US20100050691A1 - Glass melting oven - Google Patents

Glass melting oven Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20100050691A1
US20100050691A1 US12/514,318 US51431807A US2010050691A1 US 20100050691 A1 US20100050691 A1 US 20100050691A1 US 51431807 A US51431807 A US 51431807A US 2010050691 A1 US2010050691 A1 US 2010050691A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
fuel
furnace
burner
injectors
injector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/514,318
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Ward
Neil Fricker
Richard Stanley Pont
Thierry Ferlin
Stephane Maurel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Engie SA
Original Assignee
GDF Suez SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GDF Suez SA filed Critical GDF Suez SA
Assigned to GDF SUEZ reassignment GDF SUEZ ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PONT, RICHARD STANLEY, FRICKER, NEIL, WARD, JOHN, FERLIN, THIERRY, MAUREL, STEPHANE
Publication of US20100050691A1 publication Critical patent/US20100050691A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/235—Heating the glass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F23C6/047—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure with fuel supply in stages
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combustion process for melting glass, as well as mainly to a glass melting furnace for implementation of this process, but the invention can also be applied to other types of high temperature furnaces.
  • Most types of glass, and in particular plate glass and container glass, are manufactured by melting of raw materials in large melting furnaces producing a few tens to a few hundred metric tons of glass per day and per unit.
  • the fuel used in such furnaces is generally natural gas or fuel oil, although other fuels can also be used.
  • Certain furnaces also use electricity to increase production (electric boosting).
  • High temperature furnaces typically 1,500° C., but sometimes higher) are necessary for the melting.
  • Optimal furnace temperature conditions are obtained by pre-heating the combustion air (typically up to 1,000° C., but sometimes higher).
  • the heat required for pre-heating the combustion air is transmitted by the waste gases, which is generally effected by using reversible regenerators. This approach enables one to obtain a high degree of thermal efficiency combined with high melting rates.
  • Cross-fired furnaces in these furnaces, which have a melting surface area generally greater than 70 m e and which operate with a reversal of the direction of the flame approximately every 20-30 min, the heat contained in the waste gases is recovered in regenerators made up of stacks of refractory bricks. The cold combustion air is pre-heated during its passage through the regenerators (rising air), while the hot waste gases leaving the furnace are used to re-heat other regenerators (descending waste gases). These furnaces, with an output sometimes greater than 600 t/day and which are used for manufacturing plate glass and container glass, are great energy consumers.
  • the diagram of cross-fired furnace operation is presented in FIG. 1 .
  • End-fired furnaces in these furnaces, the flame (sometimes called a horseshoe flame) describes a loop. These furnaces operate with recovery of the heat of the waste gases by stacks forming regenerators which deliver it to the combustion air. The diagram of the operation of this type of furnace is presented in FIG. 2 .
  • the fuel is injected into the furnace into or near the air stream leaving the regenerator.
  • the burners are designed to produce high temperature flames with good radiative qualities so as to obtain an efficient heat transfer.
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • the main avenue of NOx formation is the “thermal” avenue in which the NOx are produced in zones of the furnace where flame temperatures are greater than 1,600° C. Beyond this threshold, the formation of NOx increases exponentially with the flame temperature.
  • the combustion techniques generally used in melting furnaces for creating very radiative flames such as those mentioned in the preceding induce high flame temperatures (with maxima greater than 2,000° C.) and have the consequence of generating NOx emissions much higher than those accepted in numerous countries of the world.
  • the waste gases become less efficient in transferring heat to the glass bath by radiation.
  • the transfer of heat by radiation from the flame to the glass bath can be increased to a significant degree if a way is found to increase the temperature of the combustion products still present in the melting chamber.
  • Low-NOx burners There are several types of “low NOx” burners on the market, that is to say burners which enable reducing the NOx emissions even when used alone. However, their performances do not always enable obtaining the necessary reduction levels for compliance with European regulations or those in force in other countries around the world. More particularly, the following types of burners are encountered:
  • Double impulse burners These burners produce a low gas speed at the root of the flame so as to reduce the temperature of the flame in the zone where the majority of the NOx is generated.
  • the burners also increase the luminosity of the flame, which promotes a lowering of the temperature of the flame front by increasing the radiative transfer of heat to the glass bath.
  • Ultra-low speed injection of the gas Injections of fuel gas at very low speeds (less than 30 m/s) are used with special burners cooled by water circulation in order to minimize the local temperature of the flame and to increase its luminosity.
  • the efficiency of this type of burner in terms of NOx reduction depends greatly on the design of the furnace.
  • This technique uses conventional burners for injection of the fuel and reduction of the flow of combustion air through the air stream in order to create conditions of excess fuel and to introduce the rest of the comburant in another location of the furnace in order to complete oxidation of the fuel.
  • This method which can drastically reduce NOx emissions, is nevertheless difficult to implement and expensive to use since it requires pure oxygen or ducts for introducing air at temperatures higher than 1,000° C. in order to be thermally efficient (staging of the comburant in cold air would induce a reduction of energy efficiency). Examples of this staging technique are:
  • Air staging Diverting the hot combustion air coming from the regenerators by using an ejector towards the combustion chamber in the direction of the waste gases so as to produce complete combustion. This method requires the use of heat-insulated ducts and cold air for directing the ejector, hence a loss of thermal efficiency. This technique has only been used on end-fired furnaces, and mainly in Germany.
  • Oxygen-enriched air staging or OEAS for Oxygen Enriched Air Staging: The combustion air entering the air stream is introduced with an insufficient flow for complete combustion in order to create sub-stoichiometric conditions, and pure oxygen or oxygen enriched air is injected at the rear of the furnace towards the flow of waste gases so as to complete combustion in the recirculation zone of the furnace.
  • the OEAS injectors are generally installed in underport position separately from the burners. This technique has been applied successfully in end-fired furnaces and in cross-fired furnaces, and mainly in the United States.
  • the patent WO 97/36134 discloses a device with line burners. This device makes it possible to stage the fuel within the air stream.
  • the fuel supplied to the furnace is divided in two, and a portion is injected upstream of the burner directly into the hot combustion air.
  • This methodology does not use an injection of fuel directly into the combustion chamber as in the present invention.
  • the technique uses an injection of fuel but always coupled with an injection of air.
  • This technique reduces the NOx emissions by injecting additional fuel into the combustion chamber so as to create a “reducing atmosphere” in the combustion chamber.
  • the reducing atmosphere converts the NOx formed in the flame into nitrogen and oxygen.
  • the NOx produced in the high temperature flame front are reduced in a second step.
  • This process uses an over-consumption of fuel in order to reduce the NOx, and its application can lead to an increase of the temperatures in the regenerators and in time to degradation of the regenerators.
  • 3R process Reaction and Reduction in Regenerators; patented process of the Pilkington company
  • the gas is injected at the chamber roof so as to consume any excess air and to produce reducing conditions in the regenerators situated at the outlet of the furnace, resulting in the conversion of the NOx into nitrogen and oxygen. Since an excess of gas must be used, it is consumed in the lower part of the regenerators where the air is infiltrated or injected. The additional heat generated is often recovered by boilers.
  • it is common to operate the furnace with the lowest possible excess air. This technology enables achieving the NOx reduction levels imposed by the current regulations, and even to exceed them. Generally, 5-15% of the total fuel consumption of the furnace is necessary for implementation of the 3R process.
  • the reducing atmosphere in the regenerators is often the cause of problems with the refractory material composing them.
  • Selective catalytic reduction or SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
  • SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
  • This method uses a platinum catalyst for reacting the NOx with ammonia or urea so as to reduce the NOx into N 2 and water.
  • the process has to take place at a specific temperature and requires precise control of the ammonia in order to avoid accidental pollution-generating discharges. Since this reaction occurs on the surface, large surface areas of catalyst are necessary, involving relatively large installations.
  • the chemical process is relatively complex and demanding in terms of control and maintenance. Very high NOx reduction levels are attained; however, the contamination of the catalysts by the waste gases loaded with particles coming from the glass melting furnace poses problems of clogging and corrosion. After a certain length of time, the catalysts have to be replaced at considerable cost.
  • the aim of the invention is thus to propose a process and means making it possible to remedy all of the above disadvantages.
  • the invention must make it possible to reduce the NOx emissions while increasing the temperatures of the surrounding waste gases within the furnace (the NOx emissions produced in these zones are very low). Moreover, the invention must make it possible to maintain or even increase the transfer of heat to the glass bath as well as the yield of the furnace.
  • the aim of the invention is attained with a combustion process for melting glass according to which two fuels, of the same nature or of different natures, are introduced into a melting chamber at two locations a distance away from one another in order to distribute the fuel in the melting chamber for the purpose of limiting the NOx emissions, with combustion air being supplied at only one of the two locations.
  • the aim of the invention is also attained with a glass melting furnace which has a tank for receiving the glass to be melted and holding the bath of melted glass, with, above the glass, walls respectively forming a front wall, a rear wall, side walls and a roof and constituting a melting chamber, also called a combustion chamber, as well as at least one intake for hot combustion air (the combustion air intake also being called an “air stream”), for example, at the outlet of a regenerator, at least one outlet for hot waste gases, and at least one burner for introducing a first fuel into the melting chamber.
  • a glass melting furnace which has a tank for receiving the glass to be melted and holding the bath of melted glass, with, above the glass, walls respectively forming a front wall, a rear wall, side walls and a roof and constituting a melting chamber, also called a combustion chamber, as well as at least one intake for hot combustion air (the combustion air intake also being called an “air stream”), for example, at the outlet of a regenerator, at least one outlet for hot
  • the melting furnace moreover has at least one injector for injecting a second fuel into a zone of the melting chamber which is a distance away from the burner and between the roof and a horizontal plane situated at a level higher than or equal to a horizontal plane passing through a lower edge of the intake for hot combustion air, the injector being adjustable in terms of flow in a complementary manner with respect to the burner so that it is possible to inject up to 100% of the total of the first and second fuels used by the injector and the burner, regardless of whether the first and second fuels are of the same nature or of different natures.
  • said horizontal plane delimiting the zone of injection of the second fuel is situated between the roof and a horizontal plane whose distance from the glass bath is greater than or equal to the minimum height of the air stream in the melting chamber.
  • the term “burner” exclusively designates a means for injecting and burning the first fuel, while the term “injector” exclusively designates a means for injecting and burning the second fuel.
  • the burner could also be called a “burner,” and the injector then would have to be called an “auxiliary burner.”
  • auxiliary burner such language would weigh down the present text and would be a source of errors.
  • the front wall is that which bears the burner or burners
  • the rear wall is the oppolocation wall
  • the side walls are the other two walls.
  • the present definition applies in a similar manner to the corresponding wall sections.
  • any indication of the number of burners or injectors in a melting furnace according to the invention is given purely as an example and in no way presumes a particular embodiment of such a furnace.
  • the principle of the present invention is just as valid when a melting furnace according to the invention has a single burner and a single injector as when it has several, and not necessarily an equal number of burners and injectors.
  • the burners present on a traditional furnace are kept. They are supplemented by one or more injectors, making it possible to introduce into the melting chamber, in one or more zones a distance away from the burners, either another fuel or a fraction of the same fuel as that introduced by the burners.
  • This injection is sometimes called auxiliary—as opposed to an additional injection, for example, in afterburning—because its purpose is not to increase the fuel quantity or flow rate but rather to better distribute or spread the quantity of fuel necessary for the quantity and type of glass to be melted and thus to obtain a better heat transfer towards the glass to be melted, while at the same time reducing the NOx emissions.
  • This arrangement of the invention which is furthermore just as valid when the first and the second fuels are of the same nature as when they are of different natures, is moreover the basis for the so-called “complementary” method of adjusting the flow rate of the injectors indicated above.
  • the flow rate of the second fuel is varied as a function of the flow rate of the first fuel so that when the burner does not introduce all of the fuel necessary for melting the glass, the rest is introduced by one (or more) injector(s) arranged a distance away from the burner and if necessary a distance away from one another, in regions or zones of the furnace where the second fuel will mix initially with the re-circulated combustion products, that is to say coming from the burner or burners and therefore having a low oxygen content, before igniting in contact with the hot combustion air not consumed by the flame of the burner or burners.
  • the burner operates in an excess of air, that is to say that the burner introduces less first fuel than the flow rate of combustion air would permit. This lowers the temperature of the flame of the burner with respect to temperatures that the flame would have under stoichiometric conditions, and thus reduces the NOx emission.
  • the combustion products fill the combustion chamber and are therefore present at the location or at all the locations where an injector is placed for introducing the second fuel.
  • the introduction of the second fuel it is first diluted by the products of combustion of the first fuel and then ignites with the arrival of the combustion air not consumed by the combustion of the first fuel.
  • the distance of the zones (for arrangement of the injectors) away from the burner or burners depends, for example, on the geometric data of the furnace and therefore on the time that it takes for the waste gases to arrive at the injector: the injector must be sufficiently far from the burner to allow the waste gases to arrive at the injector and to mix with the second fuel before the non-consumed combustion air from combustion of the first fuel arrives and ignites the second fuel.
  • the arrangement of one or more injectors with respect to the burner(s) of a glass melting furnace according to the present invention leads to a gradual combustion of the fuel introduced in these regions or zones, producing an increase of the temperature of the waste gases in these fuel rich zones, as well as to an increase of heat transfer to the glass bath.
  • the aim of the invention is also attained with a process for operating a glass melting furnace which has a melting tank for receiving the glass to be melted and holding the bath of melted glass, with, above the glass, walls forming a melting chamber, at least one intake for hot combustion air, at least one outlet for hot waste gases as well as at least one burner and at least one injector for respectively injecting a first fuel and a second fuel into the chamber.
  • a first fuel and a second fuel are injected into the furnace by the burner(s) and injector(s), the injector(s) being arranged on a different wall or on different walls from that on which the burner(s) is (are) positioned and being a distance away from the burner or burners, and the burner(s) and the injector(s) are adjusted in a complementary manner so that the total of the first and second fuels used by injector(s) ( 4 ) and burner(s) ( 1 ) corresponds for the most part to the total flow used normally on the furnace, regardless of whether the first and second fuels are of the same nature or of different natures.
  • the fraction of the fuel which is introduced as second fuel, or the quantity of a second fuel different from the first, is determined for each furnace, and can range up to the entire quantity of fuel.
  • the combustion air not used by the burner remains available for combustion of the second fuel introduced by the injector.
  • the potential injection points can be situated on the side and rear walls of the furnace and on the wall forming the roof.
  • the center of the roof which, in the case of the traditional rectangular shapes of glass melting furnaces, is a transverse line of symmetry or a longitudinal line of symmetry of the roof with respect to a reference direction given by the direction of the burner flame, can be particularly advantageous for injection of the second fuel, because by choosing this location it is possible to reduce by two the number of injectors necessary for execution of the invention.
  • the selection of the injection points, of the direction of the jets coming out of the injector and of the speed of these jets is essential for the success of this combustion technique.
  • the most suitable positions as well as the geometry of the injectors have to be identified for each melting furnace.
  • the speed and the direction of introduction of the second fuel have an influence on the result obtained by implementation of the various arrangements of the invention.
  • these two characteristics are determined during design of the device.
  • An error in determination of the position of the injectors or of their geometry can not only compromise the efficiency of the combustion technique but can also lead to a lowering of the furnace yield as well as to an increase of the temperature of the refractory regenerators. In extreme cases, premature shutdown of the furnace can occur.
  • the most favorable locations for the injectors and the directions and speeds of fuel injection, but also clear indications as to the injector geometries which risk being counterproductive, are advantageously determined using models obtained by computations and tests. Such models are based on a combination of physical and mathematical modeling techniques and take into consideration the technical constraints imposed by the construction of each furnace.
  • the adoption of the most favorable auxiliary combustion configuration suggested by the modeling results in NOx emissions much lower than those generated by combustion methods different from those of the invention, and without this being done at the cost of lowering the furnace yield.
  • the auxiliary fuel ratio is adjusted to obtain a compromise between furnace efficiency and level of NOx emissions.
  • the model makes it possible to adjust the auxiliary fuel ratio to avoid any hot spot as well as any cold spot on the internal surfaces of the furnace. Particular care should be taken to avoid:
  • Such models make it possible, for a cross-fired furnace, for example, to determine the injection position situated in the roof and in the center for a burner as being one of the most favorable for intended reduction of the NOx emissions, with an injected secondary fuel ratio that can vary as a function of the emission level limits that need to be achieved for this burner.
  • a great advantage of symmetrical injection in the roof with respect to lateral injection is the use of the same injectors for the flame on the left and the flame on the right.
  • the number of burners to be equipped with an injector can vary as a function of the overall level of NOx reduction to be achieved for the furnace.
  • the auxiliary injections in the roof should preferably occur in a zone situated between the roof and a horizontal plane whose distance from the glass bath is greater than or equal to the minimum height of the air stream.
  • the injections should occur, symmetrically or not, on both sides of the furnace. Locating the injection point(s) optimally is done by use of a model, since end-fired furnaces can differ from one another, mainly because of the width/length ratio of the furnace.
  • the auxiliary combustion technique of the invention can also be used on other types of glass melting furnace (for example, Unit-Melter furnaces or recuperator furnaces), as well as on furnaces other than glass melting furnaces.
  • the fuel injected by auxiliary routes is natural gas for furnaces supplied with natural gas or fuel oil
  • the use of various fuels such as biogas, hydrogen, LPG and fuel oil is not excluded.
  • the injectors can be equipped with a system of rotation (swirler) making it possible to control the shape of the flame independently of the flow rate of secondary fuel so that it is possible to inject up to 100% of the total of the fuel used by the injector(s) and the burner(s) without affecting the glass bath.
  • the injectors can be equipped with a device making it possible to adjust the impulse of the fuel (double impulse) independently of the flow rate of secondary fuel so that it is possible to inject up to 100% of the total of the fuel used by the injector(s) and the burner(s) without affecting the glass bath.
  • the injectors can have a non-circular shape or can have multi-jets in order to adjust the shape of the flame without affecting the glass bath.
  • a modified melting furnace In a modified melting furnace according to the invention, reduction of the nitrogen oxides contained in the combustion products is obtained by using the combination of the burners already present on the furnace along with auxiliary injections of fuel in the zones of re-circulation of the waste gases of said furnace.
  • the injections are made according to one or more jets situated in optimal locations on the furnace which are defined by using a methodology based on digital simulation, which can be coupled or not with the representation of the flows by a mock-up of the furnace.
  • the plane of the injections can be parallel, perpendicular or transverse to the surface of the glass bath.
  • the invention can be applied in the domain of reduction of the nitrogen oxides by primary method in glass melting furnaces.
  • the invention makes it possible:
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 represent two types of melting furnaces used before the invention
  • FIG. 3 represents a cross-fired melting furnace according to the invention in the form of a horizontal section indicating the zone of the auxiliary injections;
  • FIG. 4 represents, in a diagram, the NOx levels as a function of the distribution of power between the burners and the associated injectors;
  • FIG. 5 represents a diagrammatic view of a furnace according to the invention in the form of a vertical section indicating an auxiliary injection zone example
  • FIG. 6 represents, in a diagram, a comparison of the levels of NOx and CO obtained in a furnace with and without use of the invention
  • FIG. 7 represents, in a diagram, temperature levels obtained in a furnace with and without use of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 represents, in a diagram, a comparison of heat transfers obtained with and without use of the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 each very diagrammatically represent two types of glass melting furnaces that are traditionally used, namely a cross-fired regenerative furnace and an end-fired furnace. Both types of furnaces have a rectangular base bound by four walls, of which the two walls extending in the lengthwise direction of the furnace are in this case called the side walls and of which the other two walls are called the transverse walls. At the top, both furnaces are bounded by a roof.
  • burners 1 are arranged in side walls 2 and operate alternately on one side and then the other for approximately 20-30 min per side.
  • Cold combustion air A is pre-heated in two heat recuperators R, namely in an alternating manner according to the rhythm of operation of the burners, in that one of the two recuperators which is near the burners in operation.
  • the resulting waste gases F then re-heated in that one of the two recuperators R which is remote from the burners in operation.
  • burners 1 are arranged in transverse wall 3 .
  • the range of the flame of each of burners 1 is such that, under the influence of the oppolocation transverse wall, the end of each of the flames describes a loop.
  • the cold combustion air is pre-heated in a part of regenerator R with several chambers before being directed as hot combustion air AC towards the burners.
  • the resulting waste gases are then directed towards the other regenerator in order to re-heat it.
  • the flames are directed approximately parallel to the surface of glass bath B.
  • FIG. 4 represents, in a diagram indicating the NOx level achieved as a function of the power distribution between burner 1 and injectors 4 , the results obtained in a semi-industrial test furnace (or a test cell). It should be noted more particularly that the NOx emission level decreases with the increase of the portion of fuel injected through the secondary injectors.
  • FIG. 5 once again represents the end-fired furnace of FIG. 2 , but in this case with indication of zone IN in which, according to the invention: the secondary fuel injections must occur in a defined space above the flames, that is to say between roof V and horizontal plane P whose distance from glass bath B is greater than or equal to the minimum height of air stream VA, that is to say in a zone of the melting chamber which is a distance away from the burner and situated between the roof and horizontal plane P situated at a level higher than or equal to a horizontal plane passing through the lower edge of the hot combustion air inlet.
  • auxiliary injections advantageously but not necessarily take place symmetrically on both sides of the furnace.
  • the injectors are arranged in a zone corresponding at least approximately to a central zone with respect to the burners that are arranged in the side walls of the furnace and that operate in an alternating manner or simultaneously.
  • Tests have been done with such a furnace with a unit power of the under-port burners of 1.03 MW with an angle of injection to the burner of 10°, an air factor of 1.1, a pre-heated air temperature of 1,000° C. and a furnace temperature of 1,500° C.
  • the results are represented in FIGS. 4 , 6 , 7 and 8 .
  • FIG. 6 represents, in the form of a diagram, the levels of CO and NOx with 8% oxygen for different distributions of power between a burner and one or more allotted injectors, the injector or injectors being arranged in the roof of the furnace.
  • FIG. 7 represents, in the form of a diagram, the temperature levels of the roof for different methods of operation of the furnace, namely in the case of a single burner and in the case of a burner with an injector that injects between 30 and 100% of the fuel. It is observed that the process does not bring about any overheating of the roof.
  • FIG. 8 represents, in the form of a diagram, the heat flows transmitted to the load without and with secondary injection.
  • the heat flow is highest in the case of secondary injections of between 30 and 80% of the fuel.
  • FIG. 6 represents, in the form of a diagram, the levels of NOx and CO of a furnace without and with auxiliary injection ranging up to 100% of the fuel. It is observed that the levels of NOx decrease when the auxiliary fuel portion increases. As for the CO levels, they gradually increase with the auxiliary fuel portion but in completely tolerable proportions.
  • a compromise therefore has to be reached between the NOx and CO levels and the yield.
  • this compromise is reached with a fuel flow rate of between 50 and 70% of the total flow rate.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
US12/514,318 2006-12-15 2007-12-14 Glass melting oven Abandoned US20100050691A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0655571A FR2909994B1 (fr) 2006-12-15 2006-12-15 Four de fusion de verre
FR0655571 2006-12-15
PCT/FR2007/052518 WO2008074961A2 (fr) 2006-12-15 2007-12-14 Four de fusion de verre

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FR2007/052518 A-371-Of-International WO2008074961A2 (fr) 2006-12-15 2007-12-14 Four de fusion de verre

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/584,231 Division US9517960B2 (en) 2006-12-15 2012-08-13 Process of operating a glass melting oven

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20100050691A1 true US20100050691A1 (en) 2010-03-04

Family

ID=38198269

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/514,318 Abandoned US20100050691A1 (en) 2006-12-15 2007-12-14 Glass melting oven
US13/584,231 Active US9517960B2 (en) 2006-12-15 2012-08-13 Process of operating a glass melting oven

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/584,231 Active US9517960B2 (en) 2006-12-15 2012-08-13 Process of operating a glass melting oven

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (2) US20100050691A1 (es)
EP (2) EP3241808B1 (es)
JP (1) JP2010513181A (es)
CN (1) CN101588995B (es)
BR (1) BRPI0718352B1 (es)
DK (1) DK2091872T3 (es)
ES (2) ES2942643T3 (es)
FR (1) FR2909994B1 (es)
HU (2) HUE044736T2 (es)
LT (1) LT2091872T (es)
MX (1) MX2009006175A (es)
PL (1) PL2091872T3 (es)
PT (1) PT2091872T (es)
RU (1) RU2473475C2 (es)
SI (1) SI2091872T1 (es)
TR (1) TR201909675T4 (es)
WO (1) WO2008074961A2 (es)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110185769A1 (en) * 2006-11-17 2011-08-04 Kuang-Tsai Wu Reducing crown corrosion in a glassmelting furnace
US20120164588A1 (en) * 2010-12-23 2012-06-28 Rauch Edwin L Reverse Flow Regenerative Apparatus and Method
US20130091898A1 (en) * 2011-04-07 2013-04-18 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for melting meltable stock
US10577270B2 (en) 2015-03-05 2020-03-03 Stg Combustion Control Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for controlled operation of a heated, in particular regeneratively heated, industrial furnace, open-loop and closed-loop control unit, and heatable industrial furnace

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102923933B (zh) * 2012-11-28 2015-01-14 秦皇岛玻璃工业研究设计院 玻璃熔窑梯度增氧助燃方法及专用的梯度增氧助燃系统
CN104061585B (zh) * 2013-06-28 2017-08-18 蚌埠凯盛工程技术有限公司 平板玻璃熔窑双燃料混合燃烧自动控制系统
CN104456616B (zh) * 2013-09-24 2017-01-25 湖南巴陵炉窑节能股份有限公司 一种蓄热式燃烧设备的控制方法
FR3025732B1 (fr) * 2014-09-15 2019-05-31 Pyro Green Innovations Procede et installation de vitrification en continu de materiaux fibreux
US10184659B2 (en) * 2015-04-15 2019-01-22 Praxair Technology, Inc. Low-NOx combustion method
PL3283823T3 (pl) * 2015-04-16 2020-01-31 Praxair Technology, Inc. Sposoby spalania dla strumienia paliwa o niskiej prędkości
CN105627297A (zh) * 2016-02-17 2016-06-01 无锡顺鼎阿泰克科技有限公司 煤焦油天然气混用全氧窑炉燃烧控制系统
LT3431446T (lt) 2017-07-21 2020-06-10 Engie Deginimo būdas, naudojamas medžiagoms, tokioms kaip stiklas, lydyti voninėje lydymo krosnyje
PL3431447T3 (pl) 2017-07-21 2020-09-21 Engie Sposób topienia surowców takich jak szkło poprzeczno-płomiennym piecem do topienia
CN108800957B (zh) * 2018-05-31 2019-09-06 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 快速熔铝炉节能燃烧及余热回收系统
PL3722671T3 (pl) * 2019-04-11 2022-02-07 Hertwich Engineering Gmbh Sposób ciągłego opalania komór spalania z co najmniej trzema palnikami regeneracyjnymi
CN110045702A (zh) * 2019-04-23 2019-07-23 蚌埠中光电科技有限公司 一种tft玻璃窑炉生产工艺模拟及参数调整评价方法
WO2023196020A1 (en) * 2022-04-04 2023-10-12 Selas Heat Technology Company Llc Methods for providing enhanced staged oxygen control oxygen combustion and devices thereof
WO2023199910A1 (ja) * 2022-04-15 2023-10-19 日本電気硝子株式会社 ガラス物品の製造方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4496306A (en) * 1978-06-09 1985-01-29 Hitachi Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd. Multi-stage combustion method for inhibiting formation of nitrogen oxides
US5893940A (en) * 1997-05-05 1999-04-13 Ppg Industries, Inc. Reduction of NOx emissions in a glass melting furnace
US20040079113A1 (en) * 2000-12-14 2004-04-29 Frank Hegewald Method for measurement and regulation of quality-determining parameters for the raw smelt in glass furnaces

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4347072A (en) * 1980-11-21 1982-08-31 Ishizuka Glass Co., Ltd. Method and device for reducing NOx generated in glass-melting furnace
US4599100A (en) * 1985-04-01 1986-07-08 Ppg Industries, Inc. Melting glass with port and melter burners for NOx control
JPH05180409A (ja) * 1991-12-30 1993-07-23 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd 高温加熱炉に於ける燃焼方法
JPH05180410A (ja) * 1991-12-30 1993-07-23 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd 高温加熱炉に於ける低ＮＯｘ燃焼方法
AU667977B2 (en) * 1992-11-27 1996-04-18 Pilkington Glass Limited Glass furnaces
GB9224852D0 (en) * 1992-11-27 1993-01-13 Pilkington Glass Ltd Flat glass furnaces
JPH08208240A (ja) * 1995-02-01 1996-08-13 Osaka Gas Co Ltd ガラス溶解炉
US5823769A (en) * 1996-03-26 1998-10-20 Combustion Tec, Inc. In-line method of burner firing and NOx emission control for glass melting
FR2750977B1 (fr) * 1996-07-11 1998-10-30 Saint Gobain Vitrage Procede et dispositif pour la reduction de l'emission de nox dans un four de verrerie
CN1203890A (zh) * 1997-05-05 1999-01-06 Ppg工业公司 降低玻璃熔窑中NOx排放物的方法和设备
JPH11132463A (ja) * 1997-11-04 1999-05-21 Osaka Gas Co Ltd 加熱炉用バーナ
US20020134287A1 (en) * 2001-03-23 2002-09-26 Olin-Nunez Miguel Angel Method and system for feeding and burning a pulverized fuel in a glass melting furnace, and burner for use in the same
FR2854943B1 (fr) * 2003-05-13 2006-05-26 Air Liquide Procede de controle de bruleurs assurant le chauffage de canaux d'ecoulement de verre liquide

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4496306A (en) * 1978-06-09 1985-01-29 Hitachi Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd. Multi-stage combustion method for inhibiting formation of nitrogen oxides
US5893940A (en) * 1997-05-05 1999-04-13 Ppg Industries, Inc. Reduction of NOx emissions in a glass melting furnace
US20040079113A1 (en) * 2000-12-14 2004-04-29 Frank Hegewald Method for measurement and regulation of quality-determining parameters for the raw smelt in glass furnaces

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110185769A1 (en) * 2006-11-17 2011-08-04 Kuang-Tsai Wu Reducing crown corrosion in a glassmelting furnace
US8640500B2 (en) * 2006-11-17 2014-02-04 Praxair Technology, Inc. Reducing crown corrosion in a glassmelting furnace
US20120164588A1 (en) * 2010-12-23 2012-06-28 Rauch Edwin L Reverse Flow Regenerative Apparatus and Method
US9017065B2 (en) * 2010-12-23 2015-04-28 Novelis Inc. Reverse flow regenerative apparatus and method
US20130091898A1 (en) * 2011-04-07 2013-04-18 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for melting meltable stock
US10577270B2 (en) 2015-03-05 2020-03-03 Stg Combustion Control Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for controlled operation of a heated, in particular regeneratively heated, industrial furnace, open-loop and closed-loop control unit, and heatable industrial furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HUE044736T2 (hu) 2019-11-28
BRPI0718352A2 (pt) 2013-11-19
EP3241808A1 (fr) 2017-11-08
ES2733322T3 (es) 2019-11-28
EP2091872A2 (fr) 2009-08-26
HUE061684T2 (hu) 2023-08-28
US20130011805A1 (en) 2013-01-10
PT2091872T (pt) 2019-07-11
PL2091872T3 (pl) 2019-11-29
ES2942643T3 (es) 2023-06-05
BRPI0718352B1 (pt) 2018-09-25
TR201909675T4 (tr) 2019-07-22
FR2909994A1 (fr) 2008-06-20
CN101588995A (zh) 2009-11-25
CN101588995B (zh) 2012-08-29
FR2909994B1 (fr) 2009-11-06
JP2010513181A (ja) 2010-04-30
RU2009123205A (ru) 2010-12-27
LT2091872T (lt) 2019-08-26
MX2009006175A (es) 2009-06-24
SI2091872T1 (sl) 2019-09-30
EP3241808B1 (fr) 2023-01-25
RU2473475C2 (ru) 2013-01-27
US9517960B2 (en) 2016-12-13
WO2008074961A2 (fr) 2008-06-26
WO2008074961A3 (fr) 2008-11-06
EP2091872B1 (fr) 2019-04-03
DK2091872T3 (da) 2019-07-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9517960B2 (en) Process of operating a glass melting oven
US6705118B2 (en) Method of boosting a glass melting furnace using a roof mounted oxygen-fuel burner
US6532771B1 (en) Method for controlling glass furnace atmosphere
JP4412902B2 (ja) ガラス形成バッチ材料の溶融方法
JP2004526656A5 (es)
MXPA04009694A (es) Extremo frontal que quema oxigeno para una operacion de formacion de vidrio.
CN107667257A (zh) 用于低速燃料流的燃烧方法
US5755846A (en) Regenerative glass melting furnace with minimum NOx formation and method of operating it
EP2959248B1 (en) An end port regenerative furnace
US20090148797A1 (en) Method for Carrying Out combined Burning in a Recovering Furnace
EA024418B1 (ru) Горение с расходящимися струями топлива
CN101754936A (zh) 玻璃熔融装置及其操作方法
US11161764B2 (en) Combustion method applied to melting materials such as glass in an end-fired furnace
McMahon et al. A partial conversion of a gas-air fired television furnace to oxy-fuel combustion

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: GDF SUEZ,FRANCE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WARD, JOHN;FRICKER, NEIL;PONT, RICHARD STANLEY;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20090622 TO 20090716;REEL/FRAME:023072/0050

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION