CN109321794B - Al2Ca particle and carbon nano tube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Al2Ca particle and carbon nano tube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1005—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1005—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives
- C22C1/101—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives by coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
- C22C1/1047—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, in particular to Al2The Ca particle and carbon nano tube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5-20 wt.% of micron-scale Al2Ca particles of 1-5 wt.% of submicron Al2Ca particles, 0.5-3 wt% of carbon nano tubes plated with nickel on the surface, 11-25 wt% of Li, and the balance of Mg, wherein the total amount of impurity elements Si, Fe, Cu and Ni is less than 0.02 wt%. The preparation method comprises micron/submicron scale Al2Ca particle pretreatment, carbon nanotube pretreatment and smelting. The magnesium-lithium-based composite material obtained by taking the beta-Li single-phase ultra-light magnesium-lithium alloy as a matrix and selecting the reinforcing phase with lower density still has excellent light weight advantage; micron/submicron scale Al2The Ca particles and the carbon nano tubes are used as reinforcing phases, different functions of reinforcing phases with different types and sizes are exerted, the synergistic reinforcing effect is realized by utilizing the hybrid reinforcement, and the reinforcing effect is far superior to that of the traditional single-type single-size reinforcing phase reinforced magnesium-lithium-based composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, relates to a magnesium-lithium based composite material and a preparation method thereof, and particularly relates to Al2Ca particles and carbon nano tubes are mixed to reinforce the ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material.
Background
The weight reduction requirement of the modern aerospace field on an aircraft structure is no longer 'weighing jack is relatively', but 'gram is relatively'. Therefore, the development of new ultra-light metal structural materials is very important. The magnesium-lithium alloy is an alloy material with magnesium and lithium as main constituent elements, and the density of the lithium is only 0.534g/cm3Magnesium-lithium alloys are by far the lightest density metallic structural materials. According to the difference of lithium content, the density of the magnesium-lithium alloy is 1.25-1.65 g/cm3The alloy is not only much lower than steel, titanium alloy and aluminum alloy, but also has obvious advantages compared with common magnesium alloy (the density of the common magnesium alloy is about 1.8 g/cm)3)。
According to a magnesium-lithium binary phase diagram, when the lithium content is less than 5.7 wt.%, the alloy has an alpha-Mg single-phase structure with a close-packed hexagonal structure; when the lithium content is between 5.7 and 10.3 wt.%, the magnesium-lithium alloy is an alpha-Mg + beta-Li dual-phase structure; when the lithium content exceeds 10.3 wt.%, the alloy is a body-centered cubic structure of β -Li single phase structure. Because the crystal structure of the magnesium alloy is changed by adding the lithium, the processing deformability of the magnesium-lithium alloy is greatly improved compared with that of the common magnesium alloy. Besides, the magnesium-lithium alloy also has high specific strength, high specific rigidity, excellent shock absorption performance, excellent thermal conductivity, electromagnetic shielding and high-energy particle penetration resistance, and still has good plasticity at low temperature. The strength of the magnesium-lithium binary alloy is very low, and the magnesium-lithium binary alloy hardly has engineering application value. Al, Zn and Cd have good strengthening effect in the magnesium-lithium alloy, but the alloy has poor structure and performance stability and is easy to generate over-aging phenomenon at room temperature or slightly higher than the room temperature. In the research of the magnesium-lithium based composite material, the addition amount and the strengthening effect of the reinforcing phase are both limited to a certain extent when the reinforcing phase with a single type and a single size is adopted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide Al2Ca particles and carbon nano tubes are mixed to reinforce the ultralight magnesium-lithium based composite material and a preparation method thereof. By adding micron/submicron scale Al into the matrix of the ultralight magnesium-lithium alloy2The Ca particles and the carbon nano tubes greatly improve the strength of the magnesium-lithium based composite material on the premise of not obviously improving the alloy density, and ensure good plasticity.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
al (aluminum)2Ca particles and carbon nano tubes are mixed to reinforce the ultralight magnesium lithium base composite material, beta-Li single-phase ultralight magnesium lithium alloy is taken as a matrix, and micron/submicron scale Al is taken2Ca particles and carbon nanotubes are used as reinforcing phases and comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 5 to 20 wt.% of micronDimension Al2Ca particles of 1-5 wt.% of submicron Al2Ca particles, 0.5-3 wt% of carbon nano tubes plated with nickel on the surface, 11-25 wt% of Li, and the balance of Mg, wherein the total amount of impurity elements Si, Fe, Cu and Ni is less than 0.02 wt%.
Al according to the invention2Ca particles and carbon nano tubes are mixed to reinforce the ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material, wherein, the micrometer scale Al2The particle size of the Ca particles is 5-30 μm.
Al according to the invention2Ca particles and carbon nano tubes are mixed to reinforce the ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material, wherein, the submicron scale Al2The particle size of the Ca particles is 0.01 to 5 μm.
Al according to the invention2Ca particles and carbon nano tubes are mixed to reinforce the ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material, wherein the carbon nano tubes are single-wall or multi-wall carbon nano tubes.
Al according to the invention2Ca particles and carbon nano tubes are mixed to reinforce the ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material, wherein the length-diameter ratio of the carbon nano tubes is more than 20.
Al according to any of the present invention2The preparation method of the Ca particle and carbon nanotube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material comprises the following steps:
in the first step, Al with micron/submicron scale is added2Mixing Ca particles with magnesium powder, ball-milling the mixture in a planetary ball mill to obtain composite powder, and prepressing the composite powder obtained by the ball mill to obtain a prebuckled block;
secondly, carrying out surface nickel plating on the carbon nano tube by adopting a chemical plating method to obtain a nickel-plated carbon nano tube; and collecting the nickel-plated carbon nano tube, cleaning and drying.
Thirdly, according to the component requirements of the composite material matrix, deducting the magnesium powder added in the first step, calculating the proportion of the residual elements and smelting; after the matrix alloy is melted, the pre-pressing block and the nickel-plated carbon nano tube are respectively added into the melt, the melting and the casting forming are continued, and finally the Al is obtained2Ca particles and carbon nano tubes are mixed to reinforce the ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material.
Wherein, in the step one, Al2Mass of Ca particles and magnesium powderThe amount ratio is 1: 4-4: 1.
Wherein, in the first step, the pre-pressing pressure is 10-40 MPa, and the time is 1-10 min.
In the third step, induction melting in a sealed inert atmosphere is adopted for melting, and electromagnetic stirring and additional mechanical stirring which are carried by the induction melting are applied in the melting process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the beta-Li single-phase ultra-light magnesium-lithium alloy is used as a matrix, and the reinforcing phase with lower density is selected, so that the obtained magnesium-lithium based composite material still has excellent light weight advantage;
(2) the invention adds micron/submicron scale Al at the same time2The Ca particles and the carbon nano tubes are used as reinforcing phases, different functions of reinforcing phases with different types and sizes are exerted, the effect of synergistic reinforcement is realized by utilizing hybrid reinforcement, and the reinforcing effect is far superior to that of the traditional single-type single-size reinforcing phase reinforced magnesium-lithium-based composite material;
(3) the invention adds micron/submicron scale Al at the same time2The Ca particles and the carbon nano tubes are used as reinforcing phases, and a good reinforcing effect is obtained by adding a small amount of the Ca particles and the carbon nano tubes simultaneously, so that the conditions of reinforcing phase agglomeration and reinforcing effect weakening caused by adding a large amount of single reinforcing phase are avoided;
(4) the invention is realized by mixing micron/submicron scale Al2The Ca particles are mixed with the magnesium powder, so that micron/submicron scale Al in the magnesium-lithium based composite material is improved2The bonding condition of the Ca particles to the matrix contributes to obtaining an interface with high bonding strength;
(5) according to the invention, the surface of the carbon nano tube is plated with nickel, so that the carbon nano tube is prevented from losing effectiveness due to reaction with lithium in the magnesium-lithium alloy matrix, and an interface with high bonding strength is obtained through the reaction of the nickel and magnesium in the magnesium-lithium alloy matrix.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Al (aluminum)2The Ca particle and carbon nanotube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5 wt% of micron-scale Al2Ca particles, 1 wt% of submicron-sized Al2Ca particles, 0.5 wt% of nickel-plated carbon nano-tubes on the surface, 11 wt% of Li and the balance of Mg, wherein the total amount of impurity elements of Si, Fe, Cu and Ni is less than 0.02 wt%. Micron-scale Al2The particle size of the Ca particles is 5-30 μm. Submicron scale Al2The particle size of the Ca particles is 0.01 to 5 μm. The carbon nano tube is a single-wall or multi-wall carbon nano tube, and the length-diameter ratio is more than 20.
The Al2The preparation method of the Ca particle and carbon nanotube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material comprises the following steps:
in the first step, Al with micron/submicron scale is added2Mixing the Ca particles with magnesium powder, and ball-milling in a planetary ball mill after mixing to obtain composite powder. Wherein, Al2The mass ratio of the Ca particles to the magnesium powder is 1: 4. And prepressing the composite powder obtained by ball milling to obtain a prebaked block. The pre-pressing pressure is 10MPa, and the time is 1 min.
And secondly, carrying out surface nickel plating on the carbon nano tube by adopting a chemical plating method to obtain the nickel-plated carbon nano tube. And collecting the nickel-plated carbon nano tube, cleaning and drying.
And thirdly, deducting the magnesium powder added in the first step according to the component requirements of the composite material matrix, calculating the proportion of the residual elements and smelting. After the matrix alloy is melted, the pre-pressing block and the nickel-plated carbon nano tube are respectively added into the melt, the melting and the casting forming are continued, and finally the Al is obtained2Ca particles and carbon nano tubes are mixed to reinforce the ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material. Wherein the smelting adopts induction smelting in a sealed inert atmosphere, and electromagnetic stirring and additional mechanical stirring of the induction smelting are applied in the smelting process.
Detected, the Al2Ca particles andthe room-temperature mechanical properties of the carbon nanotube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium-lithium based composite material are as follows: the yield strength is 151MPa, the tensile strength is 194MPa, and the elongation is 16%. Compared with the matrix, the yield strength and the tensile strength are respectively improved by more than 82 percent and 63 percent. The density of the material is only 1.45g/cm3And the reduction is about 17 percent compared with the common magnesium alloy.
Example 2
Al (aluminum)2The Ca particle and carbon nanotube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10 wt% of micron-scale Al2Ca particles, 3 wt% of submicron-sized Al2Ca particles, 1 wt% of nickel-plated carbon nano-tubes on the surface, 16 wt% of Li and the balance of Mg, wherein the total amount of impurity elements of Si, Fe, Cu and Ni is less than 0.02 wt%. Micron-scale Al2The particle size of the Ca particles is 5-30 μm. Submicron scale Al2The particle size of the Ca particles is 0.01 to 5 μm. The carbon nano tube is a single-wall or multi-wall carbon nano tube, and the length-diameter ratio is more than 20.
The Al2The preparation method of the Ca particle and carbon nanotube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material comprises the following steps:
in the first step, Al with micron/submicron scale is added2Mixing the Ca particles with magnesium powder, and ball-milling in a planetary ball mill after mixing to obtain composite powder. Wherein, Al2The mass ratio of the Ca particles to the magnesium powder is 1: 1. And prepressing the composite powder obtained by ball milling to obtain a prebaked block. The pre-pressing pressure is 20MPa, and the time is 5 min.
And secondly, carrying out surface nickel plating on the carbon nano tube by adopting a chemical plating method to obtain the nickel-plated carbon nano tube. And collecting the nickel-plated carbon nano tube, cleaning and drying.
And thirdly, deducting the magnesium powder added in the first step according to the component requirements of the composite material matrix, calculating the proportion of the residual elements and smelting. After the matrix alloy is melted, the pre-pressing block and the nickel-plated carbon nano tube are respectively added into the melt, the melting and the casting forming are continued, and finally the Al is obtained2Ca particles and carbon nano tubes are mixed to reinforce the ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material. Wherein the smelting adopts induction smelting in sealed inert atmosphere, and the electricity carried by the induction smelting is applied in the smelting processMagnetic stirring and additional mechanical stirring.
Detected, the Al2The room-temperature mechanical properties of the Ca particle and carbon nanotube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium-lithium based composite material are as follows: the yield strength is 221MPa, the tensile strength is 304MPa, and the elongation is 8%. Compared with the matrix, the yield strength and the tensile strength are respectively improved by more than 200 percent and 176 percent. The density of the material is only 1.41g/cm3And the reduction is about 19 percent compared with the common magnesium alloy.
Example 3
Al (aluminum)2The Ca particle and carbon nanotube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20 wt% of micron-scale Al2Ca particles, 5 wt% of submicron-sized Al2Ca particles, 3 wt% of nickel-plated carbon nano tubes on the surface, 25 wt% of Li and the balance of Mg, wherein the total amount of impurity elements of Si, Fe, Cu and Ni is less than 0.02 wt%. Micron-scale Al2The particle size of the Ca particles is 5-30 μm. Submicron scale Al2The particle size of the Ca particles is 0.01 to 5 μm. The carbon nano tube is a single-wall or multi-wall carbon nano tube, and the length-diameter ratio is more than 20.
The Al2The preparation method of the Ca particle and carbon nanotube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material comprises the following steps:
in the first step, Al with micron/submicron scale is added2Mixing the Ca particles with magnesium powder, and ball-milling in a planetary ball mill after mixing to obtain composite powder. Wherein, Al2The mass ratio of the Ca particles to the magnesium powder is 4: 1. And prepressing the composite powder obtained by ball milling to obtain a prebaked block. The pre-pressing pressure is 40MPa, and the time is 10 min.
And secondly, carrying out surface nickel plating on the carbon nano tube by adopting a chemical plating method to obtain the nickel-plated carbon nano tube. And collecting the nickel-plated carbon nano tube, cleaning and drying.
And thirdly, deducting the magnesium powder added in the first step according to the component requirements of the composite material matrix, calculating the proportion of the residual elements and smelting. After the matrix alloy is melted, the pre-pressing block and the nickel-plated carbon nano tube are respectively added into the melt, the melting and the casting forming are continued, and finally the Al is obtained2Ca particle and carbon nano tube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium lithium base compositeA material. Wherein the smelting adopts induction smelting in a sealed inert atmosphere, and electromagnetic stirring and additional mechanical stirring of the induction smelting are applied in the smelting process.
Detected, the Al2The room-temperature mechanical properties of the Ca particle and carbon nanotube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium-lithium based composite material are as follows: the yield strength is 245MPa, the tensile strength is 298MPa, and the elongation is 4%. Compared with the matrix, the yield strength and the tensile strength are respectively improved by more than 300 percent and 210 percent. The density of the material is only 1.31g/cm3And the reduction is about 25 percent compared with the common magnesium alloy.
In order to highlight the beneficial effects of the present invention, the following comparative example experiment was also performed.
Comparative example
Three kinds of Al were prepared by the same method as the present invention2The Ca particles and the carbon nano tubes are mixed to reinforce the ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material, and the components are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 three Al's in the comparative example2Ca particle and carbon nano tube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium lithium base composite material component
Through detection, three kinds of Al2The room temperature mechanical properties of the Ca particles and carbon nanotubes hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Al in comparative examples2Ca particle and carbon nano tube hybrid reinforced mechanical property of ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material
Yield strength | Tensile strength | Elongation percentage | |
1# | 93MPa | 119MPa | 17% |
2# | 123MPa | 168MPa | 22% |
3# | 81MPa | 110MPa | 5% |
In comparison with example 1, it was found that the comparative example No. 1 material only adds 5 wt.% of micrometer-scale Al2Ca particles, the strengthening effect is not obvious; the 2# material is only added with 0.5 wt.% of nickel-plated carbon nano tube, and the strengthening effect is not obvious; 3# Material due to the excess addition of 8 wt.% nanoscale Al2Ca particles cause serious agglomeration of the reinforcing phase, so that the mechanical properties of the material are obviously deteriorated.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. Al (aluminum)2The Ca particle and carbon nano tube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material is characterized in that: takes beta-Li single-phase ultra-light magnesium-lithium alloy as a matrix and takes a micron/submicron scale Al2The Ca particles and the carbon nanotubes are used as reinforcing phases and specifically comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 5-20 wt.% of micron-scale Al2Ca particles of 1-5 wt.% of submicron Al2Ca particles, 0.5-3 wt% of carbon nanotubes plated with nickel on the surface, 11-25 wt% of Li and the balance of Mg, wherein the total amount of impurity elements Si, Fe, Cu and Ni is less than 0.02 wt%; the carbon nano tube is a single-wall or multi-wall carbon nano tube; the length-diameter ratio of the carbon nano tube is more than 20; micron-scale Al2The particle size of Ca particles is 5-30 mu m; submicron scale Al2The particle size of the Ca particles is 0.01 to 5 μm.
2. The Al of claim 12The preparation method of the Ca particle and carbon nanotube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the first step, Al with micron/submicron scale is added2Mixing Ca particles with magnesium powder, ball-milling the mixture in a planetary ball mill to obtain composite powder, and prepressing the composite powder obtained by the ball mill to obtain a prebuckled block;
secondly, carrying out surface nickel plating on the carbon nano tube by adopting a chemical plating method to obtain a nickel-plated carbon nano tube; collecting the nickel-plated carbon nano tube, cleaning and drying;
thirdly, according to the component requirements of the composite material matrix, deducting the magnesium powder added in the first step, calculating the proportion of the residual elements and smelting; after the matrix alloy is melted, the pre-pressing block and the nickel-plated carbon nano tube are respectively added into the melt, the melting and the casting forming are continued, and finally the Al is obtained2Ca particles and carbon nano tubes are mixed to reinforce the ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material.
3. Al according to claim 22The preparation method of the Ca particle and carbon nano tube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the first step, Al2The mass ratio of the Ca particles to the magnesium powder is 1: 4-4: 1.
4. Al according to claim 22Ca particle and carbon nano tube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium lithium baseThe preparation method of the composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the first step, the pre-pressing pressure is 10-40 MPa, and the time is 1-10 min.
5. Al according to claim 22The preparation method of the Ca particle and carbon nano tube hybrid reinforced ultralight magnesium lithium-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the third step, the smelting adopts induction smelting in a sealed inert atmosphere, and electromagnetic stirring and additional mechanical stirring of the induction smelting are applied in the smelting process.
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DE68909544D1 (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1993-11-04 | Pechiney Electrometallurgie | HIGH-STRENGTH MAGNESIUM ALLOYS AND METHOD FOR OBTAINING THIS ALLOYS USING RASCHER SOLIDIFICATION. |
EP0414620A1 (en) * | 1989-08-24 | 1991-02-27 | PECHINEY RECHERCHE (Groupement d'Intérêt Economique régi par l'Ordonnance du 23 Septembre 1967) Immeuble Balzac | Method for making magnesium alloys by spray coating |
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