US20090246033A1 - wind turbine blade - Google Patents

wind turbine blade Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090246033A1
US20090246033A1 US12/102,506 US10250608A US2009246033A1 US 20090246033 A1 US20090246033 A1 US 20090246033A1 US 10250608 A US10250608 A US 10250608A US 2009246033 A1 US2009246033 A1 US 2009246033A1
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Prior art keywords
film
blade
layer
pvdf
thermoplastic film
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Abandoned
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US12/102,506
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English (en)
Inventor
Paul Rudling
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LM Wind Power UK Ltd
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Individual
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Assigned to BLADE DYNAMICS LIMITED reassignment BLADE DYNAMICS LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: RUDLING, PAUL
Publication of US20090246033A1 publication Critical patent/US20090246033A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B32B27/322—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/102—Oxide or hydroxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2270/00—Resin or rubber layer containing a blend of at least two different polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/41—Opaque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/514—Oriented
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/536—Hardness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/58—Cuttability
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/712—Weather resistant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/72—Density
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2603/00—Vanes, blades, propellers, rotors with blades
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/49336—Blade making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wind turbine blade, and more specifically, to an improved surface coating for a wind turbine blade.
  • the coating on the surface of a wind turbine blade is exposed to a harsh environment of abrasion, UV, humidity, corrosion, cyclical stresses, and extreme temperature fluctuation and requires a high performance material. Coatings need to retain performance for up to 20 years, putting them in a higher performance and different specification bracket than most civil/automotive applications and additionally be of a cost significantly lower than products typically found in aerospace applications.
  • Wind turbine blades are typically coated using either a gelcoat, or are painted.
  • Gelcoat is applied directly into the mould during manufacture of the blade and is formulated from a chemical backbone compatible with the substrate laminate, which is usually a polyester, vinylester or an epoxy resin. Painted finishes are normally achieved using variations of cross-linked polyurethane paint, usually supplied as two components (with a polyol and, or polyester resin base and an aliphatic isocyanate curing agent). These are mixed prior to application and the chemical reaction produces the cross linked polyurethane polymer.
  • Some blades use a combination of both gelcoat applied into the mould and paint applied to the blade after demoulding. This gives additional service life to the surface.
  • Some wind turbine blades have their leading edges taped with impact resistant tape, which is often applied to older blades to repair them.
  • a wind turbine blade at least 50% of the surface of which is covered with a self-adhesive thermoplastic film.
  • thermoplastic film By applying a self-adhesive thermoplastic film to the blade, the need for a gelcoat or the paint is eliminated. It is estimated that the thermoplastic film will take a similar time to apply as the gelcoat and/or paint. However, it does not require any further treatment once it has been applied thereby reducing significantly the work involved in finishing the blade. Also, the thickness of the film is precisely controlled in advance of its application to the blade ensuring that a surface with a uniform thickness is produced. Film manufacturing techniques allow the composition of the film to be precisely controlled and even to vary across the thickness of the film. The possibility of having variable or poor weathering performance over the lifetime of the blade due to variability in coating production/application processes is therefore almost completely eliminated.
  • thermoplastic film may be alphatic polyurethane, vinyl, acrylic or fluorinated thermoplastics such as, PVDF; PVDF+HFP copolymer; THV (PVDF, HFP, TFE); PVF; FEP (TFE, HFP); PFA (TFE, PFVE); CTFE; CTFE+VF2/HFP or a combination of these.
  • the thermoplastic may be a single layer, but it is preferably formed of a two layer structure having an outer layer with enhanced UV, erosion, dirt shedding and weather resistant (latterly referred to throughout as ‘weather resistant’)properties compared to the inner layer. This allows weather resistant material which may be relatively expensive, to be concentrated towards the outer surface of the film where it is most effective.
  • weather resistant weather resistant material which may be relatively expensive, to be concentrated towards the outer surface of the film where it is most effective.
  • the inner layer preferably has enhanced adhesion properties compared to the outer layer. This facilitates the adhesion of the film to the blade.
  • One way of achieving the enhanced weather resistant properties of the outer layer and enhanced adhesion properties of the inner layer is for the inner and outer layers to be made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with the outer layer having more PVDF than PMMA and the inner layer having more PMMA than PVDF.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • the two layers may be manufactured separately and fused or adhered together. However, preferably, the two layers are co-extruded. This is particularly suitable for a PVDF and PMMA composition as they are very suitable for co-extrusion.
  • the thermoplastic film preferably contains pigmentation, and/or fillers to give the film the desired colour. As most wind turbine blades are required to be white this pigmentation is normally achieved by the addition of suitable surface coated grade of rutile titanium dioxide.
  • the film preferably also contains amounts of a UV absorber present in levels from 0.1% to 5% based on the film weight. The purpose of the UV absorber is to prevent the passage of damaging UV radiation through the film and into the adhesive layer.
  • the UV absorber may be used singly or may be a combination of two different types of UV absorber to obtain optimal results. Examples of such a combination would be a benzophenone and a hindered amine light stabiliser that can act together in a synergistic manner.
  • thermoplastic film Another suitable UV absorber for the thermoplastic film is nano titanium dioxide containing surface modified inorganic oxide particles. This can be extremely effective in such a film and has the additional benefit that it is complete stable in the polymer and cannot suffer from “migration” effects. Such migration effects can be volatilisation during film manufacture causing plate-out effects on the extrusion die, or migration effects in service that can lead to reduced weathering performance or even dissbondment of the film. Such a nano titanium dioxide would be present in the film at between 0.1% and 8% of the film weight (excluding the adhesive).
  • composition of the film material are by weight percentages for the film excluding the adhesive layer.
  • the blades do not have a high gloss and/or high reflectance as this causes an unacceptable nuisance in the finished product when the blades are in service. Therefore, preferably, this effect is minimised by surface treating the film, for example by applying a cold roller to the film as it is extruded and/or by a matting agent incorporated into the film.
  • a suitable matting agent would be a light stable acrylic resin of controlled particle size.
  • the thickness of the thermoplastic film (excluding the adhesive) is preferably less than 300 ⁇ m, and preferably between 50 and 150 microns thick.
  • the film When applying the film to the blade, care must be taken to avoid air bubbles becoming trapped between the film and the blade.
  • the film may therefore be porous such that it is air permeable and water impermeable as this helps prevent the formation of air bubbles during the manufacturing process.
  • the adhesive is preferably a pressure sensitive adhesive such as a rubber, acrylic, modified acrylic (tackifier modified) or silicone adhesive.
  • the invention also extends to a method of manufacturing a wind turbine blade comprising moulding the blade body and adhering a thermoplastic film to at least 50% of the surface of the body.
  • the film is preferably applied to the blade body in a number of strips running between the leading and trailing edges of the blade.
  • the film can also be preferably applied in a manner with the strips oriented such that the complexity of the curvature in which the film is applied can be markedly reduced.
  • edge of one strip may overlap with the edge of an adjacent strip.
  • edges of adjacent strips do not overlap and the join is covered with a further strip of thermoplastic film, painted with acrylic or epoxy adhesive, painted with a PVDF paint or hot welded together
  • the method preferably also includes the step of heating the thermoplastic film shortly before when/or during its application to the blade body. This is preferably done by blowing hot air onto the film. This increases the flexibility of the film allowing it to be applied more easily to the surface of the blade.
  • the film can be applied ‘dry’ to the blade surface or ‘wet’ utilising water or other suitable fluid to enable the film to be more easily positioned without creasing or trapping air.
  • the film may be supplied in a number of sections each being specially shaped to fit on an appropriate section of the blade. Preferably, however, the film is applied from a roll. In this case, the film may be trimmed before its application to the blade body. This is particularly useful, for example, around the root of the blade which has a complex shape.
  • thermoplastic film may be applied to a full length moulding of the blade.
  • the blade is made up of a plurality of modules as disclosed in our earlier application GB 0717690.2.
  • the thermoplastic film may either be applied to the individual modules before they are assembled into the finished blade, or the modules may be assembled before the film is applied.
  • thermoplastic film comprising an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein: the upper layer comprising
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • HFP polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • UV stabilisers and/or absorbers optionally up to 10% matting agent; and (e) optionally up to 40% of an inorganic pigment
  • the lower layer comprising (f) a polymer of 10% to 45% of (PVDF), wherein up to 30% of the PVDF may be replaced by hexafluoropropylene (HFP);
  • the film has an initial gloss of less than 30% when measured with a reflectometer at an angle of 60° with respect to the film surface.
  • the upper layer has a thickness between 40 and 240 microns and the lower layer has a thickness between 10 and 60 microns.
  • the UV stabilisers are based on ultrafine ‘nano’ titanium dioxide materials containing surface modified inorganic oxide particles.
  • the PVDF contains up to 30% HFP.
  • the film further comprises adhesive on the lower layer.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an entire blade
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section of a first example of a join between adjacent strips
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-section to a second example of a join between adjacent strips
  • FIGS. 4A-E show a number of different configurations of strips that could be used
  • FIGS. 5A-E show similar configurations to those of FIGS. 4A-E but include an edge protection strip
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-section that refers to an example of a film and the underlying blade.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-section through a second example of a film and the underlying blade.
  • FIG. 1 A wind turbine blade is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the basic body of the blade may be formed in accordance with conventional techniques in which full length mouldings of each half are made and the two halves are joined together in a clam shell-like construction.
  • the blades may have a modular construction as described in our earlier GB application number 0717690.2.
  • the blade is covered with a number of strips 1 of self-adhesive of thermoplastic material 6 and adhesive 4 .
  • Each strip extends from the leading edge 2 to the trailing edge 3 .
  • the opposite side of the blade corresponds to this.
  • the strip on one side may overlap slightly with the strip on the opposite side or a further thin strip may be provided along the edge to cover the join between strips in a similar manner to that described in the reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 below.
  • each strip overlaps with an adjacent strip.
  • the join between the two is shown in more detail in FIG. 3 .
  • Adhesive 4 is provided on the lower surface of each strip and will adhere to the underlying blade surface 5 .
  • At an overlap portion strip 1 adheres to the surface of the adjacent thermoplastic film 6 as shown.
  • FIG. 2 An alternative is shown in which adjacent strips 1 , 1 abut one another and a further strip 7 with adhesive 8 of the same or a similar material runs along the join. The thickness of the material is such that the overlap portion or the further thin strips do not have a significant effect on the performance of the blade.
  • the join shown in FIG. 3 may be painted, for example with a PVDF paint and, indeed, this is the current preference.
  • the strips 1 are supplied on a roll.
  • the strips may have a backing material covering the adhesive that is peeled off before the strip is applied to the blade surface. However, no backing material is necessary if the top surface of the film 1 is of a material that does not adhere to the adhesive. An appropriate amount is unrolled and, if necessary, trimmed to the correct shape. Hot air is then blown onto the strip to make it flexible and the strip is then applied to the blade surface.
  • the strip is initially adhered at a location close to one of the edges 23 and are progressively adhered across the blade with the operator being careful to ensure that no air is trapped as the film is progressively adhered.
  • FIGS. 4A-E show various configurations of the strips which may be applied to a blade.
  • the blades may have the same configuration of strips on both sides, or they may be different.
  • the strips may run across the blade ( FIG. 4A ), along the blade ( FIG. 4B ) or diagonally ( FIG. 4C ).
  • the root end of the blade, which has the greatest curvature may be provided with a different configuration of strips from the remainder of the blade.
  • FIG. 4D the root end of the blade is covered with a number of triangular strips which converge adjacent to the root end.
  • the strips either need to be supplied pre-cut, or if they are taken from a roll, require a considerable amount of trimming and this example will be more difficult to produce in practice.
  • the example of FIG. 4E provides reasonably good conformity in the curved regions, but the strips can be used from a roll with relatively little trimming.
  • FIGS. 5A to 5E are similar to those shown in the corresponding FIG. 4 representations. The only different is that the leading edge is provided with a protective strip 1 A. This extends to both sides of the blade and therefore provides good weather proofing at the leading edge where it is most required.
  • FIG. 5A The current preference is for the configuration shown in FIG. 5A as this has a weather proofing strip 1 A on the leading edge, and also the transverse arrangement of strips 1 ensures that the seams between adjacent strips lie substantially in the direction of travel of the blade thereby minimising any turbulence.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-section through the blade surface and a first film consisting of adhesive 4 layer and a thermoplastic film 6 which has a single layer.
  • FIG. 7 is similar except that the thermoplastic film 6 has separated into upper 9 and lower 10 layers.
  • thermoplastic film 6 is preferably between 50 and 300 microns thick.
  • the thermoplastic film preferably consists of 45.9% of polyvinylidene fluoride, 25.5% PMMA, 1.5% UV stabilisers and absorbers, 1.5% matting agent and 25.6% inorganic pigment.
  • the upper layer preferably consists of 52.8% of polyvinylidene fluoride (15% of which is HFP), 22% PMMA, 1.5% UV stabilisers and absorbers, 1.5% matting agent and 22.2% inorganic pigment to give sufficient colour and opacity.
  • the lower layer preferably consists of 22% of polyvinylidene fluoride (15% of which is HFP), 52.8% PMMA, 1.5% UV stabilisers and absorbers, 1.5% matting agent and 22.2% inorganic pigment to give sufficient colour and opacity.
  • the upper layer is of a thickness between 5 and 295 microns and the lower layer is of a thickness between 5 and 295 microns.
  • the upper layer preferably being between 40 and 240 microns and the lower layer preferably being between 10 and 60 microns.
  • the film may be extruded (in the case of the FIG. 4 example) or co-extruded (in the case of the FIG. 5 example) using an extruder which is well known, for example the type of co-extruder used to manufacture UPVC windows.
  • the extruded material may then be subjected to a second surface treatment such as a cold roller to produce the desired lack of reflectiveness of the upper surface.
  • the film can then also preferably pass through a second process to coatadhesive onto the lower surface before the film is wound on to a roll ready for transportation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
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US20120034094A1 (en) * 2009-04-10 2012-02-09 Xemc Darwind B.V. Protected wind turbine blade, a method of manufacturing it and a wind turbine
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US20110187117A1 (en) * 2008-05-27 2011-08-04 Syneola Sa Substantially spherical multi-blade wind turbine
US8899923B2 (en) * 2008-10-14 2014-12-02 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Wind turbine blade with device for changing the aerodynamic surface or shape
US20110293420A1 (en) * 2008-10-14 2011-12-01 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Wind turbine blade with device for changing the aerodynamic surface or shape
US20100098549A1 (en) * 2008-10-16 2010-04-22 Gabriel Mironov Wind Turbine Blade
US9845787B2 (en) 2008-12-05 2017-12-19 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Efficient wind turbine blades, wind turbine blade structures, and associated systems and methods of manufacture, assembly and use
US8382440B2 (en) 2008-12-05 2013-02-26 Modular Wind Energy, Inc. Efficient wind turbine blades, wind turbine blade structures, and associated systems and methods of manufacture, assembly and use
US9518558B2 (en) 2008-12-05 2016-12-13 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Efficient wind turbine blades, wind turbine blade structures, and associated systems and methods of manufacture, assembly and use
US20120034094A1 (en) * 2009-04-10 2012-02-09 Xemc Darwind B.V. Protected wind turbine blade, a method of manufacturing it and a wind turbine
US8961142B2 (en) * 2009-04-10 2015-02-24 Xemc Darwind B.V. Protected wind turbine blade, a method of manufacturing it and a wind turbine
US20130243605A1 (en) * 2009-08-06 2013-09-19 Nitto Denko Corporation Protecting film for blade of wind power generator
US20110058950A1 (en) * 2009-08-06 2011-03-10 Nitto Denko Corporation Protecting film for blade of wind power generator
US9500179B2 (en) 2010-05-24 2016-11-22 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Segmented wind turbine blades with truss connection regions, and associated systems and methods
CN102705155A (zh) * 2011-03-08 2012-10-03 通用电气公司 用于修复风力涡轮机叶片的方法
CN102350801A (zh) * 2011-07-06 2012-02-15 连云港中复连众复合材料集团有限公司 一种兆瓦级风力发电机叶片合模时的前缘粘接方法
US20130101417A1 (en) * 2011-10-25 2013-04-25 General Electric Company Wind turbine rotor blades with ultraviolet light-reflective substances
US9752444B2 (en) * 2011-12-19 2017-09-05 Lm Wp Patent Holding A/S Erosion shield for a wind turbine blade
US20150132140A1 (en) * 2011-12-19 2015-05-14 Lm Wp Patent Holding A/S Erosion shield for a wind turbine blade
US9331534B2 (en) 2012-03-26 2016-05-03 American Wind, Inc. Modular micro wind turbine
US9062654B2 (en) 2012-03-26 2015-06-23 American Wind Technologies, Inc. Modular micro wind turbine
CN102627011A (zh) * 2012-03-30 2012-08-08 三一电气有限责任公司 叶片的补强和修复方法
US9470205B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2016-10-18 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Wind turbine blades with layered, multi-component spars, and associated systems and methods
US9610739B2 (en) * 2013-04-17 2017-04-04 Lm Wp Patent Holding A/S Wind turbine blade repair method
US20160046088A1 (en) * 2013-04-17 2016-02-18 Lm Wp Patent Holding A/S Wind turbine blade repair method
US20160215757A1 (en) * 2013-08-01 2016-07-28 Blade Dynamics Limited Erosion resistant aerodynamic fairing
US10240578B2 (en) * 2013-08-01 2019-03-26 Blade Dynamics Limited Erosion resistant aerodynamic fairing
WO2015028320A1 (fr) * 2013-08-28 2015-03-05 Voith Patent Gmbh Centrale hydrolienne
US20180209400A1 (en) * 2015-07-17 2018-07-26 Lm Wp Patent Holding A/S A wind turbine blade having an erosion shield
US11092133B2 (en) * 2015-07-17 2021-08-17 Lm Wp Patent Holding A/S Wind turbine blade having an erosion shield
US9970304B2 (en) 2015-07-22 2018-05-15 General Electric Company Rotor blade root assembly for a wind turbine
US10060411B2 (en) 2015-07-22 2018-08-28 General Electric Company Rotor blade root assembly for a wind turbine
DE102015115190A1 (de) * 2015-09-09 2017-03-09 Fichtner & Schicht GmbH Windenergieanlage
US11572861B2 (en) 2017-01-31 2023-02-07 General Electric Company Method for forming a rotor blade for a wind turbine

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DK2274514T3 (da) 2019-08-12
EP2274514A1 (fr) 2011-01-19
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PL2274514T3 (pl) 2020-01-31
BRPI0909453B1 (pt) 2020-04-22
CN102027230B (zh) 2015-01-21
WO2009118545A1 (fr) 2009-10-01
ES2743148T3 (es) 2020-02-18
BRPI0909453A2 (pt) 2015-12-22
US20110097211A1 (en) 2011-04-28
GB0805713D0 (en) 2008-04-30

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