US20100135461A1 - Biometric diagnosis - Google Patents

Biometric diagnosis Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20100135461A1
US20100135461A1 US12/520,740 US52074008A US2010135461A1 US 20100135461 A1 US20100135461 A1 US 20100135461A1 US 52074008 A US52074008 A US 52074008A US 2010135461 A1 US2010135461 A1 US 2010135461A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
sample
biological material
skin
ray
nail
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/520,740
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Veronica James
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2007900131A external-priority patent/AU2007900131A0/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of US20100135461A1 publication Critical patent/US20100135461A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/40—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4064—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis specially adapted for producing a particular type of beam
    • A61B6/4092—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis specially adapted for producing a particular type of beam for producing synchrotron radiation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
    • A61B6/483—Diagnostic techniques involving scattered radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
    • A61B6/508—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for non-human patients
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
    • G01N2223/612—Specific applications or type of materials biological material

Definitions

  • the invention described herein relates generally to a biometric diagnostic method.
  • the invention is directed to the use of skin or nails to detect neoplastic or neurological disorders, although the scope of the invention is not necessarily limited thereto.
  • the invention describes a test which provides early, low cost, totally non-invasive yet reliable tests, which could possibly be low-cost mass screening for neurological and neoplastic disorders, using samples of biological material which can be harvested at remote locations, which samples do not deteriorate with correct storage.
  • the invention provides a method of detecting neoplastic or neurological disorders in a subject, the method comprising exposing biological material of the subject to fibre X-ray diffraction, and detecting changes in the ultrastructure of the biological material, wherein the biological material is a skin or nail sample, and wherein when the biological material is a skin sample, the neoplastic disorder is not BRCA1-related breast cancer.
  • the invention provides an instrument when used in the method of the first embodiment, the instrument comprising: an X-ray source producing a beam of X-radiation; a sample stage for positioning the biological sample within the beam; a detector for detecting scattering of the X-ray beam; and a display means associated with the detector for displaying the output of the detector, whereby diffraction patterns of related output are displayed for interpretation.
  • the neoplastic disorder when the biological material is a skin sample, can be any disorder which causes a measurable change in the ultrastructure of the sample.
  • the method is particularly accurate for detecting the presence of prostate cancer and melanoma in a subject, using a skin sample.
  • the neoplastic disorder can be any disorder which causes a measurable change in the ultrastructure of the sample.
  • the method is particularly accurate for detecting the presence of breast and colon cancers in a subject, using a nail sample.
  • the neurological disorder can be any disorder which causes a measurable change in the ultrastructure of the sample.
  • the method is particularly accurate for detecting the presence of Alzheimer's disease in a subject.
  • the skin and nail samples can be obtained by any practicable means.
  • skin biopsy samples are obtained by routine methods and are placed immediately in pathological saline and stored at ⁇ 20° C. until required.
  • the samples can be mounted to the sample stage in any practicable manner.
  • the skin samples are mounted using sutures attached to the sides, stretched slightly to remove the crimp, in cells specially designed to maintain 100% humidity. An analysis of the resulting films enables the presence of prostate cancer or melanoma to be determined.
  • nail samples are cut from nail clippings.
  • the sample size is preferably about 1 mm square to enable the X-ray beam to fit entirely within the sample.
  • the nail samples have minimal curvature over the length.
  • the samples can then be mounted on the ends of microtubules and exposed to finely focused X-ray beams of sufficient intensity, such as those from fixed tube, fine-focus generators, rotating-anode generators and synchrotron sources.
  • finely focused X-ray beams of sufficient intensity such as those from fixed tube, fine-focus generators, rotating-anode generators and synchrotron sources.
  • the X-ray source used in the invention can be any appropriate X-ray source, but preferably must produce monochromatic X-rays within the energy range of 5 to 30 keV. Radiation from synchrotron sources is well suited for this work but radiation from rotating anode generators and fine focussed X-ray sources can also be used with appropriately longer exposure times.
  • the X-ray diffraction is preferably carried out using a monochromatic X-ray source facility such as a low angle synchrotron facility, for example BL15A, Photon Factory, Tsukuba with an X-ray wavelength between 0.06 and 0.20 nm.
  • a monochromatic X-ray source facility such as a low angle synchrotron facility, for example BL15A, Photon Factory, Tsukuba with an X-ray wavelength between 0.06 and 0.20 nm.
  • An incident flux at the specimen of approximately 8 ⁇ 10 10 photons per sec can be generated when the Photon Factory storage ring is operated at 25 GeV with a beam current of 145 mA.
  • the X-ray patterns can be recorded on Fuji BAS III Imaging plates.
  • Exposure time for the skin samples can be any time long enough to obtain meaningful results, but is preferably between 20 s and 5 minutes. At 3 rd generation synchrotrons such as the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne USA the exposure time is reduced to 1 to 10 s. An exposure time on rotating generators and fine focused X-ray generators is typically 15 minutes to 24 hours.
  • APS Advanced Photon Source
  • Argonne USA the exposure time is reduced to 1 to 10 s.
  • An exposure time on rotating generators and fine focused X-ray generators is typically 15 minutes to 24 hours.
  • Sample to imaging plate distances can be any practicable distance, but are preferably 200 mm to 3000 mm. 1000 mm is common on BioCAT, APS, 800 mm on ChemMatCARS (APS), 400 mm on BL15A (Photon Factory) and 200 mm on rotating anodes.
  • Background removal can be achieved by use of standard packages such as FIT2D, MATHEMATICA and IRAFSAO.
  • the meridional data can be analyzed using a Bragg analysis; the equatorial data can be analyzed using appropriate Bessel Functions.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the X-ray analysis system of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of sample mounting arrangements.
  • FIG. 3 is an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained from skin of a healthy subject.
  • FIG. 4 is an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained from the skin of a patient with prostate cancer.
  • FIG. 5 is an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained from the skin of a patient with melanoma.
  • FIG. 6 is an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained from nail of a healthy subject.
  • FIG. 7 is an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained from the nail of a patient with nonBRCA1-related breast cancer.
  • FIG. 8 is an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained from the nail of a patient with colon cancer.
  • FIG. 9 is an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained from the nail of a patient with Alzheimer's disease.
  • Fibre diffraction requires samples containing numerous fibres which are arranged in a regular array of parallel planes. The greater the number of planes, the better will be the final patterns obtained.
  • skin is comprised of three layers. Of these the dermis is the middle layer and is also the thickest of the three layers (1.5 to 4 mm thick), making up approximately 90% of the thickness of the skin.
  • the dermis is held together by a protein called collagen which is a tough, insoluble protein found throughout the connective tissues of the body.
  • the lower, reticular layer of the dermis is thicker and made of thick collagen fibres that are aligned parallel to the surface of the skin, making it ideal for fibre diffraction.
  • Anatomically fingernails and toenails are made of hard ⁇ -keratin and are produced from living skin cells in the fingers and toes as a hard, curved plate.
  • the free edge is the part of the nail that extends past the finger or toe, beyond the nail plate.
  • the ⁇ -keratin fibres are arranged parallel to the free edge. This makes nails suitable for diffraction work.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a system for analyzing fibres according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 A finely focussed collimated monochromatic x-ray beam ( 1 ) is diffracted from the sample ( 2 ), and passes through the window ( 3 ) of an evacuated flight tube ( 4 ), and exits through a window at the other end of the flight tube as diffracted rays ( 5 ), to reach the detecting device ( 7 ).
  • the beam ( 1 ) is centered within the sample ( 2 ) and small enough to fit entirely within the sample.
  • the direct beam is very strong and would damage the detector.
  • the direct beam is therefore intercepted by a beam-stop ( 6 ), which allows the much weaker diffracted beam to reach and be focussed at the imaging plate or detector ( 7 ).
  • the path between the sample ( 2 ) and the detecting device (image plate) ( 7 ) is evacuated to prevent loss of intensity by scatter from the atmosphere.
  • Sample ( 2 ) to imaging plate ( 7 ) distances are as described above.
  • the X-ray patterns ( 8 ) are recorded on both Fuji BasIII Imaging plates and also on electronic detectors. Exposure time for the skin and for nail samples depends on sample and beam-line but varies from 5 seconds to 20 minutes.
  • Samples are prepared in the following manner ( FIG. 2 ).
  • Small punch biopsy samples of skin ( 9 ) are attached by sutures ( 10 ) and mounted in cells which can maintain 100% humidity throughout exposure to the X-ray beam.
  • microtubules Small “crystallite” sections of nails ( 11 ) (approximately 1 ⁇ 2 mm in size) are cut from nail clippings and mounted on the ends of microtubules ( 12 ). These microtubules are then firmly held in place on a grooved plate.
  • the inventor has found that normal skin and nails of all post-partum persons so examined yielded distinctive repeatable patterns which varied only slightly over the age range from 3 months to 80 years.
  • a typical synchrotron pattern for normal skin is given in FIG. 3 and that for normal nails is given in FIG. 6 .
  • the meridional pattern arises from repeat collagen helical lattice in the direction of stretch of the skin sample or from the helical arrangements of keratin in the nails, the samples being mounted in the longer direction of the beam.
  • the equatorial pattern (horizontal) reflects the cylindrical packing arrangement of the intermediate filaments perpendicular to the beam.
  • the relevant changes consisted of rings of different diameters superimposed on the normal pattern for nail. Based on the accepted ⁇ -keratin D-spacing of 46.7 ⁇ 0.3 nm, obtained from the 91 st order of this lattice and using the first order only of the relevant extra ring, the relative spacing of the additional rings in real space is 4.71 ⁇ 0.05 nm for breast cancer and 4.53 nm for colon cancer and for Alzheimer's disease an additional equatorial cone of intensity superimposed on the normal keratin pattern for nail.
  • the present invention will find wide applicability in the medical and veterinary fields, particularly in the area devoted to detecting the propensity of a subject to neoplastic and neurological disorders, including prostate cancer, colon cancer, melanoma, breast cancer and Alzheimer's disease.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
US12/520,740 2007-01-12 2008-01-03 Biometric diagnosis Abandoned US20100135461A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2007900131A AU2007900131A0 (en) 2007-01-12 Using fingernails to diagnose neoplastic and neurological diseases
AU2007900131 2007-01-12
AU2007903706 2007-07-09
AU2007903706A AU2007903706A0 (en) 2007-07-09 Diagnostic test for prostate cancer using fibre diffraction of skin
PCT/AU2008/000005 WO2008083430A1 (en) 2007-01-12 2008-01-03 Biometric diagnosis

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2008/000005 A-371-Of-International WO2008083430A1 (en) 2007-01-12 2008-01-03 Biometric diagnosis

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/533,327 Continuation US8553840B2 (en) 2007-01-12 2012-06-26 Biometric diagnosis

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20100135461A1 true US20100135461A1 (en) 2010-06-03

Family

ID=39608251

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/520,740 Abandoned US20100135461A1 (en) 2007-01-12 2008-01-03 Biometric diagnosis
US13/533,327 Expired - Fee Related US8553840B2 (en) 2007-01-12 2012-06-26 Biometric diagnosis

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/533,327 Expired - Fee Related US8553840B2 (en) 2007-01-12 2012-06-26 Biometric diagnosis

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US20100135461A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2084518A4 (de)
JP (1) JP2010515886A (de)
KR (1) KR20090108605A (de)
CN (1) CN101680850A (de)
AU (1) AU2008204719B2 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0806202A2 (de)
CA (1) CA2674559C (de)
IL (1) IL199807A (de)
NZ (2) NZ577744A (de)
WO (1) WO2008083430A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210072169A1 (en) * 2018-03-27 2021-03-11 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research A non-invasive and remote method to screen cancer

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011000020A1 (en) * 2009-06-12 2011-01-06 Sbc Research Pty Ltd Enhanced method of detection
CN102235985A (zh) * 2010-04-30 2011-11-09 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 肿瘤早期预警装置及其工作方法
US11313815B2 (en) * 2016-11-23 2022-04-26 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research In vitro method for detecting active mycobacterium tuberculosis using hair small angle x-ray scattering profile
AT520381A1 (de) * 2017-09-13 2019-03-15 Anton Paar Gmbh Röntgenvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Kleinwinkelstreuung
JP7209187B2 (ja) * 2019-03-04 2023-01-20 日本メナード化粧品株式会社 Ｘ線回折を利用した皮膚コラーゲン線維構造の老化度評価法
CN113520427B (zh) * 2021-07-13 2023-11-24 上海科技大学 一种利用x射线检测皮肤状态的装置、方法、存储介质和处理设备

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6718007B1 (en) * 1998-12-10 2004-04-06 Fiberscan Pty Ltd. Using hair to screen for breast cancer

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE447610T1 (de) * 2003-05-26 2009-11-15 Biotie Therapies Corp Kristalliner vap-1 und verwendung
CA2470768A1 (en) * 2003-07-07 2005-01-07 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag Crystal structure of osc
CA2547460A1 (en) * 2003-11-28 2005-06-09 Haishan Zeng Multimodal detection of tissue abnormalities based on raman and background fluorescence spectroscopy
JP4612355B2 (ja) * 2004-08-13 2011-01-12 純一 千川 毛髪又は体毛によるカルシウム代謝異常の検出方法
TW200816960A (en) * 2006-06-29 2008-04-16 Fermiscan Australia Pty Ltd Improved method
TW200801513A (en) * 2006-06-29 2008-01-01 Fermiscan Australia Pty Ltd Improved process

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6718007B1 (en) * 1998-12-10 2004-04-06 Fiberscan Pty Ltd. Using hair to screen for breast cancer

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210072169A1 (en) * 2018-03-27 2021-03-11 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research A non-invasive and remote method to screen cancer
US11561187B2 (en) * 2018-03-27 2023-01-24 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research Non-invasive and remote method to screen cancer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NZ577744A (en) 2012-03-30
EP2084518A4 (de) 2014-04-16
CN101680850A (zh) 2010-03-24
WO2008083430A1 (en) 2008-07-17
AU2008204719A1 (en) 2008-07-17
US8553840B2 (en) 2013-10-08
KR20090108605A (ko) 2009-10-15
IL199807A (en) 2014-01-30
JP2010515886A (ja) 2010-05-13
AU2008204719B2 (en) 2011-01-06
NZ598558A (en) 2013-08-30
EP2084518A1 (de) 2009-08-05
BRPI0806202A2 (pt) 2011-08-30
US20130077753A1 (en) 2013-03-28
IL199807A0 (en) 2010-04-15
CA2674559C (en) 2017-01-24
CA2674559A1 (en) 2008-07-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8553840B2 (en) Biometric diagnosis
US8515002B2 (en) X-ray dark-field imaging system and method
US20130182824A1 (en) Sample analysis system
CN102625910A (zh) 用于使用多射束成像从具有多色分布的x射线射束检测对象的图像的系统和方法
US20130195328A1 (en) Method of reconstructing a biological tissue image, and method and apparatus for acquiring a biological tissue image
US6718007B1 (en) Using hair to screen for breast cancer
CN105852895A (zh) 单次曝光的硬x射线光栅干涉仪的信息提取新方法
Wagermaier et al. Understanding Hierarchy and Functions of Bone Using Scanning X‐ray Scattering Methods
James A place for fiber diffraction in the detection of breast cancer?
James Fiber diffraction of skin and nails provides an accurate diagnosis of malignancies
Zhou et al. Human glioma tumors detection by a portable visible resonance Raman analyzer with a hand-held optical fiber probe
James Biometric diagnosis
Schroer et al. Attempts to replicate the claim of James' at NSLS beam line X12B
RU2210986C2 (ru) Молекулярная структурная медицинская диагностика
JP2007024630A (ja) 癌検出方法
Maziar et al. Detection of breast cancer using non-invasive X-ray diffraction technique of hair: A preliminary study
Pereira et al. Imaging system for XRF microtomography at LNLS-Brazil
Tang et al. Imaging performance in differential phase contrast CT compared with the conventional CT-noise equivalent quanta NEQ (k)
US20080177520A1 (en) Characterising Biological Tissues
Rogalinski X-Ray Tomography on Intestine Samples
Buckley A study of the adaptation of the mechanical properties of bone material using Raman spectroscopy

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION