US20090139956A1 - Dielectric Insulation Gasket for a Vacuum Bottle - Google Patents

Dielectric Insulation Gasket for a Vacuum Bottle Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090139956A1
US20090139956A1 US12/083,722 US8372206A US2009139956A1 US 20090139956 A1 US20090139956 A1 US 20090139956A1 US 8372206 A US8372206 A US 8372206A US 2009139956 A1 US2009139956 A1 US 2009139956A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
gasket
contact surface
outside
section
gasket according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/083,722
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English (en)
Inventor
Jean-Francois Tortorici
Olivier Gascard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Grid Solutions SAS
Original Assignee
Areva T&D SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Areva T&D SAS filed Critical Areva T&D SAS
Assigned to AREVA T & D SA reassignment AREVA T & D SA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GASCARD, OLIVIER, TORTORICI, JEAN-FRANCOIS
Publication of US20090139956A1 publication Critical patent/US20090139956A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/6623—Details relating to the encasing or the outside layers of the vacuum switch housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H2033/6665—Details concerning the mounting or supporting of the individual vacuum bottles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electrical equipment and installations, and in particular switches and switchgear using vacuum “bottles” operating at medium and high voltages.
  • a particular use is for overhead transport of electricity.
  • switches In electrical installations and switchgear, switches use vacuum bottles that must be capable of withstanding stresses, in particular dielectric stresses, between the contacts situated inside the bottle, in the vacuum, and also between the external ends of the bottle disposed in ambient air. With a view to making the dielectric strength uniform between live contacts and external ends of vacuum switches, and in view of the compactness required, it is necessary to use insulating elements other than the air outside the vacuum bottles themselves.
  • dielectric solid or fluid insulators such as the greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ). Insulating vacuum bottles in air does not make it possible to obtain suitable dielectric performance with small dimensions.
  • SF 6 greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride
  • Solid insulation systems for insulating vacuum bottles are highly temperature-sensitive and they cannot be disassembled or dismantled at the end of their lives when they have stuck or bonded together. That therefore has consequences that are highly detrimental to the environment.
  • the solid insulator is of small volume because it is implemented in the form of a gasket having a gas-proofing function and a dielectric function.
  • a gasket having a gas-proofing function and a dielectric function.
  • a vacuum bottle 101 is surrounded at both ends of its outside surface with two gaskets 102 A and 102 B.
  • the top gasket 102 A is placed in the vicinity of the stationary contact of the vacuum bottle 101
  • the bottom gasket 102 B is placed in the vicinity of the moving contact.
  • the resulting assembly is placed inside a rigid shell 103 made of an insulating material.
  • the structure of the gaskets 102 A and 102 B is such that air is trapped at their surfaces 104 that come into contact with the inside wall of the rigid shell 103 .
  • FIG. 2A is a fragmentary section view of the surface referenced 104 in FIG. 1 .
  • Said surface is made up of a plurality of lips 105 of pointed section, separated from one another by gaps 106 .
  • FIG. 2B is also a fragmentary section view showing the same place on the prior art gasket.
  • Said gasket has been inserted into the rigid shell 103 , and its lips are thus flattened, or rather folded slightly, all in the same direction, by the pressure from the inside wall of the shell 103 on one side of each lip 105 .
  • Air is thus trapped between each lip 105 along a line B-B′.
  • air can be trapped along the line A-A′, on the other surface. That air, which is of low dielectric strength, considerably limits the dielectric performance of the system.
  • a striking arc can easily move radially within each interface gap 106 in order to seek to weakest point on the circumference of the next lip 105 and thus propagate to the next gap 106 .
  • the overall dielectric strength is a function of the sum of the weakest points on each circumference of the gasket 102 .
  • the thickness of insulator at certain places around the gasket 102 is too small to obtain high dielectric performance.
  • the shape of the prior art gasket 102 is not very favorable to disassembly or dismantlement at the end of its life because of the non-return or “check” effect of the lips 105 .
  • An object of the invention is thus to obtain high dielectric performance with small dimensions for vacuum bottles by acting on their insulation, in particular by preventing the tracking of electrical discharges or sparks along the contact surfaces of the gasket in service.
  • it is desired to comply with environmental constraints. Full and easy dismantling of the insulation system at the end of its life is thus desired.
  • it is proposed to use a smaller amount of solid insulating material. This contributes to reducing cost, compared with an entirely solid insulation system.
  • European Patent Application EP 1 017 142 A1 describes a circuit-breaker switch having a combined insulation system.
  • the invention mainly provides a dielectric insulation gasket for a vacuum bottle, said gasket being designed to insulate a vacuum bottle by using at least one gasket around the vacuum bottle inside a casing, each gasket having an inside contact surface and an outside contact surface, two side surfaces interconnecting the inside and the outside contact surfaces.
  • an inside contact surface of the casing and an outside surface of the of the vacuum bottle being smooth
  • the inside and outside contact surfaces of the gasket are smooth, presenting no cavity and forming part of a group constituted by surface shapes comprising surfaces that are convex relative to the longitudinal axis of the gasket and surfaces presenting a gradient that does not reverse relative to the longitudinal axis of the gasket.
  • This resistance to tracking is characterized by the ability of the gasket to fit perfectly against the outside surface of the vacuum bottle or the inside face of the casing to oppose the formation of electrical sparks which would carbonize the surface of the gasket and/or the outside surface of the vacuum bottle or the inside face of the casing, and would thus provide a path for current flow.
  • a main embodiment makes provision for said inside contact surface and said outside contact surface to be cylindrical.
  • a second main embodiment makes provision for said inside contact surface and said outside contact surface to be conical.
  • a third main embodiment of the inside and outside contact surfaces of the gasket is that each of said surfaces is made up of two conical portions of different concinnities and interconnected via a determined interconnection curve forming a flared V-shape.
  • the width of the inside and outside contact surfaces is also preferable for the width of the inside and outside contact surfaces to be equal to or greater than 5 millimeters (mm) in order to limit the risks of arcs striking or tracking at said interfaces.
  • the minimum thickness of the gasket along the longitudinal axis of the gasket is at least 4 mm.
  • the gasket has a recess in its cross-section, so as to limit the forces in the gasket.
  • the side surfaces in order to control thermal expansion, provision is also made for the side surfaces to be in two portions having different inclinations.
  • the gasket to have a trapezium-shaped section, i.e. an outside contact surface and an inside contact surface that are parallel to the axis of revolution of the gasket, the side surfaces being inclined in opposite directions.
  • the cross-section of the gasket may be H-shaped.
  • the cross-section of the gasket may also be N-shaped.
  • the cross-section of the gasket When the cross-section of the gasket is provided with a recess, it may be W-shaped or U-shaped.
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing the use of two prior art gaskets
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are fragmentary section views showing the active portion of a prior art gasket
  • FIG. 3A is a section view showing the use of a gasket of the invention.
  • FIG. 3B is a section view showing the use of two gaskets of the invention.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4D are detail views showing four embodiments of gaskets of the invention.
  • FIGS. 5A to 5M are section views of various gaskets of the invention.
  • a vacuum bottle 1 is placed in a casing 10 constituting the pole of medium-voltage or high-voltage electrical switchgear.
  • the casing 10 thus constitutes the rigid pole of switchgear used, such as a circuit-breaker.
  • a moving contact 5 A of the vacuum bottle 1 and a stationary contact 5 B are at different electrical potentials. It is thus necessary to insulate the vacuum bottle 1 dielectrically by placing a gasket 20 constituting a dielectric insulation gasket between the moving contact 5 A and the stationary contact 5 B constituting two electrodes of different potentials.
  • the gasket 20 prevents tracking of sparks or discharges along the dashed-line lines A-A′ and B-B′. For information, it is indicated that the dielectric strength of the vacuum inside the vacuum bottle 1 is significantly greater than the dielectric strength of the air outside the vacuum bottle 1 .
  • said gaskets isolate an annular space 24 defined by a side surface of each of the gaskets 20 , by an outside surface 6 of the vacuum bottle 1 and by an inside surface 16 of the casing 10 .
  • the space 24 that is confined in this way contains a gaseous fluid, such as air or some other fluid of the same type.
  • the two gaskets 20 and the space 24 that they define form a dielectric barrier between the moving contact 5 A and the stationary contact that are at different potentials.
  • This configuration makes it possible to avoid any arc striking through the dielectric or bypassing one of the gaseous elements defined by the gaskets 20 , either by tracking, or by perforation.
  • the dielectric sealing or dielectric strength is provided, inter alia, by three elements, namely:
  • each gasket 20 has a section made up of two conical portions 20 A and 20 B inclined in opposite directions.
  • the section of said gasket is approximately U-shaped. This is merely a relatively simple example of a shape for the gasket, other more elaborate shapes being described in the following paragraphs.
  • a very important technical feature of the gasket of the invention is that the peripheral outside surface and the peripheral inside surface of each gasket 20 are smooth.
  • a casing 10 is used whose inside surface 16 is smooth, and, similarly, the vacuum bottle 1 has an outside surface 6 that is smooth.
  • the inside and the outside surfaces of each gasket 20 are correspondingly smooth. Air is thus prevented from being trapped between the surfaces during assembly.
  • the general shape of the gasket is optimized, so as to obtain contact pressures at the gasket/casing and gasket/vacuum bottle interfaces that are not uniform, but that are sufficient.
  • the tightness with which the gasket clamps around the vacuum bottle 1 is greater than the tightness with which the gasket is clamped by the casing 10 . This enables the gasket to remain in place on the vacuum bottle during assembly, disassembly, and dismantling.
  • the positions of the gaskets on the vacuum bottle 1 are optimized in that said gaskets are positioned on said vacuum bottle in zones in which the dielectric fields are favorable to high dielectric strengths.
  • said gaskets 20 are not in contact with the electrodes constituted by the moving contact 5 A and by the stationary contact 5 B. Otherwise, a major risk of the gaskets being perforated exists in the event that a local electric field that is too strong appears. A projection on one of the electrodes would give rise to an electric field concentration. Should a dielectric sealing gasket be in contact with one of said electrodes, said electrode would be subjected to the electric field that is too strong, and could be degraded by perforation.
  • FIG. 4A shows a first embodiment of the gasket in detail.
  • the outside contact surface which is smooth, is actually made up of two surfaces 31 A and 31 B, both of which are conical relative to the axis 30 of the gasket, their inclinations being different, so as to form an outwardly very open U-shape. They are interconnected via an outside interconnection curve RE.
  • the inside contact surface is made up of two portions 32 A and 32 B, each of which has a different inclination relative to the axis 30 , it being possible for one of them (the surface 32 A in this example) to be cylindrical.
  • the two inside contact surfaces are also interconnected, via an inside interconnection curve RI.
  • the interconnection curves RE and RI contribute to preventing air from being trapped while the gasket is being mounted.
  • the gaskets 20 are shown mounted around the vacuum bottle 1 and in the casing 10 with smooth contact surfaces, it should be emphasized that said outside and inside surfaces are smooth when the gaskets are not mounted.
  • the two side surfaces are also made up of a plurality of portions.
  • One of them is provided with a recess 35 constituted by two frustoconical surfaces 35 A interconnected via a radial surface 35 B.
  • Said recess 35 makes it possible to limit the forces within the gasket, when said gasket is compressed, while the vacuum bottle is being assembled into the casing.
  • the other side surface is made up of two surfaces 33 A and 33 B, which are themselves frustoconical, and of different inclinations so as to form a very open U-shape.
  • the remainder of the side surfaces is constituted by radial portions, firstly 34 C, and secondly 34 A & 34 B that connect the recess 35 to the inside contact surfaces.
  • the shape in this embodiment is similar to a U-shape whose vertical portions extend downwards slightly.
  • Other possible sections for the gasket, in particular letter-shaped sections, are described below.
  • the thickness in the direction parallel to the axis 30 of the gasket must be equal to or greater than 4 (four) millimeters.
  • the mechanical strength is thus naturally reinforced, but it is, above all, the dielectric strength of the gasket that is thus increased, in particular by considerably limiting the risks of an arc striking by perforating the gasket.
  • the inside contact surfaces 32 A & 32 B and the outside contact surfaces are of sufficiently large axial height, constituting bearing surfaces extending over large areas and not merely localized bearing surfaces, they contribute above all to increasing the dielectric strength of the gasket.
  • An axial height of at least 5 (five) millimeters is thus required.
  • the electric fields at the interface constituted by the inside contact surfaces 32 A and 32 B, and by the outside surface of the vacuum bottle are higher than the electric fields at the interface constituted by the outside contact surfaces 31 A and 31 B and by the inside surface of the casing.
  • the width of the inside contact surfaces 31 A and 31 B is thus greater than the width of the outside contact surfaces 32 A and 32 B. For the same clamping pressure during assembly, disassembly, and dismantlement, this enables the gasket to remain in place on the vacuum bottle.
  • the gasket is made of an elastomer material. While it is being mounted, it being deformed makes it possible to obtain contact pressures that are sufficient at its inside contact surfaces 32 A and 32 B and at its outside contact surfaces 31 A and 31 B.
  • the system is insensitive to temperature. By means of the shape of its side surfaces, the gasket is free to expand when the temperature rises, and to contract when the temperature falls.
  • the ratio of the areas subjected to pressure, i.e. the inside contact surfaces 32 A and 32 B and the outside contact surfaces 31 A and 31 B, to the areas that are free, i.e. the side surfaces 33 A, 33 B, 34 A, 34 B, 35 A, and 35 B is sufficiently small for the elastomer material of which the gaskets are made to expand and to contract freely with variations in temperature. This makes it possible to limit considerably the thermo-mechanical stresses within the gasket. Depending on the ratio of the loaded areas to the free areas, said thermo-mechanical stresses can degrade the systems.
  • Such a gasket has been qualified on an application of nominal voltage of 38 kV. It is capable of withstanding IEC and ANSI standardized voltages: a withstand voltage of 95 kilovolts root mean square (kVrms) for 60 seconds (s) at a frequency of 50 hertz (Hz), and a lightning strike voltage of 200 kVc with partial discharges less than or equal to 5 pico coulombs (pC). It withstands temperatures in the range ⁇ 40° C. to +115° C. continuously.
  • FIGS. 4B , 4 C, and 4 D Other detailed embodiments are shown in detail in FIGS. 4B , 4 C, and 4 D.
  • FIG. 4B shows an embodiment of the gasket that has a general shape similar to the shape shown in FIG. 4A , except that the outside contact surface 41 and the inside contact surface 42 are cylindrical and parallel to the axis 40 of the gasket.
  • This gasket also has a recess 45 opening out on a side surface completed by two side surface portions 44 A and 44 B. The other side surface is constituted by a portion 44 C perpendicularly connecting to the inside contact surface 42 .
  • FIG. 4C shows an embodiment of the gasket with a conical outside surface 51 and a conical inside surface 52 , sloping in opposite inclinations.
  • the remaining portions of the side surfaces are of design similar to the preceding side surfaces, i.e. one side surface has a recess 55 completed by two side portions 54 A and 54 B, the other side surface being completed by a side portion 54 C.
  • FIG. 4D a fourth embodiment is shown in FIG. 4D , in which the outside contact surface 61 and the inside contact surface 62 are curved with a relatively large radius of curvature. It can be observed that the general directions of the two surfaces are inclined slightly relative to the axis 60 of the gasket, i.e. they have frustoconical general directions that are opposite from one surface to the other.
  • This type of gasket also has a side recess 65 completed by two side portions 64 A and 64 B, the other side surface being completed by a side portion 64 C.
  • FIGS. 5A to 5M show that it is possible to give the gasket a section that is different from the section described in FIG. 4 .
  • the section shown by FIG. 5A is a rectangle.
  • the side surfaces are perpendicular to the axis 50 , whereas the inside contact surface and the outside contact surface are parallel thereto.
  • FIG. 5B shows a gasket section that is square.
  • the section shown in FIG. 5C is trapezium-shaped, the inside and the outside contact surfaces still being concentric with the axis 50 , but the side surfaces having respectively opposite inclinations.
  • the section shown in FIG. 5D has side surfaces constituted by two portions of opposite inclinations relative to the perpendicular to the axis 50 , i.e. forming surfaces that are slightly convex.
  • the section shown by FIG. 5E presents a side surface that is perpendicular to the axis 50 , and a rounded side surface of convex shape.
  • the section shown by FIG. 5F presents side surfaces in two portions, having different and opposite inclinations, forming a convex side surface that is V-shaped and a concave side surface that is V-shaped.
  • FIG. 5G shows a gasket one of whose side surfaces is made up of two surfaces of opposite inclinations forming a convex side surface, while its other side surface is slightly rounded.
  • FIG. 5H shows a gasket each of whose side surfaces is made up of two portions, and more precisely, has a concave portion and a convex portion, the side surfaces being S-shaped.
  • the section shown by FIG. 5I is an H-section, a recess of quadrilateral shape being formed in each side surface.
  • FIG. 5J shows a U-shaped section.
  • FIG. 5K shows a W-shaped gasket section.
  • FIG. 5L shows an M-shaped gasket section.
  • FIG. 5M shows an N-shaped section.
  • the dielectric performance of switchgear equipped with such gaskets is relatively high for switchgear that is relatively compact.
  • the dielectric strength is high at the contact interfaces between the gasket and the casing and between the gasket and the vacuum bottle.
  • the dielectric strength is high.
  • This resistance to tracking is characterized by the ability of the gasket to fit perfectly against the outside surface of the vacuum bottle or the inside face of the casing to oppose the formation of electrical sparks which would carbonize the surface of the gasket and/or the outside surface of the vacuum bottle between A and A′ and/or the inside face of the casing between B and B′ ( FIGS. 3A and 3B ), and would thus provide a path for current flow either between A and A′ or between B and B′.
  • the switchgear is relatively easy to dismantle at the end of its life, and the quantities of insulating material are small, complying with environmental standards.
  • This solution is of relatively low cost, and it is easy to industrialize by means of mass-production molding at high throughput and by means of adhesive-free assembly.
  • the assembly is insensitive to temperature variations, the gaskets being free to expand or to contract.

Landscapes

  • Gasket Seals (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Insulating Bodies (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Insulators (AREA)
US12/083,722 2005-10-18 2006-10-16 Dielectric Insulation Gasket for a Vacuum Bottle Abandoned US20090139956A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0553153A FR2892227B1 (fr) 2005-10-18 2005-10-18 Joint d'isolation dielectrique pour ampoule a vide
FR0553153 2005-10-18
PCT/EP2006/067453 WO2007045635A1 (fr) 2005-10-18 2006-10-16 Joint d'isolation dielectrique pour ampoule a vide

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20090139956A1 true US20090139956A1 (en) 2009-06-04

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ID=36636428

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/083,722 Abandoned US20090139956A1 (en) 2005-10-18 2006-10-16 Dielectric Insulation Gasket for a Vacuum Bottle

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US20090139956A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1938350B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101292318B (fr)
AT (1) ATE441935T1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0617323A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2626166C (fr)
DE (1) DE602006008972D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2333049T3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2892227B1 (fr)
MY (1) MY164256A (fr)
RU (1) RU2405225C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007045635A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI743857B (zh) * 2020-06-30 2021-10-21 緯創資通股份有限公司 電子裝置及其密封結構
CN112038166B (zh) * 2020-09-17 2022-08-23 安徽普众机电有限公司 一种高压绝缘陶瓷真空开关管

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2168872A (en) * 1934-10-02 1939-08-08 Arthur Mutscheller High voltage and high vacuum discharge device
US2320170A (en) * 1942-04-21 1943-05-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Cushion mounting for electrical apparatus
US2519436A (en) * 1946-03-11 1950-08-22 Breeze Corp Sealing and electrical shielding gasket
US3678914A (en) * 1969-03-28 1972-07-25 Perkins Engines Ltd Rubber mounted sump
US4157236A (en) * 1977-02-28 1979-06-05 Beloit Corporation Electrostatic dry former
US5247424A (en) * 1992-06-16 1993-09-21 International Business Machines Corporation Low temperature conduction module with gasket to provide a vacuum seal and electrical connections

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8403264U1 (de) * 1984-02-04 1984-05-10 Calor-Emag Elektrizitäts-Aktiengesellschaft, 4030 Ratingen Gekapselter Schalter
RU2142187C1 (ru) * 1997-07-18 1999-11-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Таврида Электрик Р" Реклоузер (автоматический выключатель воздушных линий) серии tel

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2168872A (en) * 1934-10-02 1939-08-08 Arthur Mutscheller High voltage and high vacuum discharge device
US2320170A (en) * 1942-04-21 1943-05-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Cushion mounting for electrical apparatus
US2519436A (en) * 1946-03-11 1950-08-22 Breeze Corp Sealing and electrical shielding gasket
US3678914A (en) * 1969-03-28 1972-07-25 Perkins Engines Ltd Rubber mounted sump
US4157236A (en) * 1977-02-28 1979-06-05 Beloit Corporation Electrostatic dry former
US5247424A (en) * 1992-06-16 1993-09-21 International Business Machines Corporation Low temperature conduction module with gasket to provide a vacuum seal and electrical connections

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE602006008972D1 (de) 2009-10-15
RU2405225C2 (ru) 2010-11-27
ES2333049T3 (es) 2010-02-16
MY164256A (en) 2017-11-30
CA2626166C (fr) 2015-04-14
FR2892227A1 (fr) 2007-04-20
CA2626166A1 (fr) 2007-04-26
CN101292318A (zh) 2008-10-22
RU2008119482A (ru) 2009-11-27
FR2892227B1 (fr) 2007-11-30
EP1938350A1 (fr) 2008-07-02
BRPI0617323A2 (pt) 2011-07-19
ATE441935T1 (de) 2009-09-15
WO2007045635A1 (fr) 2007-04-26
CN101292318B (zh) 2012-05-09
EP1938350B1 (fr) 2009-09-02

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AS Assignment

Owner name: AREVA T & D SA, FRANCE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TORTORICI, JEAN-FRANCOIS;GASCARD, OLIVIER;REEL/FRAME:022583/0551

Effective date: 20080205

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION