CN110218913B - Aluminum-based composite material with excellent high-temperature deformation capacity and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-based composite material with excellent high-temperature deformation capacity and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110218913B CN110218913B CN201910589036.0A CN201910589036A CN110218913B CN 110218913 B CN110218913 B CN 110218913B CN 201910589036 A CN201910589036 A CN 201910589036A CN 110218913 B CN110218913 B CN 110218913B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
- C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
- B22F2003/208—Warm or hot extruding
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum-based composite materials, and discloses an aluminum-based composite material with excellent high-temperature deformability and a preparation method thereof. The composite material is prepared from 2-20% of reinforcing particles and 80-98% of aluminum alloy by volume fraction; the reinforced particles are nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particles; the reinforcing particles are Ti-Cu-Zr alloy. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the composite material. The nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared by the invention has high room temperature strength, high specific strength, excellent high-temperature deformation capacity and very good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum-based composite materials, and particularly relates to a nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material with excellent high-temperature deformability and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite has excellent performances such as high specific strength, high wear resistance, good size stability and the like, and has wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, military, electronics and the like. Ceramic particles such as Al having high strength, high modulus of elasticity and high wear resistance2O3SiC and B4C, etc. are the most common reinforcement particles. However, the ceramic particles have high density, high hardness, high brittleness, easy agglomeration and easy chemical reaction with the matrix to form a brittle interface, which leads to serious deterioration of the hot working performance of the aluminum matrix composite material, and greatly limits the engineering application of the aluminum matrix composite material. The low high-temperature deformation resistance can lead the product to be labor-saving and energy-saving in processing, the equipment processing capability requirement to be lower, and the whole part with a complex shape can be easily formed, and the problem of difficult welding of the aluminum matrix composite material can be avoided. Therefore, how to improve the high-temperature deformation capability of the aluminum matrix composite is the key for promoting the large-scale application of the aluminum matrix composite.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the strength of the aluminum-based composite material and solve the technical problem that the aluminum-based composite material is difficult to heat process, the invention aims to provide a nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material with excellent high-temperature deformability and a preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with excellent high-temperature deformability is prepared from 2-20% of reinforced particles and 80-98% of aluminum alloy in volume fraction.
The reinforcing particles are nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particles.
The aluminum alloy is preferably one or more of a 7xxx series aluminum alloy and/or a 2xxx series aluminum alloy.
The reinforcing particles are preferably a Ti-Cu-Zr alloy having a microstructure of 10 to 90 vol.% of a nanocrystalline phase and 10 to 90 vol.% of an amorphous phase; wherein, when the amorphous phase is 50 vol.% or more, the composite material has better high-temperature deformability. The diameter of the nano crystal in the reinforced particle is 2-15nm, and the particle size of the reinforced particle is less than 20 μm.
Preferably, the reinforcing particulate component is Ti45Cu45Zr5Ni5(ii) a The nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particles are prepared by ball milling, and specifically comprise the following steps: according to Ti45Cu45Zr5Ni5The corresponding pure metal powder is weighed according to the stoichiometric ratio, and is subjected to mechanical alloying on a planetary ball mill to prepare nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particles (powder with the particle size of less than 20 mu m is obtained through sieving and filtering). Preferably, the powder mixing time is 5 hours, the ball-material ratio is 15:1, the ball milling rotation speed is 200rpm, the ball milling time is 5 hours to 100 hours, the amorphous phase in the nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particles increases along with the increase of the ball milling time, and the nanocrystalline phase decreases along with the increase of the ball milling time.
The preparation method of the nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with excellent high-temperature deformability comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing powder: carrying out ball milling on 2-20% of reinforcing particles and 80-98% of aluminum alloy powder by volume fraction to obtain composite material powder; the ball milling time is 10-30 h;
(2) hot extrusion of the composite material powder sheath: and (2) carrying out hot extrusion on the composite material powder obtained in the step (1) to obtain the nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material. The hot extrusion means that powder is filled into an extrusion sleeve and then is filled into a preheating die of hot extrusion equipment for extrusion. Conditions of hot extrusion: the extrusion temperature is 300-550 ℃, the heating rate is 30-150 ℃/min, the extrusion time is 1-20 min, and the extrusion pressure is 50-200 MPa.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the reinforcement is nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particles, has the advantages of high strength, good wettability and the like, and improves the room temperature strength of the composite material; meanwhile, the characteristic that the viscosity of the amorphous phase is low in the supercooled liquid phase region is utilized, the high-temperature deformability of the composite material is improved, and the nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material has excellent high-temperature deformability; the proportion of the nanocrystalline amorphous biphase can be regulated and controlled by the ball milling time in the ball milling process and the temperature in the hot extrusion process.
