessity for providing regulating valves exerting a throttling effect at the front of the heating channels. I

In the next period of operation which begins when the temperature of the chequergbrickwork in the gas and air regenerators has fallen below the point required for heating the heating air and gas, the path of the gases through the coke oven and regenerators is reversed. The heating gasis then introduced into the base channel 5,

,the combustion air into the base channels 4, 6, 1 while the waste gases are withdrawn into the base'channels 2, 3, I, 8.

Then in the following period of operation the path of the gases is exactly the same as that first described.

'- In the coke oven battery illustratedin Figs. 1 and 2 the heating gas is supplied through the pipe 29 and selectively supplied to the base channels 2,-5, 8', through branch pipes 32 controlled= be'e'n described in detail the gas valves 39 are opened and the gas valves 32 closed. The air flaps 33, 33, opened and the air flaps 34, 35, closed, and finally the waste'gas valves 38, 39, 43, 44 closed an'd thewaste gas valves 46, 4|, 42 opened. Whenthe direction of heating is changed these gas, air and waste gas valves are set inreverse position. v v I v The"arra: ngement of the gas and waste gas "valves and of the' air flaps described above and illustrated inthe. drawings yields the importantv advantage that when the direction of'heating is changed for the whole oven batteryno matter how many coke ovens it may comprise only fourteen reversingmembers have to be actuated. All the regulating members provided in the usual *coke ovenbatte'ry for controlling the entry of gas and-air into the regenerators and the escape f waste gas-from the' 'rege'nerators are done 'away'with; thus substantially lowering the cost oflthbattery;

' A further advantage of the oven construction herein described resides in the fact that not only {are the paths of the gases within the individual coke ovens the samefbut they are also the same ,in resp'ect "of the whole oven battery because gas and air are always supplied at one end of the battery whilst the waste gases areonly withinto the chimney at the other end of the with as owing'to'the similarity of the gas paths in all the functionally similar regenerators in each'period of operation the same draught exists :jso that practically similar quantities of gas are sucked intofall the regenerators.

Preferably in the coke oven batteryillustrated withdraw a small quantity of waste gas .from the collecting channels 3! through a pipe 416 by means of a ventilator ily-and I force this quantity: of waste gas into the base channels throughwhich heating gas has previously fiowedrbefore opening responds to the .ure 2.

the heatinggas valves, 30 or 32. The base channels 2, 5, 8, are connected for this purpose by pipes 48, 48a controlled by valves 49, 4901. with the pressure pipe 50 of the ventilator 4]. Waste gas is introduced into the base channels through which heating gas has previously flowed when the direction of heating is changed until the heating gas is substantially completely removed from the regenerators into the heating channels and there burnt. At this time the air flaps and waste gas valves are also closed, and then the introduction of waste gas by. means of the ventilator 4'! is arrested. Then the heatinggas and waste gas valves and. air flaps for the other direction'of heating are opened. v

In the construction of the oven battery i1lus- ,trated in Figure 1 the basechannels carrying the heating gas areseparated from those carrying the "waste gas by channels containing air so that it lost in the base channels. 1

-. Instead ofthis arrangement of the base: channels I can also employ another which is illus- .trated in Figure 3. .In the ovenkaccording to Figure 3 in one period of operation heatinggas is supplied to the base channel 5| which is connected by thechannel 52 with the middleof the bottom channel 53 of one of the regenerators 54. As usual the regenerators are provided with reis practically impossible for heating gas to be fractory brickwork 55. lngthe construction illustrated in Figure 3 the regenerators extend throughout the whole length of the oven.

In the oven according to Figure 3 air is admitted in this period of operation into the base channel 155 which is connected by the channel 56 with air regenerators situated besidesthej gas .regenerators 54. The waste gases are withdrawn from the ends of the regenerator chambers through-channels ill into the base channels 58, .59, 60, 6| from groups of regenerators adjoined on both sides by air regenerators. The connection of the regenerator chambers with the base channels thus corarrangement according to Fig- As shown from Figure 3 in one period of operation the base. channel El carrying the heating :gas

is adjoined by a base channel 59 carrying waste gas. For the purposeof preventingescape -of heating gas from the channel Elthrough crevices in the brickwork into the waste gas channel 59 compensating channels 60 are provided which are connected by the cooling channel 6| to the outer air. g

' In the oven according to Figure-3 when "the Hdirection of heating has changed heating. gas is introduced into the base channels 58, El; air into the base channels 59, 60 and waste gas into the base channels El, 55. As thev base channels are alternately connected to the outer end and the middle of the regenerator gas paths of equal length are again formed inside the coke ov en.

E y-providing heating gas, valves and air flaps according to Figure 2 the gas paths can also be equalized in relation to the wholeoven battery.

. Another method of insulating the zbase chan- .nels-carrying the heating gas from those carrying the wastegas is illustrated in Figure a.

In the oven battery according to Figure 4 waste gas is supplied in one period of operation by the pipes 62 and in the other period of operation by thepipes 62a, thepipes 62 being connected with the middle end of the regenerator chambers and the one hand and with the channels of the heating walls on the other hand is similar to the construction according to Figure 2 so that in thiscase also gas paths of equal length areobtained in each coke oven together with an effectiveinsolation of the gas carrying regenerators from the waste heat carrying regenerators by the regenerzitors carrying air. i i

' My'present'invention can be applied to all coke ovens wherein the heating channels of the heating Walls co-operate in pairs or groups. Whilst inFigure l-a so-called twin-draught oven isillustrated as anexample in which the'vertical heating channels of each heating wall co-operate the invention wherein the heating channels of two different heating walls co-operate. For this purpose the horizontal channel 66 into which the heating fiues 6'! open are connected with the adjacent or another heating wall by a roof channel 69 passing over the oven chamber 68. Then inone period of operation gas and air are introduced into the heating flue 6i and withdrawn through the roof channels 69 into the heating channels of the other wall, and in the other period of operation the waste gases flowing through the roof channels 69 into the vertical channels Bl are withdrawn from the latter.

Finally in Figure 4 the invention is shown as applied to a coke oven in which two heating fines l5! co-operate withtwoheating flues H in such manner that inone period of operation gas and air are burnt in the fines H3 and withdrawn 'frornthe flues II and vice versa in the other period of operation. Finally the provision of the'baee channels or .pipeswith a covering which is a bad conductor of heat for the purpose of reducing loss of heat is common to all the embodiments illustrated in the drawings.

I do not desire my present invention'to 'be restricted to the details illustrated in the drawings anddescribed above on the contrary the invention-may be variously embodied within the scope of the claims hereinafter made.

I claim: 1. A coking retort oven battery comprising a series of alternate horizontal coking chambers and heating walls therefor arranged laterally of each other in a row, each of said heating 'walls comprising heatingfiues, a series of regenerative means disposed beneath said coking chambers "and heating walls and operatively disposed in two sets. operable in alternation for simultaneous separate inflowpreheating of heating gas and air and concurrent waste gas outflow, the regenerative means of one set alternating in position with those-ofthe other set longitudinally of the batinpairs, Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment'of of the sets thereof opening into the regenerative tery, each of said regenerative means communicating with the heating flues and running parallel to the coking chambers-and being substantially coextensivein length with the whole length of the coking; chambers, longitudinal channels extending longitudinallyof the battery beneath said i regenerative means and operatively disposedin two sets operable. in alternation for simultaneous separate inflow of fuel gas andair and concurrent outflow of waste gas, said channels running transversely to the coking chambers, connecting channels communicably connecting the regenera- :tivemeans of the series thereof with the longitudinal channels, the openings of the connecting channels from the longitudinal channels of one means of one of the sets thereof substantially only 25 series ofalternate horizontal coking chambers adjacent the two opposite sides of the battery, and the openings of the connecting channels from the longitudinal channelsof the other of the two sets thereof opening into the-regenerative means of the other of the two, sets thereof substantially only adjacent the longitudinal medianlline of the b t -v. a

2. A coking retort oven battery comprising a and heating walls therefor arranged laterally of each other in a row, each of said heating walls comprising heating flues,xregenerators disposed beneath said coking chambers and heating walls and operatively disposed in two "sets operable in alternation for simultaneous separate inflow pre heating of heatinggas and air and concurrent waste gas outflow, the regenerators of one setalternating in position with those of the'other set longitudinally of the battery, said regenerators communicating with the heatingflues and run-p ning parallelfto the coking chambers throughout the-whole length thereof, longitudinal channels extending longitudinallyof the battery beneath saidregeneratorsand operatiyely disposed in two sets. operable in alternation ,for simultaneous separate inflow of 'fue lgasand air and concurrent outflow of'wa'ste gas,a,said channels running transversely to the cokingchambers, connectingchannels communicably connecting the regenerators with the longitudinal channelsythe .open

,ings of the connectingchan'nels' fromvv the longitudinal channelsof one of the sets thereof open ing into the regenerators of oneof the sets thereof substantially only adjacent the two opposite sides of the battery, and'the openings, of the connecting channels-from the longitudinal channels of the other: of the two ,sets thereof opening into the-regeneratorsjof the other of thetwo sets thereof substantially only adjacent the longitudi- 'nal median line of the battery.

3. A; regenerative battery as claimed in claim i and wherein each of the regenerative means com prises apairof regenerator chambers (and toend and separated by upright partition walls at; the

longitudinal middle thereof, and the connecting channels communicably connecting the regener- ,a.tors of said one of said sets thereof with the longitudinal channels of said one of said sets thereof open into the sections of said regenerators l substantially only adjacent the longitudinal sides of the battery,'and, the connecting channels com- I municably: connecting the regenerators of said" aother of the twosets thereof with the longitudinal channels of said otherjofthe two sets thereof' open into the sections of said regenerators substantially only adjacent theflongitudinal median line 'of the battery. i

4. Acoking retort oven battery comprising,a

'series' of alternatefhorizontal coking chambers and heating walls. therefor arrangedlaterally of each'otherin avrow, each of said heating walls comprisingriheating flues; regeneratorsrdisposed beneath -said-coking chambers and' heatin'g walls 1 and, .operatively disposed in two sets voperable in alternation for simultaneous separate inflow preheating of-he'ating gas and air and concurrent waste gas outflow, said regenerators communicatingyvith the heating flues, and regenerators of one set/alternating'in position with those of r the other longitudinally of the battery, there being regenerators of each set throughout the length of the coking chambers, at least six longitudinal channels beneath the regenerators and ex'tendingside-by-side longitudinally of the battery; each four outer-longitudinalchannels being connected to the. regenerators of one of the two sets thereof substantially only adjacent the longi tudi'nalside's'of the battery and two inner longitudinal :channels being connected with regenerandop'eratively disposed in two sets operable in alternation for simultaneous separate inflow preheating of heating gas-and 'air and concurrent waste gas outflow, said regenerators communicating with the'heatingflues, and regenerators of mesa alternating in position-with those'o'f the otherlongitudinally of "the battery, there being 7 'regenerators of each set throughout thelength of the coking'chambers, at least six longitudinal channels beneath thexregenerators and extending side-by-side longitudinally of the battery, each four outer longitudinal channels-being connected to the regenerators of one of the two sets thereof substantially only adjacent the longitudinal sides of the battery and two inner longitudinal chan- --'nels being-connected with regenerators of the other of the two sets' thereof substantially only adjacent the longitudinal median line of the battery, meansadapted infone regenerative period of operation of 'the-regenerators topass heating gas through the outermost of eachof the four outer longitudinal channels and air throughthe others thereof simultaneously and concurrently fiow ofi waste gas through the'afo'resaid two inner longitudinal channels," and said' means being adapted in the next regenerative perio'd of operation of the regenerators to flow off waste gas through each fouraouter longitudinal channels and pass heating, gas and air separately and simultaneously. through the two inner longitudinal channels. a

6. A regenerative cokeoven according to claim "4 having seven 'o'f the longitudinal channels be.- .neath the regenerators, "each four outermost flongitudinal channels being connected to theregenerators of "one-of the two sets thereof as aforesaid and'the three innerchannels being conne'c'ted to the regeneratorsoftheother of the two sets thereof as aforesaid, means adapted in one regenerative period of operation of the regenera- "tors to pass heating gas through the two outer- I -most longitudinal channels, air through the next 'adjacent channels and waste'gas es throughthe three inner channels, and in the other regenerative period of operationof the regenerators to pass waste gases through each four outer longitudinal channels, heating gas through the middle channel and air through the channels lying between the middle channel and the four outer channels.

'7. A regenerative coke oven battery as claimed in claim 4 and in which the longitudinal channels are provided with means for supplying heating gas and air at one end of the oven battery and withdrawing the waste gases from the longitudinal channels at the other end of the battery, and means for bringing the said longitudinal channels into communication with the means for supplying the heating gas and. the air on the one hand and with the waste gas withdrawal means on the other hand in such a manner that in one regenerative period of operation of the regenerators some of the transverse channels may be flowed through by heating gas or air and the others by waste gases.

8. A regenerative coke oven as set forth in claim 5 wherein all the regenerators are arranged in groups of three, the members of each group being side by side along the battery, said regenerators being so connected with the said longitudinal channels that in each regenerative period of operation the regenerators of the groups of one set of regenerators are operable for outflow of waste gases and the outermost of the regenerators of each of the groups of the other set of regenerators are operable for inflow of air and the inner regenerator of the group for heating gas.

WALTER REPPEKUS.

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