US20100294655A1 - Radioisotope production o-18 water target having improved cooling performance - Google Patents

Radioisotope production o-18 water target having improved cooling performance Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100294655A1
US20100294655A1 US12/633,801 US63380109A US2010294655A1 US 20100294655 A1 US20100294655 A1 US 20100294655A1 US 63380109 A US63380109 A US 63380109A US 2010294655 A1 US2010294655 A1 US 2010294655A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cavity
protons
target apparatus
irradiated
cooling
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Abandoned
Application number
US12/633,801
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English (en)
Inventor
Bong Hwan Hong
Won Taek HWANG
Min Yong Lee
Tae Keun YANG
You Seok KIM
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Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences
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Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences
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Assigned to KOREA INSTITUTE OF RADIOLOGICAL & MEDICAL SCIENCES reassignment KOREA INSTITUTE OF RADIOLOGICAL & MEDICAL SCIENCES ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HONG, BONG HWAN, HWANG, WON TAEK, KIM, YOU SEOK, LEE, MIN YOUNG, YANG, TAE KEUN
Publication of US20100294655A1 publication Critical patent/US20100294655A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21G—CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
    • G21G1/00—Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes
    • G21G1/04—Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes outside nuclear reactors or particle accelerators
    • G21G1/10—Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes outside nuclear reactors or particle accelerators by bombardment with electrically charged particles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21G—CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
    • G21G1/00—Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H6/00—Targets for producing nuclear reactions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21G—CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
    • G21G1/00—Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes
    • G21G1/001—Recovery of specific isotopes from irradiated targets
    • G21G2001/0015—Fluorine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a radioisotope O-18 water (H 2 18 O) target apparatus having improved cooling performance in order to reduce heat generated and pressure increase in a cavity when a high current of given energy of protons is irradiated to produce a radioactive isotope F-18 through a nuclear reaction between the protons and the O-18 water (H 2 18 O).
  • H 2 18 O radioisotope O-18 water
  • the present invention is derived from a research project supported by the Atomic Energy Research & Development (R&D) Program of the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology [M2070605000108M060500110, Development of Superconducting Cyclotron Main Technology].
  • R&D Atomic Energy Research & Development
  • PET positron emission tomography
  • PET has recently been able to diagnose more diseases through development of a variety of positron emission radio-isotope marked medicines.
  • Representative positron emission radio-isotope marked medicines are FDG (2-[18F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose) used to diagnose a cancer and L-[11C-methyl]methionine used to diagnose a brain tumor.
  • FDG may be produced by irradiating protons onto O-18 water (H 2 18 O), producing a radioactive isotope F-18 through a 18 O(p,n) 18 F nuclear reaction, and chemically combining the radioactive isotope F-18. Therefore, an apparatus for producing the radioactive isotope F-18 is needed, and thus a O-18 water (H 2 18 O) target apparatus may be used.
  • the amount of radioactive isotope F-18 produced by the O-18 water (H 2 18 O) target apparatus is indicated as a yield.
  • the yield of the O-18 water (H 2 18 O) target apparatus during a nuclear reaction is proportional to the number of protons, which may be expressed as a proton current, at a given energy thereof measured in electron volts eV.
  • the total energy of the protons is expressed as a product of the unit energy of the protons and the number of protons. However, only a part of the energy of the protons is used for the nuclear reaction, and most of the remaining energy of the protons is converted into heat.
  • the O-18 water (H 2 18 O) target apparatus absorbs a greater amount of energy, which may involve a nucleation in the O-18 water (H 2 18 O) in a cavity, such that the cavity has increased temperature and pressure.
  • Such conditions unfavorably influence the life span of the O-18 water (H 2 18 O) target apparatus.
  • a density fluctuation of the O-18 water (H 2 18 O) is partially cased by a nucleation inside the cavity which varies the nuclear reaction rate and reduces the yield of the O-18 water (H 2 18 O) target apparatus.
  • the present invention provides a target apparatus having an improved structure for an effective cooling of O-18 water in a cavity during a nuclear reaction.
  • a radioisotope production target apparatus having improved cooling performance including a cavity member including a cavity accommodating O-18 water and producing F-18 through a nuclear reaction between the H 2 18 O concentrate and protons irradiated onto the O-18 water, wherein the cavity member includes a front aperture and a rear aperture disposed in opposite directions on a path in which the protons are irradiated and connected to the cavity so that the cavity has openings, the target apparatus including: a front membrane disposed to cover the front aperture; a rear cover disposed to cover the rear aperture; a front cooling member coupled to the cavity member to support the front membrane so as to prevent the front membrane from swelling due to an pressure increases in the cavity during the nuclear reaction, disposed on the path in which the protons are irradiated, and including a plurality of through holes extending in a direction the protons are irradiated; a central cooling member including a space for supplying cooling water around the cavity and coupled to the cavity member; and a rear cooling member
  • the thickness of the thermo-chemically stable layer may be between about 1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m.
  • the cavity may be between about 5 mm and about 20 mm long along the path in which the protons are irradiated.
  • the cavity may have a truncated cone shape having an inner diameter increasing from an upstream side to a downstream side along the path in which the protons are irradiated.
  • the cavity member may include a plurality of first cooling fins that protrude from an exterior surface of the cavity, extend around the circumference of the cavity, and are spaced apart from each other in the direction in which the protons are irradiated.
  • the rear cover may include a plurality of second cooling fins that protrude toward the cavity, extend in a direction perpendicular to a ground, and are spaced apart from each other in a direction perpendicular to the direction perpendicular to the ground.
  • the target apparatus may further including: a plurality of through holes having circular or hexagonal cross sections perpendicular to the path in which the protons are irradiated, and arranged in a honeycomb shape and having cross sections perpendicular to the path in which the protons are irradiated.
  • the front membrane may be formed of titanium or niobium.
  • the plurality of second cooling fins may be plated with titanium or niobium.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a target apparatus, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion “A” of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion “B” of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the target apparatus of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion “C” of FIG. 4 ;
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the target apparatus of FIG. 1 , viewed from a first direction for explaining the main elements;
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion “D” of FIG. 6 ;
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion “E” of FIG. 6 ;
  • FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of the target apparatus of FIG. 1 , viewed from a second direction;
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a portion “F” of FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a O-18 water (H 2 18 O) target apparatus 10 (hereinafter, referred to as “target apparatus”), according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion “A” of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion “B” of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the target apparatus 10 .
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion “C” of FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the target apparatus 10 , viewed from a first direction for explaining the main elements.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion “D” of FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion “E” of FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of the target apparatus 10 , viewed from a second) direction.
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a portion “F” of FIG. 9 .
  • the target apparatus 10 for producing a radioisotope and having improved cooling performance may produce a radioactive isotope 18 F through a nuclear reaction between protons irradiated onto an H 2 18 O concentrate and the H 2 18 O concentrate.
  • An arrow “Y” shown in FIG. 4 indicates an inlet through which cooling water is injected.
  • An arrow “Z” shown in FIG. 4 indicates an outlet through which the cooling water is discharged.
  • An arrow “S” shown in FIG. 5 is a direction of O-18 circulation in which the O-18 water is circulated by convection during proton irradiation.
  • the target apparatus 10 includes a cavity member 20 , a front membrane 30 , a rear cover 40 , a front cooling member 50 , a central cooling member 60 , and a rear cooling member 70 .
  • the cavity member 20 includes a cavity 22 , a plurality of first cooling fins 23 , a front aperture 24 , and a rear aperture 25 .
  • the cavity member 20 is formed of a metal having excellent thermal conductivity, such as copper Cu.
  • the cavity 22 is formed in the center of the cavity member 20 .
  • the cavity 22 is filled with the O-18 water.
  • a thermo-chemically stable layer that is plated with titanium Ti or niobium Nb is disposed on an inner circumference of the cavity 20 .
  • the thermo-chemically stable layer effectively transfers heat generated from the O-18 water of the cavity 22 to an exterior of the cavity 22 , provides better cooling efficiency than in case cavity member is made only with Ti of Nb, and maintains the O-18 water of the cavity 22 in a chemically stable state.
  • Thickness of the thermo-chemically stable layer may be between about 1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the thermo-chemically stable layer is below 1 ⁇ m, the target apparatus 10 may not maintain chemical stability of the O-18 water during the nuclear reaction.
  • thermo-chemically stable layer exceeds 10 ⁇ m, the chemical stability of the target apparatus 10 may be improved, but since titanium Ti or niobium Nb, which are expensive materials, is used, manufacturing costs increases accordingly and the cooling performance will gradually decreases.
  • the cavity 22 is open at the front aperture 24 and the rear aperture 25 .
  • the cavity 22 has a circular cross-section with regard to a plane perpendicular to a path in which the protons are irradiated.
  • the cavity 22 is a truncated cone shape having an inner diameter that increases from an upstream side of to a downstream side of the path in which the protons are irradiated.
  • the truncated cone shape of the cavity 22 is used to increase a surface area of the cavity 22 as great as possible that is thermally exchanged with the first cooling fins 23 .
  • the volume of the cavity 22 is approximately 1.5 cc, which is generally the optimized amount used for the nuclear reaction involving the H 2 18 O concentrate. The O-18 water is expensive and thus reduced usage may be desired.
  • the cavity 22 may be between about 5 mm and about 20 mm long along the path X in which the protons are irradiated. If the length of the cavity 22 is below 5 mm, space for the second cooling fins 42 is reduced, making it difficult to effectively improve the cooling performance of the target apparatus 10 . Meanwhile, if the cavity 22 exceeds 20 mm, the volume of the cavity 22 unnecessarily increases.
  • the first cooling fins 23 protrude from an exterior surface of the cavity 22 .
  • the first cooling fins 23 extend around the circumference of the cavity 22 .
  • the first cooling fins 23 are spaced apart from each other in the direction in which the protons are irradiated.
  • the first cooling fins 23 contact the cooling water so that a heat exchange occurs.
  • the first cooling fins 23 increase an area of contact with the cooling water when the heat exchange occurs between the first cooling fins 23 and the cavity 22 , thereby increasing efficiency of the heat transfer.
  • the front aperture 24 and the rear aperture 25 are disposed facing each other on the path in which the protons are irradiated, and surrounding the cavity 22 .
  • the front aperture 24 and the rear aperture 25 are connected to the cavity 22 so that the cavity 22 may have openings.
  • the protons are irradiated toward the cavity 22 through the front aperture 24 so that energy of the irradiated protons may be entirely absorbed in the O-18 water of the cavity 22 .
  • the front membrane 30 and the rear cover 40 are disposed to cover the front aperture 24 and the rear aperture 25 , respectively.
  • the O-18 water does not externally flow out from the cavity 22 due to the front membrane 30 and the rear cover 40 , and the cavity 22 is continuously filled with the O-18 water.
  • the front membrane 30 and the rear cover 40 are coupled to the cavity 22 using a sealing member (not shown) such as polyethylene.
  • the front membrane 30 is formed of a metal, such as titanium Ti or niobium Nb, and its thickness is generally several tens of micrometers. In the present embodiment, the thickness of the front membrane 30 is 50 ⁇ m.
  • the rear cover 40 includes a plurality of second cooling fins 42 and a plurality of third cooling fins 44 .
  • the second cooling fins 42 protrude toward the cavity 22 .
  • the second cooling fins 42 extend in a direction perpendicular to a ground.
  • the second cooling fins 42 are spaced apart from each other in a direction perpendicular to the direction perpendicular to the ground since the O-18 water filled in the cavity 22 flows down in the direction perpendicular to the ground from an upper side of the second cooling fins 42 to a lower side thereof due to a change in the density of the O-18 water during the nuclear reaction as shown in FIG. 5 , thereby achieving greater cooling performance.
  • the second cooling fins 42 are plated with titanium Ti or niobium Nb, that is, the same metal as the thermo-chemically stable layer.
  • the third cooling fins 44 protrude in a direction opposite to the protrusion direction the second cooling fins 42 , between a wall surface of the rear cover 40 .
  • the third cooling fins 44 directly contact the cooling water injected into a third space 72 so that heat exchange therebetween may occur.
  • the rear cover 40 and the rear cooling member 70 form the third space 72 in which the cooling water flows.
  • the front cooling member 50 is coupled to the cavity member 20 to support the front membrane 30 .
  • the front membrane 30 is disposed between the front cooling member 50 and the cavity member 20 .
  • the front cooling member 50 includes a plurality of through holes 52 .
  • the through holes 52 are formed penetrating the front cooling member 50 due to a plurality of front lattice portions 53 along the path in which the protons are irradiated.
  • the total area of the through holes 52 occupies 80% or more of the total area of the front aperture 24 . Protons that do not enter the through holes 52 of the front cooling member 50 cause a loss of energy.
