US20090065181A1 - System and method for heat exchanger fluid handling with atmospheric tower - Google Patents
System and method for heat exchanger fluid handling with atmospheric tower Download PDFInfo
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- US20090065181A1 US20090065181A1 US11/851,892 US85189207A US2009065181A1 US 20090065181 A1 US20090065181 A1 US 20090065181A1 US 85189207 A US85189207 A US 85189207A US 2009065181 A1 US2009065181 A1 US 2009065181A1
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- fluid
- outlet
- fluid outlet
- scv
- reservoir
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 210
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000947772 Strawberry crinkle virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
- F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
- F28C1/02—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers with counter-current only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D21/0017—Flooded core heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
- F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
- F28C2001/006—Systems comprising cooling towers, e.g. for recooling a cooling medium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0033—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cryogenic applications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Definitions
- the invention pertains generally to the field of hydraulics and fluid handling. More particularly, the invention relates to a hydraulic system and method for handling fluids that are used in heat exchangers. More particularly, the invention pertains to a system for circulating heat exchange fluid between two heat exchange devices, where one device is an atmospheric heating or cooling tower.
- Heat exchangers are in wide use in industry. Many of these heat exchangers involve some form of circulating fluid.
- the fluid may be water, water treated with chemicals, or some other liquid.
- the words “water” and “fluid” are used interchangeably in this specification.
- Cooling towers are traditionally used in industrial applications to cool fluid that is supplied to the tower at a relatively warm temperature, i.e., above an ambient temperature, down to a relatively cooler temperature closer to the ambient temperature. Cooling towers in some cases involve the spraying of the warm fluid from the top of the tower, sometimes over a fill medium, and also in some instances using a fan to force air through the tower so that the water falls through the tower, contacting the fill medium and the air and falls into a collection basin at the bottom of the tower. As the warm fluid falls through the tower, it will generally be cooled to a cooler temperature. These are called open loop cooling towers because the fluid being cooled contacts the air.
- a cooling tower type structure it is also possible to operate a cooling tower type structure to be a heating tower.
- the supply of the cool fluid into the top of the tower will result in a warming of the fluid so that the fluid collected at the basin at the bottom of the tower is warmer than when it entered the tower.
- An open rack vaporizer is essentially a large water tank having a closed coil submerged in the tank.
- the LNG is passed through the closed coils.
- Water is drawn from a relatively warm external source, such as sea water, and is circulated into and through the tank.
- the LNG is warmed by the vaporization coil being in contact with the warm sea water.
- the water becomes cooled by contact with the vaporization coils and then is discharged, usually back into the sea.
- Another type of LNG evaporator is a shell and tube arrangement with the LNG in tubes that have a shell surrounding the tubes having warmer water passed through it.
- SCV submerged combustion vaporizer
- An SCV is similar to an open rack vaporizer in that it is essentially a tank of water having the vaporization coils submerged therein. However, rather than circulating any water into and out of the tank in an SCV, heat is continually added by means of a gas fired burner submerged in the tank.
- the details of SCVs can vary, but in general the gas fired burner is operated so as to add heat into the water tank at substantially the same rate at which heat is being drawn out from the water by the vaporization coil.
- the amount of heat added by the submerged burner can be relatively steady, controlled by modulating the gas burn rate and using the water as a temperature change buffer.
- the water in the SCV is generally self-contained, there is some water produced in the combustion process and condensed out of the hot gas stream. It is removed to prevent flooding the burner, usually by an overflow outlet port.
- the invention in one aspect pertains to a fluid handling system, comprising a first heat exchange device having a first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet; a second heat exchange device having a second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet; a first conduit connected to the first fluid outlet to the second fluid inlet; a first reservoir that receives fluid from the first fluid outlet; a second reservoir that receives fluid from the second fluid outlet; a second conduit connected to the second reservoir to the first fluid inlet; and a third, fluid equalization, conduit connected to the first reservoir to the second reservoir and equalizes the fluid levels in the first and second reservoirs with each other, further comprising a weir in fluid communication with the second fluid outlet, wherein the weir is disposed between the second fluid outlet and the second reservoir so the second reservoir receives fluid from the weir.
- the second heat exchange device comprises a liquefied natural gas (LNG) vaporizer.
- Another aspect of the invention pertains to a fluid handling system, comprising an atmospheric heating tower having a first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet; a submerged combustion vaporizer (SCV) having a second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet; first means for connecting the first fluid outlet to the second fluid inlet; and second means for the second fluid outlet to the first fluid inlet.
- SCV submerged combustion vaporizer
- Yet another aspect of the invention pertains to a fluid handling method, providing a first heat exchange device having a first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet, a second heat exchange device having a second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet, a first conduit connected to the first fluid outlet to the second fluid inlet, a first reservoir that receives fluid from the first fluid outlet, a second reservoir that receives fluid from the second fluid outlet, a second conduit that connects the second reservoir to the first fluid inlet, and equalizes the fluid levels in the first and second reservoirs with each other.
- a fluid handling method comprises providing an atmospheric heating tower having a first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet; a submerged combustion vaporizer (SCV) having a second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet, circulating fluid from the first fluid outlet to the second fluid inlet, and circulating fluid from the second fluid outlet to the first fluid inlet.
- SCV submerged combustion vaporizer
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange system according to a first preferred embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange system according to a second preferred embodiment.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a system involving two heat exchangers which can be useful for several purposes.
- One useful purpose for this heat exchanger system is the vaporization of LNG.
- LNG will be used as an example throughout the specification, it will be appreciated that the system could be useful for the vaporization of other materials and for any other industrial or other operation where it is desired to add heat to a material.
- an atmospheric heating tower to add supplemental or entire heat to a LNG vaporizer such as an SCV
- some aspects of the system can be used for an atmospheric cooling tower to provide supplemental or entire cooling to other individual systems.
- an SCV 10 is shown, which in this instance is for vaporization of LNG.
- This SCV 10 has a water inlet and water outlet so in addition to, or instead of, heat being supplied to the SCV coil via the SCV gas burner, heat can also be supplied to the coil by supplying warm water to the SCV 10 , and drawing out cooler water.
- the arrangement could in some applications be a heat exchanger that adds heat.
- the SCV 10 includes an LNG vaporization coil 12 having a liquid gas inlet 14 and a vaporized outlet 16 . LNG enters the coil at inlet 14 and heat is added to it so that the vaporized gas exits at outlet 16 .
- the coil 12 is suspended within a tank 18 which is filled with water or another heat exchange fluid 20 .
- a gas combustion device 22 which may burn natural gas and other fuel.
- the combustion device 22 may provide hot flue gas via a flue 24 which may be provided beneath the coil 12 to conduct heat into the fluid 20 , and also to exhaust hot gas bubbles over the coil 12 , further adding heat to the material being vaporized.
- an atmospheric heating tower 30 is also utilized.
- the heating tower 30 draws air in to a lower air inlet 32 and exhausts the air out of a fan-powered outlet 34 .
- a pump 36 labeled P 1 , is provided to draw fluid out of the SCV 10 via a conduit 35 and pump it through a conduit 37 to a series of spray heads 38 near the top of the tower 30 .
- the fluid thus drawn from the SCV is sprayed over a fill material 40 so that as it falls over the fill material 40 it contacts the air and has heat imparted to it. This will occur as long as the fluid drawn from the SCV 10 and being sprayed out the nozzles 38 is cooler than the ambient air.
- the fluid in the lower basin 42 which is warmer than the fluid that was drawn from SCV 10 , can now be supplied back to the SCV 10 using a conduit 43 and a pump 44 , labeled P 2 .
- the pump 44 supplies the warmer fluid through a conduit 45 which may simply terminate into the SCV, or may distribute the warm water through a variety of outputs 46 .
- the pumps 36 and 44 are operated at substantially the same flow rate so that the fluid is basically pumped in a cycle out of the SCV towards the heating tower, and then back from the heating tower back into the SCV.
- This is a first embodiment.
- one aspect of this system is that in most conditions the atmospheric heating tower will actually generate additional fluid in the form of water due to condensation that occurs in the tower. Therefore, some provision can be provided, such as an overflow discharge port 50 provided at a maximum desired fluid level of the basin 42 .
- An overflow discharge port 52 can similarly be provided in the SCV 10 .
- the system described in FIG. 1 does have some possible disadvantages.
- the pump 44 fails, or if the conduits associated with pump 44 fail, it is possible that the re-supply of fluid back into the SCV 10 could be reduced or blocked entirely.
- the pump 36 continues to run, it is possible that water will continue to be pumped out of the SCV 10 and the SCV 10 could be “run dry” or at least partially dry. This condition can be undesirable.
- the water that is pumped out from the SCV 10 by the pump 36 would be added into the heating tower, but would fall into the basin 42 as overflow and be discharged out the overflow discharge port 50 .
- Another possible undesirable condition is if pump 36 fails. In such a case, it is possible that the pump 44 will feed excess water into the SCV 10 which is not removed, which could in some instances “swamp” the SCV burner.
- a first heat exchanger such as an SCV, for example
- a second heat exchanger such as a heating tower, for example
- the systems described herein could be applied to any types of heat exchangers that involve the addition and removal of fluid from the heat exchangers to provide fluid communication between the heat exchangers, with at least one of the heat exchangers having a fluid level that is vented to the atmospheric pressure.
- FIG. 2 a second embodiment of an improved fluid handling system is shown in which reference numerals in FIG. 2 depict like components as in FIG. 1 .
- the SCV 10 is shown having a fluid 20 at an operating level L 1 .
- L 1 it is typically desirable to have L 1 to be maintained in a range so that it is not too high such that it would swamp the burner, and not too low such that it would fail to add heat to the coils, which could lead to coil freezing or other undesirable situations.
- the heating tower 30 can be connected to the SCV 10 such that the heating tower 30 can supply warmed water to the SCV.
- L 1 will raise to a level and fluid will exit the SCV via a main outlet port 60 , which may have a valve associated therewith.
- the exiting fluid flows from the main outlet port 60 into a holding weir 62 .
- the valve associated with the port 60 be closed, or should the increase in the fluid level L 1 become greater than handled by the outlet 60 , as the fluid level L 1 raises, it will reach an overflow port 64 .
- fluid Upon reaching the height of the overflow port 64 , fluid will exit the SCV and also enter the weir 62 . This provides a beneficial feature by which the fluid level in the SCV will not swamp the burner.
- the weir chamber 62 has a sidewall 66 , and as the level in the weir chamber 62 exceeds the height of the sidewall 66 , the fluid will further be transferred into a buffer tank 68 .
- a conduit 35 for drawing water out of the holding reservoir 68 leads to the pump 36 which pumps the fluid through conduit 37 and up to the nozzles 38 in the heating tower.
- the fluid is passed over the fill medium 40 and falls into the basin 42 .
- Fluid is drawn from the basin 42 out by the pump 44 via conduit 43 and is supplied back to the SCV through the supply openings 46 .
- the level L 2 of the basin fluid will increase.
- basin fluid will flow into a holding reservoir 70 as shown.
- the holding reservoir 70 is in fluid communication with the holding reservoir 68 via a flow equalization pipe 72 .
- the level L 3 of the holding reservoir 70 will generally stay substantially equal to the level L 4 of the holding reservoir 68 .
- the oversupply of fluid is deposited into the holding reservoirs 68 and 70 , where they will equalize. Since the pump 36 draws from conduit 35 which is in fluid communication with both holding reservoirs 68 and 70 , some fluid will always be available to be pumped into the heating tower.
- a single overflow bleed device 80 can be provided at either the holding reservoirs 68 or 70 .
- the overflow bleed device 80 is provided on the reservoir 68 such that when L 4 reaches a suitably high level, the excess fluid will be removed.
- the height of the bleed device 80 will generally be less than a wall 82 that defines a side of the reservoir 70 and a wall 84 that defines a height of the weir chamber 62 .
- an additional overflow discharge (not shown) can be added to holding reservoir 70 .
- a benefit of the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 2 is that in the case of a failure of either of the pumps 36 and 40 , by virtue of the flow equalization pipe 72 , the problems of swamping the burner, emptying the SCV or draining of the whole system can be avoided.
- pump 36 fails, pump 44 will draw water out of the basin 42 and supply it to the SCV 10 .
- all the water that is added to the SCV 10 will exit via the outlet tube 64 and main port 60 to avoid an overflow, and will enter the weir 62 and the reservoir 68 , and by virtue of the flow equalization pipe 72 the levels L 3 and L 4 will rise together.
- the water will be fed directly to the basin 42 and continue to re-circulate as described above.
- the heating tower will not be adding heat to the water, but essentially a short circuit is created such that water is not lost and the SCV can continue to operate on its own.
- pump 36 will withdraw fluid from the reservoir 68 and pump it through the cooling tower 30 . Since pump 44 is inoperative, the fluid in the basin will rise such that it exits the weir 41 and enters the reservoir 70 , traveling through the flow equalization pipe 72 back to the reservoir 68 . In this case, another short circuit is provided where the heating tower will operate but will not be interacting in any way with the SCV. Thus, the SCV can continue to operate on its own.
- Valves 90 and 92 can be provided as shown so that the SCV 10 can be isolated from the heating tower when desired.
- the valve at the outlet port 60 may also be closed in connection with this.
- the levels L 4 and L 3 will tend to stay equalized with each other due to the flow equalization pipe 72 .
- the reservoir 68 is depicted as being essentially attached to the SCV 10
- the reservoir 70 as essentially attached to the cooling tower 30 .
- suitable plumbing modifications can be made so that these reservoirs can exist at the same height.
- the levels L 1 and L 2 are shown as being substantially the same. However, again, where the cooling tower 30 is installed at a substantially different elevation than the SCV 10 , these levels do not need to be the same as each other. Rather, suitable plumbing can be implemented to connect to the reservoirs to their respective heat exchange devices.
Abstract
Description
- The invention pertains generally to the field of hydraulics and fluid handling. More particularly, the invention relates to a hydraulic system and method for handling fluids that are used in heat exchangers. More particularly, the invention pertains to a system for circulating heat exchange fluid between two heat exchange devices, where one device is an atmospheric heating or cooling tower.
- Heat exchangers are in wide use in industry. Many of these heat exchangers involve some form of circulating fluid. The fluid may be water, water treated with chemicals, or some other liquid. The words “water” and “fluid” are used interchangeably in this specification.
- One type of heat exchanger is an atmospheric cooling tower. Such cooling towers are traditionally used in industrial applications to cool fluid that is supplied to the tower at a relatively warm temperature, i.e., above an ambient temperature, down to a relatively cooler temperature closer to the ambient temperature. Cooling towers in some cases involve the spraying of the warm fluid from the top of the tower, sometimes over a fill medium, and also in some instances using a fan to force air through the tower so that the water falls through the tower, contacting the fill medium and the air and falls into a collection basin at the bottom of the tower. As the warm fluid falls through the tower, it will generally be cooled to a cooler temperature. These are called open loop cooling towers because the fluid being cooled contacts the air. There are also closed loop towers where the fluid being cooled circulates through a closed coil in the tower, but another fluid is sprayed over the coil as discussed above. Also, dry cooling towers use only the coils and do not have the falling spray water. The details of these and other types of cooling towers are well known to those skilled in the art.
- It is also possible to operate a cooling tower type structure to be a heating tower. In such circumstances where the fluid is supplied to the tower starting at a temperature cooler than the ambient air temperature, the supply of the cool fluid into the top of the tower will result in a warming of the fluid so that the fluid collected at the basin at the bottom of the tower is warmer than when it entered the tower.
- It has generally been most common in industrial applications to utilize heat exchange towers as cooling towers. However, there are arising certain situations where a heating tower can be beneficial. One such situation is in the case of liquid natural gas (LNG) evaporators. In these evaporators, liquid natural gas is vaporized by the addition of heat. This can result in a supply of cold fluid which is desired to be warm.
- Turning to a different aspect of LNG vaporization, there are some known heat exchangers for use in LNG vaporization. One example is a so-called open rack vaporizer. An open rack vaporizer is essentially a large water tank having a closed coil submerged in the tank. The LNG is passed through the closed coils. Water is drawn from a relatively warm external source, such as sea water, and is circulated into and through the tank. The LNG is warmed by the vaporization coil being in contact with the warm sea water. The water becomes cooled by contact with the vaporization coils and then is discharged, usually back into the sea. In some instances there are environmental limits on the use of these evaporators.
- Another type of LNG evaporator is a shell and tube arrangement with the LNG in tubes that have a shell surrounding the tubes having warmer water passed through it.
- Yet another type of LNG evaporator is a so-called submerged combustion vaporizer (SCV). An SCV is similar to an open rack vaporizer in that it is essentially a tank of water having the vaporization coils submerged therein. However, rather than circulating any water into and out of the tank in an SCV, heat is continually added by means of a gas fired burner submerged in the tank. The details of SCVs can vary, but in general the gas fired burner is operated so as to add heat into the water tank at substantially the same rate at which heat is being drawn out from the water by the vaporization coil. The amount of heat added by the submerged burner can be relatively steady, controlled by modulating the gas burn rate and using the water as a temperature change buffer. Although the water in the SCV is generally self-contained, there is some water produced in the combustion process and condensed out of the hot gas stream. It is removed to prevent flooding the burner, usually by an overflow outlet port.
- Each of the methods described above is useful in industry and has various advantages. However, it would be desirable to have a heat exchange fluid handling system and method that provides in some instances a more controllable, energy efficient, or otherwise beneficial-to-operate arrangement.
- The invention in one aspect pertains to a fluid handling system, comprising a first heat exchange device having a first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet; a second heat exchange device having a second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet; a first conduit connected to the first fluid outlet to the second fluid inlet; a first reservoir that receives fluid from the first fluid outlet; a second reservoir that receives fluid from the second fluid outlet; a second conduit connected to the second reservoir to the first fluid inlet; and a third, fluid equalization, conduit connected to the first reservoir to the second reservoir and equalizes the fluid levels in the first and second reservoirs with each other, further comprising a weir in fluid communication with the second fluid outlet, wherein the weir is disposed between the second fluid outlet and the second reservoir so the second reservoir receives fluid from the weir. The second heat exchange device comprises a liquefied natural gas (LNG) vaporizer.
- Another aspect of the invention pertains to a fluid handling system, comprising an atmospheric heating tower having a first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet; a submerged combustion vaporizer (SCV) having a second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet; first means for connecting the first fluid outlet to the second fluid inlet; and second means for the second fluid outlet to the first fluid inlet.
- Yet another aspect of the invention pertains to a fluid handling method, providing a first heat exchange device having a first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet, a second heat exchange device having a second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet, a first conduit connected to the first fluid outlet to the second fluid inlet, a first reservoir that receives fluid from the first fluid outlet, a second reservoir that receives fluid from the second fluid outlet, a second conduit that connects the second reservoir to the first fluid inlet, and equalizes the fluid levels in the first and second reservoirs with each other.
- In another aspect of the invention, a fluid handling method comprises providing an atmospheric heating tower having a first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet; a submerged combustion vaporizer (SCV) having a second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet, circulating fluid from the first fluid outlet to the second fluid inlet, and circulating fluid from the second fluid outlet to the first fluid inlet.
- There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, certain embodiments of the invention in order that the detailed description thereof herein may be better understood, and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are, of course, additional embodiments of the invention that will be described below and which will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto.
- In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of embodiments in addition to those described and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein, as well as the abstract, are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.
- As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception upon which this disclosure is based may readily be utilized as a basis for the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange system according to a first preferred embodiment. -
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange system according to a second preferred embodiment. -
FIG. 1 illustrates a system involving two heat exchangers which can be useful for several purposes. One useful purpose for this heat exchanger system is the vaporization of LNG. Although the vaporization of LNG will be used as an example throughout the specification, it will be appreciated that the system could be useful for the vaporization of other materials and for any other industrial or other operation where it is desired to add heat to a material. Also, although one example described below uses an atmospheric heating tower to add supplemental or entire heat to a LNG vaporizer such as an SCV, it will be appreciated that some aspects of the system can be used for an atmospheric cooling tower to provide supplemental or entire cooling to other individual systems. - Turning to
FIG. 1 , anSCV 10 is shown, which in this instance is for vaporization of LNG. This SCV 10 has a water inlet and water outlet so in addition to, or instead of, heat being supplied to the SCV coil via the SCV gas burner, heat can also be supplied to the coil by supplying warm water to theSCV 10, and drawing out cooler water. However, instead of an SCV, the arrangement could in some applications be a heat exchanger that adds heat. In this example, theSCV 10 includes an LNG vaporization coil 12 having aliquid gas inlet 14 and a vaporizedoutlet 16. LNG enters the coil atinlet 14 and heat is added to it so that the vaporized gas exits atoutlet 16. The coil 12 is suspended within atank 18 which is filled with water or anotherheat exchange fluid 20. One way of adding heat to the fluid 20 is the use of agas combustion device 22, which may burn natural gas and other fuel. Thecombustion device 22 may provide hot flue gas via aflue 24 which may be provided beneath the coil 12 to conduct heat into the fluid 20, and also to exhaust hot gas bubbles over the coil 12, further adding heat to the material being vaporized. - In some conditions, the use of the
combustion device 22 by itself may not be the most efficient way to add heat to the system. Therefore, in the embodiment ofFIG. 1 anatmospheric heating tower 30 is also utilized. Theheating tower 30 draws air in to alower air inlet 32 and exhausts the air out of a fan-poweredoutlet 34. Apump 36, labeled P1, is provided to draw fluid out of theSCV 10 via aconduit 35 and pump it through aconduit 37 to a series of spray heads 38 near the top of thetower 30. The fluid thus drawn from the SCV is sprayed over afill material 40 so that as it falls over thefill material 40 it contacts the air and has heat imparted to it. This will occur as long as the fluid drawn from theSCV 10 and being sprayed out thenozzles 38 is cooler than the ambient air. - After the fluid falls beneath the
fill material 40, it is collected in alower basin 42. The fluid in thelower basin 42, which is warmer than the fluid that was drawn fromSCV 10, can now be supplied back to theSCV 10 using aconduit 43 and apump 44, labeled P2. Thepump 44 supplies the warmer fluid through aconduit 45 which may simply terminate into the SCV, or may distribute the warm water through a variety ofoutputs 46. - It will be appreciated depending upon atmospheric conditions and other conditions within the equipment, as well as factors such as gas cost, it may be desirable sometimes to operate only with the heating tower, for example, if the ambient air is extremely warm and the heating tower is scaled so that it can add enough heat for vaporization. However, due to climactic changes, or other design factors, it may be desirable to operate the SCV part of the time. It is possible to control and modulate the SCV, as well as the heating tower, to operate both of them to supply heat at the same time and at different rates, or to operate only one or the other of the heating tower and the SCV. In this way, use of fuel can be reduced, and other operating efficiencies can be obtained.
- In the example shown in
FIG. 1 , thepumps overflow discharge port 50 provided at a maximum desired fluid level of thebasin 42. Anoverflow discharge port 52 can similarly be provided in theSCV 10. - The system described in
FIG. 1 does have some possible disadvantages. For example, if thepump 44 fails, or if the conduits associated withpump 44 fail, it is possible that the re-supply of fluid back into theSCV 10 could be reduced or blocked entirely. In such a case, if thepump 36 continues to run, it is possible that water will continue to be pumped out of theSCV 10 and theSCV 10 could be “run dry” or at least partially dry. This condition can be undesirable. The water that is pumped out from theSCV 10 by thepump 36 would be added into the heating tower, but would fall into thebasin 42 as overflow and be discharged out theoverflow discharge port 50. - Another possible undesirable condition is if
pump 36 fails. In such a case, it is possible that thepump 44 will feed excess water into theSCV 10 which is not removed, which could in some instances “swamp” the SCV burner. - Depending on the relative installation height of the
SCV 10 and theheating tower 30, it may be possible to operate a system using only one pump (pump 36), if the heating tower were installed high enough that its head distance could provide the function presently shown by thepump 44. However, in most practical installations it is expected that a two pump system would be more desirable. - It can some times be desirable to have a system that would maintain the operating fluid levels at desired levels where a first heat exchanger (such as an SCV, for example) is connected to a second heat exchanger (such as a heating tower, for example). It can also some times be desirable to accommodate the failure of the pumps that are running in either direction from one device to another. It is noticed that while the examples of an SCV and an atmospheric heating tower are given, the systems described herein could be applied to any types of heat exchangers that involve the addition and removal of fluid from the heat exchangers to provide fluid communication between the heat exchangers, with at least one of the heat exchangers having a fluid level that is vented to the atmospheric pressure.
- Turning now to
FIG. 2 , a second embodiment of an improved fluid handling system is shown in which reference numerals inFIG. 2 depict like components as inFIG. 1 . Continuing withFIG. 2 , theSCV 10 is shown having a fluid 20 at an operating level L1. As discussed above, it is typically desirable to have L1 to be maintained in a range so that it is not too high such that it would swamp the burner, and not too low such that it would fail to add heat to the coils, which could lead to coil freezing or other undesirable situations. - Somewhat similar to the embodiment of
FIG. 1 , theheating tower 30 can be connected to theSCV 10 such that theheating tower 30 can supply warmed water to the SCV. In the case of such a supply, L1 will raise to a level and fluid will exit the SCV via amain outlet port 60, which may have a valve associated therewith. The exiting fluid flows from themain outlet port 60 into a holdingweir 62. Should the valve associated with theport 60 be closed, or should the increase in the fluid level L1 become greater than handled by theoutlet 60, as the fluid level L1 raises, it will reach anoverflow port 64. Upon reaching the height of theoverflow port 64, fluid will exit the SCV and also enter theweir 62. This provides a beneficial feature by which the fluid level in the SCV will not swamp the burner. - The
weir chamber 62 has asidewall 66, and as the level in theweir chamber 62 exceeds the height of thesidewall 66, the fluid will further be transferred into abuffer tank 68. Aconduit 35 for drawing water out of the holdingreservoir 68 leads to thepump 36 which pumps the fluid throughconduit 37 and up to thenozzles 38 in the heating tower. - The fluid is passed over the
fill medium 40 and falls into thebasin 42. Fluid is drawn from thebasin 42 out by thepump 44 viaconduit 43 and is supplied back to the SCV through thesupply openings 46. Should the rate of supply of water into thebasin 42 exceed the rate of the withdrawal of fluid from thebasin 42, the level L2 of the basin fluid will increase. Should the level L2 of the basin fluid exceed a predetermined level, basin fluid will flow into a holdingreservoir 70 as shown. - The holding
reservoir 70 is in fluid communication with the holdingreservoir 68 via aflow equalization pipe 72. Thus, the level L3 of the holdingreservoir 70 will generally stay substantially equal to the level L4 of the holdingreservoir 68. In this way, if either theheat exchanger basin 42 or theSCV fluid 20 is receiving an oversupply of fluid, the oversupply of fluid is deposited into the holdingreservoirs pump 36 draws fromconduit 35 which is in fluid communication with both holdingreservoirs - As has been noted above, in some instances the heating tower will add water to the system via condensation. Thus, the additional water will overflow into the holding
reservoirs overflow bleed device 80 can be provided at either the holdingreservoirs overflow bleed device 80 is provided on thereservoir 68 such that when L4 reaches a suitably high level, the excess fluid will be removed. The height of thebleed device 80 will generally be less than awall 82 that defines a side of thereservoir 70 and awall 84 that defines a height of theweir chamber 62. Thus, the two separate overflow discharges such as 50 and 52 inFIG. 1 are not reached. However, for redundancy in case of blockage of theflow equalization pipe 72, an additional overflow discharge (not shown) can be added to holdingreservoir 70. - A benefit of the arrangement illustrated in
FIG. 2 is that in the case of a failure of either of thepumps flow equalization pipe 72, the problems of swamping the burner, emptying the SCV or draining of the whole system can be avoided. For example, ifpump 36 fails, pump 44 will draw water out of thebasin 42 and supply it to theSCV 10. However, all the water that is added to theSCV 10 will exit via theoutlet tube 64 andmain port 60 to avoid an overflow, and will enter theweir 62 and thereservoir 68, and by virtue of theflow equalization pipe 72 the levels L3 and L4 will rise together. As the level L3 reaches the height of theport 43, the water will be fed directly to thebasin 42 and continue to re-circulate as described above. In such a system, the heating tower will not be adding heat to the water, but essentially a short circuit is created such that water is not lost and the SCV can continue to operate on its own. - In the case of a failure of
pump 44, pump 36 will withdraw fluid from thereservoir 68 and pump it through thecooling tower 30. Sincepump 44 is inoperative, the fluid in the basin will rise such that it exits the weir 41 and enters thereservoir 70, traveling through theflow equalization pipe 72 back to thereservoir 68. In this case, another short circuit is provided where the heating tower will operate but will not be interacting in any way with the SCV. Thus, the SCV can continue to operate on its own. -
Valves SCV 10 can be isolated from the heating tower when desired. The valve at theoutlet port 60 may also be closed in connection with this. - In the illustrated embodiment of
FIG. 2 , it will be appreciated that the levels L4 and L3 will tend to stay equalized with each other due to theflow equalization pipe 72. Thereservoir 68 is depicted as being essentially attached to theSCV 10, and thereservoir 70 as essentially attached to thecooling tower 30. However, when the terrain of installation requires that the cooling tower be of a substantially different elevation from the SCV, then suitable plumbing modifications can be made so that these reservoirs can exist at the same height. - Similarly, in the illustration of
FIG. 2 , the levels L1 and L2 are shown as being substantially the same. However, again, where thecooling tower 30 is installed at a substantially different elevation than theSCV 10, these levels do not need to be the same as each other. Rather, suitable plumbing can be implemented to connect to the reservoirs to their respective heat exchange devices. - The many features and advantages of the invention are apparent from the detailed specification, and thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of the invention which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and variations will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/851,892 US20090065181A1 (en) | 2007-09-07 | 2007-09-07 | System and method for heat exchanger fluid handling with atmospheric tower |
CN2008801061823A CN101815918B (en) | 2007-09-07 | 2008-08-27 | Hydraulic system and method for heat exchanger fluid handling with atmospheric tower |
PCT/US2008/074437 WO2009032682A1 (en) | 2007-09-07 | 2008-08-27 | Hydraulic system and method for heat exchanger fluid handling with atmospheric tower |
BRPI0816271A BRPI0816271A2 (en) | 2007-09-07 | 2008-08-27 | hydraulic system and method for handling atmospheric tower heat exchanger fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/851,892 US20090065181A1 (en) | 2007-09-07 | 2007-09-07 | System and method for heat exchanger fluid handling with atmospheric tower |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20090065181A1 true US20090065181A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
Family
ID=40429302
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/851,892 Abandoned US20090065181A1 (en) | 2007-09-07 | 2007-09-07 | System and method for heat exchanger fluid handling with atmospheric tower |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090065181A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101815918B (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0816271A2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009032682A1 (en) |
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US20080251036A1 (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2008-10-16 | Hannum Mark C | Submerged combustion vaporizer with low nox |
US20090064688A1 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2009-03-12 | Spx Cooling Technologies, Inc. | Control system and method for vaporizer with heating tower |
US20110107787A1 (en) * | 2008-04-01 | 2011-05-12 | Holger Sedlak | Vertically Arranged Heat Pump and Method of Manufacturing the Vertically Arranged Heat Pump |
US20110186545A1 (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2011-08-04 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Feedforward temperature control for plasma processing apparatus |
US20120132397A1 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2012-05-31 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Temperature control in plasma processing apparatus using pulsed heat transfer fluid flow |
US9639097B2 (en) | 2010-05-27 | 2017-05-02 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Component temperature control by coolant flow control and heater duty cycle control |
US10274270B2 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2019-04-30 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Dual zone common catch heat exchanger/chiller |
US10809015B2 (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2020-10-20 | Dmg Mori Co., Ltd. | Coolant supply device |
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CN103629693B (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2016-03-30 | 北京市燃气集团有限责任公司 | The control system of LNG immersion combustion gasifier and control method |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101815918A (en) | 2010-08-25 |
BRPI0816271A2 (en) | 2017-10-31 |
WO2009032682A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
CN101815918B (en) | 2012-10-17 |
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