US20090206081A1 - System and Method for Inhibiting Vaporization from Liquids - Google Patents

System and Method for Inhibiting Vaporization from Liquids Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090206081A1
US20090206081A1 US12/032,895 US3289508A US2009206081A1 US 20090206081 A1 US20090206081 A1 US 20090206081A1 US 3289508 A US3289508 A US 3289508A US 2009206081 A1 US2009206081 A1 US 2009206081A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
liquid fuel
floating member
fuel tank
liquid
tank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/032,895
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English (en)
Inventor
Dale D. Snyder
Nathan R. Vogt
Eric B. Hudak
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kohler Co
Original Assignee
Kohler Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kohler Co filed Critical Kohler Co
Priority to US12/032,895 priority Critical patent/US20090206081A1/en
Assigned to KOHLER CO. reassignment KOHLER CO. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HUDAK, ERIC B., SNYDER, DALE D., VOGT, NATHAN R.
Priority to CN2009801022113A priority patent/CN101909917A/zh
Priority to PCT/US2009/000746 priority patent/WO2009105159A1/fr
Priority to EP09712376A priority patent/EP2244903A1/fr
Publication of US20090206081A1 publication Critical patent/US20090206081A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/077—Fuel tanks with means modifying or controlling distribution or motion of fuel, e.g. to prevent noise, surge, splash or fuel starvation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/077—Fuel tanks with means modifying or controlling distribution or motion of fuel, e.g. to prevent noise, surge, splash or fuel starvation
    • B60K2015/0772—Floats in the fuel tank

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to internal combustion engines and, more particularly, relates to fuel storage and delivery systems and methods for use in internal combustion engines.
  • Fuel tanks are typically employed in internal combustion engines to store fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel and other types of liquid fuels that are used by the engines. When situated within a fuel tank, certain amounts of a liquid fuel typically become vaporized, particularly when temperatures within the tanks rise, when the tanks experience high levels of jostling, and/or when the volume within the tank unoccupied by fuel (and filled with air) becomes large. The vaporization of fuel continues even during the normal course of storage of the fuel within the fuel tank.
  • Fuel vapors emanating from the fuel tanks of internal combustion engines are one of the main contributors to evaporative emissions from such engines. Such emissions from fuel tanks can occur particularly when passage(s) are formed that link the interior of the fuel tank with the outside atmosphere, for example, for venting purposes as well as when refueling occurs. Because fuel vapors can contribute to ozone and urban smog and otherwise negatively impact the environment, increasingly it is desired that these evaporative emissions from fuel tanks be entirely eliminated or at least reduced.
  • the present inventors have recognized the desirability of reducing evaporative emissions from fuel tanks and further have recognized that such emissions can be reduced by reducing the surface area of the fuel within a fuel tank that is exposed to air within the fuel tank, so as to reduce the amount of fuel that is vaporized within fuel tanks. Further, the present inventors have recognized that, in at least some embodiments, such goals can be achieved by employing one or more cone-shaped or double-cone-shaped structures that float within the fuel and at the same time reduce the overall surface area of the fuel that is exposed to air within the fuel tank. Such structures can be particularly advantageous in that the structures naturally orient themselves in a manner that results in maximum reduction of the exposed fuel surface.
  • the present invention relates to a liquid fuel tank that includes a housing have an inner chamber capable of containing liquid fuel as well as an air space above an upper surface of the liquid fuel.
  • the liquid fuel tank further includes a floating member included within the inner chamber, where the floating member is configured to float proximate the upper surface of the liquid fuel when the liquid fuel is present within the inner chamber.
  • the floating member includes at least one tapered surface, where the floating member covers a majority of the upper surface of the liquid fuel, whereby the liquid fuel evaporates to a lesser degree than would occur if the floating member was absent.
  • the present invention relates to a liquid tank.
  • the liquid tank includes a portion of a liquid capable of evaporation, and an interior region within which the portion of the liquid is positioned, and further within which is located an air space above an upper surface of the portion of the liquid.
  • the liquid tank also includes means for covering at least a majority of the upper surface, where a covered part of the upper surface is separated from the air space, whereby the evaporation of the liquid occurs at a reduced level due to the means for covering.
  • the present invention relates to a method of operating a fuel tank.
  • the method includes filling the fuel tank with an amount of a liquid fuel, where an air space remains above an upper surface of the liquid fuel, and floating a structure within the fuel tank.
  • the structure floats proximate the upper surface of the liquid fuel and extends upward out of the liquid fuel above the upper surface, the structure includes a tapered surface such that a cross-sectional area of the structure becomes increasingly smaller as one proceeds upward along the structure away from the upper surface, and a portion of the upper surface is separated from the air space due to the structure.
  • the present invention relates to a structure for implementation in a liquid fuel tank.
  • the structure includes at least one tapered surface, where the structure is configured to float along an upper surface of liquid fuel within the liquid fuel tank and reduce an exposed area of the upper surface so as to reduce evaporation of the liquid fuel.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of a simplified fuel tank that for convenience of illustration is shown to be transparent where the fuel tank is semi-filled with fuel and employs a first exemplary floating member in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of the fuel tank of FIG. 1 , wherein the fuel tank employs a second exemplary floating member in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the fuel tank of FIG. 2 , taken along a line 3 - 3 of that figure
  • the fuel tank 2 is a container or housing formed from a transparent material (e.g., a transparent plastic) so that the contents within the fuel tank are visible through the wall of the fuel tank. It will be understood, however, that in other embodiments the fuel tank 2 can be made of a variety of materials, which need not be transparent. Also for simplicity, the fuel tank 2 can be assumed to have a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical shape, with a central axis of the cylindrical fuel tank extending vertically or substantially vertically. However, in alternate embodiments, the fuel tank 2 can take on other shapes, including shapes that are asymmetrical.
  • a transparent material e.g., a transparent plastic
  • the fuel tank 2 is partially filled with fuel 6 , up to a level indicated by a surface 8 .
  • An air space 10 is formed within the fuel tank 2 above the surface 8 , within which evaporative emissions from the fuel 6 ordinarily collect.
  • an output passage 4 which can be assumed to be connected by way of a hose or other channel to a carburetor, fuel injectors, etc.
  • the surface 8 moves downward toward the bottom of the fuel tank and the air space 10 increases in volume.
  • Fuel can be added to the fuel tank 2 by way of an input orifice 5 , which is sealed in the present embodiment by way of a cap 15 .
  • the fuel 6 in the present embodiment is intended to be representative of a wide variety of volatile fluids (e.g., fluids capable of evaporation at normal temperatures and pressures) including, for example, gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, crude oil, other petroleum-based fuels, mineral oils, ethanol blends etc.
  • the fuel 6 can be an organic fluid such as acetone and benzene or another type of volatile fluid other than those mentioned above.
  • the fuel 6 has located thereon a floating member 12 .
  • the floating member 12 is configured to stay afloat at the surface 8 of the fuel 6 .
  • the floating member 12 is made of a buoyant plastic although, in other embodiments, it can be made of other non-metallic materials or potentially of metallic materials as well.
  • the fuel tank 2 only includes the single floating member 12 , which is formed as a single piece, albeit in alternate embodiments multiple floating members can be employed. It is believed, however, that the use of a single floating member of appropriate physical shape and size as discussed below is advantageous relative to the use of multiple such members, both in terms of providing robustness as well as limiting the overall amount of evaporative emissions that occur.
  • the floating member 12 can have various shapes and sizes. Nevertheless, in the present embodiment of FIG. 1 , the floating member 12 is designed to be conical (or substantially conical). FIG. 1 in particular shows the floating member 12 to be conical in shape and to be tilted slightly, such that a top 13 of the floating member is tipped away from the viewer, and such that a base surface 17 of the floating member is visible. It will be understood that, in practice, the floating member 12 , while generally tending to be upright in position, will also rock and bob as the fuel 6 within the fuel tank 2 is jostled or otherwise moves about. Further as shown, the shape of the base surface 17 is configured to generally correspond to the inner perimeter of the fuel tank 2 . Thus, in the present exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 in which the fuel tank 2 is cylindrical or substantially cylindrical, the floating member 12 is a cone having with the circular (or substantially circular) base surface 17 that generally tracks the inner circular perimeter of the fuel tank.
  • the conical shape of the floating member 12 more particularly is configured to achieve certain goals.
  • the floating member 12 is designed to maximize the extent to which, when the floating member is floating within the fuel 6 , the floating member displaces and covers the fuel so as to reduce the overall extent of the surface 8 of the fuel that is exposed to the air space 10 , thus reducing fuel evaporation.
  • the presence of the floating member 12 within the fuel tank 2 serves to reduce the exposed surface area of the fuel 6 without changing the volume, dimensions or any other characteristics of the fuel tank 2 .
  • the floating member 12 As a result of the floating member 12 , the surface 8 of the fuel 6 in the present embodiment is reduced to an annular region 9 around the edge/perimeter of the floating member 12 existing between that edge/perimeter and the inner surface of the fuel tank 2 , and evaporation of the fuel for the most part only occurs from that annular region portion.
  • the floating member 12 reduces the overall size of the exposed surface by at least a half, or even more (e.g., by three-quarters, seven-eights or even more), although any amount of reduction is possible depending upon the embodiment.
  • the configuration of the floating member 12 is selected so as to limit or minimize the height of the floating member, and/or so as to correspond to the shape of a roof or top portion 19 of the fuel tank. This allows for the exposed area of the surface 8 to remain minimized even while the fuel tank 2 is completely filled with fuel 6 .
  • the roof 19 of the fuel tank 2 is generally conic (albeit with a slightly concave appearance) and thus corresponds generally to the shape of the floating member 12 . Consequently, when fuel 6 is added to the fuel tank 12 , the floating member 12 generally continues to rise upward along with the surface 8 until the floating member encounters the roof 19 of the fuel tank, at which point the fuel tank is completely filled. Assuming such a design, there is generally no circumstance in which, due to a limitation on movement of the floating member 12 upwards within the fuel tank 2 , the surface 8 rises relative to the floating member to such an extent that evaporative emissions are significantly increased.
  • the conical structure of the floating member 12 serves to minimize the condensation of evaporated fuel atop the floating member. Rather, to the extent that fuel condenses atop the conical floating member 12 , it tends to flow off of the sides of the cone back to the surface 8 of the fuel 6 , where it reenters the main store of fuel. Further, since in the present embodiment the input orifice 5 of the fuel tank 2 is directly above the floating member 12 , fuel added to the fuel tank via the orifice likewise, upon impacting the floating member, runs down the sides of the floating member and enters the main store of fuel 6 , without any significant accumulation of fuel atop the floating member.
  • the conical floating member 12 can be made as a solid piece or can be hollow as well. Further, the degree to which the floating member 12 extends beneath the surface 8 of the fuel 6 can vary depending upon the buoyancy of the floating member and the particular fuel being used. Notwithstanding the fact that the diameter of the conical floating member 12 is greater than its height in the present embodiment, it is nevertheless intended in other embodiments that the diameter be lesser than the height or potentially be of an equal dimension as well.
  • FIG. 2 an alternate embodiment of the floating member, shown as a floating member 14 , is shown to be located within the fuel tank 2 .
  • the floating member 14 of FIG. 2 is a double-side conical member including two cone sections, namely, an upper cone section 16 and a lower cone section 18 , which are attached back-to-back at their respective bases at a junction 20 so as to point in diametrically opposite (upward and downward) directions.
  • Such a double-sided conical floating member 14 in addition to providing all the advantages of the floating member 12 of FIG.
  • the conical floating member flips over (e.g., 180 degrees) in such a manner as to limit its effectiveness in reducing fuel evaporation and/or the amount of fuel sitting atop the floating member.
  • the floating member 14 of FIG. 2 flips end-over-end such that the upper cone section 16 is inverted so as to point downward into the fuel 6
  • the lower cone section 18 consequently is inverted (from the position shown) so as to point upward out of the fuel, and thus both before and after the flipping event all of the advantages provided by the floating member 12 continue to be provided.
  • the present invention is also intended to encompass alternate embodiments of floating members having different heights and diameters of the two cone sections.
  • the cone section 18 can have a height that is larger than its diameter while the cone section 16 has a height that is less than its diameter, or vice-versa. It is, however, typically (albeit not necessarily) the case that at least the diameters of the cone sections 16 and 18 be of the same dimension to maximize the advantages of the floating member 14 in minimizing evaporative emissions.
  • the conical floating member 14 is designed as two cone sections 16 and 18 that are attached back-to-back, both of which are made of the same material, in alternate embodiments the two cones can be integrally formed as a single piece or made of different materials.
  • the double-sided conical floating member 14 can be made as a solid or hollow structure. As with respect to the floating member 12 , the height of the floating member 14 within the fuel 6 can vary depending upon the buoyancy of the floating member, the characteristics of the fuel, etc.
  • FIG. 3 a cross-sectional view taken along a line 3 - 3 of FIG. 2 is provided, showing the fuel tank 2 with the conical floating member 14 partially immersed within the fuel 6 .
  • the upper conical section 16 of the floating member 14 in particular is visible, with a rim 22 of the junction 20 between the conical sections 16 , 18 of the floating member being visible beneath the fuel surface 8 and an additional junction 24 illustrating where the surface of the fuel 6 meets the conical section 16 .
  • a tip 26 of the floating member 14 typically remains outside the surface of the fuel 6 at all times.
  • An identical or similar cross-sectional view would be provided assuming a similar cut across the fuel tank of FIG. 1 employing the floating member 12 .
  • fuel is capable of evaporating only from the annular region 9 between the additional Junction 24 and the wall of the fuel tank 2 .
  • the present invention is intended to encompass a variety of other arrangements of floating members and fuel tanks.
  • the present embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2 do not illustrate the floating members 12 and 14 as touching the sides of the fuel tank 2
  • the present invention is nevertheless intended to include such embodiments as well in which the floating member is in contact with or in close proximity with the sides of the fuel tank 2 .
  • the exact shapes and sizes of the floating members and/or fuel tanks can vary with the embodiment.
  • the fuel tank could have an oval cross-section (rather than circular cross-section as shown in FIG. 3 ), or could be box-like.
  • the floating members can also take additional forms to complement different fuel tank shapes and sizes. In at least some embodiments, more than one floating member (e.g., two half-cones) can be employed within a given fuel tank.
  • the present invention relates to a variety of embodiments of fuel tanks and floating members as can be employed in a variety of applications and for a variety of purposes.
  • embodiments of the present invention can be employed in conjunction with a variety of different internal combustion engines used in vehicles or for a variety of other purposes.
  • Embodiments of the present invention can be particularly beneficial insofar as they reduce or even eliminate evaporative emissions from the fuel.
  • Non-road engine means . . .
  • any internal combustion engine in or on a piece of equipment that is self-propelled or serves a dual purpose by both propelling itself and performing another function (such as garden tractors, off-highway mobile cranes, and bulldozers); or (ii) in or on a piece of equipment that is intended to be propelled while performing its function (such as lawnmowers and string trimmers); or (iii) that, by itself or in or on a piece of equipment, is portable or transportable, meaning designed to be and capable of being carried or moved from one location to another.
  • Indicia of transportability include, but are not limited to, wheels, skids, carrying handles, dolly, trailer, or platform.”
  • embodiments of the present invention are applicable to engines that have less than one liter in displacement, or engines that both have less than one liter in displacement and fit within the guidelines specified by the above-mentioned regulations.
  • the present invention is intended to encompass other small engines, large spark ignition (LSI) engines, and/or other larger (mid-size or even large) engines.
  • the present invention is intended to be used with containers or storage tanks other than fuel tanks holding volatile fluids, which are producers of volatile organic compounds (VOC) or evaporative emissions.
  • VOC volatile organic compounds

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
US12/032,895 2008-02-18 2008-02-18 System and Method for Inhibiting Vaporization from Liquids Abandoned US20090206081A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/032,895 US20090206081A1 (en) 2008-02-18 2008-02-18 System and Method for Inhibiting Vaporization from Liquids
CN2009801022113A CN101909917A (zh) 2008-02-18 2009-02-06 抑制液体蒸发的系统和方法
PCT/US2009/000746 WO2009105159A1 (fr) 2008-02-18 2009-02-06 Système et procédé d'inhibition de l'évaporation à partir de liquides
EP09712376A EP2244903A1 (fr) 2008-02-18 2009-02-06 Système et procédé d'inhibition de l'évaporation à partir de liquides

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/032,895 US20090206081A1 (en) 2008-02-18 2008-02-18 System and Method for Inhibiting Vaporization from Liquids

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US20090206081A1 true US20090206081A1 (en) 2009-08-20

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US (1) US20090206081A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2244903A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101909917A (fr)
WO (1) WO2009105159A1 (fr)

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US20110146630A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-23 Sotiriades Aleko D System and method for controlling evaporative emissions
US20110192382A1 (en) * 2010-02-05 2011-08-11 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel tank and fuel vapor treatment device equipped with the fuel tank
US8813780B2 (en) 2010-10-26 2014-08-26 Schiller Grounds Care, Inc. Sealed, non-permeable fuel tank for spark-ignition motors
WO2022189756A1 (fr) * 2021-03-11 2022-09-15 Pep Technologies Equipement de stockage d'un liquide pourvu d'un couvercle flottant et utilisation d'un tel équipement

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CN102734238A (zh) * 2011-04-01 2012-10-17 永恒力集团 具有液箱的地面运输工具
US20220250027A1 (en) * 2019-07-11 2022-08-11 The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Agriculture & Rural Development, Agricultural Research Organization Suppression of water evaporation using floating lattice-like structures

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US8931459B2 (en) 2009-12-23 2015-01-13 Kohler Co. System and method for controlling evaporative emissions
US20110192382A1 (en) * 2010-02-05 2011-08-11 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel tank and fuel vapor treatment device equipped with the fuel tank
US8671916B2 (en) * 2010-02-05 2014-03-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel tank and fuel vapor treatment device equipped with the fuel tank
US8813780B2 (en) 2010-10-26 2014-08-26 Schiller Grounds Care, Inc. Sealed, non-permeable fuel tank for spark-ignition motors
WO2022189756A1 (fr) * 2021-03-11 2022-09-15 Pep Technologies Equipement de stockage d'un liquide pourvu d'un couvercle flottant et utilisation d'un tel équipement
FR3120614A1 (fr) * 2021-03-11 2022-09-16 Pep Technologies Equipement de stockage d’un liquide pourvu d’un couvercle flottant et utilisation d’un tel équipement

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EP2244903A1 (fr) 2010-11-03
WO2009105159A1 (fr) 2009-08-27

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