  • the through holes 52 may have circular or hexagonal cross sections perpendicular to the path in which the protons are irradiated.
  • the through holes 52 may be arranged in a honeycomb shape and have cross sections perpendicular to the path in which the protons are irradiated.
  • a ring shape first space 54 in which the cooling water flows is formed in the front cooling member 50 .
  • An inlet into which the cooling water is injected is formed in one side of the first space 54 , and an outlet in which the cooling water is discharged is formed in the other side thereof.
  • the front cooling member 50 may be formed of a metal having good thermal conductivity, such as aluminum Al or copper Cu.
  • the front cooling member 50 supports the front membrane 30 and prevents the front membrane 30 from swelling due to increases in the temperature and pressure of the O-18 water of the cavity 22 .
  • the central cooling member 60 includes a second space 62 for supplying the cooling water around the cavity 22 .
  • the central cooling member 60 is coupled to the cavity member 20 to prevent the cooling water from being discharged through a sealing member such as polyethylene.
  • the central cooling member 60 includes a path in which the cooling water is injected into the second space 62 and a path in which the cooling water is discharged from the second space 62 .
  • the rear cooling member 70 is coupled to the rear cover 40 .
  • the rear cooling member 70 includes the third space 72 in which the cooling water comes in and out and flows, and a path in which the cooling water comes in and out the third space 72 .
  • the rear cooling member 70 and the rear cover 40 are sealed by a sealing member such as polyethylene so as to prevent the cooling water from escaping from where the rear cooling member 70 is coupled to the rear cover 40 .
  • the front cooling member 50 , the cavity member 20 , the rear cover 40 , the central cooling member 60 , and the rear cooling member 70 are integrally coupled to each other through a coupling member such as a bolt.
  • a cyclotron for example, a particle accelerator
  • a portion of the protons may not penetrate the front lattice 53 of the front cooling member 50 and another portion may enter the through holes 52 of the front cooling member 50 .
  • a portion of the protons that have entered the through holes 52 of the front cooling member 50 is absorbed in the front membrane 30 and another portion is absorbed in the O-18 water of the cavity 22 of the cavity member 20 .
  • a high temperature generated during the nuclear reaction between the protons and the O-18 water is cooled by the cooling water that flows in the second space 62 formed by the cavity member 20 and the central cooling member 60 and also cooled by the cooling water that flows in the third space 72 formed by the rear cover 40 and the rear cooling member 70 .
  • the first, second, and third cooling fins 23 , 42 , and 44 have large surface areas contacting the cooling water, thereby remarkably increasing the cooling effect.
  • the thermo-chemically stable layer plated in the inner circumference of the cavity 22 quickly transfers heat of the cavity 22 to the first cooling fins 23 , thereby maintaining the O-18 water of the cavity 22 at a stable temperature and pressure.
  • the second cooling fins 42 protrude toward the cavity 22 and have the largest surface contacting the O-18 water of the cavity 22 , thereby remarkably increasing the cooling performance of the target apparatus 10 .
  • the cavity 22 is a truncated cone having an inner diameter increasing in the direction in which the protons are irradiated, which increases a surface of the first cooling fins 23 contacting the cooling water, thereby increasing the cooling performance compared to the conventional art.
  • thermo-chemically stable layer may be between about 1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m in the present embodiment, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the objective of the present invention may be achieved according to the thermo-chemically stable layer.
  • the cavity 22 is a truncated cone having an inner diameter increasing from an upstream side to a downstream side along the path in which the protons are irradiated in the present embodiment
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the objective of the present invention may be achieved according to the thermo-chemically stable layer.
  • the cavity member 20 includes the first cooling fins 23 that extend in around the circumference of the cavity 22 and are spaced apart from each other in the direction in which the protons are irradiated in the present embodiment, the cavity member 20 may not include the first cooling fins 23 and thus the objective of the present invention may be achieved according to the thermo-chemically stable layer.
  • the rear cover 40 includes the second cooling fins 42 that protrude toward the cavity 22 , extending in a direction perpendicular to a ground, and are spaced apart from each other in a direction perpendicular to the direction perpendicular to the ground in the present embodiment, the rear cover 40 may not include the second cooling fins 42 and thus the objective of the present invention may be achieved according to the thermo-chemically stable layer.
  • the through holes 52 have circular or hexagonal cross sections perpendicular to the path in which the protons are irradiated, and have a honeycomb shape cross section perpendicular to the path in which the protons are irradiated in the present embodiment, the present invention is not limited thereto, the through holes 52 may have rectangular and octagonal cross-sections and thus the objective of the present invention may be achieved.
  • a target apparatus of the present invention has formed a plating layer that thermo-chemically stabilizes an inner circumference of a cavity accommodating a nuclear reaction material, by which reduces temperature and pressure of the cavity, thereby increasing a production yield of a radioactive isotope and increasing life span of the target apparatus.
  • the cavity of the present invention has a remarkably increased surface area contacting cooling water used to cool the cavity, thereby providing a radioactive isotope production target apparatus having improved cooling performance.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US12/633,801 2009-05-20 2009-12-09 Radioisotope production o-18 water target having improved cooling performance Abandoned US20100294655A1 (en)

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KR1020090044118A KR101065057B1 (ko) 2009-05-20 2009-05-20 냉각 성능이 향상된 동위원소 생산용 중수 표적장치
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Cited By (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150170777A1 (en) * 2012-08-20 2015-06-18 Korea Institute Of Radiological & Medical Sciences Radioactive isotope liquid targeting apparatus having functional thermosiphon internal flow channel
US9269466B2 (en) 2011-06-17 2016-02-23 General Electric Company Target apparatus and isotope production systems and methods using the same
WO2018115705A1 (fr) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-28 P M B Système de ciblerie à gaz pour production de radio-isotopes
CN110604876A (zh) * 2019-10-23 2019-12-24 北京中百源国际科技创新研究有限公司 一种基于回旋加速器的质子治疗设备
US10714225B2 (en) 2018-03-07 2020-07-14 PN Labs, Inc. Scalable continuous-wave ion linac PET radioisotope system
US11062816B2 (en) * 2014-08-11 2021-07-13 Best Theratronics Ltd. Target, apparatus and process for the manufacture of molybdenum-100 targets

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US4147938A (en) * 1978-02-07 1979-04-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Fire resistant nuclear fuel cask
US6011825A (en) * 1995-08-09 2000-01-04 Washington University Production of 64 Cu and other radionuclides using a charged-particle accelerator
US6586747B1 (en) * 2000-06-23 2003-07-01 Ebco Industries, Ltd. Particle accelerator assembly with liquid-target holder
US7362842B2 (en) * 2001-03-16 2008-04-22 Regents Of The University Of California Cylindrical neutron generator
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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9269466B2 (en) 2011-06-17 2016-02-23 General Electric Company Target apparatus and isotope production systems and methods using the same
US9336915B2 (en) 2011-06-17 2016-05-10 General Electric Company Target apparatus and isotope production systems and methods using the same
US20150170777A1 (en) * 2012-08-20 2015-06-18 Korea Institute Of Radiological & Medical Sciences Radioactive isotope liquid targeting apparatus having functional thermosiphon internal flow channel
US11062816B2 (en) * 2014-08-11 2021-07-13 Best Theratronics Ltd. Target, apparatus and process for the manufacture of molybdenum-100 targets
WO2018115705A1 (fr) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-28 P M B Système de ciblerie à gaz pour production de radio-isotopes
FR3061403A1 (fr) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-29 P M B Systeme de ciblerie a gaz pour production de radio-isotopes
CN110089201A (zh) * 2016-12-22 2019-08-02 Pmb公司 用于产生放射性同位素的气体靶系统
JP2020514706A (ja) * 2016-12-22 2020-05-21 ペ エム ベ 放射性同位体を生成するためのガスターゲットシステム
US11145430B2 (en) 2016-12-22 2021-10-12 P M B Gas targeting system for producing radioisotopes
JP7096825B2 (ja) 2016-12-22 2022-07-06 ペ エム ベ 放射性同位体を生成するためのガスターゲットシステム
US10714225B2 (en) 2018-03-07 2020-07-14 PN Labs, Inc. Scalable continuous-wave ion linac PET radioisotope system
CN110604876A (zh) * 2019-10-23 2019-12-24 北京中百源国际科技创新研究有限公司 一种基于回旋加速器的质子治疗设备

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KR101065057B1 (ko) 2011-09-15

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