US20100303668A1 - Fusible alloy for pressure relief devices - Google Patents

Fusible alloy for pressure relief devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100303668A1
US20100303668A1 US12/445,822 US44582209A US2010303668A1 US 20100303668 A1 US20100303668 A1 US 20100303668A1 US 44582209 A US44582209 A US 44582209A US 2010303668 A1 US2010303668 A1 US 2010303668A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
alloy
prd
fusible alloy
alloys
fusible
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US12/445,822
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English (en)
Inventor
Kwang Ho Lee
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YOUNGDO IND CO Ltd
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YOUNGDO IND CO Ltd
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Assigned to Youngdo Ind. Co., Ltd. reassignment Youngdo Ind. Co., Ltd. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LEE, KWANG HO
Publication of US20100303668A1 publication Critical patent/US20100303668A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C11/00—Alloys based on lead
    • C22C11/08—Alloys based on lead with antimony or bismuth as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/04—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing tin or lead
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C11/00—Alloys based on lead
    • C22C11/08—Alloys based on lead with antimony or bismuth as the next major constituent
    • C22C11/10—Alloys based on lead with antimony or bismuth as the next major constituent with tin
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/36—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves actuated in consequence of extraneous circumstances, e.g. shock, change of position
    • F16K17/38—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves actuated in consequence of extraneous circumstances, e.g. shock, change of position of excessive temperature
    • F16K17/383—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves actuated in consequence of extraneous circumstances, e.g. shock, change of position of excessive temperature the valve comprising fusible, softening or meltable elements, e.g. used as link, blocking element, seal, closure plug

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fusible alloy for pressure relief devices (PRDs), and more particularly, to a fusible alloy for PRD, which is appropriate for use according to the 110° C.-grade standards and has excellent wettability upon melting.
  • PRDs pressure relief devices
  • Pressure relief devices are safety devices attached to gas cylinder valves in automobiles and the like, which devices play the role of preventing gas explosion by rapidly discharging gases inside the cylinder to the outside when the temperature of the ambient environment rises abnormally to above a specific temperature, such as at the time of fire.
  • a conceptually ideal PRD is expected to completely cut off the outflow of gases up to a specific temperature, and when the specific temperature is reached, to discharge the entire amount of the gases within a short time.
  • the European standards stipulate a use of alloys having a melting point acceptable for the 110° C.-grade (110 ⁇ 10° C.), to provide against safety accidents involving gas explosions.
  • FIG. 1 shows photographs showing the wetting angles of the fusible alloy for PRD according to the present invention and of a conventional fusible alloy for PRD, as measured in a wettability test.
  • FIG. 2 shows scanning electron microscopic (SEM) photographs of exemplary reinforcement materials used in the preparation of the fusible alloy according to the present invention.
  • a quaternary fusible alloy for PRD comprising 29.0 to 33.0% by weight of bismuth (Bi), 14.0 to 21.0% by weight of tin (Sn), 2.0 to 5.0% by weight of indium (In), and substantially lead (Pb) for the balance.
  • the present invention chooses to use a quaternary alloy because the low-melting point alloying elements, namely, Pb, Bi, Sn and In, themselves have low melting points, and also because when these elements form a polynary alloy, the alloy may have a eutectic point, thus it being possible to render the melting point of the alloy even lower.
  • the low-melting point alloying elements namely, Pb, Bi, Sn and In
  • the alloy may have a eutectic point, thus it being possible to render the melting point of the alloy even lower.
  • a Pb—Sn alloy which is a representative solder material
  • an alloy of Pb with 61.9% of Sn has a melting point of 183° C. at the eutectic point. Based on this tendency, the melting point of an alloy can be further lowered by increasing the number of alloying elements to systems of ternary, quaternary and the like.
  • thermodynamic calculations were used as the basis of the primary alloy designs for appropriate composition ratios of the alloying elements.
  • the melting points of ternary, quaternary and quinary alloys of various compositions were predicted based on the calculations using thermodynamic data.
  • a quaternary system of Bi—Sn—In—Pb that was considered to be an optimum was selected to constitute the alloy of the present invention, and the composition was determined to fall within a specific range through actual experimentation.
  • the composition ratios of the alloy-constituting elements were determined to be 29.0 to 33.0% by weight for Bi, 14.0 to 21.0% by weight for Sn, 2.0 to 5.0% by weight of In, and substantially Pb for the balance. If the respective component elements are contained in the alloy of the invention in amounts beyond the above-described composition ranges, the melting point (in particular, the melting start point) may be lowered to below 100° C., thus causing the alloy to melt at a temperature below the critical temperature; or the melting point may be raised to above 120° C., thus inhibiting efficient discharge of gases at an appropriate temperature and subsequent prevention of safety accident such as gas explosion. Then, such alloys are deprived of the function as the 110° C.-grade fusible alloys for PRD, and are undesirable.
  • the properties that are necessary for an alloy to be used as a fusible alloy for PRD include melting point, wettability, PRD durability, and the like.
  • the alloys having the compositions according to the present invention were all found to have melting points that exceed 100° C., thus satisfying the European standards relating to the 110° C.-grade fusible alloys for PRD.
  • the alloys of Comparative Examples all had melting start points of 99.4° C. or lower, and were found to be undesirable since melting of the alloys would start at a temperature lower than the minimum required temperature (in the case of the 110° C.-grade, the allowed temperature range is 110 ⁇ 10° C., and thus, 100° C. is the minimum required temperature).
  • the fusible alloy In order for a fusible alloy to form strong bonding to the internal walls of a PRD and the interior reinforcement materials, the fusible alloy should have excellent wettability.
  • a wettability test is performed by melting alloys of the same weight and measuring the area occupied by the alloy, or by inspecting the cross-section of a specimen that has been melted and quenched, and measuring the wetting angle. A smaller wetting angle means better wettability.
  • FIG. 1( a ) in the upper photograph shows a conventional Bi—Cd—Sn ternary alloy
  • FIG. 1( b ) in the lower photograph shows a Pb—Bi—Sn—In quaternary alloy (Example 4) according to the present invention.
  • the wetting angle of the Bi—Cd—Sn ternary alloy was measured to be 52.78°, while the wetting angle of the Pb—Bi—Sn—In quaternary alloy of the present invention was measured to 47.25°. Thus, the wetting angle of the alloy of the present invention was confirmed to be smaller.
  • a PRD employing a composite material is formed by filling the interior of the PRD body with a fusible alloy mixed with the reinforcement materials as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the reinforcement materials used in the present invention were stainless steel spheres having a diameter of about 600 mm ( FIG. 2( a )) and stainless steel cylinders having a length of about 900 mm ( FIG. 2( b )), which were used in a mixture.
  • the experimental results indicate that when the reinforcement materials were mixed at a ratio of about 50:50, the durability was found to be optimum.
  • PRDs were produced using the quaternary fusible alloys according to the present invention, and a durability test was performed. According to the test conditions stipulated by the ISO International Standards, the test temperature was 91° C., the test pressure was 325 bars, and the test duration was 500 hours. After 500 hours of the test, if the fusible alloy inside the PRD did not flow out, the fusible alloy was considered to be acceptable.
  • the test procedure is as follows.
  • a sample PRD is placed in a test block, which is in turn placed in an oven.
  • the quaternary fusible alloy for PRD of the present invention has a melting point that is appropriate for use according to the 110° C.-grade standards, and has excellent wettability as demonstrated by the small wetting angle upon melting.
  • PRDs formed of the fusible alloy of the invention can be expected to discharge gases within a short time, and the fusible alloy of the invention is a material which can satisfactorily replace conventional ternary alloys.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US12/445,822 2006-10-26 2006-12-28 Fusible alloy for pressure relief devices Abandoned US20100303668A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020060104429A KR100875440B1 (ko) 2006-10-26 2006-10-26 Ｐｒｄ용 가용합금
KR10-2006-0104429 2006-10-26
PCT/KR2006/005825 WO2008050936A1 (en) 2006-10-26 2006-12-28 Fusible alloy for pressure relief devices

Publications (1)

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US20100303668A1 true US20100303668A1 (en) 2010-12-02

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US12/445,822 Abandoned US20100303668A1 (en) 2006-10-26 2006-12-28 Fusible alloy for pressure relief devices

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US (1) US20100303668A1 (ko)
KR (1) KR100875440B1 (ko)
WO (1) WO2008050936A1 (ko)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4083718A (en) * 1975-03-20 1978-04-11 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Bismuth-tin-indium-lead alloy

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2529257B2 (ja) * 1987-04-22 1996-08-28 住友電気工業株式会社 ヒユ−ズ用導体
JPS63266035A (ja) * 1987-04-23 1988-11-02 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd ヒユ−ズ用導体
US5248476A (en) * 1992-04-30 1993-09-28 The Indium Corporation Of America Fusible alloy containing bismuth, indium, lead, tin and gallium
JP4911836B2 (ja) * 2001-06-28 2012-04-04 ソルダーコート株式会社 温度ヒューズ用可溶性合金および温度ヒューズ用線材および温度ヒューズ

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4083718A (en) * 1975-03-20 1978-04-11 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Bismuth-tin-indium-lead alloy

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Publication number Publication date
KR100875440B1 (ko) 2008-12-22
WO2008050936A1 (en) 2008-05-02
KR20080037381A (ko) 2008-04-30

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Owner name: YOUNGDO IND. CO., LTD., KOREA, REPUBLIC OF

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LEE, KWANG HO;REEL/FRAME:022564/0494

Effective date: 20090415

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION