US20110248584A1 - Electric Machine - Google Patents

Electric Machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110248584A1
US20110248584A1 US13/084,837 US201113084837A US2011248584A1 US 20110248584 A1 US20110248584 A1 US 20110248584A1 US 201113084837 A US201113084837 A US 201113084837A US 2011248584 A1 US2011248584 A1 US 2011248584A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
electric machine
stator
end windings
machine according
thermally conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/084,837
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jean Le Besnerais
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Le Besnerais, Jean
Publication of US20110248584A1 publication Critical patent/US20110248584A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/24—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors with channels or ducts for cooling medium between the conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
    • H02K9/223—Heat bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric machine comprising a stator having several end windings, a rotor and a cooling means transporting a cooling medium.
  • Electric machines and generators in general are becoming more compact due to competitive pressures. The smaller these machines get, the greater the heat densities they will generate.
  • electric machines are being driven by means of variable speed drive units presenting an additional heat source due to the harmonics supplied by the inverter. When such machines are operated at low speed the cooling performance is further negatively affected. All of these factores lead to a temperature rise in the machine which will greatly effect its performance and life expectancy.
  • the end windings have been either air cooled or directly water cooled by the use of copper strands for instance as described in “Liquid Cooling of Turbine-Generator Armature Windings”, Kilbourne, C. E.; Holley, C. H.
  • the present measures do not provide a satisfying cooling performance of the electric machine in particular regarding the end windings of the stator.
  • cooling means axially projects out of the stator and wherein at least the end windings are encased by a thermally conductive material.
  • the appearance of “hot spots” that is heat accumulation in the region of the end windings is confronted in two different but coactive ways.
  • the given cooling means is axially elongated, i.e. it extends outside the stator, in particular the stator laminate.
  • a thermally conductive material is used to encase the end windings of the stator so as to create a thermal bridge between the end windings and the extended cooling means. Large temperature gradients within the electric machine and in particular regarding the stator are counteracted. It is understood that also other or even all components of the electric machine may be encased by the thermally conductive material.
  • a standard cooling means may also be used to provide proper cooling of the end windings as it is axially extended, whereby heat conveyance from the jeopardized regions of heat accumulation in particular at the end windings is assured by means of the thermally conductive material.
  • the heat from the end windings is directly conducted to the cooling means and the stator stack.
  • the invention offers a constructively simple and cost effective way to obtain improved cooling properties of electric machines.
  • the cooling means is a duct-like pipe.
  • Duct-like pipes are known and widely spread for use as standard cooling means. They are regularly made of copper and offer outstanding thermal properties especially in regard of heat conveyance (cf. ⁇ Cu ⁇ 400 W/mK). Further, copper is a ductile and malleable material which is easily worked. Of course, other thermally conductive materials may be used as well.
  • the duct-like pipe may have a meander-like shape and hence is distributed with a large surface giving rise to good heat exchange within the stator laminate.
  • the cooling means features proper connecting portions like inlets and outlets for connecting with a cooling liquid providing cooling system.
  • the cooling liquid may be deionised water for example.
  • the thermally conductive material may be directly attached to the stator structure. In this manner, a proper heat exchange between the stator and the thermally conductive material is assured as a close contact, that is the thermally conductive material tightly abuts the stator, is provided. Thus, the creation of air holes, air gaps and the like which would worse heat flux is prevented.
  • the thermally conductive material has a thermal conductivity of at least 100 W/mK.
  • the thermally conductive material shows good heat transfer behaviour i.e. is able to conduct or transfer appropriate amounts of heat from where they originate to the cooling means.
  • the thermally conductive material has ⁇ -values of more than 100 W/mK, anyhow exceptions may also be possible, that is ⁇ -values of the thermally conductive material less than 100 W/mK.
  • the thermally conductive material is preferably a foamed material.
  • the invention favourably uses a highly thermally conductive and low density material for encasing the end windings and if need be other parts of the electric machine.
  • Foamed materials are regularly easy to process and can be individually fitted to a wide spectrum of shapes. Further, reworking, finishing and the like are easy to execute as foamed materials may be simply fitted for example by cutting.
  • the foamed material may be shaped or cut with a stator tooth width so as to be readily inserted between the end windings.
  • glues or the like may be used to properly mount the foamed material to the stator. Additionally, a number of shaped foamed material parts may be glued together.
  • the foam may have an integral structure, thus providing good specific mechanical properties.
  • the thermally conductive material may alternatively comprise a thermally conductive resin-like material, if need be having special fillers providing further improved thermal properties in particular concerning heat conveyance.
  • the foamed material favourably has a density in the range of 100-800 kg/m 3 , in particular 300-500 kg/m 3 .
  • Low densities contribute to a reduction of weight and thus support light-weight constructions.
  • other densities are possible as well.
  • Carbon fibre foams having thermal conductivity of 100 W/mK and densities in the range of 400 kg/m 3 are preferably used as thermally conductive foamed material as they show both good thermal properties and low weight.
  • the thermally conductive material may be a metal.
  • Metals in general have relatively high thermal conductivities so they are capable of providing proper heat transfer and thus counteracting large temperature gradients within the electric machine and particularly within the stator.
  • the metal may be in form of a special shaped component or plate having a shape in accordance with the end windings and/or the part of the cooling means extending the stator thereby building a thermal bridge. Additionally or alternatively, the metal may be intermingled with the end windings thereby assuring both proper attachment and good heat conveyance.
  • the metal may be copper or aluminium for example.
  • the end windings are torn in different angular positions.
  • the end windings may successively be torn in 0.45 and 90° so as to increase the space for the cooling means giving rise to an improved cooling efficiency altogether.
  • Other angles may be applicable as well, whereby the premise of providing a maximum of space for the cooling means should be kept in mind.
  • FIG. 1 shows a principle detail view of an electric machine according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a principle detail view of an electric machine according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a principle detail view of an electric machine according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a principle detail view of an electric machine according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a principle detail view of an electric machine according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a principle detail view of an electric machine according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a principle detail view of an electric machine 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, whereby essentially only relevant parts in view of the invention that is the stator 2 comprising a stator laminate 3 or stack and a cooling means in form of a standard duct-like pipe 4 made of copper can be seen.
  • a not shown cooling liquid like deionised water or the like flows through the duct-like pipe 4 , which cooling liquid is supplied by a not shown cooling liquid providing system.
  • the stator 2 comprises three stator windings whereof only the end windings 5 are shown as the remainder of the stator windings is surrounded by the stator laminate 3 .
  • the duct-like pipe 4 is elongated in axially longitudinal direction so that it projects outside the stator 2 .
  • the duct-like pipe 4 further communicates with a distribution chamber 6 .
  • the duct-like pipe 4 is distributed in a meander-like shape throughout the stator 2 , whereby the bends are preferably located at the ends of the stator 2 , i.e. in the region of the end windings 5 .
  • a thermally conductive material in form of a foam 7 encases the end windings 5 of the stator 2 , thereby providing heat flow from the end windings 5 to the duct-like pipe 4 in terms of a thermal bridge avoiding problematic heat accumulation in the region of the end windings 5 .
  • heat losses from the end windings 5 are directly conducted to the stator laminate 3 and the extended duct-like pipe 4 .
  • the foam 7 is carbon fibre foam having a thermal conductivity of ca. 100 W/mK and a density of ca. 400 kg/m3. Air-cooling and/or liquid cooling by the use of separate copper-strands is not necessary.
  • the end windings 5 are torn in 0.45 and 90° so as to establish a maximum space for the foam 7 and the duct-like pipe 4 , whereby the foam 7 is cut with a stator tooth width so as to be readily inserted in the gap between the end windings 5 and the duct-like pipe 4 .
  • the foam 7 is glued to the stator 2 i.e. the stator laminate 3 so that vacancies filled with air may not occur.
  • the foam 7 may be divided in individually shaped foam parts bonded to each other by an adhesive or glue. Mechanically fastening means as screws, bolts, clips, retainers or the like may be alternatively or additionally employed for attaching foamed parts to each other and/or the stator 2 .
  • FIGS. 2-4 show principle detail views of an electric machine 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention depicting different arrangements of the end windings 5 , 5 ′, 5 ′′ for three different phases, the duct-like pipe 4 and the foam 7 .
  • the latter provides a thermal bridge between the end windings 5 , 5 ′, 5 ′′ and the duct-like pipe 4 dissipating excess heat from the end windings 5 , 5 ′, 5 ′′.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show principle detail views of an electric machine 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the essential difference to the above described embodiments is that a metallic plate 8 is used as thermally conductive material instead of the foam 7 .
  • the metallic plate 8 which may be made of aluminium, copper or the like also provides proper heat transfer from the end windings 5 to the duct-like pipe 4 .
  • the attachment of the metallic plate 8 may be accomplished by an adhesive, mechanical fastening means and/or by intermingling with the end windings 5 (cf. FIG. 5 ).
  • the metallic plate 8 comprises bores 9 for accommodating the duct-like pipe 4 .
  • the bores 9 may act as duct-like pipes 4 themselves, whereby a proper connection of the bores 9 and the existing duct-like pipe 4 that is the cooling means of the stator 2 must be assured.
  • both foam 7 and metallic plate 8 may be employed in order to transfer heat from the end windings 5 , 5 ′, 5 ′′ to the duct-like pipe 4 .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
US13/084,837 2010-04-13 2011-04-12 Electric Machine Abandoned US20110248584A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10159792.0 2010-04-13
EP10159792.0A EP2378642B1 (fr) 2010-04-13 2010-04-13 Machine électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20110248584A1 true US20110248584A1 (en) 2011-10-13

Family

ID=42671852

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/084,837 Abandoned US20110248584A1 (en) 2010-04-13 2011-04-12 Electric Machine

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20110248584A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP2378642B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102223021B (fr)
CA (1) CA2736987A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2378642T3 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMI20121301A1 (it) * 2012-07-25 2014-01-26 Wilic Sarl Segmento attivo di una macchina elettrica rotante per aerogeneratore, macchina elettrica rotante, e aerogeneratore
JP2020120543A (ja) * 2019-01-25 2020-08-06 ファナック株式会社 放熱性及び生産性を向上させた電動機及びその製造方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016007278B4 (de) * 2015-06-23 2022-04-28 Mazda Motor Corporation Kühlstruktur eines Elektromotors, Elektromotor und Verfahren zum Kühlen eines Elektromotors
FR3125368A1 (fr) * 2021-07-16 2023-01-20 IFP Energies Nouvelles Machine électrique avec refroidissement des têtes de bobines

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4959570A (en) * 1987-07-09 1990-09-25 Fanuc Ltd. Motor cooling system
US6166461A (en) * 1997-03-10 2000-12-26 Denso Corporation Winding arrangement of alternator for vehicle
US6430935B1 (en) * 2001-08-22 2002-08-13 Ut-Battelle, Llc Personal cooling air filtering device
US6597082B1 (en) * 2000-08-04 2003-07-22 American Superconductor Corporation HTS superconducting rotating machine
US20040032170A1 (en) * 2000-11-21 2004-02-19 Masafumi Tamai Linear motor
US20040145081A1 (en) * 2002-12-26 2004-07-29 Aisin Aw Co., Ltd. Stator core resin molding method, resin molding structure, and mold used for resin molding
US20090256431A1 (en) * 2008-04-10 2009-10-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Stator arrangement, generator and wind turbine

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3109947A (en) * 1959-06-26 1963-11-05 Gen Electric Cooling system for dynamoelectric machines
JPS5972959A (ja) * 1983-08-11 1984-04-25 Toshiba Corp 液体冷却回転電機
JP2823412B2 (ja) * 1992-02-21 1998-11-11 ファナック株式会社 電動機の冷却装置
US5886433A (en) * 1995-09-13 1999-03-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Dynamoelectric machine
JPH0993869A (ja) * 1995-09-28 1997-04-04 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 液冷構造を有する回転機械
DE19749108C5 (de) * 1997-11-06 2004-01-22 Siemens Ag Elektromotor
JP3596514B2 (ja) * 2001-11-08 2004-12-02 日産自動車株式会社 回転電機の冷却構造
JP3901104B2 (ja) * 2003-02-14 2007-04-04 トヨタ自動車株式会社 ステータコイルモジュールおよびその製造方法ならびに回転電機、回転電機の製造方法
JP2005269786A (ja) * 2004-03-19 2005-09-29 Yaskawa Electric Corp 電動機
FR2899398A1 (fr) * 2006-03-29 2007-10-05 Leroy Somer Moteurs Machine electrique tournante

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4959570A (en) * 1987-07-09 1990-09-25 Fanuc Ltd. Motor cooling system
US6166461A (en) * 1997-03-10 2000-12-26 Denso Corporation Winding arrangement of alternator for vehicle
US6597082B1 (en) * 2000-08-04 2003-07-22 American Superconductor Corporation HTS superconducting rotating machine
US20040032170A1 (en) * 2000-11-21 2004-02-19 Masafumi Tamai Linear motor
US6430935B1 (en) * 2001-08-22 2002-08-13 Ut-Battelle, Llc Personal cooling air filtering device
US20040145081A1 (en) * 2002-12-26 2004-07-29 Aisin Aw Co., Ltd. Stator core resin molding method, resin molding structure, and mold used for resin molding
US20090256431A1 (en) * 2008-04-10 2009-10-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Stator arrangement, generator and wind turbine

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMI20121301A1 (it) * 2012-07-25 2014-01-26 Wilic Sarl Segmento attivo di una macchina elettrica rotante per aerogeneratore, macchina elettrica rotante, e aerogeneratore
WO2014016802A3 (fr) * 2012-07-25 2014-03-20 Wilic S.Ar.L. Segment actif d'une machine électrique rotative de turbine éolienne, machine électrique rotative et turbine éolienne
US9698641B2 (en) 2012-07-25 2017-07-04 Windfin B.V. Active segment of a wind turbine rotary electric machine, rotary electric machine, and wind turbine
JP2020120543A (ja) * 2019-01-25 2020-08-06 ファナック株式会社 放熱性及び生産性を向上させた電動機及びその製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2506402A3 (fr) 2012-10-24
EP2378642A1 (fr) 2011-10-19
EP2506402A2 (fr) 2012-10-03
DK2378642T3 (da) 2013-08-26
CN102223021B (zh) 2015-10-28
EP2378642B1 (fr) 2013-07-17
CA2736987A1 (fr) 2011-10-13
CN102223021A (zh) 2011-10-19

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LE BESNERAIS, JEAN;REEL/FRAME:026112/0056

Effective date: 20110224

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION