US20110011552A1

US20110011552A1 - Method and apparatus for making magnesium-based alloy

Info

Publication number: US20110011552A1
Application number: US12/892,408
Authority: US
Inventors: Kam-Shau Chan; Cheng-Shi Chen; Li-Qing Zhang; Wen-Zhen Li
Original assignee: Tsinghua University; Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
Current assignee: Tsinghua University; Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
Priority date: 2007-08-31
Filing date: 2010-09-28
Publication date: 2011-01-20
Also published as: US20090056499A1; CN101376932A; US7824461B2; CN101376932B

Abstract

An apparatus for fabricating the magnesium-based alloy includes a transferring device, a thixomolding machine, and an electromagnetic stirring device. The transferring device includes a feed inlet. The thixomolding machine includes a heating barrel having a first end and a second end, a nozzle disposed at the first end. The electromagnetic stirring device includes an electromagnetic induction coil disposed on an outer wall of the heating barrel.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims all benefits accruing under 35 U.S.C. §119 from China Patent Application No. 200710076771.9, filed on Aug. 31, 2007 in the China Intellectual Property Office. This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/200,324, filed on Aug. 28, 2008, entitled, “METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING MAGNESIUM-BASED ALLOY”.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to methods and apparatuses for fabricating alloys and, particularly, to a method and an apparatus for fabricating a magnesium-based alloy.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Nowadays, alloys have been developed for special applications. Among these alloys, the magnesium alloy has some good properties, such as good wear resistance, and high elastic modulus. However, the toughness and the strength of the magnesium alloy are not able to meet the increasing needs of the automotive and aerospace industries.
To address the above-described problems, magnesium-based alloys have been developed. In a magnesium-based alloy, nanoscale reinforcements (e.g. carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers) are added to the magnesium metal or alloy. The conventional methods for making the magnesium-based alloy are by thixo-molding and die-casting. However, in die-casting, the magnesium metal or magnesium alloy tend to be easily oxidized. In thixo-molding, the nanoscale reinforcements are added to melted metal or alloy, causing the nanoscale reinforcements to have tendency to aggregate. Therefore, the nanoscale reinforcements can't be uniformly dispersed therein.
What is needed, therefore, is to provide a method and an apparatus for fabricating a magnesium-based alloy, in which nanoscale reinforcements can be uniformly dispersed in the magnesium-based alloy, and the magnesium-based alloy has good toughness and high strength.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Many aspects of the present method for fabricating a magnesium-based alloy can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, the emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present method for fabricating magnesium-based alloy.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-view of an apparatus for fabricating a magnesium-based alloy, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2. is a flow chart of a method for fabricating a magnesium-based alloy, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The exemplifications set out herein illustrate at least one embodiment of the present method for fabricating the magnesium-based alloy, in at least one form, and such exemplifications are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made to the drawings to describe, in detail, embodiments of the method and the apparatus for fabricating the magnesium-based alloy.
Referring to FIG. 1, an apparatus 100 for fabricating a magnesium-based alloy 8 includes a transferring device 3, a thixomolding machine 4, an electromagnetic stirring device 6, and an injection molding machine 7 arranged in alignment in that order. The transferring device 3 includes a feed inlet 31 with a conveyer portion 32 (i.e., a material input device) connected thereto. The feed inlet 31 includes a first feed inlet 311 and a second feed inlet 312 connected to the first feed inlet 311. The thixomolding machine 4 includes a heating barrel 44 and a nozzle 45. The heating barrel 44 has two ends opposite to each other. The nozzle 45 is disposed at a first end thereof. The conveyer portion 32 is positioned at a second end thereof. Further, the thixomolding machine 4 can also include a heating portion 41 disposed around an outer wall of the heating barrel 44, a plunger 42 (i.e., stirrer) disposed in a center of the heating barrel 44, and a one-way valve 43 positioned on the plunger 42. The one-way valve 43 enable the material in the heating barrel 44 moving along one direction. The electromagnetic stirring device 6 includes an electromagnetic induction coil 61 and a power source (not shown). The electromagnetic induction coil 61 is disposed on the outer wall of the first end of the heating barrel 44. The injection molding machine 7 includes a die 71 connected to the nozzle 45.
Referring to FIG. 2, a method for fabricating the magnesium-based alloy 8 includes the steps of: (a) mixing a number of carbon nanotubes 2 with a number of magnesium particles 1; (b) heating the mixture in a protective gas to achieve a semi-solid-state paste 5; (c) stirring the semi-solid-state paste 5 using an electromagnetic stirring force to disperse the carbon nanotubes 2 into the paste 5; (d) injecting the semi-solid-state paste 5 into a die 71; and (e) cooling the semi-solid-state paste 5 to achieve a magnesium-based alloy 8.
In step (a), The magnesium particles 1 are made of magnesium metal or magnesium alloy. The magnesium alloy includes magnesium and other elements selected from a group comprising of zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), thorium (Th), lithium (Li), silver, calcium (Ca), and any combination thereof. A mass ratio of the magnesium metal to the other elements can be more than 4:1.
The carbon nanotubes 2 can be selected from a group comprising of single-wall carbon nanotubes, double-wall carbon nanotubes, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, and combinations thereof. A diameter of the carbon nanotubes 2 can be in the approximate range from 1 to 150 nanometers. A length of the carbon nanotubes 2 can be in the approximate range from 1 to 10 microns, the diameter thereof is about 20-30 nanometers, and the length thereof is about 3-4 microns. A mass ratio of the carbon nanotubes 2 to the magnesium particles 1 can be in the approximate range from 1:50 to 1:200.
In the present embodiment, a number of carbon nanotubes 2 and a number of magnesium particles 1 are provided via the first feed inlet 311 and the second feed inlet 312 respectively, which enter the conveyer portion 32, forming a mixture of the magnesium particles 1 and the carbon nanotubes 2. The magnesium particles 1 are pure magnesium metal. The carbon nanotubes 2 are single-wall carbon nanotubes. The mass ratio of the carbon nanotubes 2 to the magnesium particles 1 is about 1:100.
In step (b), the mixture of the carbon nanotubes 2 and the magnesium particles 1 is heated in the heating barrel 44. The heating barrel 44 is kept at a pre-determined temperature. The pre-determined temperature can be in the approximate range from 550° C. to 750° C. The heating barrel 44 is filled with a protective gas. The protective gas can be nitrogen (N₂) or a noble gas. The plunger 42 mixes the carbon nanotubes 2 with the magnesium particles 1, achieving an initial dispersion of the carbon nanotubes 2 into the semi-solid-state paste 5.
In the present embodiment, the mixture is heated in the heating portion 41 disposed around the outer wall of the heating barrel 44 to a semi-solid-state paste 5. The heating temperature is at about 700° C. The semi-solid-state paste 5 can be disposed in the heating barrel 41 and driven to the electromagnetic stirring device 6 by the plunger 42. The one-way valve 43 enable the semi-solid-state paste 5 moving along one direction. Further, the heating barrel 41 is full of a protective gas therein. In this embodiment, the protective gas is argon (Ar₂).
In step (c), the electromagnetic stirring force is imparted by an electromagnetic stirring device 6. Power of the electromagnetic stirring device 6 can be in the approximate range from 0.2 to 15 kilowatts. A frequency of the electromagnetic stirring device 6 can be in the approximate range from 5 to 30 hertz. A speed of the electromagnetic stirring device 6 can be in the approximate range from 500 to 3000 rpm.
In detail, an alternating magnetic field (either single phase or multiphase) is applied through a conductor (not shown), to the semi-solid-state paste 5, and hence a Lorentz force distribution is achieved. This Lorentz force can be generally rotational, and the semi-solid-state paste 5 is set in motion. Thus the magnetic field acts as a nonintrusive stirring device and it can, in principle, be engineered to provide any desired pattern of stirring. Stirring may also be adjusted by the interaction of a steady current distribution driven through the associated magnetic field. When the field frequency is high, the Lorentz force is confined to a thin electromagnetic boundary layer, and the net effect of the magnetic field is to induce either a tangential velocity or a tangential stress just inside the boundary layer. The intensity of the electromagnetic stirring force is adjusted by a power of the electromagnetic stirring device 6. The speed of the electromagnetic stirring force is adjusted by a frequency of the electromagnetic stirring device 6. Stirring the semi-solid-state paste 5 by the electromagnetic stirring force, and thereby uniformly dispersing the carbon nanotubes 2 into the paste 5, and achieving the dispersion and saturation of the carbon nanotubes 2 into the paste 5.
In the present embodiment, the semi-solid-state paste 5 is electromagnetically stirred to disperse the carbon nanotubes 2 in the semi-solid-state paste 5. Dispersion and saturation of the carbon nanotubes 2 therein is achieved. In the electromagnetic stirring step, the semi-solid-state paste 5 is stirred by using electromagnetic force, avoiding flotage of the carbon nanotubes 2 on the semi-solid-state paste 5. Accordingly, the carbon nanotubes 2 can be distributed throughout the semi-solid-state paste 5. As such, the dispersion uniformity of the carbon nanotubes 2 in the magnesium-based alloy 8 can, thus, be improved.
In step (d), the semi-solid-state paste 5 can, advantageously, be injected into a die 71. After being cooled, the semi-solid-state paste 5 is cured to form the solid magnesium-based alloy 8. Then, the magnesium-based alloy 8 can be removed from the molds.
In the present embodiment, in step (d), at an elevated temperature, the semi-solid-state paste 5 is driven to the nozzle 45 by the electromagnetic stirring force, and can be injected into a cavum 72, of the die 71 to form a magnesium-based alloy 8. The shape of the magnesium-based alloy 8 is determined by the shape of the die 71. The achieved magnesium-based alloy 8 is strong, tough, and has a high density, and can be widely used in a variety of fields such as the automotive and aerospace industries.
Finally, it is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate rather than limit the invention. Variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention as claimed. The above-described embodiments illustrate the scope of the invention but do not restrict the scope of the invention.
It is also to be understood that above description and the claims drawn to a method may include some indication in reference to certain steps. However, the indication used is only to be viewed for identification purposes and not as a suggestion as to an order for the steps.

Claims

1. An apparatus for fabricating a magnesium-based alloy, comprising:

a transferring device comprising a feed inlet and a material input device connected to the feed inlet;

a thixomolding machine comprising a heating barrel having a first end and a second end, and a nozzle disposed at the first end; and

an electromagnetic stirring device comprising an electromagnetic induction coil disposed on an outer wall of the heating barrel.

2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed inlet comprises a first feed inlet and a second feed inlet connected to the first feed inlet.

3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thixomolding machine further comprises a heating portion disposed around an outer wall of the heating barrel, a plunger disposed in a center of the heating barrel, and a one-way valve positioned on the plunger.

4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the electromagnetic induction coil is disposed on the outer wall of the heating portion.

5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a power of the electromagnetic stirring device is in a range from about 0.2 kilowatts to about 15 kilowatts, a frequency of the electromagnetic stirring device is in a range from about 5 hertz to about 30 hertz, and a speed of the electromagnetic stirring device is in a range from about 500 revolutions to about 3000 revolutions per minute.

6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an injection molding machine comprising a die connected to the nozzle.

7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material input device is positioned at the second end.

8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first feed inlet receives carbon nanotubes and the second feed inlet receives magnesium particles, and the heating barrel heats the carbon nanotubes and magnesium particles to a semi-solid paste.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating barrel is filled with a protective gas.