US20100183465A1 - Scroll Compressor - Google Patents

Scroll Compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100183465A1
US20100183465A1 US12/663,682 US66368208A US2010183465A1 US 20100183465 A1 US20100183465 A1 US 20100183465A1 US 66368208 A US66368208 A US 66368208A US 2010183465 A1 US2010183465 A1 US 2010183465A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
scroll
support surface
movable scroll
movable
thrust
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/663,682
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Eiji Kobayashi
Masahiko Osaka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanden Corp
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Assigned to SANDEN CORPORATION reassignment SANDEN CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KOBAYASHI, EIJI, OSAKA, MASAHIKO
Publication of US20100183465A1 publication Critical patent/US20100183465A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C27/00—Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C27/005—Axial sealings for working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/02—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F04C18/0207—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form
    • F04C18/0215—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where only one member is moving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/0021—Systems for the equilibration of forces acting on the pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/80—Other components
    • F04C2240/808—Electronic circuits (e.g. inverters) installed inside the machine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C23/00—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C23/008—Hermetic pumps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a scroll compressor in which a fixed scroll and a movable scroll are combined together to carry out compression.
  • Scroll compressors are used in automobile air-conditioning systems, home air-conditioners, refrigerators, etc. Many of these scroll compressors use a compression unit in which a vortical wrap of a fixed scroll and that of a movable scroll are engaged with each other.
  • the orbiting movement of the movable scroll gradually reduces the capacity of a crescent-shaped compression chamber that is formed between the vortical wrap of the fixed scroll and that of the movable scroll.
  • This action of the compression chamber is used to compress a to-be-compressed fluid such as a refrigerant.
  • the movable scroll is applied with load in an axial direction, namely in a thrust direction, as a reaction force of the compression.
  • the load acts to separate the movable scroll away from the fixed scroll.
  • the scroll compressor is provided with a movable-scroll receiving support surface in the back face of an end wall supporting the wrap of the movable scroll, and also provided with a thrust receiving structure for receiving a thrust load in the movable-scroll receiving support surface.
  • the thrust receiving structure is required to be designed in consideration of downsizing of the compressor.
  • a thrust receiving structure with a plurality of thrust plates made up of small disc-like parts in the movable-scroll receiving support surface to be arranged in a circumferential direction of the movable scroll by using an embedding construction.
  • Recessed areas are formed in a flat section of the movable-scroll receiving support surface, which faces the end wall of the movable scroll, along the circumferential direction of the movable scroll.
  • the thrust plates are interfitted in their respective recessed areas so that the upper faces of the thrust plates slightly project from the openings of the recessed areas.
  • the thrust plates supported with the bottom faces of the recessed areas each have a structure for receiving the end wall of the movable scroll.
  • this structure uses a plurality of disc-like thin parts, it has the advantage that the thrust receiving structure itself is compact.
  • the movable scroll orbits around the axis of the fixed scroll while keeping a parallel attitude.
  • the recessed areas are formed in the respective sections of the movable-scroll receiving support surface by machining.
  • the machining is prone to generate variation in a depth direction.
  • the thrust plates are the parts arranged along the circumferential direction of the movable scroll and supporting the movable scroll from the back face of the movable scroll.
  • the depth-directional variation in the recessed areas emerges as an inclination of the movable scroll. This means that the movable scroll is engaged with the fixed scroll in an inclined position due to the thrust plates.
  • This inclination of the movable scroll affects a compression stroke that is carried out between the fixed and movable scrolls and is liable to cause a deterioration in compression performance.
  • the scroll compressor according to the invention has a compression unit including a movable scroll made up by forming a vortical wrap in an end wall and a similar fixed scroll, and being capable of carrying out compression along with an orbiting movement of the movable scroll with the wraps of the scrolls engaged with each other; a movable-scroll receiving support surface formed on a back-face side of the end wall of the movable scroll and including a flat face opposite to the back face of the end wall; and a plurality of thrust plates that are scattered in the support surface along a circumferential direction of the movable scroll, slidably supports the back face of the end wall of the movable scroll, and receives a thrust load from the movable scroll.
  • the thrust plates are fixed onto the flat face of the support surface so as to be supported with the flat face by using the flat face as reference.
  • the invention has a structure in which the thrust plates are supported with the flat face of the scroll-receiving support surface that can be maintained with high accuracy, the movable scroll can be supported with the thrust plates from the back face without being unnecessarily inclined.
  • each of the thrust plates has a projection protruding toward the support surface, and the support surface has a hole that opens toward the corresponding thrust plate.
  • Each of the thrust plates is fixed onto the support surface by interfitting the corresponding projection into the corresponding hole.
  • the thrust plates are firmly fixed onto the flat face of a scroll-receiving support surface without inclining the thrust plates with a simple structure.
  • the support surface has a projection protruding toward the corresponding thrust plate, and each of the thrust plates has a hole that opens toward the support surface.
  • Each of the thrust plates is fixed onto the support surface by interfitting the corresponding projection into the corresponding hole.
  • the thrust plates are firmly fixed onto the flat face of the scroll-receiving support surface without inclining the thrust plates with a simple structure.
  • FIG. 1 is a normal sectional view of a scroll compressor according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing a fixing structure of a thrust plate
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a substantial part of a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view showing a fixing structure of a thrust plate according to the second embodiment.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 The invention will be described with reference to a first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 .
  • FIG. 1 is a normal sectional view of a scroll compressor, or for example, an electric scroll compressor for vehicle air-conditioning.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional side view taken along line II-II of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a partially sectional view taken along line of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a fixing structure of a thrust plate.
  • reference mark 1 represents a housing of the scroll compressor.
  • the housing 1 is constructed by serially connecting a compression-unit casing 1 a having a shape of a cylinder with a bottom to a similar electric-unit casing 1 b with a cylindrical middle casing 1 c disposed therebetween.
  • a compression unit 5 is installed in the compression-unit casing 1 a .
  • the compression unit 5 has a structure in which a fixed scroll 3 disposed on the bottom side of the casing 1 a is engaged with a movable scroll 4 disposed on the opening side.
  • the fixed scroll 3 and the movable scroll 4 each have a structure in which a vortical wrap 8 is disposed, for example, in a circular end wall 7 .
  • a cylindrical boss 11 In the center of the back face of the end wall 7 of the movable scroll 4 , there is a cylindrical boss 11 in which an eccentric bush 10 is rotatably fitted.
  • a wrap 8 of the fixed scroll 3 and a wrap 8 of the movable scroll 4 are engaged with each other.
  • a crescent-shaped compression chamber 12 having capacity varied along with an orbiting movement of the movable scroll 4 is formed between the wraps 8 .
  • the middle casing 1 c there is formed a cylindrical protruding portion that protrudes close to the end wall 7 of the movable scroll 4 .
  • the protruding portion serves as a movable-scroll receiving support surface 13 (hereinafter, referred to as a support surface 13 ) that receives the movable scroll 4 .
  • the support surface 13 has a tip end face that is formed of a ring-like flat face 13 a parallel with the end walls 7 of the fixed and movable scrolls 3 and 4 . Needless to say, the flat face 13 a is situated closely opposite to a back face 7 a of the end wall 7 .
  • An electric unit 17 formed by interlocking a rotor 15 and a stator 16 together is installed in the electric-unit casing 1 b to be located on the opening side.
  • On the bottom side there is disposed an inverter unit 18 for controlling the electric unit.
  • the rotor 15 has a shaft 15 a including both ends rotatably supported with bearings 19 and 20 that are set in the electric-unit casing 1 b and the middle casing 1 c .
  • an eccentric pin 21 is set in an eccentric position of a shaft end of a shaft 10 a supported with the middle casing 1 c.
  • the eccentric pin 21 is inserted in an eccentric aperture located in an eccentric position of the eccentric bush 10 of the movable scroll 4 .
  • the movable scroll 4 orbits around an axis of the fixed scroll 3 to vary the capacity of the crescent-shaped compression chamber 12 , to thereby compress a to-be-compressed fluid such as refrigerant.
  • the movable scroll 4 does not rotate on its axis and is capable of making an orbiting movement only, by using four pin-type rotation-suppressing devices 22 situated between the end wall 7 of the movable scroll and the support surface 13 as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • a plurality of thrust plates 25 are scattered along a circumferential direction of the movable scroll 4 between the back face 7 a of the end wall 7 of the movable scroll 4 and the ring-like flat face 13 a.
  • Each of the thrust plates 25 is made up of a thin circular member (having, for example, a diameter of about 10 mm and a thickness of about 2 mm).
  • the fixing of the thrust plate 25 uses a structure that supports the entire thrust plate 25 by using the flat face 13 a of the support surface 13 as reference plane, in which accuracy can be easily obtained.
  • a projection such as a short-columnar projection 28 is formed in either a lower face 25 a (one side face opposite to the flat face 13 a ) of the thrust plate 25 or the flat face 13 a (face opposite to the lower face 25 a ) of the support surface 13 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
  • a hole such as a hole in which the entire protruding projection 28 is fitted, or more specifically, an interfitting hole 29 .
  • the short-columnar projection 28 is integrally formed in the center (substantially center) of the lower face 25 a of the thrust plate 25 .
  • a cylindrical interfitting hole 29 with a bottom is formed in each point on the flat face 13 a, which coincides with the corresponding projection 28 .
  • the interfitting hole 29 has an internal diameter size corresponding to an external diameter of the projection 28 and a depth that is longer than a projection length of the projection 28 .
  • Letter H in FIG. 3 indicates the depth of the interfitting hole 29 .
  • the projection 28 is slidably (rotatably) interfitted in the interfitting hole 29 .
  • the entire projection 28 protruding from the lower face 25 a is received in the interfitting hole 29 .
  • the thrust plate 25 is thus positioned at a predetermined point, and the lower face 25 a of the thrust plate 25 abuts against the flat face 13 a.
  • the thrust plate 25 is thus disposed (placed) to be superimposed upon the flat face 13 a.
  • the entire thrust plate 25 is supported with the flat face 13 a of the support surface 13 from the lower side, and is positioned at a predetermined position.
  • the thrust plate 25 is fitted onto the flat face 13 a by using the flat face 13 a as reference.
  • the thrust plate 25 supported with the flat face 13 a supports the end wall 7 of the movable scroll 4 from the back-face side, and receives a thrust load applied to the movable scroll 4 .
  • the rotor 15 rotates when the electric unit 17 is excited.
  • the rotation is transmitted from the shaft 15 a through the eccentric pin 21 to the movable scroll 4 .
  • the movable scroll 4 then orbits around the axis of the fixed scroll 3 , and compresses the to-be-compressed fluid such as refrigerant by varying the capacity of the compression chamber 12 located between the wraps 8 .
  • the thrust load applied to the movable scroll 4 is received by the plurality of thrust plates 25 supporting the end wall 7 .
  • the thrust plate 25 is superimposed upon the flat face 13 a.
  • the thrust plate 25 is positioned by using the flat face 13 a as reference.
  • the thrust plate 25 is not affected by the variation. This means that the thrust plate 25 is not inclined. This is because the flat face 13 a upon which the thrust plate 25 is superimposed is a section in which high accuracy is easily obtained.
  • the movable scroll 4 is properly supported from the thrust plates 25 located in any points by using the flat face 13 a as reference.
  • the movable scroll 4 is therefore not inclined in relation to the fixed scroll 3 , and always retains a predetermined attitude, or a proper fixed attitude suitable for compression. Consequently, the movable scroll 4 can satisfactorily carry out a desired compression performance in cooperation with the fixed scroll 3 .
  • the fixing of the thrust plates 25 is carried out without difficulty since the interfitting structure in which the projection 28 and the interfitting hole 29 are fitted together is employed.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show a second embodiment of the invention.
  • a pin member 35 is formed as a projection in the flat face 13 a of the support surface 13 .
  • a through-hole 36 piercing in thickness direction as a hole, whereby the thrust plate 25 is superimposed upon the flat face 13 a.
  • the pin member 35 projects towards the lower face of the thrust plate 25 .
  • the through-hole 36 has an internal diameter size corresponding to an external diameter of the pin member 35 .
  • the pin member 35 is slidably (rotatably) interfitted in the through-hole 36 , and the entire pin member 36 protruding from the flat face 13 aa is received in the through-hole 36 .
  • the thrust plate 25 is positioned at a predetermined point as in the first embodiment, and the entire thrust plate 25 is supported from the lower side by using the flat face 13 a of the support surface 13 as reference similarly to the first embodiment.
  • the invention is not limited to the first and second embodiments, and may be modified in various ways without deviating from the gist of the invention.
  • the embodiments have a structure in which the projection and the through-hole are formed in the lower face of the thrust plate, and the hole and the pin member in the flat face.
  • the invention may have a structure in which the thrust plate is positioned by using the flat face of another support surface as reference.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
US12/663,682 2007-06-08 2008-05-22 Scroll Compressor Abandoned US20100183465A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2007152679A JP2008303819A (ja) 2007-06-08 2007-06-08 スクロール圧縮機
JP2007-152679 2007-06-08
PCT/JP2008/059468 WO2008152896A1 (ja) 2007-06-08 2008-05-22 スクロール圧縮機

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20100183465A1 true US20100183465A1 (en) 2010-07-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/663,682 Abandoned US20100183465A1 (en) 2007-06-08 2008-05-22 Scroll Compressor

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US20100183465A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2008303819A (de)
DE (1) DE112008001546B4 (de)
WO (1) WO2008152896A1 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090320283A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2009-12-31 Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Suction filter, turbo compressor, and method for compact assembling of the same
CN107906002A (zh) * 2017-12-15 2018-04-13 山东元清机电科技有限公司 一种压缩机防自转机构
US10634141B2 (en) 2014-09-17 2020-04-28 Bitzer Kuehlmaschinenbau Gmbh Scroll compressor having axial guide support
US20200318638A1 (en) * 2017-09-05 2020-10-08 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems, Ltd. Method for manufacturing compressor casing, casing blank, and compressor casing

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011089507A (ja) 2009-10-26 2011-05-06 Sanden Corp スクロール型流体機械

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4435137A (en) * 1980-04-05 1984-03-06 Sanden Corporation Scroll-type fluid compressor with scroll stabilizing mechanism
US5470213A (en) * 1993-04-13 1995-11-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Scroll type compressor having a ring for compressive force transmission and orbit determination
US6461120B2 (en) * 1999-12-21 2002-10-08 Denso Corporation Sealed-type electric compressor having refrigerant passage
US6589035B1 (en) * 1996-10-04 2003-07-08 Hitachi, Ltd. Scroll compressor having a valved back-pressure chamber and a bypass for over-compression
US20050220651A1 (en) * 2004-04-02 2005-10-06 Sanden Corporation Scroll type hydraulic machine
US7195470B2 (en) * 2003-12-19 2007-03-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Scroll compressor having a supply passage connecting the back pressure chamber to discharge pressure region and passing a clearance at a sliding portion

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63289279A (ja) * 1987-05-20 1988-11-25 Tokico Ltd スクロ−ル式流体機械
JP2592344Y2 (ja) * 1993-04-13 1999-03-17 株式会社豊田自動織機製作所 スクロール型圧縮機
JP2000220582A (ja) * 1999-01-29 2000-08-08 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd スクロール流体機械
JP2005248925A (ja) * 2004-03-08 2005-09-15 Sanden Corp スクロール型流体機械

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4435137A (en) * 1980-04-05 1984-03-06 Sanden Corporation Scroll-type fluid compressor with scroll stabilizing mechanism
US5470213A (en) * 1993-04-13 1995-11-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho Scroll type compressor having a ring for compressive force transmission and orbit determination
US6589035B1 (en) * 1996-10-04 2003-07-08 Hitachi, Ltd. Scroll compressor having a valved back-pressure chamber and a bypass for over-compression
US6461120B2 (en) * 1999-12-21 2002-10-08 Denso Corporation Sealed-type electric compressor having refrigerant passage
US7195470B2 (en) * 2003-12-19 2007-03-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Scroll compressor having a supply passage connecting the back pressure chamber to discharge pressure region and passing a clearance at a sliding portion
US20050220651A1 (en) * 2004-04-02 2005-10-06 Sanden Corporation Scroll type hydraulic machine
US7214043B2 (en) * 2004-04-02 2007-05-08 Sanden Corporation Scroll type hydraulic machine

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090320283A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2009-12-31 Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Suction filter, turbo compressor, and method for compact assembling of the same
US7967551B2 (en) * 2003-03-26 2011-06-28 Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Suction filter, turbocompressor, and method for compact assembling of the same
US10634141B2 (en) 2014-09-17 2020-04-28 Bitzer Kuehlmaschinenbau Gmbh Scroll compressor having axial guide support
US11396877B2 (en) 2014-09-17 2022-07-26 Bitzer Kuehlmaschinenbau Gmbh Scroll compressor having axial guide support
US20200318638A1 (en) * 2017-09-05 2020-10-08 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems, Ltd. Method for manufacturing compressor casing, casing blank, and compressor casing
US11454236B2 (en) * 2017-09-05 2022-09-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems, Ltd. Method for manufacturing compressor casing, casing blank, and compressor casing
CN107906002A (zh) * 2017-12-15 2018-04-13 山东元清机电科技有限公司 一种压缩机防自转机构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE112008001546T5 (de) 2010-04-22
JP2008303819A (ja) 2008-12-18
WO2008152896A1 (ja) 2008-12-18
DE112008001546B4 (de) 2012-06-14

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AS Assignment

Owner name: SANDEN CORPORATION, JAPAN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KOBAYASHI, EIJI;OSAKA, MASAHIKO;REEL/FRAME:023634/0022

Effective date: 20091112

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION