US20090115289A1 - Resonator Capable of Varying Its Resonance Frequency and Method for Varying Its Resonance Frequency - Google Patents
Resonator Capable of Varying Its Resonance Frequency and Method for Varying Its Resonance Frequency Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090115289A1 US20090115289A1 US11/988,322 US98832206A US2009115289A1 US 20090115289 A1 US20090115289 A1 US 20090115289A1 US 98832206 A US98832206 A US 98832206A US 2009115289 A1 US2009115289 A1 US 2009115289A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- resonator
- resonance frequency
- leaf springs
- varying
- movable electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005459 micromachining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B3/00—Devices comprising flexible or deformable elements, e.g. comprising elastic tongues or membranes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
- H01P7/06—Cavity resonators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/20—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N35/00—Magnetostrictive devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrical resonator capable of varying of its resonance frequency, particularly relates to lowering its manufacturing cost.
- Variable capacitors which have been used for a long time, are employed in broadcasting radio receivers, television receivers and the like together with inductors.
- the combined variable capacitors are useful for selecting tuning (or resonance) frequencies in such receivers.
- a mechanical force In order to change a capacitance of a variable capacitor, however, a mechanical force must be applied to the variable capacitor, so that it is fundamentally difficult to attain an automatic selection of a desired frequency.
- variable capacitance diode Desires to attain the automatic frequency selection led to an idea of a variable capacitance diode.
- the variable capacitance diode was thought of based on the following fact: when a reverse bias voltage is applied to a diode, a depletion-layer thickness of a p-n junction of the diode is changed depend on the applied reverse bias voltage. No mechanical components are required in such variable capacitance diode. Since a capacitance in the p-n junction is changed in accordance with the depletion-layer thickness, the variable capacitance diode was developed so as to control the capacitance of the diode by an applied voltage to the diode.
- variable capacitance diode enable computers to control tuning frequencies, which used to being changed manually by operators, so that the computers can search and tune broadcasting frequencies by scanning a predetermined frequency range automatically.
- variable capacitance range of the variable capacitance diode is narrow and when it is used in a resonance circuit consisting of a capacitor and an inductor, the number of components in the resonance circuit is increased, and further a Q value (quality factor) which indicates resonating performance, falls.
- Q value quality factor
- a piezoelectric thin film resonator is proposed as disclosed in reference 1 .
- the following piezoelectric phenomenon is utilized: when a mechanical deformation, namely an internal stress, is caused by electrostatic force, a mechanical resonance frequency is varied.
- the disclosed piezoelectric thin film resonator is a kind of mechanical filter, in other words, it is the mechanical filter which can control a resonance frequency by electrostatic force.
- the Q value of such mechanical filter is high so that a good frequency tuning is attained.
- variable capacitance diode and also the piezoelectric thin film resonator are manufactured by utilizing a semiconductor manufacturing process.
- analog elements are manufactured by the semiconductor manufacturing process, it is difficult to suppress dispersions in performance of such analog elements in a small range.
- piezoelectric thin films for the resonator are formed out of a wafer, thicknesses of the piezoelectric thin films disperse in a considerable range depending on positions in the wafer, so that resonance frequencies in the formed thin films also disperse in accordance with the dispersing thickness of the thin films. As a result, it is difficult to provide piezoelectric thin film resonators having good performance with less dispersion.
- a yield of the manufactured products is significantly affected by an allowable dispersion range in performance of the product and the yield directly reflects manufacturing cost of the product.
- the present invention is carried out in view of the above-mentioned problems in order to provide a resonator capable of varying its resonance frequency, which has good performance with a narrow dispersion range, and which is manufactured at a high yield for lowering its manufacturing cost.
- a resonator capable of varying its resonance frequency comprising: a fixed electrode; a movable electrode arranged with a predetermined distance apart from and parallel to the fixed electrode; a plurality of leaf springs with conductive property, all of which are bent outward or inward beforehand, arranged parallel apart from each other wherein, one end of each leaf spring is integrated into the fixed electrode and the other end of each leaf spring is integrated into the movable electrode; and an actuator attached to the movable electrode for deforming the leaf springs by pushing or pulling the movable electrode.
- the actuator is a piezoelectric element.
- the actuator is a magnetostriction element.
- the leaf springs are formed by utilizing micromachining manufacturing technology.
- conductive property of the leaf springs is attained by metal plating on the surfaces of the leaf springs.
- the present invention can provide the resonator capable of varying its resonance frequency, which has good performance with a narrow dispersion range.
- the resonator by the present invention can be manufactured at a high yield, so that its manufacturing cost is lowered to a larger extent.
- leaf springs are formed out of a monocrystal silicon by utilizing for example, micromachining manufacturing technology. Metal is plated on the surfaces of the leaf springs so as to bear conductivity.
- the resonator by the present invention is formed. Since a mechanical resonance of the leaf spring is not utilized in the present invention, a basic resonance frequency of the resonator does not depend on a finished precision of a structured body so much compared with a mechanical filter such as a crystal oscillator, so that the resonator having good performance with a very limited dispersion range can be provided at a higher manufacturing yield.
- An example from simulated results of the resonator by the present invention shows a resonance frequency of 21.8 GHz, when the resonator is not deformed by external force but is left as it is.
- the resonance frequency is changed to 19 GHz, which is changed by ca. 8% from the original frequency. If a shape of the resonator is properly optimized, it is possible to make a deformed rate of the resonator correspond to a changed rate of the resonance frequency.
- the resonator by the present invention can be formed as a quite tiny one, it can be built in, for example, a cellular phone, as a result the cellular phone can be used in various frequency ranges as well as can be used as an auto tuner for receiving ground waves of digital televisions.
- the resonance by the present invention can be applied to devices which utilize radio waves such as mobile devices and devices equipped in cars.
- FIG. 1 is schematic cross-sectional views for explaining an operational mechanism of the resonator by the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is views for explaining simulated results of the electrical path of the non-deformed resonator.
- FIG. 3 is views for explaining simulated results of the electrical path of the 22% deformed resonator.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an arrangement of an embodied resonator (before deformed).
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an arrangement of the embodied resonator (after deformed).
- FIG. 6 is cross-sectional views illustrating another examples of the leaf spring structure.
- FIG. 1 is the schematic cross-sectional views for explaining the operational mechanism of the embodied “resonator capable of varying its resonance frequency” by the present invention.
- the resonator capable of varying its resonance frequency (hereinafter referred as merely “the element”) is constituted by a fixed electrode 1 , a movable electrode 3 arranged with a predetermined distance apart from parallel to the fixed electrode, a pair of conductive leaf springs 2 - 1 , 2 - 2 which are slightly bent outward beforehand and arranged parallel apart from each other.
- the fixed electrode 1 is fixed with the aid of an unshown component and external force is applied to the external electrode 3 in order to deform the element.
- a current path of the element has a capacitance determined by a distributed constant and an inductance, which are being varied in accordance with a deformed degree of the element, so that the resonance frequency of the element is being varied.
- a chart in FIG. 2 shows the simulated result of electrical property of the current path of the element before it is deformed. As the chart in FIG. 2 shows, in this element the resonance frequency is 21.8 GHz. The resonance frequency depends on a three-dimensional shape of the element. When the resonance frequency falls into a high frequency range, the resonance frequency depends particularly on a superficial shape of the element due to a skin effect.
- a chart in FIG. 3 shows the simulated result of electrical property of the current path of the element after it is deformed 22% by applied external force.
- the resonance frequency of the element is 19.2 GHz.
- the electrical path is constituted by a spring material
- the deformation of the shape is reversible, so that a relation between the degree of the deformation and the resonance frequency change is kept being stable until the spring material reaches its life.
- a relation between the shape of the element and the frequency resonance is determined by a finished precision.
- the finished precision falls into 1 to 2 micrometer, which means an error rate of the element of 1 mm long is merely 0.1%.
- a simulated resonance frequency of the element by the present invention is not so changed as in the conventional mechanical filter. It can be concluded that since the resonance frequency change less depends on the finished precision, resonators of uniform quality can be obtained easily by the present invention compared with other mechanical filters.
- FIG. 4 is the cross-sectional view illustrating the arrangement of the embodied resonator.
- reference characters “ 2 - 1 ”, “ 2 - 2 ” are conductive leaf springs which are bent outward beforehand.
- a reference numeral “ 1 ” is a first fixed electrode. Ends of the conductive leaf springs 2 - 1 , 2 - 2 are respectively fixed to upper and lower surfaces of the first fixed electrode 1 . Other ends of the conductive leaf springs 2 - 1 , 2 - 2 are respectively fixed to upper and lower surfaces of the movable electrode 3 .
- Reference characters “ 4 - 1 ”, “ 4 - 2 ” are respectively a second fixed electrode and a third fixed electrode.
- a center portion of a leaf spring 5 is fixed to the movable electrode 3 and both ends of the leaf spring 5 are respectively fixed to the second fixed electrode 4 - 1 and the third fixed electrode 4 - 2 .
- a reference numeral “ 6 ” is a piezoelectric element used as an actuator for moving the movable electrode 3 to or from the fixed electrode 1 . Electrodes 7 , 8 are respectively fitted to upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric element 6 . A left side of the fixed electrode 1 and a right side of the piezoelectric element 6 are fixed to an unshown fixing base.
- the piezoelectric element 6 When a required direct current voltage is applied to the electrodes 7 and 8 , the piezoelectric element 6 is elongated in a longitudinal direction, the leaf springs 2 - 1 , 2 - 2 and 5 are deformed as shown in FIG. 5 , so that the distributed constant of the electrical path is changed, as a result, the resonance frequency is changed to a required frequency.
- the leaf springs 2 - 1 , 2 - 2 and 5 are made out of a metal.
- Materials for these springs are not limited to metals, but a monocrystal silicon and plastic are also employed as the materials for the leaf springs.
- metal such as gold or the like is plated on surfaces of the leaf springs in order to make the leaf springs conductive.
- the leaf springs 2 - 1 and 2 - 2 are not necessarily formed as separate components, but can be formed as one component, namely, a leaf spring with a square frame shaped cross-section or a laid U shaped cross-section as shown in FIG. 6 .
- the fixed electrode 1 and the movable electrode 3 are fixed to folded sides of the leaf spring portions 2 - 1 , 2 - 2 , or the folded sides can be formed as electrodes in place of the electrodes 1 and 3 .
- the one-pieced leaf spring composite with the square frame shaped cross-section can be formed out of a monocrystal silicone wafer by utilizing micromachining technology.
- the one-pieced leaf spring composite is manufactured in the following steps: the silicone wafer is anisotropically etched so as to form a component with the square frame shaped cross-section such that surfaces of the leaf spring portions are parallel to a surface of the wafer; surfaces of the formed component by the anisotropic etching are plated with gold.
- the shape of the leaf spring 5 is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 4 , but any shape can be acceptable as far as the deformation of the leaf spring is reversible.
- the actuator for moving the movable electrode right or left (to or from) is not limited to the piezoelectric element, but a proper electric-mechanic conversion element such as a magnetostriction element, a solenoid and the like can be employed.
- the number of the leaf springs 2 is not limited to two, but any numbers three or more of the leaf springs can be employed. In this case, the leaf springs should be evenly arranged around an imagined circle of which axis is parallel to a longitudinal direction of the leaf springs.
- leaf springs are bent outward beforehand so as to form so-called a barrel shape, but leaf springs are bent inward beforehand so as to form so-called a tudumi (small shoulder drum) shape.
- the resonator by the present invention of which resonance frequency less depends on a finished precision so that good performance with a small dispersion is attained.
- the resonator can be manufactured at a high yield so that the resonator is manufactured at lowered cost.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005-202951 | 2005-07-12 | ||
JP2005202951A JP3887662B2 (ja) | 2005-07-12 | 2005-07-12 | 共振周波数可変共振子 |
PCT/JP2006/312794 WO2007007545A1 (ja) | 2005-07-12 | 2006-06-27 | 共振周波数可変共振子およびその共振周波数可変方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20090115289A1 true US20090115289A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
Family
ID=37636941
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/988,322 Abandoned US20090115289A1 (en) | 2005-07-12 | 2006-06-27 | Resonator Capable of Varying Its Resonance Frequency and Method for Varying Its Resonance Frequency |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090115289A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1923995A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3887662B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20080033931A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200711255A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007007545A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090326583A1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2009-12-31 | Missoum Moumene | Posterior Dynamic Stabilization System With Flexible Ligament |
US20120092228A1 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-04-19 | Sony Corporation | Variable capacitance device, antenna module, and communication apparatus |
US9320543B2 (en) | 2009-06-25 | 2016-04-26 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Posterior dynamic stabilization device having a mobile anchor |
US10677307B2 (en) | 2018-04-24 | 2020-06-09 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Barrel spring |
US20230015489A1 (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2023-01-19 | Honeywell Federal Manufacturing & Technologies, Llc | Lattice design for energy absorption and vibration damping applications |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9232968B2 (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2016-01-12 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Polymeric pedicle rods and methods of manufacturing |
US8641734B2 (en) | 2009-02-13 | 2014-02-04 | DePuy Synthes Products, LLC | Dual spring posterior dynamic stabilization device with elongation limiting elastomers |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2179068A (en) * | 1937-12-09 | 1939-11-07 | Sprague Specialties Co | Variable condenser |
US6088214A (en) * | 1998-06-01 | 2000-07-11 | Motorola, Inc. | Voltage variable capacitor array and method of manufacture thereof |
US20040189141A1 (en) * | 1997-09-08 | 2004-09-30 | Avto Tavkhelidze | Thermionic vacuum diode device with adjustable electrodes |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6025252U (ja) * | 1983-07-26 | 1985-02-20 | アルプス電気株式会社 | 局部発振器 |
JPH01221900A (ja) * | 1988-02-29 | 1989-09-05 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 超伝導加速空胴 |
JPH0247005U (ja) * | 1988-09-27 | 1990-03-30 | ||
JPH0390501U (ja) * | 1989-12-29 | 1991-09-13 | ||
JPH047905A (ja) * | 1990-04-25 | 1992-01-13 | Kyocera Corp | 誘電体共振器 |
JPH0590813A (ja) * | 1991-09-30 | 1993-04-09 | Kyocera Corp | 誘電体共振器 |
JPH076702A (ja) * | 1993-06-17 | 1995-01-10 | Toshiba Corp | クライストロンの共振空胴構体 |
JPH09162629A (ja) * | 1995-12-07 | 1997-06-20 | Itec Kk | マイクロストリップアンテナ |
JP3871589B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-18 | 2007-01-24 | 八木アンテナ株式会社 | 双ループアンテナ |
-
2005
- 2005-07-12 JP JP2005202951A patent/JP3887662B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-06-27 US US11/988,322 patent/US20090115289A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-06-27 EP EP06767411A patent/EP1923995A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-06-27 WO PCT/JP2006/312794 patent/WO2007007545A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-07-10 TW TW095125091A patent/TW200711255A/zh unknown
-
2007
- 2007-06-27 KR KR1020087000149A patent/KR20080033931A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2179068A (en) * | 1937-12-09 | 1939-11-07 | Sprague Specialties Co | Variable condenser |
US20040189141A1 (en) * | 1997-09-08 | 2004-09-30 | Avto Tavkhelidze | Thermionic vacuum diode device with adjustable electrodes |
US6088214A (en) * | 1998-06-01 | 2000-07-11 | Motorola, Inc. | Voltage variable capacitor array and method of manufacture thereof |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090326583A1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2009-12-31 | Missoum Moumene | Posterior Dynamic Stabilization System With Flexible Ligament |
US9320543B2 (en) | 2009-06-25 | 2016-04-26 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Posterior dynamic stabilization device having a mobile anchor |
US20120092228A1 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-04-19 | Sony Corporation | Variable capacitance device, antenna module, and communication apparatus |
US8749445B2 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2014-06-10 | Sony Corporation | Variable capacitance device, antenna module, and communication apparatus |
US10677307B2 (en) | 2018-04-24 | 2020-06-09 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Barrel spring |
US20230015489A1 (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2023-01-19 | Honeywell Federal Manufacturing & Technologies, Llc | Lattice design for energy absorption and vibration damping applications |
US11761503B2 (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2023-09-19 | Honeywell Federal Manufacturing & Technologies, Llc | Lattice design for energy absorption and vibration damping applications |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW200711255A (en) | 2007-03-16 |
KR20080033931A (ko) | 2008-04-17 |
JP3887662B2 (ja) | 2007-02-28 |
JP2007027840A (ja) | 2007-02-01 |
WO2007007545A1 (ja) | 2007-01-18 |
EP1923995A1 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MICRO PRECISION CO. & LTD., JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ASADA, NORIHIRO;REEL/FRAME:020380/0699 Effective date: 20071218 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |