US20110020062A1 - Vehicle incursion inhibitors - Google Patents
Vehicle incursion inhibitors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20110020062A1 US20110020062A1 US12/892,945 US89294510A US2011020062A1 US 20110020062 A1 US20110020062 A1 US 20110020062A1 US 89294510 A US89294510 A US 89294510A US 2011020062 A1 US2011020062 A1 US 2011020062A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- bed
- systems
- deformable
- grade
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F13/00—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F13/00—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions
- E01F13/12—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions for forcibly arresting or disabling vehicles, e.g. spiked mats
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F13/00—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions
- E01F13/12—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions for forcibly arresting or disabling vehicles, e.g. spiked mats
- E01F13/126—Pitfall barriers, causing the vehicle to face a step-like obstruction
Abstract
Detailed are systems and techniques for protecting structures from vehicular attack. The systems incorporate deformable materials sufficient to disable or otherwise inhibit certain vehicular traffic yet support weights and weight distributions typically associated with pedestrian or other non-threat traffic. Bodies of deformable materials further may include rigid structures or vehicle-immobilization devices.
Description
- This application is based on and hereby refers to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/723,121, filed Oct. 3, 2005, entitled “Collapsible Sidewalk and Similar Assemblies for Facility Protection Against Incursions by Automotive or Other Vehicles,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by this reference.
- This invention relates to systems and techniques for inhibiting vehicle movement in an area of interest and more particularly, but not exclusively, to systems incorporating compressible or other deformable materials that may hamper certain vehicular movement while admitting, for example, pedestrian or other traffic.
- Terrorist targets may include buildings, monuments, or other fixed (or slowly-moving) structures located in urban or suburban areas. Because of their static locations in, typically, well-paved places, these fixed structures may be particularly susceptible to attacks by automobiles, trucks, buses, or other land-based vehicles. Vehicular traffic indeed is common on roadways adjacent to many of these fixed structures; should a threat vehicle exit a roadway and approach an unprotected fixed structure rapidly, it conceivably could impact the structure, or come sufficiently close to the structure to damage it via detonation of on-board explosives, before countermanding action may occur.
- Accordingly, various systems have been designed to protect fixed structures from land-based vehicular attack. Guard posts with moveable barriers (“check points”) constitute one mechanism for deterring threat vehicles, for example. Other mechanisms include bollards (or other posts) positioned either in a roadway or between a roadway and an object to be protected. Existing bollards may either be embedded in the ground or in a suitable foundation or elevated from a storage position underground to a raised, above-ground position. The former bollards are frequently referred to as “passive” devices, as their positions are fixed, while the latter bollards—and other moveable barriers—are denoted “active” ones.
- Another fixed-object protective system is disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006/0018711 of Rogers, et al., published after the filing date of the provisional application to which this application claims priority. Detailed in the Rogers publication is a four-part vehicle barrier system. In a first part, roadway surfaces and traffic patterns are devised to reduce maximum travel speeds of moving vehicles. Thereafter, vehicles exiting legitimate roadways must traverse a “first impact element” (typically a curb), a deformable bed, and a “second impact element” (such as a wall) before transiting to the protected structure. In combination, these elements are intended to arrest forward motion of the vehicle.
- Identified in the Rogers publication as constituting the deformable bed is compressible cellular concrete of Engineered Arresting Systems Corporation (ESCO), the assignee of this application. See Rogers ¶ 0038. Among patents issued to ESCO's predecessor-in-interest is U.S. Pat. No. 5,789,681 to Angley, et al., which describes utilizing beds of cellular concrete to decelerate vehicles including landing fixed-wing aircraft past ends of runways. Because weights and speeds of landing aircraft are high relative to those of land-based vehicles, arresting beds must be of substantial strength to slow the aircraft without damaging it. As noted in the Angley '681 patent, cellular concrete may be formulated to have adequate strength for this purpose.
- Also described in the Angley '681 patent are apparatus and methods of determining compressive gradient strength (CGS) of arresting materials. For purposes of arresting runaway aircraft, materials having CGS of approximately 60/80 or 80/100 usually are used. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,885,025 to Angley, et al., col. 4,11. 5-10. However, such materials may not deform adequately to arrest vehicles of lesser weights.
- Accordingly, ESCO developed cellular concrete of lower CGS for land-based vehicle arresting purposes. Further, because the four-part system of the Rogers publication is impractical in some situations, alternatives to these systems need be devised. Such alternative systems beneficially may inhibit vehicle incursions without need of the first and second impact elements of the Rogers publication, although either or both elements may be included if desired.
- The present invention provides these sorts of alternative protection systems. Incorporated into the systems are deformable materials sufficient to disable certain vehicular traffic yet support weights and weight distributions typically associated with pedestrian or other non-threat traffic. The materials may comprise any deformable substance suitable to accomplish this objective, with presently-preferred materials including either or both of low-CGS cellular concrete and foamed glass. Hollow shapes of ceramic or glass additionally may form or be incorporated into the deformable materials.
- Consistent with the present invention, deformable materials may be positioned above, at, or below grade. Examples of above-grade positioning include ramps and steps, while below-grade positioning may, for example, be in the form of beds within pits. Plastics or other water-impervious or -inhibiting materials may be coated onto or laminated or otherwise attached or bonded to the deformable materials to limit or prevent egress of moisture. Otherwise exposed surfaces of the deformable materials may be covered by cobblestones, pavers, dirt, or other landscaping supplies, with the coverings functioning (at least in certain circumstances) to distribute loads over different areas. Such coverings additionally may be selected to improve aesthetic appeal of the systems, as they tend to mask (disguise) the presence of the deformable materials. In any event, the coverings are not intended to support the weight of a threat vehicle, although combinations of coverings and deformable materials preferably support expected pedestrian loads.
- Bodies of deformable materials of the invention—whether located above, at, or below grade—further may include either or both of rigid (i.e. generally non-deformable) structures or vehicle-immobilization devices. In one embodiment of the invention, tire-shredding devices are incorporated into a below-grade bed of deformable material. Not only do these devices decelerate vehicles by increasing frictional (drag) forces to which the vehicles are subjected, they also both lower vehicle heights relative to grade (by decreasing air pressure within the tires) and change the point-load characteristics of vehicles within the bed. This latter result further distinguishes vehicle load profiles from those of average pedestrian traffic, enhancing ability of the innovative systems to be optimized for their primary purposes.
- Other versions of the invention alternatively or additionally utilize anchored cables with vehicle grabbing hooks. An exemplary version of this type may operate conceptually similar to anchor and tailhook systems employed to arrest airplanes landing on, for example, aircraft carriers, although land-based vehicles likely will themselves lack tailhooks. Accordingly, vehicle-grabbing hooks of the invention systems will be positioned in conjunction with the deformable materials.
- Versions of deformable materials containing cellular concrete may (but need not necessarily) have wet density of 10-25 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) and preferably (although again not necessarily) have CGS less than 60. If desired, the concrete may be formed in blocks, with an array of blocks comprising the overall threat-inhibiting system. Regardless of composition, the deformable materials preferably remain deformed following contact with threat vehicles; otherwise, they might not function adequately to arrest or disable the vehicles.
- Systems of the present invention alternatively may comprise pits or other areas that are generally hollow (i.e. lacking any bed of deformable material). These areas, denominated “air moats,” typically may (but need not necessarily) include one or more vehicle-immobilization devices masked by a covering. Should a threat vehicle encounter such an area, it will break through the covering into the hollow portion and engage the vehicle-immobilization devices.
- It is an optional, non-exclusive object of the present invention to provide systems and techniques for disabling certain vehicular traffic while not inhibiting pedestrian or certain other non-threat traffic.
- It is also an optional, non-exclusive object of the present invention to provide systems and techniques for positioning deformable materials above, at, or below grade.
- It is another optional, non-exclusive object of the present invention to provide systems and techniques for inhibiting vehicle incursions utilizing cellular concrete or foamed glass as compressible material.
- It is a further optional, non-exclusive object of the present invention to provide systems and techniques for covering deformable materials so as to mask the presence of such materials and, in some cases, redistributing loads.
- It is an additional optional, non-exclusive object of the present invention to provide systems and techniques for inhibiting vehicle incursions by incorporating immobilization devices into the deformable materials.
- Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in appropriate fields by reference to the remaining text and drawings of this application.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary block of deformable material. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a first alternative block of deformable material into which hollow forms have been incorporated. -
FIG. 3A is a top plan view of a bed of deformable material into which at least one vehicle immobilization device has been incorporated.] -
FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along lines A-A ofFIG. 3A . -
FIG. 4 illustrates a bed of deformable material, indicating an exemplary travel path of a threat vehicle within the bed. -
FIG. 1 depictsexemplary block 10 of the present invention. As shown, block 10 may comprisematerial 14 together withexterior layer 18.Material 14 may be or include any substance suitable for arresting (or at least inhibiting) movement of certain vehicles while supporting weight of and permitting transit of pedestrians.Material 14 preferably is collapsible, or otherwise permanently deformable, under weight of vehicles that could be used to attack buildings, monuments, or other fixed or relatively immobile structures. In some preferred versions of the invention,material 14 comprises cellular concrete having CGS less than sixty and wet density between 10-25 pcf. Alternatively or additionally,material 14 may comprise foamed glass. -
Block 10 may have any dimensions appropriate for its intended purposes. An exemplary version ofblock 10 has length and width of forty-eight inches and depth of twenty-six inches. Other examples ofblock 10 may have depths between 15-36 inches and, like the version ofFIG. 1 , need not have identical lengths and widths. -
Exterior layer 18 may be coated, applied, bonded, laminated, mechanically connected, or otherwise attached tomaterial 14. Some versions ofblock 10 include as exterior layer 18 a plastic coating surrounding all sides ofblock 10. Such plastic (or similar) coating is intended to be water-impervious or -inhibiting so as to impede moisture ingress intomaterial 14.Exterior layer 18 also may serve to channel water or other liquids to edges of ablock 10 for drainage or to protect joints betweenadjacent blocks 10.Layer 18 further may function as a base for any loose material additionally coveringblock 10. - Multiple blocks 10 may be installed in an array to form arresting bed 22 (
FIG. 4 ). Depicted inFIG. 4 isbed 22 extending below grade (i.e. below roadway R), having been fitted into pit P dug into the ground G or otherwise formed in a foundation. If desired, pit P may be bounded with solid matter on its bottom, top, or sides. Becauseblocks 10 are pre-formed, such solid matter is not needed to retainmaterial 14 from spreading; instead, the solid matter would be used as another barrier to protect against moisture entering intomaterial 14. - Alternatively or additionally,
bed 22 may be positioned above grade. For example,bed 22 may comprise a series of steps leading to or from an object.Bed 22 may instead comprise a ramp, bridge, or other transit-facilitating structure. - For
blocks 10 ofbed 22 positioned at or above grade, otherwise exposedsurfaces 26 may be subject to some sort oftreatment 30. In these instances,treatment 30 may comprise any or all of cobblestones, pavers, dirt, or other landscaping supplies laid atopsurfaces 26 and which, if desired, may be pleasing aesthetically to pedestrians. However,treatment 30 may have functional attributes as well, as it serves both to mask or disguise the existence of material 14 (thereby avoiding informing terrorists of the presence of bed 22) and, at least in some circumstances, to redistribute loads to which blocks 10 ofbed 22 otherwise would be exposed. Indeed, appropriate selection oftreatments 30 for aparticular bed 22 may facilitate differentiating pedestrian and threat loads to whichbed 22 may be subjected, allowing CGS and other characteristics ofmaterial 14 to be optimized for theparticular bed 22. -
FIG. 4 illustrates, somewhat schematically, a threat vehicle V—in the form of a truck—exiting roadway R toward bed 22 (covered by treatment 30). As vehicle V loadsbed 22,treatment 30 andmaterial 14 will begin collapsing (or otherwise deforming), increasing drag on and thereby inhibiting continued movement of thevehicle V. Arrow 34 generally indicates the path of vehicle V inbed 22; atremote end 38 ofbed 22, vehicle V will be sufficiently below grade and travelling sufficiently slowly as to be unable to return to grade. Hence, the multiple “impact elements” of the Rogers publication are not required to be used in connection with the present invention, nor are any special traffic patterns or roadway surfaces needed. - Certain preferred versions of
bed 22 comprise blocks 10 of generally uniform depth and generally uniform CGS. The majority ofblocks 10 preferably are shaped as rectangular solids. However, some or all ofblocks 10 need not be so shaped, depending on the shape or type of area in which they are to be placed. Likewise, blocks 10 in an array need not have uniform depth, nor need they have uniform CGS. (As an example, blocks 10adjacent entry end 39 ofbed 22 may have lesser CGS thanblocks 10 adjacentremote end 38; this configuration lowers vehicle V quickly intobed 22 and then slows its speed.) Weights ofindividual blocks 10 within abed 22 preferably are within thirty percent of the average weight for allblocks 10 within thebed 22. -
FIG. 2 details a firstalternate block 40 of the present invention.Block 40 may be similar to block 10 in many respects. However, incorporated intoblock 40 are one or morediscrete items 44.Items 44 may be hollow and preferably are crushable so as to assistmaterial 14 in arresting movement of vehicle V. Non-limiting examples ofitems 44 include hollow shapes of ceramic or glass. - Illustrated in
FIGS. 3A-B isbed 22 into which vehicle-immobilization devices 48 have been placed. As depicted,devices 48 comprise sharp objects intended to puncture (inflated) tires ofvehicle V. Devices 48 need not be formed as shown inFIGS. 3A-B , however; instead, they may comprise one or more of any mechanism designed to reduce mobility of a threatvehicle entering bed 22. - The foregoing is provided for purposes of illustrating, explaining, and describing embodiments of the present invention. Modifications and adaptations to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art and may be made without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. The contents of the Rogers publication, the Angley '681 patent, and the Angley '025 patent are incorporated herein in their entireties by this reference.
Claims (6)
1.-15. (canceled)
16. A system for inhibiting movement of a land-based vehicle in an area traversed by pedestrians comprising an above-grade region comprising deformable material formed as steps or a ramp and configured to (i) deform substantially under weight of the vehicle and (ii) not deform substantially under weight of anticipated loads of pedestrians traversing the area, the deformable material comprising at least one of cellular concrete or foamed glass.
17. A system according to claim 16 further comprising at least one vehicle-immobilization device.
18. A system for inhibiting movement of a land-based vehicle in an area traversed by pedestrians, comprising:
a. below-grade region comprising a hollow area; and
b. a covering positioned over at least a portion of the below-grade region and configured to fail when subjected to weight of the vehicle to an extent sufficient to prevent movement of the vehicle beyond the below-grade region.
19. A system according to claim 18 further comprising at least one vehicle-immobilization device positioned in the hollow area.
20. A system according to claim 19 in which the vehicle-immobilization device is selected from the group consisting of tire-puncturing devices and cable-and-hook assemblies.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/892,945 US20110020062A1 (en) | 2005-10-03 | 2010-09-29 | Vehicle incursion inhibitors |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US72312105P | 2005-10-03 | 2005-10-03 | |
US11/542,446 US7837409B2 (en) | 2005-10-03 | 2006-10-03 | Vehicle incursion inhibitors |
US12/892,945 US20110020062A1 (en) | 2005-10-03 | 2010-09-29 | Vehicle incursion inhibitors |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/542,446 Division US7837409B2 (en) | 2005-10-03 | 2006-10-03 | Vehicle incursion inhibitors |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20110020062A1 true US20110020062A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
Family
ID=37715969
Family Applications (2)
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US12/892,945 Abandoned US20110020062A1 (en) | 2005-10-03 | 2010-09-29 | Vehicle incursion inhibitors |
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US11/542,446 Expired - Fee Related US7837409B2 (en) | 2005-10-03 | 2006-10-03 | Vehicle incursion inhibitors |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US7837409B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1943388B1 (en) |
JP (3) | JP5300481B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101389684B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006299419B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2624396A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1943388T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2541773T3 (en) |
IL (3) | IL190564A (en) |
NO (1) | NO340074B1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ567575A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007041625A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100259361A1 (en) * | 2009-04-11 | 2010-10-14 | Al Shahrani Hmoud Sayaf | Security gates device |
WO2013077945A1 (en) | 2011-11-23 | 2013-05-30 | Engineered Arresting Systems Corporation | Vehicle catch systems and methods |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU2006299419B2 (en) * | 2005-10-03 | 2012-03-08 | Engineered Arresting Systems Corporation | Vehicle incursion inhibitors |
US10435177B2 (en) | 2006-02-17 | 2019-10-08 | Earthstone International Llc | Foamed glass composite arrestor beds having predetermined failure modes |
US7794172B2 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2010-09-14 | Gregory Robert Winkler | Perimeter anti-ram system |
GB2476944B (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2012-04-11 | Norsk Glassgjenvinning As | Vehicle arresting bed |
SG182410A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 | 2012-08-30 | Engineered Arresting Sys Corp | Celluar phosphate ceramics and methods of manufacture and use |
US20190194888A1 (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2019-06-27 | Pogotec Inc. | Vehicle Disablement System |
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- 2006-10-03 JP JP2008534649A patent/JP5300481B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US7214000B2 (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2007-05-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | On-grade barrier and method of its use |
US7121760B1 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2006-10-17 | Curry Jr Joseph Edward | Method and apparatus for deflating tires of a trailing vehicle |
US20070077118A1 (en) * | 2005-10-03 | 2007-04-05 | Mahal Peter T | Vehicle incursion inhibitors |
US7837409B2 (en) * | 2005-10-03 | 2010-11-23 | Engineered Arresting Systems Corporation | Vehicle incursion inhibitors |
Cited By (4)
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US20100259361A1 (en) * | 2009-04-11 | 2010-10-14 | Al Shahrani Hmoud Sayaf | Security gates device |
US8525698B2 (en) * | 2009-04-11 | 2013-09-03 | Hmoud Sayaf AL SHAHRANI | Security gates device |
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US9677234B2 (en) | 2011-11-23 | 2017-06-13 | Engineered Arresting Systems Corporation | Vehicle catch systems and methods |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1943388B1 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
US7837409B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 |
NZ567575A (en) | 2011-03-31 |
AU2006299419A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
JP2012229611A (en) | 2012-11-22 |
US20070077118A1 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
IL190564A (en) | 2012-03-29 |
IL213840A0 (en) | 2011-07-31 |
WO2007041625A3 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
NO20082038L (en) | 2008-07-02 |
WO2007041625A2 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
KR101389684B1 (en) | 2014-04-28 |
IL190564A0 (en) | 2008-11-03 |
ES2541773T3 (en) | 2015-07-24 |
IL213840A (en) | 2015-08-31 |
IL213841A0 (en) | 2011-07-31 |
JP5635039B2 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
CA2624396A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
JP5300481B2 (en) | 2013-09-25 |
EP1943388A2 (en) | 2008-07-16 |
NO340074B1 (en) | 2017-03-06 |
AU2006299419B2 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
JP2012229610A (en) | 2012-11-22 |
KR20080067336A (en) | 2008-07-18 |
JP2009510297A (en) | 2009-03-12 |
DK1943388T3 (en) | 2015-06-22 |
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