US20100110360A1 - Method of alignments of liquid crystal employing magnetic thin films - Google Patents

Method of alignments of liquid crystal employing magnetic thin films Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100110360A1
US20100110360A1 US12/000,561 US56107A US2010110360A1 US 20100110360 A1 US20100110360 A1 US 20100110360A1 US 56107 A US56107 A US 56107A US 2010110360 A1 US2010110360 A1 US 2010110360A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
thin film
alignment
magnetic thin
substrate
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Abandoned
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US12/000,561
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English (en)
Inventor
Ru-Pin Chao
Hsin-Ying Wu
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National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University NYCU
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National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University NYCU
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Assigned to NATIONAL CHIAO TUNG UNIVERSITY reassignment NATIONAL CHIAO TUNG UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHAO, RU-PIN, WU, HSIN-YING
Priority to US12/076,809 priority Critical patent/US7728936B2/en
Publication of US20100110360A1 publication Critical patent/US20100110360A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
    • G02F1/133784—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by rubbing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133742—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers for homeotropic alignment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133753—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle
    • G02F1/133761—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle with different pretilt angles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to alignments of liquid crystal; more particularly, relates to obtaining an alignment effect of a non-contact multi-domain alignment for a liquid crystal layer by using a transparent magnetic thin film obtained through a direct-current (DC) ion-beam sputter.
  • DC direct-current
  • cracks generation may damage the structures of devices.
  • a residual static charge may be obtained on the PI surface and thus damage the electric circuit underneath.
  • Multi-domain alignment is one of the methods to solve the viewing angle problems of the LCDs.
  • it is difficult to obtain the multi-domain alignment by using the mechanical rubbing on the surfaces with dimension in sub-millimeter scale.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to obtain a magnetic thin film through sputtering on a substrate of a liquid-crystal (LC) cell by a DC ion-beam sputter and to obtain a liquid crystal alignment through a film formation of the transparent magnetic thin film.
  • LC liquid-crystal
  • a second purpose of the present invention is to provide a homeotropic alignment of liquid crystal molecules by the transparent magnetic thin film and to provide a homeotropic or homogeneous alignment having a pretilt angle by rubbing the transparent magnetic thin film, where magnetic properties are changed by controlling conditions for depositing the transparent magnetic thin film; and a magnitude of pretilt angle and an alignment mode are changed by controlling rubbing conditions.
  • the third purpose of the present invention is to obtain wide applications with a simple procedure and to provide high transmittance, hardness and insulation by an equipment with a DC or alternating-current (AC) type plasma source, where the transparent magnetic thin film is magnetic and a non-contact multi-domain alignment is obtained with no extra procedure required for alignment treatment.
  • AC alternating-current
  • the present invention is a method of alignments of liquid crystal employing magnetic thin films, comprising steps of: (a) obtaining a substrate of indium-tin oxide coated with a transparent conductive thin film; (b) sputtering on the substrate by a DC ion-beam sputter to obtain a transparent magnetic thin film; and (c) assembling an LC cell with the substrate to obtain a liquid crystal alignment by the transparent magnetic thin film in the LC cell, or, to further obtain a homeotropic or homogeneous alignment having a pretilt angle through rubbing. Accordingly, a novel method of alignments of liquid crystal employing magnetic thin films is obtained.
  • FIG. 1 is the flowchart showing the preferred embodiment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is the structural view showing the DC ion-beam sputter
  • FIG. 3 is the structural view showing the LC cell
  • FIG. 4 is the view showing the hysteresis loops
  • FIG. 5 is the view showing the curves of transmittance
  • FIG. 6 is the view showing the comparison of the polar anchoring strengths
  • FIG. 7 is the view showing the relationship of the film thickness to the net magnetic moment.
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 are a flowchart showing the preferred embodiment according to the present invention; and structural views showing a direct-current (DC) ion-beam sputter and a liquid crystal (LC) cell.
  • DC direct-current
  • LC liquid crystal
  • the present invention is a method of alignments of liquid crystal employing magnetic thin films, comprising the following steps:
  • substrate 11 A substrate 31 coated with a transparent conductive thin film (Indium-tin oxide, ITO) 32 is obtained, where the substrate 31 is a glass or an optical device.
  • ITO transparent conductive thin film
  • the substrate 31 is then sputtered in and by a DC ion-beam sputter 2 , where the DC ion-beam sputter 2 comprises a vacuum chamber 21 ; a cathode 22 ; a grounded anode 23 ; a DC power supply 24 ; a cathode target 25 , which is mounted on the cathode and is made of a stainless steel material; an exhaust pipe line 26 ; a gas inflow pipe line 27 ; and an anode circulating cooling system 28 .
  • the DC ion-beam sputter 2 comprises a vacuum chamber 21 ; a cathode 22 ; a grounded anode 23 ; a DC power supply 24 ; a cathode target 25 , which is mounted on the cathode and is made of a stainless steel material; an exhaust pipe line 26 ; a gas inflow pipe line 27 ; and an anode circulating cooling system 28 .
  • the substrate 31 is laid flat on a surface of the anode 23 , and a working gas is filled into the vacuum chamber 21 through the gas inflow pipe line 27 .
  • a DC potential drop is applied between the cathode 22 and the anode 23 through the DC power supply 24 .
  • a temperature is controlled below 250 Celsius degrees for the sputtering and an adjustable high energy ion beam is used to bombarding a surface of the cathode target 25 . After sputtering for to 10 minutes (min), a film formation is obtained by reacting iron ions with oxygen on a surface of the anode 23 .
  • cooling water enters into the anode 23 through a cooling water inflow pipe line 281 of the anode circulating cooling system to absorb the heat generated at the anode 23 by the bombardment. Then the heat is carried out of the DC ion-beam sputter 2 through a cooling water outflow pipe line 282 of the anode circulating cooling system 28 .
  • a transparent magnetic thin film is coated on the transparent conductive thin film of the substrate.
  • the DC ion-beam sputter 2 can be replaced by an alternating-current (AC) ion beam sputter for generating a DC plasma source 4 or an AC plasma source;
  • the working gas is a mixed gas, comprising argon, nitrogen and oxygen;
  • an ion beam energy in the DC ion-beam sputter 2 is higher than 700 volts (V); and
  • an ion beam current density in the DC ion-beam sputter 2 is higher than 255 micro-amperes per square centimeter ( ⁇ A/cm 2 ).
  • (c) Assembling LC cell 13 Two substrates 31 after sputtering are obtained, comprising a first substrate 31 a having a first transparent conductive thin film 32 a ; and a second substrate 31 b having a second transparent conductive thin film 32 b .
  • a liquid crystal layer 34 is sandwiched between the first substrate 31 a and the second substrate 31 b , where the transparent magnetic thin film is sandwiched between the first substrate 31 a and the liquid crystal layer 34 to form a first alignment layer 33 a ; and the transparent magnetic thin film is sandwiched between the second substrate 31 b and the liquid crystal layer 34 to form a second alignment layer 33 b .
  • the liquid crystal layer is surrounded by filling a spacer to assembly a liquid crystal (LC) cell.
  • a liquid crystal alignment is formed by a magnetic field generated by the first and the second alignment layers 33 a , 33 b in the LC cell.
  • the liquid crystal layer 34 has a liquid crystal material designed for use in a homeotropic or homogeneous alignment mode.
  • the substrate 31 coated with the transparent conductive thin film 32 is cut to obtain a preferred size and is cleansed. Then the substrate 31 is put into the DC ion-beam sputter 2 .
  • a mechanical vacuum pump is used to lower a vacuum amount of the vacuum chamber 21 to 30 milli-Torr (mTorr). Then the working gas is filled into the vacuum chamber through the gas inflow pipe line 27 to obtain 65 mTorr for the vacuum amount of the vacuum chamber 21 .
  • a negative DC bias of 1120V is applied at the cathode 22 and the vacuum amount of the vacuum chamber 21 is maintained at around 70 mTorr.
  • An ion beam current density of 255 ⁇ A/cm 2 is obtained for a film formation of the magnetic film on the substrate 31 at a coating rate of 212 angstroms per minute ( ⁇ /min).
  • a magnetic thin film is then obtained on the substrate 31 through sputtering.
  • two substrates 31 after sputtering as described above, comprising the first substrate 31 a and the second substrate 31 b , are obtained, where the liquid crystal layer 34 is made of a material of a liquid crystal with a negative dielectric anisotropy (MLC-6608) or a positive dielectric anisotropy (K15).
  • the LC cell 3 is assembled with the above structure using a spacer 35 having a thickness of 6 micro-meter ( ⁇ m) to 23 ⁇ m.
  • a homeotropic alignment for the liquid crystal layer 34 is obtained by the first and the second alignment layers 33 a , 33 b of the LC cell 3 .
  • a homeotropic or homogeneous alignment for the liquid crystal layer 34 is further obtained with a pretilt angle greater than 1 degree)(°) by rubbing treatment, where the pretilt angle prevents multi-domain alignments.
  • a pretilt angle greater than 1 degree)(°) by rubbing treatment, where the pretilt angle prevents multi-domain alignments.
  • conditions for depositing film and rubbing conditions are controlled. For example, a thin film is sputtered for 30 minutes and then is rubbed to obtain a pretilt angle greater than 4° for the homeotropic or homogeneous alignment.
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are views showing hysteresis loops and curves of transmittance.
  • a transparent magnetic thin film according to the present invention is made of an inorganic material having an iron oxide composition with ferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism like y-ferric oxide.
  • aging by outside environment, like ultra violet, temperature, humidity, etc. is prevented.
  • the transparent magnetic thin film after sputtering for 30 min has ferrimagnetism.
  • a hysteresis loop 51 at a room temperature of 300 Kelvin (K) and a hysteresis loop 52 at a temperature of 10 K are shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the transparent magnetic thin film has a high transmittance at the visible band between 400 nanometer (nm) and 700 nm.
  • the transparent magnetic thin film with a thickness of 63.6 nm has a good alignment effect up to 95% as shown in a curve of transmittance 61 .
  • the transparent magnetic thin film with a thickness of 212 nm still has an alignment effect up to 90% as shown in another curve of transmittance 62 .
  • the transparent magnetic thin film according to the present invent has a high transmittance at the visible band and thus is available to liquid crystal display. And, the characteristic of large hardness and nonconductivity of the transparent magnetic thin film provide good isolation between a driving circuit of thin-film-transistor array and the liquid crystal layer.
  • FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 are a view showing a comparison of polar anchoring strengths and a view showing a relationship of film thickness to net magnetic moment.
  • a measurement and a comparison are made to alignment abilities of different transparent magnetic thin films with different film thicknesses and a DMOAP surfactant thin film.
  • a measurement driven by an electric field and a measurement driven by a magnetic field are processed to measure the polar anchoring strengths of surface alignment layers.
  • transparent magnetic thin films obtained according to the present invention have polar anchoring strengths reaching that of a traditional DMOAP, even better.
  • a thin film having a bigger film thickness, no matter normal to a film surface 71 or parallel to the film surface 72 is shown to have a small magnitude of net magnetic moment.
  • a room temperature coercive field measured in the direction normal to the surface of transparent magnetic thin film is greater than 100 Oersted (Oe); and that measured in the direction parallel to the surface of transparent magnetic thin film is greater than 50 Oe.
  • the surface anchoring strength of the alignment layer which is the transparent magnetic thin film according to the present invention, is controllable by choosing a different magnetic strength of the thin film or a liquid crystal material having a different anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility ( ⁇ X).
  • a transparent magnetic thin film made with a DC ion-beam sputter according to the present invention provides liquid crystal molecules a homeotropic alignment.
  • the transparent magnetic thin film is rubbed to provide a homeotropic or homogeneous alignment with a pretilt angle.
  • the magnetic properties of transparent magnetic thin film are controllable by controlling conditions for film depositions, like an ion beam energy, an ion beam current density, a composition of working gas and a coating time; and, a magnitude of a pretilt angle and an alignment mode are changed by controlling rubbing conditions. Accordingly, the present invention is widely available with a simple procedure.
  • the present invention is used in equipment with a DC or AC type plasma source while providing high transmittance, hardness and insulation. And, the transparent magnetic thin film obtained according to the present invention has potential uses in the applications of non-contact multi-domain alignment without extra procedure for alignment treatment, yet with a low cost.
  • the present invention is a method of alignments of liquid crystal employing magnetic thin films, where a transparent magnetic thin film obtained through a DC ion-beam sputter has high transmittance, hardness and insulation; and magnetic properties of the thin film are changed through controlling conditions for depositing film and controlling rubbing conditions to further change a magnitude of a pretilt angle and an alignment mode of liquid crystal molecules; and a non-contact multi-domain alignment is obtained through a simple procedure with a low cost while no extra procedure is required for alignment treatment.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
US12/000,561 2007-09-20 2007-12-13 Method of alignments of liquid crystal employing magnetic thin films Abandoned US20100110360A1 (en)

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TW096135213A TW200914951A (en) 2007-09-20 2007-09-20 Horizontal and vertical alignment method of liquid crystals employing magnetic thin films
TW096135213 2007-09-20

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110085106A1 (en) * 2009-10-09 2011-04-14 Sony Corporation Alignment film and method of manufacturing the same, phase difference device and method of manufacturing the same, and display unit

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW200914951A (en) * 2007-09-20 2009-04-01 Univ Nat Chiao Tung Horizontal and vertical alignment method of liquid crystals employing magnetic thin films
CN102478734B (zh) * 2010-11-22 2016-06-22 斯坦雷电气株式会社 液晶用的取向膜制造方法、液晶元件的制造方法、液晶用的取向膜制造装置、液晶元件
CN102654671B (zh) * 2011-11-14 2014-09-10 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 液晶显示器及其制作方法
CN104020594B (zh) * 2014-05-30 2016-08-31 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种显示面板、显示装置及显示面板的制作方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7184116B2 (en) * 2000-07-28 2007-02-27 Au Optronics Corporation LCD having an alignment film comprising sintered carbon
US7728936B2 (en) * 2007-09-20 2010-06-01 National Chiao Tung University Method of alignments of liquid crystal employing magnetic thin films

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7184116B2 (en) * 2000-07-28 2007-02-27 Au Optronics Corporation LCD having an alignment film comprising sintered carbon
US7728936B2 (en) * 2007-09-20 2010-06-01 National Chiao Tung University Method of alignments of liquid crystal employing magnetic thin films

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110085106A1 (en) * 2009-10-09 2011-04-14 Sony Corporation Alignment film and method of manufacturing the same, phase difference device and method of manufacturing the same, and display unit
US8383212B2 (en) * 2009-10-09 2013-02-26 Sony Corporation Alignment film and method of manufacturing the same, phase difference device and method of manufacturing the same, and display unit

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Publication number Publication date
TWI356953B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 2012-01-21
US7728936B2 (en) 2010-06-01
TW200914951A (en) 2009-04-01
US20090079929A1 (en) 2009-03-26

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