US20110271694A1 - Low-loss cryostat configuration - Google Patents

Low-loss cryostat configuration Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110271694A1
US20110271694A1 US13/067,041 US201113067041A US2011271694A1 US 20110271694 A1 US20110271694 A1 US 20110271694A1 US 201113067041 A US201113067041 A US 201113067041A US 2011271694 A1 US2011271694 A1 US 2011271694A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
helium
cryostat
chamber
pump
pressure
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Abandoned
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US13/067,041
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English (en)
Inventor
Marco Strobel
Gerhard Roth
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Bruker Biospin GmbH
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Bruker Biospin GmbH
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Assigned to BRUKER BIOSPIN GMBH reassignment BRUKER BIOSPIN GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ROTH, GERHARD, STROBEL, MARCO
Publication of US20110271694A1 publication Critical patent/US20110271694A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/005—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure
    • F17C13/006—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure for Dewar vessels or cryostats
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/04—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a cryostat configuration, with at least one cryostat, which has at least one first chamber with supercooled liquid helium having a temperature of less than 4 K and at least one further chamber, which contains liquid helium at essentially atmospheric pressure having a temperature of approximately 4.2 K, wherein a Joule-Thomson valve is disposed in the first chamber, the first chamber being separated from the further chamber by a thermally insulating barrier, wherein helium from the first or the further chamber expands through the Joule-Thomson valve into a pump-off pipe, which is in thermal contact with the helium of the first chamber and supercools the latter, and wherein the pump-off pipe is directly or indirectly in thermal contact with the further chamber during its further progression and is then connected to the inlet of a pump.
  • cryostat configuration is known from DE 40 39 365 C2 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,220,800).
  • Magnet systems for magnetic resonance equipment are subject to the highest achievable demands in terms of the magnetic field strengths and homogeneity.
  • the superconducting magnet coils only require energy during the charging phase and produce a high magnetic field in short-circuited operation for a long time after the power supply has been disconnected. Decay times until half the original field strength is reached are around 5000 years for modern superconducting magnets. This means that, in short-circuited operation over a period of hours and days, practically no change occurs in the magnetic field strength.
  • a cryostat that has two concentric helium tanks, one nesting inside the other.
  • a filling pipe for liquid helium leads to the inner tank so that the liquid helium can be moved from the outer to the inner tank.
  • the helium is pumped off down to a pressure of 40 mbar and thus cooled down to a temperature of 2.3 K.
  • a further disadvantage is that no means are provided to lower the helium consumption required to operate this equipment, with the result that both enormous operating costs are incurred and only relatively short intervals between liquid helium refills are achieved, except in cases where it is in any event necessary to constantly fill the equipment with fresh helium during operation.
  • a thermally insulating barrier not only prevents convection between the two chambers but, to a great extent, also heat transfer by thermal conduction from one chamber to the other.
  • the barrier consists of two plates separated by a vacuum and consisting of a poorly thermally conducting material, such as stainless steel or plastic. The vacuum insulation prevents heat exchange between the upper and the lower reservoir.
  • an electric heating element is disposed in the further chamber usually in addition to the thermal insulation.
  • the vacuum is part of the single vacuum part of the cryostat, so that the barrier does not have to be separately evacuated.
  • the electrical supply cables to the magnetic system and the supply cables for liquid helium are routed inside through the conduit passing through the tower or towers.
  • This hollow conduit design results in a dual cryostat that can be used both at 4.2 K under normal pressure and in vacuum operation in the range, for example, from 1.8 K to 2.3 K.
  • the cryostat In both operating modes, the cryostat has low-loss properties because, irrespective of the proportion of the helium flow that is pumped off and evaporates, the total enthalpy in both gas flows is essentially passed to the shield system of the cryostat.
  • the cryostat contains two chambers with helium at two different temperature levels, there are two exhaust gas flows at different pressure levels.
  • One exhaust gas flow arises due to the helium evaporating from the further chamber at atmospheric pressure; the second exhaust gas flow is formed by the helium pumped off through the refrigerator under a pressure of approx. 40 mbar.
  • the two exhaust gas flows have different strengths, and the exhaust gas flow from the further chamber may even cease altogether.
  • the enthalpy contained in the exhaust gas be utilized as-completely as possible.
  • the object of this invention is to lower the helium consumption and therefore the operating costs still further as compared to prior art, while keeping the pressure in the first chamber as constant as possible.
  • the object is inventively achieved by fluidically connecting the outlet of the pump and/or an outlet for evaporating helium of the or of at least one of the cryostats through a cryogen pipe with the further chamber, and providing the cryogen pipe with a branch-off device, which returns a partial current of the helium located in the cryogen pipe into the further chamber.
  • the inventive cryostat configuration leads part of the helium into the first chamber.
  • the helium is re-condensed in the cryogen pipe, which becomes increasingly colder inside the cryostat.
  • the thermal energy of the helium is brought into the further chamber, making a heating element superfluous.
  • the helium for re-condensation can originate from the same cryostat, into which the partial current is to be returned. This would be the case, for example, if only one cryostat were present. However, in a configuration having multiple cryostats, it is conceivable for the evaporated or pumped-off helium of one or more further cryostats to be input into one of the cryostats for re-condensation.
  • One especially preferred embodiment is characterized in that a pressure regulating device is provided, which keeps the pressure in the further chamber constant.
  • a pressure regulating device is provided, which keeps the pressure in the further chamber constant.
  • This could be implemented, for example, using an actively or a passively regulated valve on the cryogen pipe.
  • a constant pressure is indispensable for an even temperature distribution and especially important for highly sensitive NMR measurements.
  • a heating device is provided in the further chamber.
  • the necessary heat input into the further chamber can only be achieved by the helium supplied to the cryostat, embodiments are conceivable in which pressure regulation is achieved by means of the evaporation rate of the helium from the further chamber.
  • the pressure regulating device sets the pressure in the further chamber to a settable target pressure that is greater than or equal to the ambient pressure of the cryostat configuration.
  • the pressure regulating device sets the pressure in the further chamber to a defined positive pressure above atmospheric pressure.
  • cryogen pipe has at least one relief valve and/or at least one bursting disk. This ensures controlled pressure reduction in the event of an unexpected large increase in pressure.
  • cryogen pipe contains a buffer vessel for the provision of an additional volume for the flowing helium.
  • a reserve volume is constituted in case more helium has to be supplied to the cryostat.
  • the buffer volume is also an additional means of keeping the pressure constant.
  • cryogen pipe has at least one filtering device for separating off impurities in the helium.
  • Impurities that enter the first chamber can constitute significant heat input.
  • solids and frozen matter can be deposited, narrowing or even blocking pipes and valves. For that reason, the helium used must be of high purity.
  • the partial flow returned into the further chamber comprises between 20% and 80%, preferably between 25% and 60% of the total helium flow conveyed through the pump.
  • helium is input into the cryogen pipe from at least one further, physically separate cryostat.
  • This embodiment is especially advantageous if multiple cryostats are installed in a place of work, such as a research institute.
  • the evaporating helium from one cryostat can, for example, be input into another cryostat and cooled in the manner described.
  • a preferred embodiment is characterized in that a superconducting magnet coil is disposed in the first chamber.
  • cryostat configuration is part of NMR, MRI, or FTMS equipment.
  • the equipment comprises an ultrahigh-resolution high-field NMR spectrometer with a proton resonance frequency ⁇ 800 MHz.
  • the first chamber and the further chamber can be disposed either one above the other or side by side.
  • FIG. 1 Embodiment of an inventive cryostat configuration with one cryostat with supercooled helium
  • FIG. 2 Embodiment of an inventive cryostat configuration with one cryostat with supercooled helium and a further cryostat with helium, which are interconnected through a cryogen pipe;
  • FIG. 3 Embodiment of an inventive cryostat configuration with one cryostat with supercooled helium and a further cryostat with helium, which are interconnected through a cryogen pipe that leads to a condenser;
  • FIG. 4 Embodiment of an inventive cryostat configuration with multiple cryostats with supercooled helium and multiple further cryostats with helium, which are interconnected through a cryogen pipe;
  • FIG. 5 Embodiment of an inventive cryostat configuration with two cryostats with supercooled helium, which have a shared pump-off pipe, and a further cryostat with helium, wherein a cryostat with supercooled helium and the cryostat with helium are interconnected through a cryogen pipe.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of an inventive cryostat configuration 10 with one cryostat 11 with supercooled helium.
  • the cryostat 11 consists of a first chamber 1 with supercooled helium (temperature ⁇ 4 K) and a further chamber 2 with liquid helium (temperature approx. 4.2 K), that are separated by a thermally insulating barrier 4 .
  • a Joule-Thomson valve 3 is disposed through which the helium can expand from the further chamber 2 into the pump-off pipe 13 , thus supercooling the first chamber 1 .
  • the helium is pumped off from the pump-off pipe 13 by a pump 14 and led to a cryogen pipe 15 .
  • the latter comprises a buffer vessel 18 to provide to the helium an additional volume that can serve as a pressure reserve and/or backflow reserve.
  • a relief valve 6 with a bursting disk 7 prevents an excessive pressure in the cryogen pipe 15 if the pressure regulating device 17 of the branch-off device 16 fails or if the pressure cannot be kept constant for any other reason.
  • a filter 5 is also disposed in the cryogen pipe 15 .
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of an inventive cryostat configuration 20 .
  • the helium of a further cryostat 22 which works with liquid helium (4.2 K) evaporates into a cryogen pipe 25 constituted as a manifold, to which a buffer vessel 28 and a branch-off device 26 with a pressure regulating device 27 are also connected.
  • the helium evaporated from the further cryostat 22 can now partially be input into the first cryostat 21 with supercooled helium, wherein the supercooling is performed by the expansion of helium in the Joule-Thomson valve 3 as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the helium expanded into the pump-off pipe 23 is pumped off by a pump 24 . However, it is not thereby input into the cryogen pipe 25 , rather released into the atmosphere.
  • the helium consumption of the entire cryostat configuration 20 is reduced from around 230 ml/h without helium return to around 170 ml/h.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of an inventive cryostat configuration 30 .
  • the helium of a further cryostat 32 which works with liquid helium (4.2 K) evaporates into a cryogen pipe 35 constituted as a manifold, which leads to an external condenser 39 (not explicitly depicted).
  • a buffer vessel 38 and a branch-off device 36 with a pressure regulating device 37 are also connected to the cryogen pipe 35 .
  • the helium evaporated from the further cryostat 32 can now partially be input into the first cryostat 31 with supercooled helium.
  • the partial flow input into the first cryostat 31 now no longer has to be condensed by the condenser 39 , whereby the latter is offloaded and can be rated for a smaller capacity.
  • the helium expended into the pump-off pipe 33 is pumped off by a pump 34 and released into the atmosphere.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of an inventive cryostat configuration 40 , in which multiple further cryostats 42 are connected to a cryogen pipe 45 constituted as a manifold.
  • a branch-off device 46 with a pressure regulating device 47 regulates the pressure in the cryogen pipe 45 and releases excess helium into the atmosphere.
  • Part of the helium evaporated by the cryostat 42 is now supplied to the first cryostat 41 and condensed therein.
  • the helium of the first cryostat 41 expanded into the pump-off pipe 43 is released into the atmosphere through a pump 44 .
  • the total consumption of such a configuration is thus reduced from approx. 460 ml/h without helium return to a minimum of approx. 340 ml/h.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of an inventive cryostat configuration 50 , in which a further cryostat 52 is connected through a cryogen pipe 55 to a first cryostat 51 .
  • a branch-off device 56 with a pressure regulating device 57 controls the quantity of the helium input into the first cryostat 51 .
  • the first cryostat 51 shares the pump-off pipe 53 with a further cryostat 51 ′, which also works with supercooled helium.
  • a pump 54 pumps the helium of the two cryostats 51 , 51 ′ out of the pump-off pipe 53 into the atmosphere.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
US13/067,041 2010-05-07 2011-05-04 Low-loss cryostat configuration Abandoned US20110271694A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010028750.4 2010-05-07
DE102010028750.4A DE102010028750B4 (de) 2010-05-07 2010-05-07 Verlustarme Kryostatenanordnung

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130186110A1 (en) * 2011-07-14 2013-07-25 Sastry Pamidi Auxiliary Cryogenic Cooling Systems Based on Commercial Cryo-Coolers
WO2016170153A1 (en) * 2015-04-23 2016-10-27 Universidad De Zaragoza Method for cooling cryogenic liquids and system associated to said method
JP2017537296A (ja) * 2014-12-10 2017-12-14 ブルーカー バイオスピン ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツングＢｒｕｋｅｒ ＢｉｏＳｐｉｎ ＧｍｂＨ 少なくとも下層部分において互いに液密に分割された第１のヘリウム槽と第２のヘリウム槽とを有するクライオスタット
US11530862B2 (en) * 2017-10-05 2022-12-20 Liconic Ag Low-temperature storage plant with a nitrogen withdrawal apparatus
WO2023159695A1 (zh) * 2022-02-22 2023-08-31 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 氢燃料补给系统及方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103697647B (zh) * 2012-09-28 2016-01-27 中国科学院物理研究所 一种真空低温恒温器

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US4187689A (en) * 1978-09-13 1980-02-12 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company Apparatus for reliquefying boil-off natural gas from a storage tank
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US20050229609A1 (en) * 2004-04-14 2005-10-20 Oxford Instruments Superconductivity Ltd. Cooling apparatus
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130186110A1 (en) * 2011-07-14 2013-07-25 Sastry Pamidi Auxiliary Cryogenic Cooling Systems Based on Commercial Cryo-Coolers
JP2017537296A (ja) * 2014-12-10 2017-12-14 ブルーカー バイオスピン ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツングＢｒｕｋｅｒ ＢｉｏＳｐｉｎ ＧｍｂＨ 少なくとも下層部分において互いに液密に分割された第１のヘリウム槽と第２のヘリウム槽とを有するクライオスタット
WO2016170153A1 (en) * 2015-04-23 2016-10-27 Universidad De Zaragoza Method for cooling cryogenic liquids and system associated to said method
US11530862B2 (en) * 2017-10-05 2022-12-20 Liconic Ag Low-temperature storage plant with a nitrogen withdrawal apparatus
EP3467408B1 (de) * 2017-10-05 2024-02-21 Liconic AG Verfahren zum betreiben einer tieftemperaturspeicheranlage mit einer stickstoffabzugsvorrichtung in einem gebäude
WO2023159695A1 (zh) * 2022-02-22 2023-08-31 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 氢燃料补给系统及方法

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GB201107479D0 (en) 2011-06-22
DE102010028750B4 (de) 2014-07-03
DE102010028750A1 (de) 2011-11-10
GB2480154A (en) 2011-11-09
GB2480154B (en) 2016-02-17

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Owner name: BRUKER BIOSPIN GMBH, GERMANY

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