The preparation method and the obtained composite material have the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the nano-crystalline amorphous dual-phase particles adopted by the invention can not only improve the room temperature strength of the composite material, but also improve the high-temperature deformation capability of the composite material, are beneficial to hot processing and temperature deformation, and break through the bottleneck that the traditional aluminum-based composite material is difficult to deform at high temperature.
(2) The nano-crystalline amorphous dual-phase particles adopted by the invention contain nano-crystalline phases, so that the nano-crystalline amorphous dual-phase particles are compatible with the nano-crystalline behavior of the amorphous phases.
(3) The nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material prepared by the invention has high room temperature strength, high specific strength and excellent high-temperature deformation capability, basically meets the application requirement of being used as a light-weight structural material, and has wide popularization and application prospects in the fields of aerospace, transportation, military industry and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared in example 1; a and b respectively represent different magnification graphs;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the true stress-true strain curves of the nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase grain-reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared in examples 1 and 2 and pure 7075 aluminum alloy when compressed at 250 ℃; 7075Al + 2% reinforcement for example 1, 7075Al + 6% reinforcement for example 2, 7075Al for pure 7075 aluminum alloy;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the true stress-true strain curves of the nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase grain-reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared in examples 1 and 2 and pure 7075 aluminum alloy when compressed at 400 ℃; 7075Al + 2% reinforcement for example 1, 7075Al + 6% reinforcement for example 2, 7075Al for pure 7075 aluminum alloy;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the true stress-true strain curves of the nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase grain-reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared in examples 1 and 2 and pure 7075 aluminum alloy when compressed at 450 ℃; 7075Al + 2% reinforcement corresponds to example 1, 7075Al + 6% reinforcement corresponds to example 2, and 7075Al corresponds to pure 7075 aluminum alloy.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The composition of the nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particles in the examples was Ti45Cu45Zr5Ni5(ii) a The nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particles are prepared by ball milling, and specifically comprise the following steps: according to Ti45Cu45Zr5Ni5Weighing corresponding pure metal powder according to the stoichiometric ratio, carrying out mechanical alloying on the pure metal powder on a planetary ball mill, sieving the powder, filtering to obtain powder with the particle size of less than 20 microns, and preparing the nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particles. Preferably, the powder mixing time is 5 hours, the ball-material ratio is 15:1, the ball milling rotation speed is 200rpm, the ball milling time is 5 hours to 100 hours, the amorphous phase in the nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particles increases along with the increase of the ball milling time, and the nanocrystalline phase decreases along with the increase of the ball milling time.
Example 1
(1) Mixing powder: filling the reinforcing particles with the volume fraction of 2% and the aluminum alloy powder (7075 aluminum alloy) with the volume fraction of 98% into a ball milling tank, and carrying out ball milling on the mixture for 20 hours (the ball milling speed is 200rpm) in a ball mill to obtain composite material powder;
(2) hot extrusion of the composite material powder sheath: and (2) filling the composite material powder obtained in the step (1) into an extrusion sleeve, filling the composite material powder into a preheating die of hot extrusion equipment, wherein the extrusion temperature is 350 ℃, the heating rate is 100 ℃/min, the extrusion time is-5 min, and the extrusion pressure is-100 MPa, so that the bulk nano-crystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material is obtained. Wherein the reinforcing particles comprise about 20 vol.% of a nanocrystalline phase and about 80 vol.% of an amorphous phase. Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared in example 1.
The strain rate is 1 multiplied by 10 in the compression deformation process at room temperature-3s-1When the aluminum alloy is used, the yield strength and the compressive strength of the composite material are respectively 520MPa and 596MPa, and are respectively improved by 40MPa and 43MPa compared with 480MPa and 553MPa of pure 7075Al aluminum alloy under the same condition. The strain rate during high temperature compression deformation is 1X 10-3s-1And when the hot compression temperature is 250 ℃, 400 ℃ and 450 ℃, the deformation resistance of the composite material is 257MPa, 54MPa and 36MPa respectively, and compared with 272MPa, 62MPa and 43MPa of pure 7075Al aluminum alloy, the deformation resistance is reduced by 5.5%, 13.0% and 16.3% respectively. The true stress-true strain curves obtained by high temperature compression of the composite material of this example are shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4.
Example 2
(1) Mixing powder: filling 6% of reinforcing particles and 94% of aluminum alloy powder in volume fraction into a ball milling tank, and carrying out ball milling on the reinforcing particles and the 94% of aluminum alloy powder for 20 hours (the ball milling speed is 200rpm) in a ball mill to obtain composite material powder;
(2) hot extrusion of the composite material powder sheath: and (2) filling the composite material powder obtained in the step (1) into an extrusion sleeve, filling the composite material powder into a preheating die of hot extrusion equipment, wherein the extrusion temperature is 350 ℃, the heating rate is 100 ℃/min, the extrusion time is-5 min, and the extrusion pressure is-100 MPa, so that the bulk nano-crystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material is obtained. Wherein the reinforcing particles comprise about 25 vol.% of a nanocrystalline phase and about 75 vol.% of an amorphous phase.
The strain rate is 1 multiplied by 10 in the compression deformation process at room temperature-3s-1Of composite materialsThe yield strength and the compressive strength are 557MPa and 618MPa respectively, and are respectively improved by 77MPa and 65MPa compared with the pure 7075Al alloy under the same condition. The strain rate during high temperature compression deformation is 1X 10-3s-1And when the hot compression temperature is 250 ℃, 400 ℃ and 450 ℃, the deformation resistance of the composite material is 214MPa, 38MPa and 30MPa respectively, and is reduced by 21.3 percent, 38.7 percent and 30.2 percent respectively compared with the deformation resistance of a pure 7075Al aluminum alloy. The true stress-true strain curves obtained by high temperature compression of the composite material of this example are shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4.
Example 3
(1) Mixing powder: filling 17% of nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particles and 83% of aluminum alloy powder into a ball milling tank, and carrying out ball milling on the mixture for 20 hours (the ball milling speed is 200rpm) in a ball mill to obtain composite material powder;
(2) hot extrusion of the composite material powder sheath: and (2) filling the composite material powder obtained in the step (1) into an extrusion sleeve, filling the composite material powder into a preheating die of hot extrusion equipment, wherein the extrusion temperature is 350 ℃, the heating rate is 100 ℃/min, the extrusion time is-5 min, and the extrusion pressure is-100 MPa, so that the bulk nano-crystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material is obtained. Wherein the reinforcing particles comprise about 30 vol.% of a nanocrystalline phase and about 70 vol.% of an amorphous phase.
The strain rate is 1 multiplied by 10 in the compression deformation process at room temperature-3s-1When the composite material is used, the yield strength and the compressive strength of the composite material are respectively 902MPa and 953MPa, and compared with pure 7075Al aluminum alloy under the same condition, the yield strength and the compressive strength of the composite material are respectively improved by 422MPa and 400 MPa. The strain rate during high temperature compression deformation is 1X 10-3s-1And when the hot compression temperature is 250 ℃, 400 ℃ and 450 ℃, the deformation resistance of the composite material is 180MPa, 29MPa and 25MPa respectively, and compared with the deformation resistance of a pure 7075Al aluminum alloy, the deformation resistance is reduced by 34 percent, 23 percent and 15 percent respectively.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with excellent high-temperature deformability is characterized in that: the material is prepared from 2-20% of reinforcing particles and 80-98% of aluminum alloy in volume fraction;
the reinforced particles are nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particles;
the reinforced particles are Ti-Cu-Zr alloy;
the microstructure of the enhanced particles is 10-50 vol.% of nanocrystalline phase and 50-90 vol.% of amorphous phase, the diameter of the nanocrystalline is 2-15nm, and the particle size of the enhanced particles is less than 20 mu m;
the reinforcing particles have a composition of Ti45Cu45Zr5Ni5Wherein 45: 45: 5: and 5 represents the mass ratio.
2. The method for preparing the nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with excellent high-temperature deformability as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing powder: carrying out ball milling on 2-20% of reinforcing particles and 80-98% of aluminum alloy powder by volume fraction to obtain composite material powder;
(2) hot extrusion of the composite material powder sheath: and (2) carrying out hot extrusion on the composite material powder obtained in the step (1) to obtain the nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
3. The method for preparing the nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with excellent high-temperature deformability as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the ball milling time is 10-30 h.
4. The method for preparing the nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with excellent high-temperature deformability as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the conditions of the hot extrusion are as follows: the extrusion temperature is 300-550 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the nanocrystalline amorphous dual-phase particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with excellent high-temperature deformability as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the hot extrusion conditions further comprise: the heating rate is 30-150 ℃/min, the extrusion time is 1-20 min, and the extrusion pressure is 50-200 MPa.
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| CN115612880B (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2023-07-21 | 上海交通大学 | Nano amorphous alloy particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115961251B (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-08-08 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | Titanium alloy part with nano diphase structure coating and preparation method thereof |
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