US20100156237A1 - Tuning-Fork Type Piezoelectric Vibrating Piece and Piezoelectric Device - Google Patents
Tuning-Fork Type Piezoelectric Vibrating Piece and Piezoelectric Device Download PDFInfo
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- US20100156237A1 US20100156237A1 US12/641,977 US64197709A US2010156237A1 US 20100156237 A1 US20100156237 A1 US 20100156237A1 US 64197709 A US64197709 A US 64197709A US 2010156237 A1 US2010156237 A1 US 2010156237A1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/15—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material
- H03H9/17—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material having a single resonator
- H03H9/19—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material having a single resonator consisting of quartz
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H3/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators
- H03H3/007—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks
- H03H3/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks for the manufacture of piezoelectric or electrostrictive resonators or networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H3/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators
- H03H3/007—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks
- H03H3/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks for the manufacture of piezoelectric or electrostrictive resonators or networks
- H03H3/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks for the manufacture of piezoelectric or electrostrictive resonators or networks for obtaining desired frequency or temperature coefficient
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/15—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material
- H03H9/21—Crystal tuning forks
- H03H9/215—Crystal tuning forks consisting of quartz
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/42—Piezoelectric device making
Definitions
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along the A-A line of FIG. 1A .
- FIG. 5A is a top view of the second tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece 20 A.
- FIG. 13A through 13D are schematic views of the second crystal device 110 of second embodiment.
- the second lid plate 10 and the base plate 40 made of a single crystal wafer sandwich the crystal frame 50 to form the second crystal device 10 .
Abstract
A tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece (20) is comprised of a base portion (23) comprising a piezoelectric material, a pair of vibrating arms (21) extends parallel from the base portion with a first thickness, a excitation electrode film (33, 34) formed on the vibrating arms, a pair of tuning portions (28) formed at the distal ends of the vibrating arms (21) with a second thickness which is less than the first thickness; and a metal film (18) formed on at least one surface o the tuning portion.
Description
- This application claims priority to and the benefit of Japan Patent Application No. 2008-324891, filed on Dec. 22, 2008, in the Japan Patent Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- The present disclosure relates to tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating pieces made of a piezoelectric material and a manufacturing method of piezoelectric device having the piezoelectric vibrating piece.
- Various types of clocks, home electric appliances, and consumer electronics, and various types of commercial/industrial electrical apparatus such as information/communication devices and Office-Automation devices utilize at least one oscillator. These oscillators typically are manufactured by packaging a piezoelectric resonator, a piezoelectric vibrating device, or an IC chip as a clock source for addition to and use by an electronic circuit of the apparatus. In other apparatus, piezoelectric timing devices such as real-time clock modules are widely used. Especially nowadays, piezoelectric vibrating devices must be increasingly miniaturized and/or provided with a thinner or lower profile so as to be correspondingly accommodated in electronic devices that likewise are miniaturized and/or provided with a lower profile.
- As miniaturization of electric devices, miniaturized tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece for piezoelectric devices used for the electric devices are required. The miniaturized tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece has a pair of vibrating arms, and the length of arms becomes shorter and width of arms becomes narrower. However, frequency of a tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece is inversely proportional to the square of the length of vibrating arms so that the shorter arms increase the frequency. According to the Japan Unexamined Patent Application No. 2005-354649, the distal ends of vibrating arms have wider shape. With this configuration, the distal end of vibrating arms become heavier and frequency of a tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece can be lowered.
- Also the '354649 reference disclosed that a laser beam is irradiated to the frequency controlling film on the distal end of the vibrating arms of tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece. The laser beam trims a part of the frequency controlling film for controlling frequency. For example, if a tuning-fork type piezoelectric oscillator of surface mount device is in size of 3.2 mm×1.5 mm, the size of frequency controlling film of the vibrating arms of the tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece to be mounted thereon is 600 μm×100 μm, for example. The miniaturized tuning-fork type piezoelectric oscillator which is SMD is in size of 2.0 mm×1.2 mm, and, the size of frequency controlling film of the vibrating arms of the tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece to be mounted thereon is 400 μm×60 μm, for example, and the dimensions of film are 1/2.5 smaller than of original dimensions.
- However, when the length of vibrating arms becomes shorter and the width of vibrating arms becomes narrower, frequency of each tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece varies because a crystal wafer are etched by wet-etching method. In order to control the variability of frequency and make it predetermined frequency, a laser beam is irradiated to trim a part of the frequency adjustment film. But, the area of film may be small and frequency adjustment amount on the controlling film also becomes small so that the frequency may not be controlled to a predetermined value.
- An object of the disclosed devices and methods is to increase the adjustable range of the amount of frequency adjustment (herein after called “frequency adjustable range”) that can be achieved by trimming a tuning portion of metal film formed on the distal end of the vibrating arms even after the tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece is miniaturized. With this configuration, many small tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating pieces manufactured on one single crystal wafer can be tuned to a predetermined frequency.
- A tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece constructed according to a first aspect of the disclosure comprises a base portion comprising a piezoelectric material, a pair of vibrating arms extending parallel from the base portion with a first thickness, an excitation electrode film formed on the vibrating arms, a pair of tuning portions formed at the distal ends of the vibrating arms with a second thickness which is less than the first thickness of the vibrating arms, and a metal film formed on at least one surface of the tuning portion.
- If the frequency of a tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece is not within a designated value, the metal film of the tuning portion for frequency adjustment is trimmed, but more miniaturized tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece has a smaller tuning portion so that the frequency adjustment may not perform well. According to the above-mentioned configuration according to the first aspect, frequency adjustable range becomes larger. So, frequency adjustment can be performed even miniaturized tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece constructed according to the first aspect.
- A tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece according to a second aspect of the disclosure is that a thickness of the excitation electrode film and a thickness of the metal film are the same. That is, although the thickness of the metal film of the tuning portion for frequency adjustment is not formed thick, frequency can be adjusted because frequency adjustable range is larger.
- A tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece according to a third aspect of the disclosure is that at a connection point of thickness from the vibrating arms to the tuning portion, a first width of the vibrating arms and a second width of the tuning portion are different, and the second width is wider than the first width.
- A tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece according to a fourth aspect of the disclosure is that the second width of the tuning portion has a constant width from the distal end of the tuning portion to the connection point.
- A tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece according to a fifth aspect of the disclosure is that the second width of the tuning portion is changed from the distal end of the tuning portion to the connection point.
- A tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece according to a sixth aspect of the disclosure is that from the distal end of the tuning portion to the connection point, the second width is proportional to the inverse number of the frequency adjustment amount per unit of the metal film.
- A tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece according to a seventh aspect of the disclosure is that the tuning portions are configured to oscillate in separate planes whereby said tuning portions do not touch during oscillation.
- When the width of tuning portion for frequency adjustment is formed wider, the frequency adjustable range can be larger, but it may also cause a collision of the tuning portions. With the configuration according to the seventh aspect, the tuning portions having wide width do not collide each other.
- A piezoelectric device according to an eighth aspect of the disclosure is comprised of the tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece according to any of preceding aspects, a lid plate covering the piezoelectric vibrating piece, and a base plate supporting the piezoelectric vibrating piece.
- A piezoelectric frame according to a ninth aspect of the disclosure is comprised of a pair of vibrating arms extending parallel from the base portion with a first thickness, a excitation electrode film formed from the base portion to the vibrating arms and exciting the vibrating arms, a pair of tuning portions for frequency adjustment formed on distal ends of the vibrating arms with a second thickness which is less than the first thickness of the vibrating arms, a metal film formed on at least one surface on the tuning portion, a pair of supporting arms extends parallel from the base portion with a first thickness at out side of the supporting arms, a frame portion connecting the supporting arms and surrounding the base portion and the vibrating arms.
- A tenth aspect of the disclosure relates to a manufacturing method of a tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece having a pair of vibrating arms extending parallel from the base portion with a first thickness comprising a first exposing step of exposing a profile of the tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece on a piezoelectric wafer having the first thickness by using a first mask corresponding to the profile of the tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece, a second exposing step of exposing the tuning portion for frequency adjustment formed on the distal end of the vibrating arms and grooves formed at a root portion of the vibrating arms on the piezoelectric wafer by using a second mask corresponding to the tuning portion for frequency adjustment and the grooves, a first etching step etching the piezoelectric wafer after the first exposing step, and a second etching step etching the piezoelectric wafer after the second exposing step.
- According to the above-mentioned configuration, the grooves of the vibrating arms and the tuning portions for frequency adjustment can be formed at once. Without adding extra steps, frequency of miniaturized tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece can be adjusted.
- A piezoelectric vibrating piece according to the present disclosure suppresses degradation of CI value (crystal impedance value) even after miniaturized and also has excellent characteristics. A piezoelectric device using this piezoelectric vibrating piece enables to meet a requirement of miniaturization.
- Several embodiments constructed according to aspects of the present disclosure will be explained below by reference to the figures.
-
FIG. 1A is a top view showing whole configuration of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 of first embodiment. -
FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along the A-A line ofFIG. 1A . -
FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view of a pair of vibratingarms 21 of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 taken along the B-B line. -
FIG. 2A shows the relation between the thickness D3 of thetuning portion 28 of the vibratingarms 21 for frequency adjustment and frequency adjustment amount. -
FIG. 2B shows the relation between the thickness of themetal film 18 of thetuning portion 28 for frequency adjustment and frequency adjustment amount. -
FIG. 3A shows the relation between the distance from the distal end of themetal film 18 of thetuning portion 28 for frequency adjustment and frequency adjustment amount. -
FIG. 3B is a partial enlarged top view of thetuning portion 28 for frequency adjustment formed based on the result ofFIG. 3A . -
FIG. 4A is a perspective view of the firstpiezoelectric device 100 -
FIG. 4B is a top view of the firstpiezoelectric device 100 where thefirst lid plate 5 is removed. -
FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view of the firstpiezoelectric device 100. -
FIG. 5A is a top view of the second tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20A. -
FIG. 5B is a top view of the third tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20B. -
FIG. 6A is a perspective view of the forth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20C. -
FIG. 6B is a simulated drawing of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment and the vibratingarms 21 seen from Y-direction. -
FIG. 7A is a top view of the fifth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20D. -
FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view taken along the D-D line ofFIG. 7A . -
FIG. 8A is a top view of the sixth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20E. -
FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of the seventh tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20F. -
FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing steps of profile forming of the first tuning-fork typepiezoelectric vibrating piece 20. -
FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing steps of forming thegroove 24 and the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment on the vibratingarms 21. -
FIG. 11 is a flow chart showing steps of forming of electrode patterns and packaging. -
FIG. 12A is a top view showing whole configuration of thecrystal frame 50. -
FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view taken along the E-E line of theFIG. 12A . -
FIG. 12C is a cross-sectional view taken along the F-F line of theFIG. 12B . -
FIG. 13A is a top view of thelid plate 10 made of a single crystal wafer. -
FIG. 13B is a top view of thecrystal frame 50 having the eighth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 30. -
FIG. 13C is a top view of thebase plate 40 made of a single crystal wafer. -
FIG. 13D is a simplified cross-sectional view taken along the G-G line ofFIG. 13 A before the each part of secondpiezoelectric device 110 is layered. -
FIG. 1A is a top view showing whole configuration of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 of a first embodiment.FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A ofFIG. 1A .FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view of a pair of vibratingarms 21 of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 taken along line B-B ofFIG. 1A . The base material of the first tuning-forkcrystal vibrating piece 20 is a Z-cut single crystal wafer. As shown inFIG. 1A , the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 is provided with abase portion 23 comprising a first base portion 23-1 and a second base portion 23-2 and a pair of vibratingarms 21 which is bifurcated and extends parallel from the first base portion 23-1 to the right side ofFIG. 1A .Tuning portions 28 for frequency adjustment are formed on the distal ends of vibratingarms 21. Connectingportions 27 are formed on thebase portion 23 in order to connect the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 to the single crystal wafer temporarily. - The first tuning-fork type
crystal vibrating piece 20 is very small and oscillates at 32.768 kHz. As seen fromFIG. 1A , the length L3 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment is shorter than of conventional art. For example, total length of a length L2 of vibratingarm 21 and the length L3 of the tuningportion 28 is about in a range of 1.20 mm to 1.50 mm, a length L1 of thebase portion 23 is about in a range of 0.20 mm to 0.50 mm, and the length L3 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment is about in a range of 0.40 mm to 0.45 mm. The entire length L0 of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 is about in a range of 1.50 mm to 2.00 mm. A width W1 of the first base portion 23-1 is about in a range of 0.34 mm to 0.50 mm, and a width W2 of the second base portion 23-2 is about in a range of 0.40 mm to 0.60 mm. - As shown in
FIG. 1B , a thickness D1 of thebase portion 23 and a thickness D4 of the vibratingarms 21 are in a range of 80 μm to 120 μm, a thickness D2 of the grooves is a range of 20 μm to 30 μm, and a thickness D3 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment is range of 20 μm to 80 μm. The thickness D1 of thebase portion 23 and the thickness D4 of the vibrating arms are equal. The thickness D3 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment can be the same thickness of the thickness D2 of the grooves. - On upper and lower surfaces of the vibrating
arms 21 of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20,respective grooves 24 are formed. Onegroove 24 is formed on one surface of one vibratingarm 21 yielding fourgrooves 24 are formed on the pair of vibratingarms 21. The depth ofgroove 24 is about 35% to 45% of the thickness of the vibratingarm 21. The width ofgroove 24 is about 65% to 85% of the width of the vibratingarm 21. If the width is more than 85%, strength of the vibrating arms is decreased. As shown inFIG. 1C , a cross-section of a vibratingarm 21 havinggrooves 24 on the upper and lower surfaces have a substantially H-shaped transverse profile. The length ofgroove 24 is 70% to 77% of the entire length of the vibratingarm 21. Thegroove 24 is formed in order to lower CI value because CI value increases as it is miniaturized. - The
base portion 23 of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 is formed in a board shape. A slit (not shown) can be formed between the first base portion 23-1 and the second base portion 23-2. With the slit, leakage of oscillation of the vibratingarms 21 to the second base portion 23-1 can be absorbed, including oscillation in a vertical direction which occurs when the vibrating arms oscillate. Also, even if the width of slit becomes narrower, the thickness of thebase portion 23 is thick enough so that it is not broken during manufacturing process and also it is resistant to impact or oscillation. Thebase portion 23 of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 is provided with two of connectingportions 27. The connectingportions 27 connect the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 and the single crystal wafer when the tuning-fork profile shown inFIG. 1A is formed by photolithography and wet etching. - As shown in
FIG. 1A , afirst base electrode 31 and asecond base electrode 32, and afirst excitation electrode 33 and asecond excitation electrode 34 are formed on thebase portion 23 and the vibratingarms 21 of the tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece. At the distal ends of the vibratingarms 21, the tuningportions 28 for frequency adjustment are formed on thebase portion 23 and the vibratingarms 21 of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20. The first andsecond base electrode second excitation electrode portion 28 for frequency adjustment are formed with the same thickness. The configuration is that 400 to 2000 angstroms of a gold (Au) layer is layered on 150 to 700 angstroms of chrome (Cr) layer. Instead of a chrome (Cr) layer, a titanium (Ti) layer can be used, and a silver (Ag) layer instead of a gold (Au) layer can be used. Themetal film 18 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment is formed to adjust frequency of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20. As shown inFIG. 1C , the first andsecond excitation electrode grooves 24 and side surfaces of the vibratingarms 21. -
FIG. 2A shows the relation between the thickness D3 of the tuningportion 28 of the vibratingarms 21 for frequency adjustment and frequency adjustment amount. The vertical axis shows the frequency adjustment amount, which is variability changed by trimming of the metal film of the tuning portion for frequency adjustment. The horizontal axis shows the thickness of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment. When the thickness and dimensions ofmetal film 18 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment are maintained constant and the thickness D3 of the tuningportion 28 is formed thick, the frequency adjustable range becomes smaller. This relation is a linear relation. When the thickness and dimensions ofmetal film 18 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment are maintained constant and the thickness D3 of the tuningportion 28 is formed thin, the frequency adjustable range becomes larger. Therefore, as the thickness of the D3 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment is formed thin, the frequency adjustment would be easier. - That is, the first tuning-fork type
crystal vibrating piece 20 shown inFIG. 1A has thin thickness D3 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment and a part of themetal film 18 formed on the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment is trimmed. Although the dimensions of themetal film 18 are small, the frequency adjustable range is large so that frequency can be adjusted to the predetermined frequency easily. Themetal film 18 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment can be formed only one side or on both sides. -
FIG. 2B shows the relation between the thickness of themetal film 18 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment and frequency adjustment amount. The vertical axis shows frequency adjustment amount and the horizontal axis shows the thickness of themetal film 18 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment. When the thickness of themetal film 18 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment is formed thick, the frequency adjustable range becomes larger. This relationship is a linear relation. - Although it is not particularly shown in
FIG. 1A , if themetal film 10 is formed thicker, the frequency adjustable range can be larger so that the frequency can be easily tuned to a predetermined frequency. -
FIG. 3A shows the relationship between the location of the tuningportion metal film 18 and the frequency adjustment amount. The curve ofFIG. 3A shows that tuningportion metal film 18 located at the distal end of the tuningportion 28 has a greater influence on the frequency adjustment amount than tuningportion metal film 18 located at the proximal end of the tuning portion 28 (adjacent the connection point P1) for a tuning portion configuration where the width and thickness of the tuningportion 28 are constant over the length of the tuning portion (as shown inFIG. 1B ). AsFIG. 3A shows, the frequency adjustment amount for each unit ofmetal film 18 is larger at the distal end of the tuningportion 28 and becomes smaller as the tuningportion 28 progresses toward the connection point P1 (and base portion 23) in an exponential relationship. In other words, the influence of a unit ofmetal film 18 on frequency adjustment increases exponentially with distance from thebase portion 23. Frequency adjustment is performed by using a laser beam to evaporate (sublimate or remove) some of themetal film 18 of the tuningportion 28. For example, when a side of the distal end of themetal film 18 is trimmed 10 μm, the frequency adjustment amount is about 600 Hz, but when the same amount of metal film is removed from a location adjacent the connection point P1 (base portion side) of themetal film 18, the frequency adjustment amount is about 50 Hz. -
FIG. 3B is a partial enlarged top view of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment formed based on the curve line shown inFIG. 3A . The side lines (Y-direction) of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment form curved lines from the distal end to the connection point P1. The connection point P1 is a point that the (first) thickness of the vibratingarms 21 changes to the (second/reduced) thickness of the tuningportion 28. The curved line of each side of the tuningportion 28 is a half slope of the curve shown inFIG. 3A . That is, width of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment is proportional to the inverse number of the frequency adjustment amount so that each unit of length A of the tuningportion 28 has a constant adjustment effect on the frequency adjustment amount. In other words, the exponential curve shown inFIG. 3A is reduced to half and applied to each side of the tuningportion 28. The resulting tuning portion configuration shown inFIG. 3B allows the resonant frequency of the tuning-fork type crystal vibration pieces to be adjusted in a linear fashion by removal ofmetal film 18 from the distal end of the tuningportion 28. By adjusting the frequency of the small-sized tuning-fork type crystal vibration pieces in a linear fashion, work efficiency would be improved. - The
first crystal device 100 of each embodiment of present invention is explained below by referring figures.FIG. 4A is a perspective view of the firstpiezoelectric device 100.FIG. 4B is a top view of the firstpiezoelectric device 100 where thefirst lid plate 5 is removed.FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view of the firstpiezoelectric device 100. For convenience for explanation, electrode shown inFIG. 1A is not illustrated. - The
first crystal device 100 which is surface-mount device type is comprised of aceramic package 60 having insulating property and afirst lid plate 5 made of glass and covering the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20. Thefirst lid plate 5 is formed of borosilicate glass or soda glass. Theceramic package 60 comprises a bottomceramic layer 60 a, aframe ceramic layer 60 b, and amount base 60 c. Theceramic package 60 is formed by layering and burning a plurality of base boards formed of ceramic green sheet made of mixture of aluminum oxide. As shown inFIG. 4C , thepackage 60 comprising a plurality of ceramic layers (60 a, 60 b and 60 c) forms acavity 54 and the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 is mounted in thecavity 54. - An electrode pattern is formed on the vibrating
arms 21 and thebase portion 23 of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20. A wiring pattern of thebase portion 23 has anadhesive area conductive adhesive 59. The tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 is bonded by the electrically conductive adhesive 59 and placed so as to be horizontal to the bottomceramic layer 60 a. - A
conductive wiring 81 conducting theadhesive area crystal vibrating piece 20 is formed on the surface of themount base 60 c. At least two ofexternal electrodes 82 formed on the bottom of theceramic package 60 act as external terminals when thefirst crystal device 100 is mounted on a surface of non-illustrated print board. Aninternal wiring 83 is an electrical conductive portion connecting theconductive wiring 81 and theexternal wiring 82.Adhesive 58 is applied on theframe ceramic layer 60 b. - For making the
ceramic package 60, the transparent glass-madefirst lid plate 5 is bonded by the adhesive 58 after the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 is mounted. Because the transparent glass-madefirst lid plate 5 is used for theceramic package 60, a laser beam can be irradiated from outside to a part of themetal film 18 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment within a vacuum state. By trimming the part of themetal film 18 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment with the laser light, frequency can be finely-adjusted by mass reducing method. After frequency adjustment and inspection, thefirst crystal device 100 is completed. -
FIG. 5 throughFIG. 8 show alternative examples whose shapes of tuningportion 28 and shapes of vibratingarms 21 are changed. The same numberings are used for the same members of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 and different numberings are used for different members. The cross sections of the second and third tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating pieces crystal vibrating piece 20 so that the drawings are omitted. The top views of sixth and seventh tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating pieces FIGS. 8A and 8B are omitted. -
FIG. 5A is a top view of the second tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20A of first alternative example. The tuningportions 28 for frequency adjustment of the vibratingarms 21 of the second tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece become wider in a constant width and form hammer-head portions. In order to acquire larger range of frequency adjustable amount, the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment is formed thinner. Thefirst excitation electrode 33 and thesecond excitation electrode 34 are formed on the upper, lower, and side surfaces of the pair of vibratingarms 21. Themetal film 18 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment is formed on the distal end. Thefirst excitation electrode 33 is connected to thefirst base electrode 31 and thesecond excitation electrode 34 is connected to thebase electrode 32. -
FIG. 5B is a top view of the third tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20B of second alternative example. As shown inFIG. 5B , the vibratingarms 21 extend from thebase portion 23 become narrower from theroot portion 26 toward the first connection point P1. Then, from the first connection point P1 situated at a constricted part, the vibratingarms 21 become suddenly wider toward the connection point P2 and after passing the connection point P2, the vibratingarms 21 become gradually wider within a range that both arms do not touch each other and form the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment having thinner profile. - Because the vibrating
arms 21 become narrower from the root portion toward the first connection point P1 situated at the constricted part and then become wider toward the distal end, dimensions ratio of the vibratingarms 21 and the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment become larger and large range of frequency adjustable amount can be acquired. The constricted portion on the vibratingarms 21 narrows the width of vibrating arms. Forming a constriction of thevibration arms 21 generate a synergistic effect with the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment, because the width of vibratingarms 21 become narrower. Also concentrated stress at root portion moves to the distal end of the vibratingarms 21, so oscillation leakage to the base portion can be reduced. Controlling the width of the first connection point P1 of the constriction portion suppresses CI value, prevents oscillation in second harmonic wave, and enables to oscillate stable fundamental wave. -
FIG. 6A is a perspective view of the fourth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20C of third alternative example. As it is shown, the tuningportions 28 for frequency adjustment are formed at the distal ends of the vibratingarms 21 extended from thebase portion 23. One of the tuningportions 28 is formed at upper half of the arm if it is seen from Y-direction and theother tuning portion 28 is formed at lower half of the arm if it is seen from Y-direction. As shown inFIGS. 5A and 5B , if the widths of tuningportion 28 are formed wide, they may collide easily each other when they are oscillated. Thus, there is a limit to the amount the width of the tuningportion 28 can be increased for frequency adjustment. However, the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment shown inFIG. 6A is formed at upper half and lower half respectively so that the tuningportions 28 having increased width do not collide when they oscillate. When they are seen from Z-direction, a part of each tuningportion 28 overlaps when oscillate. By forming the width of the tuningportion 28 wider, the dimensions of frequency adjustment become larger so that the forth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20C enables to obtain larger frequency adjustable range. -
FIG. 6B is a simulated drawing of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment and the vibratingarms 21 seen from Y-direction. Note that the metal film is not illustrated onFIG. 6B . - The pair of vibrating
arms 21 oscillates in the direction shown with arrows and the dotted lines show when the vibratingarms 21 oscillate toward the center CR. When the tuningportions 28 for frequency adjustment oscillate maximum, they overlap as shown with the area CR seen from Z-direction. If the tuningportion 28 is not formed at upper half and lower half on the vibratingarms 21 respectively, they collide each other. However, the tuningportion 28 is formed at upper half and lower half on the vibratingarms 21 respectively, the collision can be prevented. The tuningportions 28 are configured to oscillate in separated planes so they do not touch during oscillation. -
FIG. 7A is a top view of the fifth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20D of a fourth alternative example.FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view taken along the D-D line ofFIG. 7A . The cross section of D-D is not a cross section ofgrooves 24. The tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment of the vibratingarms 21 of the fifth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20D forms hammer-head portion with a constant width. - As shown in
FIG. 7B , the thickness D1 of thebase portion 23 is in a range between 80 μm to 120 μm, the thickness D4 of the vibratingarms 21 is in a range between 40 μm to 80 μm, and the thickness D3 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment is in a range between 20 μm to 50 μm. The thickness of thebase portion 23 is maintained with the thickness D1 up to thetop portion 26 of the root portion of the vibratingarms 21, and then the vibratingarms 21 extend up to the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment with the thickness D4. Thus, the surface of the vibratingarms 21 and thebase portion 23 are uneven. The thickness D4 of the vibratingarms 21 and the thickness D3 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment are different, and the surfaces of the tuningportion 28 and of the vibratingarms 21 are formed uneven. That is, the thicknesses are in relation of D1>D4>D3. Oscillation frequency can be lowered and larger range of frequency adjustable amount can be acquired by forming vibratingarms 21 and the tuningportion 28 having thinner thickness than the thickness D1 of thebase portion 23. -
FIG. 8A is a top view of the sixth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20E of a fifth alternative example.FIG. 8A is cross-section figure of D-D (except area of the grooves 24) as the same asFIG. 7A . A different point of the six tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20E and the fifth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20D is that the thickness D4 of the vibratingarms 21 and the thickness D3 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment of the sixth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20E are formed the same thickness. The thickness D4 and the D3 are formed thinner than the thickness D1. Although the depth ofgroove 24 of the vibratingarm 21 is shallow because the thickness D4 of the vibratingarm 21 is thin, larger range of the frequency adjustable range can be obtained. -
FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of the seventh tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20F of a sixth alternative example. The cross section of D-D is not a cross section ofgrooves 24 as same asFIG. 7A . The thickness D1 of thebase portion 23 and the thickness of D4 of the vibratingarms 21 of the seventh tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20F are formed the same thickness, but the thickness D4 of the vibratingarms 21 becomes thinner in a middle of the length. The thickness D4 becomes the same thickness of the thickness D3 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment in the middle of the length of the vibratingarm 21 toward distal end. The seventh tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20F can ensure the depth ofgroove 24 of the vibratingarm 21 so that CI value can be lowered and large range of the frequency adjustable range can be acquired. -
FIG. 9 throughFIG. 11 show flow-charts showing steps of profile forming of the first tuning-fork typepiezoelectric vibrating piece 20. -
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of profile forming steps of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 shown inFIG. 1 . - In step S102, a corrosion-resistant film is formed on entire surface of a crystal single wafer by a sputtering or deposition method. That is, when the single crystal wafer is used as a piezoelectric material, forming gold (Au) or silver (Ag) layer directly on the single crystal wafer is not easy, so a chrome (Cr) or titanium (Ti) layer is used as a substrate layer. In this embodiment, a double-layered metal film that a gold layer is layered on a chrome layer is used.
- In step S104, a photoresist film is applied evenly by spin coating method on the crystal wafer on which a chrome layer and a gold layer are formed. For the photoresist film, for example, a photoresist made of novolak resin can be used.
- Next in step S106, by using a non-illustrated exposure device, as a first exposing step, a non-illustrated pattern of first profile photo mask is exposed on the crystal wafer on which a photoresist film is applied. The pattern is exposed on both surfaces of crystal wafer so as to be wet-etched from both surfaces.
- In step S108, the pattern-exposed photoresist layer is developed, and the exposed photoresist is removed. Portions of the gold layer now revealed by removal of the exposed photoresist are etched using an aqueous solution of iodine and potassium iodide. Then, portions of the underlying chrome layer revealed by removing corresponding portions of the gold layer are etched using, for example, an aqueous solution of ceric di-ammonium nitrate and acetic acid. The concentrations of these etchants, etching temperature, and etching time are controlled to avoid over-etch. Completion of etching results in complete removal of the corrosion-resistance film from the revealed locations.
- In step S110, in a first etching step, portions of
crystal wafer 10 revealed by removal of the photo-resist film and corrosion-resistance film is etched by using hydrofluoric acid as etchant so as to become a profile of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20. This wet etching process takes various time depend on concentration, types or temperature of the hydrofluoric acid. - In step S112, the first tuning-fork type
crystal vibrating piece 20 is formed by removing unneeded photoresist film and metal film. Note that the single crystal wafer and the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 are connected by the connectingportion 27. The connectingportion 27 formed on thebase portion 23 connects the single crystal wafer and the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 and handles them together. Thus, a plurality of first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 can be formed and handled in one single crystal wafer. <Step of Forming Grooves and Tuning Portion for Frequency Adjustment> -
FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing steps of forming thegroove 24 and the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment on the vibratingarms 21. - In step S114, the first tuning-fork type
crystal vibrating piece 20 is washed by purified water, and then a corrosion-resist film is formed on entire surface of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 in order to formgrooves 24 and the tuningportions 28 for frequency adjustment. - In step S116, a photoresist film is applied by spraying on entire surface. Because profiles of the first tuning-fork type
crystal vibrating pieces 20 are already formed, the photoresist film is also applied on the side surfaces by spraying. - In step S118, as a second exposing step, a second photo mask corresponding to the
grooves 24 and the tuningportions 28 for frequency adjustment is prepared, and then it is exposed on the single crystal wafer on which the photoresist film is applied. Thegrooves 24 and the tuningportions 28 for frequency adjustment are needed to be formed on both surfaces of the vibratingarms 21, so the pattern is exposed on both surfaces of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20. - In step S120, the pattern-exposed photoresist layer is developed, and the exposed photoresist is removed. Portions of the gold layer now revealed by removal of the exposed photoresist are etched. Then, portions of the underlying chrome layer revealed by removing corresponding portions of the gold layer are etched. The concentrations of these etchants, etching temperature, and etching time are controlled to avoid over-etch. Completion of etching results in complete removal of the corrosion-resistance film from the revealed locations.
- In step S122, as a second etching step, etching of the
groove 24 and the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment is performed. That is, portions of crystal material revealed from the photoresist film corresponding to thegrooves 24 and the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment is etched so as to be profiles of thegrooves 24 and the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment. Half-etching is performed so as not to fully penetrate the wafer. - In step S124, unneeded photoresist film and metal film are removed. The
grooves 24 and the tuningportions 28 for frequency adjustment are already formed in the second etching step. -
FIG. 11 is a flow chart showing steps of forming of electrode patterns and packaging. - In step S126, the first tuning-fork type
crystal vibrating piece 20 is washed by purified water. Then, a metal film is formed on the entire surface of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 by a deposition or sputtering method in order to form excitation electrode and other electrodes as driving electrodes. - In step S128, a photoresist film is applied on entire surface by spraying.
- In step S130, a non-illustrated photo mask corresponding to the electrode pattern is prepared and the electrode pattern is exposed on the single crystal wafer on which a photoresist film is applied. This pattern is exposed both surfaces of the first tuning-fork type
crystal vibrating piece 20 because the electrode patterns are needed to be formed on both surfaces. - In step S132, after developing of photoresist film, exposed photoresist film is removed. Then remaining photoresist film becomes the photoresist film corresponding to the electrode pattern.
- Next, etching of metal film to be electrodes is performed. Portions of the gold layer now revealed by removal of the exposed photoresist are etched using an aqueous solution of iodine and potassium iodide. Then, portions of the underlying second chrome layer revealed by removing corresponding portions of the gold layer are etched by, for example, an aqueous solution of ceric di-ammonium nitrate and acetic acid.
- In step S134, the photoresist film is removed. After completion of those steps, the
base electrodes excitation electrodes metal film 18 of the tuningportion 20 for frequency adjustment are formed at right positions and right electrode width on the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20. - In step S136, after measuring frequency of individual first tuning-fork type
crystal vibrating piece 20 formed on the single crystal wafer, a laser beam is irradiated to themetal film 18 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment and the laser beam trims a part of the metal film until frequency becomes nominal target frequency f0. Because many of small first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating pieces 20 are formed on the single crystal wafer, frequency ofindividual piece 20 may be varied greatly. Even in such condition, the frequency adjustable range of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment having thin profile is large so that the frequency of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 can be close to nominal target frequency f0. Thus, numbers of first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 manufactured from one single crystal wafer increase so that yield ratio is also increased. According to this configuration, the thickness of themetal film 18 of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment is not needed to be thick, thus extra manufacturing steps and forming of expansive extra gold layer are not necessary, and cost can be reduced. - In step S138, the connecting
portion 27 of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 which is being frequency-adjusted is cut and removed from the single crystal wafer. - After completion of above-mentioned steps, the first tuning-fork type
crystal vibrating piece 20 where electrodes are formed is completed. In step S140, electrically conductive adhesive 59 is applied on themount base 60 c of theceramic package 60 shown inFIG. 2A . Then the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 is mounted on themount base 60 c. Particularly, the connectingareas base portion 23 of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 is mounted on the applied electrically conductive adhesive 59 and the adhesive 59 is harden temporarily. - In step S142, the
ceramic package 60 on which the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 is mounted is moved to a vacuum chamber and thefirst lid plate 5 is mounted on electrically conductive adhesive 59 to bond thefirst lid 5 and theceramic package 60. The electrically conductive adhesive 59 is now completely hardened to complete thefirst crystal device 100. - In step S144, a laser light is irradiated to the tuning
portion 28 for frequency adjustment of the vibratingarms 21 of the first tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 20 mounted on thefirst crystal device 100 to vapor/sublime the metal film formed on the tuningportion 28 and frequency adjustment can be performed. Finally, tests for such as driving characteristics of thedevice 100 are performed to complete thefirst crystal device 100. -
FIG. 12A is a top view showing whole configuration of thecrystal frame 50.FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view taken along the E-E line of theFIG. 12A .FIG. 12C is a cross-sectional view taken along the F-F line of theFIG. 12B . - As shown in
FIG. 12A , thecrystal frame 50 is comprised of an eighth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 30 having thebase portion 23 and the vibratingarms 21, thecrystal frame portion 29, the supportingarms 22, and the connectingportions 36. And they are formed integrally as the same thickness. Aspace 25 is formed between the eighth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 30 and thecrystal frame portion 29. Thecrystal frame 50 is further comprised of afirst base electrode 31 and asecond base electrode 32 on thecrystal frame portion 29, thebase portion 23, the supportingarms 22, and the connectingportions 36. The eighth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 30 is very small and oscillates at 32.768 kHz. - The
space 25 defining the profile of the eighth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 30 is formed by etching. The pair of vibratingarms 21 extends from thebase portion 23 in Y-direction. On the upper and lower surfaces of the vibratingarms 21,grooves 24 which are 40% to 65% of the width of vibrating arm are formed. Onegroove 24 is formed on one surface of one vibratingarm 21 yielding fourgrooves 24 are formed on the pair of vibratingarms 21. A cross-section of a vibratingarm 21 havinggrooves 24 on the upper and lower surfaces have a substantially H-shaped transverse profile. Thegroove 24 is formed in order to lower CI value of the eighth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 30. - The distal end of vibrating
arm 21 becomes wider with a constant width and forms a hammer-head portion. The shape of hammer-head portion makes the dimensions of the tuningportion 28 for frequency adjustment large. In order to acquire larger range of the frequency adjustable amount, the tuningportion 28 is formed with thickness D3 which is thinner than the thickness D1 of thebase portion 23. The thickness of the supportingarms 22, the connectingportion 36, and thecrystal frame portion 29 has the same thickness D1 of thebase portion 23. - The shape of tuning
portion 28 for frequency adjustment of the eighth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 30 can be the shape shown inFIG. 1A ,FIG. 3B orFIG. 5B besides the shape of hammer-head portion. Thefirst excitation electrode 33 and thesecond excitation electrode 34 are formed on the upper, lower, and side surfaces of the pair of vibratingarms 21. Thefirst excitation electrode 33 is connected to thefirst base electrode 31 and thesecond excitation electrode 34 is connected to thesecond base electrode 32. - The pair of supporting
arms 22 extends from thebase portion 23 in the same direction that the vibratingarms 21 extend (Y-direction) and connects to the connectingportions 36 and thecrystal frame portion 29. The pair of supportingarms 22 reduces oscillation leakage of the vibratingarms 21 to outside and affect of dropping impact or temperature change of outer side of the package. - As shown in
FIGS. 12B and 12C , the thickness D3 of the tuningportion 28 and the thickness D4 of the vibratingarms 21 of the eighth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 30 have the same thickness of the first tuning-forkcrystal vibrating piece 20 and have the same functions. The tuningportion 28 formed thinner is formed in a longer length than of conventional art in order to be a designated frequency. -
FIG. 13A through 13D are schematic views of thesecond crystal device 110 of second embodiment. Thesecond lid plate 10 and thebase plate 40 made of a single crystal wafer sandwich thecrystal frame 50 to form thesecond crystal device 10. -
FIG. 13A is a top view of thelid plate 10 made of a single crystal wafer.FIG. 13B is a top view of thecrystal frame 50 having the eighth tuning-fork typecrystal vibrating piece 30.FIG. 13C is a top view of thebase plate 40 made of a single crystal wafer.FIG. 13D is a simplified cross-sectional view taken along the G-G line ofFIG. 13 A before the each part of secondpiezoelectric device 110 is layered. - As shown in
FIG. 13A , thesecond lid plate 10 has aconcave portion 17 on a side facing thecrystal frame 50.FIG. 13B is the same ofFIG. 12A , so explanation will be omitted. - As shown in
FIG. 13C , thebase plate 40 has aconcave portion 47 on a side facing thecrystal frame 50. When theconcave portion 47 is formed, a first through-hole 41, a second through-hole 43, and stepportions 49 are formed at the same time. The first connectingelectrode 42 and the second connectingelectrode 44 are formed on the upper surface of thebase plate 40. - As shown in
FIGS. 13C and 13D , ametal film 15 is formed inside of the first and second through-hole metal film 15 is formed in the photolithography step as the first and second connectingelectrode metal film 15 is comprised of a gold (Au) or silver (Ag) layer formed on a chrome (Cr) layer. Thebase plate 40 is provided with a firstexternal electrode 45 and the secondexternal electrode 46 metalized on the bottom of thebase plate 40. The first connectingelectrode 42 is connected to the firstexternal electrode 45 formed on the bottom of thebase plate 40 via the first through-hole 41. The second connectingelectrode 44 is connected to the secondexternal electrode 46 formed on the bottom of thebase plate 40 via the second through-hole 43. - The
first base electrode 31 and thesecond base electrode 32 formed on the lower surface of thecrystal frame portion 29 are respectively connected to the first connectingelectrode 42 and the second connectingelectrode 44 formed on the upper surface of thebase plate 40. That is, thefirst base electrode 31 is electrically connected to the firstexternal electrode 45, and thesecond base electrode 32 is electrically connected to the secondexternal electrode 46. - As shown in simplified cross-sectional view of
FIG. 13D , thesecond lid plate 10 ofFIG. 13A , thecrystal frame 50 ofFIG. 13C , and thebase plate 40 are shown. The wafers are layered and bonded in a siloxane bonding manner to form thesecond crystal device 110. In actual manufacturing process, hundreds to thousands of crystal frames 50, ofsecond lid plates 10, and ofbase plates 40 are formed on each wafer respectively, and those three wafers are bonded to manufacture hundreds to thousands ofsecond crystal devices 110. - Surfaces of the
second lid plate 10, thecrystal frame 29, and thebase plate 40 are mirrored to bond in a siloxane bonding manner. Then short-wavelength ultraviolet light is irradiated to the bonding surfaces to activate the surfaces and the wafers are layered in oxygen containing atmosphere. The thickness of electrode (3000 Å to 4000 Å) may be a cause of failure. Thus, the surface corresponding to the first andsecond base electrode crystal frame 29 needs to have a concave portion having depth thicker than of the wiring electrode. The bonding surfaces are needed to be formed not to interfere the siloxane bonding. - After the siloxane bonding is finished, the first and second through-
hole second crystal device 110 are sealed. For example, germanium and gold alloy of sealingmaterial 57 is placed on the first and second through-hole material 57 is melted in a reflow furnace at about 200 C with a vacuum state or filled with inactive gas. Then, thesecond crystal device 100 where the package is in vacuum state or filled with inactive gas is formed. - The
second crystal device 110 of according to aspects of the disclosure is frequency adjusted (tuned) before thebase plate 40 and thecrystal frame portion 29 are siloxane-bonded. The frequency adjustment is performed by irradiating a laser light to themetal film 18 of the tuningportion 28 to vapor/sublime the metal film. - Representative embodiments are described above. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments can be modified or changed while not departing from the spirit and scope of them and/or of the appended claims. For example, for the piezoelectric vibrating piece, lithium niobate, or other piezoelectric single-crystal material can be used instead of quartz crystal.
Claims (19)
1. A tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece comprising:
a base portion comprising a piezoelectric material;
a pair of vibrating arms extends parallel from the base portion with a first thickness;
a excitation electrode film formed on the vibrating arms;
a tuning portion formed at the distal ends of the vibrating arms, said tuning portion having a second thickness which is less than the first thickness; and
a metal film formed on at least one surface of the tuning portion.
2. The tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the excitation electrode film and a thickness of the metal film are the same.
3. The tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece of claim 1 , wherein at a connection point of thickness from the vibrating arms to the tuning portion, a first width of the vibrating arms and a second width of the tuning portion are different and the second width is wider than the first width.
4. The tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece of claim 3 , wherein the second width of the tuning portion has a constant width from the distal end of the tuning portion to the connection point.
5. The tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece of claim 3 , wherein the second width of the tuning portion is changed from the distal end of the tuning portion to the connection point.
6. The tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece of claim 5 , wherein said second width is greatest at said connection point and is reduced per unit of distance from said connection point to the distal end of said tuning portion according to an exponential equation.
7. The tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece of claim 3 , wherein the tuning portions are configured to oscillate in separate planes whereby said tuning portions do not touch during oscillation.
8. A piezoelectric device comprising:
the tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece according to any of preceding claims;
a lid plate covering the piezoelectric vibrating piece; and
a base plate supporting the piezoelectric vibrating piece.
9. A piezoelectric frame comprising:
a pair of vibrating arms extends parallel from the base portion with a first thickness;
a excitation electrode film formed from the base portion to the vibrating arms and exciting the vibrating arms;
a pair of tuning portions at the distal ends of the vibrating arms, said tuning portion having a second thickness which is less than the first thickness;
a metal film formed on at least one surface o the tuning portion;
a pair of supporting arms extends parallel from the base portion with a first thickness at out side of the supporting arms;
a frame portion connecting the supporting arms and surrounding the base portion and the vibrating arms.
10. The piezoelectric frame of claim 9 , wherein a thickness of the excitation electrode film and a thickness of the metal film are the same.
11. The piezoelectric frame of claim 9 , wherein at a connection point of thickness from the vibrating arms to the tuning portion, a first width of the vibrating arms and a second width of the tuning portion are different and the second width is wider than the first width.
12. The piezoelectric frame of claim 11 , wherein the second width of the tuning portion has a constant width from the distal end of the tuning portion to the connection point.
13. The piezoelectric frame of claim 11 , wherein the second width of the tuning portion is changed from the distal end of the tuning portion to the connection point.
14. The piezoelectric frame of claim 13 , wherein said second width is greatest at said connection point and is reduced per unit of distance from said connection point to the distal end of said tuning portion according to an exponential equation.
15. The piezoelectric frame of claim 11 , wherein the tuning portions are configured to oscillate in separate planes whereby said tuning portions do not touch during oscillation.
16. A piezoelectric device comprising:
the piezoelectric frame according to the claim 9 ;
a lid plate covering the piezoelectric frame; and
a base plate covering the piezoelectric frame, wherein the lid plate and the base plate sandwich the piezoelectric frame.
17. A manufacturing method of a tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece or a piezoelectric frame having a pair of vibrating arms extends parallel from the base portion with a first thickness comprising:
a first exposing step of exposing a profile of the tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece or the piezoelectric frame on a piezoelectric wafer having the first thickness by using a first mask corresponding to the profile of the tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece or the piezoelectric frame;
a second exposing step of exposing the tuning portion for frequency adjustment formed on the distal end of the vibrating arms and grooves formed at a root portion of the vibrating arms on the piezoelectric wafer by using a second mask corresponding to the tuning portion for frequency adjustment and the grooves;
a first etching step of etching the piezoelectric wafer after the first exposing step; and
a second etching step of etching the piezoelectric wafer after the second exposing step.
18. A manufacturing method of claim 17 further comprising:
a metal film forming step of forming is a metal film on the entire surface of the piezoelectric wafer in order to form excitation electrodes; and
a third exposing step of exposing a profile of the excitation electrodes on the piezoelectric wafer by using a third mask corresponding to the profile of the excitation electrodes.
19. A manufacturing method of claim 18 further comprising:
an irradiating step of irradiating the metal film with a laser beam for frequency adjustment.
Priority Applications (1)
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US13/714,806 US8610338B2 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2012-12-14 | Tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece with enhanced frequency adjustment and piezoelectric device incorporating same |
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JP2008324891A JP4885206B2 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2008-12-22 | Tuning fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece and piezoelectric device |
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US13/714,806 Continuation US8610338B2 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2012-12-14 | Tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece with enhanced frequency adjustment and piezoelectric device incorporating same |
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US12/641,977 Abandoned US20100156237A1 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2009-12-18 | Tuning-Fork Type Piezoelectric Vibrating Piece and Piezoelectric Device |
US13/714,806 Expired - Fee Related US8610338B2 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2012-12-14 | Tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece with enhanced frequency adjustment and piezoelectric device incorporating same |
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US13/714,806 Expired - Fee Related US8610338B2 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2012-12-14 | Tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece with enhanced frequency adjustment and piezoelectric device incorporating same |
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JP (1) | JP4885206B2 (en) |
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US8610338B2 (en) | 2013-12-17 |
JP4885206B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
JP2010147954A (en) | 2010-07-01 |
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