RU2373456C2 - Deaeration plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating systems.

SUBSTANCE: plant is meant for deaeration and can be used in heat power engineering. Deaeration plant includes storage tank of deaerated water, vortex centrifugal deaerator, being the first plant stage, drip deaerator, being the second plant stage, deaerated water discharge pipeline from storage tank, contact vapour cooler, with inlet connection pipe of cooling water and outlet connection pipe of cooling water mixed with vapour condensate, with connection pipes supplying vapour from storage tank and from vortex centrifugal deaerator, with connection pipe discharging vapour from contact vapour cooler, which is connected to atmosphere or to suction connection pipe of ejector or vacuum pump. Outlet connection pipe of cooling water mixed with vapour condensate from contact vapour cooler is connected by a pipeline to cooling water storage tank equipped with circulation pump, the suction connection pipe of which is connected to the above tank. The delivery one is connected by a pipeline to supply connection pipe of cooling water of contact vapour cooler. In the space of discharge pipeline from contact vapour cooler or supply pipeline thereto, there installed is heat exchanger-cooler of cooling water.

EFFECT: invention provides for production of deaerated water and condensate for feeding steam boilers or for other needs.

3 cl, dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy and can be used for thermal deaeration of make-up water of heating networks, as well as for the production of condensate (demineralized water) for steam boilers from a vapor of network deaerators.

The most widespread in the Russian energy sector for the deaeration of make-up water of the heating network are atmospheric deaerators of the jet and jet-bubbling type DA and DSA and vacuum deaerators of the DV and DSV type (see L.1. P. 49, Fig. 23 and Fig. 24. I. I.Oliker “Thermal deaeration of water in heating and production boilers and heating networks.” Publishing House of Building Literature. Leningrad, 1972) and jet-bubble type (L.1, p. 54, 55, Fig. 27, 28).

Deaeration units of jet-bubble type have many disadvantages leading to their unsatisfactory operation:

1. They require a large specific evaporation. With normative evaporation (1.5-2.0 kg per ton of deaerated water for atmospheric deaerators and 5 kg / so on for vacuum), the quality of deaeration drops sharply.

2. They require the obligatory supply of steam to the bubbler to the deaerator. They cannot work on the “initial effect” (without supplying a deaerating medium). At the same time, the condensate formed during condensation of the heating steam goes into the heating system and disappears for use in steam boilers, and it has to be compensated for with expensive demineralized water.

3. Have a shallow depth of performance regulation.

4. Have a large metal consumption.

5. During start-up, severe water hammer is observed.

6. For condensation of water vapor contained in the vapor, surface heat exchangers (vapor coolers (OV)) are used. The heat transfer coefficient through the wall of the heating surfaces -OV is 2,000 times lower than with direct contact of steam with water (than in contact evaporator coolers - HVAC). OV brass tubes fail from corrosion in 3-4 years, and deaerators work with the release of vapor into the atmosphere, losing heat.

But rarely used, nozzle deaerators operating on the “initial effect” are used, when deaerated water is sprayed through the nozzles in the vapor space of the vessel, overheating above the boiling point at a steady pressure in the vessel. However, such deaerators have a small depth of load control and frequent clogging of nozzles. For example, at CHPP-3 in Omsk, with an average heating system feed of 1800 t / h (maximum recharge - 3500 t / h), six atmospheric-type atomizer deaerators operating on the “initial effect” were installed. Nozzles removed due to frequent clogging. The water in front of the deaerator is heated in surface heaters to 107-110 ° C. With a total load of six deaerators of 2000 t / h or more, the oxygen content in deaerated water is higher than normal.

Most of these deficiencies were eliminated in two-stage deaeration plants using centrifugal-vortex deaerators (CVP) as the first stage and as the second stage, droplet deaerators, which are dispersing devices located in the upper part of the deaerated water storage tank (see L. 2. RF patent No. 1454781 “Deaeration plant”, where a deaerator protected by RF patent No. 2131555 (L.3) or L.4 is used as the first stage, RF patent No. 2151341 “Deaerator”, in which a centrifugal-vortex deaerator and drip deaerator are combined in one unit, L. 5 "Deaeration installation" RF patent No. 2242672, articles in the magazines L. 6 "Industrial energy", No. 11 for 1999, pp. 11-14, "News of heat supply", No. 1 for 2001, p. 28, Energetik magazine, No. 4 for 2000, pp. 28-29, “Heat Supply News”, No. 1 for 2006).

These deaerators can operate on the “initial effect” (without steam supply to the bubbler) both in atmospheric and vacuum modes, if the deaerated water is overheated above the boiling point.

For example, at CHPP-9 in Angarsk (Irkutskankergo), network deaerators with a capacity of 500 t / h (2 pcs.) And 1200 t / h (1 pcs.) Operating in atmospheric mode were reconstructed according to the indicated inventions. Water is heated in surface heat exchangers to 106 ° C and passed through a deaerator. Water boils, gives off vapor and cools to 102 ° С, being released from aggressive gases. Evaporated from atmospheric deaerators is supplied to vacuum deaerators as a working steam for heating deaerated water. At the CHPP-5 in Novosibirsk (Novosibirskenergo), the network deaeration plant for 1200 t / h, which consisted of three DSA-400 deaerators, previously worked unsatisfactorily due to the lack of heating steam for bubbling, was reconstructed according to the above inventions and converted to vacuum mode of operation. After the reconstruction, the installation began to work on the “initial effect” due to its preliminary heating to 80 ° C in surface heat exchangers. The resulting vapor condenses in a surface heat exchanger. Condensate from the surface coolers of the vapor was discharged into the storage tanks of deaerated water and was lost to the CHP.

At CHPP-1 in Yoshkar-Ola, the atmospheric-type network deaeration plant was reconstructed in accordance with RF patent No. 2242672. In it, cooling water along with the condensate of the vapor is supplied from the contact vapor cooler (HVAC) to a centrifugal vortex deaerator (CVP). The condensate of the vapor, which is valuable demineralized water for steam boilers, is lost to the CHPP, getting into the heating system. The evaporative contact cooler is more efficient than the surface cooler, since the heat transfer coefficient during steam condensation by the contact method is 2000 times higher than during heat transfer through the heating surface.

A deaeration plant protected by RF patent No. 2242672, in which the formula of patent No. 1454781 is fully embodied, was selected as a prototype. This installation is widely used when working in atmospheric and vacuum modes.

The prototype has a centrifugal vortex deaerator (CVP) as the first stage with the supply pipes of deaerated (source) water preheated in a surface heat exchanger (the deaerator can work without supplying a deaerating medium - on the “initial effect” if the deaerated water is overheated above the saturation temperature at given absolute pressure in the deaeration unit), the accumulator tank of deaerated water, in the upper (steam) part of which there is a dispersing device (drops KD deaerator), contact vapor cooler (HVAC), vent pipes (vapor-gas mixture) from the tank and from the CVP to the HVAC, pipelines for supplying cooling water to the HVAC, a pipeline for discharging heated cooling water from the HVAC connected to the CVC via a water-jet ejector, pipeline drainage of deaerated water from the storage tank, pipeline for the removal of non-condensable gases from the HVAC.

The disadvantage of this deaeration plant is that the condensate generated from the condensation of the vapor vapor, again enters the deaerator and then into the heating network and is not used for steam boilers requiring demineralized water.

The aim of the present invention is to eliminate this drawback and to create such a network deaeration plant with a contact vapor cooler that would not only deaerate the heating water of the heating system, but also produce condensate for steam boilers, that is, it would be an evaporator-generator of condensate (demineralized water) for supplying steam boilers.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the deaeration unit contains a deaerated water storage tank, a centrifugal vortex deaerator, which is the first installation stage, a deaerator drip, which is the second installation stage, the deaerated water discharge pipe from the storage tank, an evaporative contact cooler with a cooling water inlet pipe and the discharge pipe of the mixture of cooling water and the resulting condensate of the vapor, with the pipes for supplying vapor from the storage tank and from the centrifugal-vortex deaerato and with nozzle discharge vapor refrigerant vapor from the contact connected with the atmosphere or with the suction pipe of the ejector or vacuum pump. The discharge pipe of the mixture of cooling water and the resulting condensate of vapor from the contact cooler of the vapor is connected by a pipe to the cooling water collection tank equipped with a circulation pump, the suction pipe of which is connected to the said tank, and the discharge pipe is connected by a pipe to the supply pipe of the cooling water of the contact cooler of vapor, and into the cut of the discharge pipe from the contact cooler of the vapor or the supply pipe to it is installed heat exchanger-cooler cooling boiling water,

The cooling water collection tank may have an overflow conduit connected to the condensate tank.

The discharge pipe of the circulation pump can have a discharge pipe for removing excess condensate from the vapor, and a valve that controls the water level in the cooling water collection tank is installed on the pipe for removing excess condensate.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a diagram of a deaeration plant.

The deaeration unit has a deaerated water storage tank 1, a centrifugal-vortex deaerator 2 (CVP), a droplet deaerator 3 (dispersing device), a contact evaporator cooler 4 (HVAC), which is a contact condenser for vapor water vapor, a source water heater 5 of the second or third stage , the regulator 6 of the water level in the tank 1, the pipeline of the source (deaerated) water 7, the heat exchanger 8 is a cooler of cooling water (cooling condensate), it is a heater of the source water of the first stage, which can be installed on the acceleration pipe 17 or on the lift 16, a cooling water (condensate) collecting tank 9 connected to the atmosphere by a supply pipe 24 or an open hatch, a cooling water (condensate) circulation pump 10, a condensate collection pipe 11 with a valve 12 controlling the water level in the tank 9 , an overflow pipe 13 connected to a condensate tank (installation of a pipe 11 with a valve 12 is not necessary if the condensate collection tank has its own water level regulator), a branch pipe 14 for venting the vapor from tank 1, a nozzle 15 for venting the vapor from the CVP, 16, 17 - circulation cooling water (condensate) pipelines, 18 - a glass for receiving cooling water (condensate), 19 - an OVK test pipe connected to the atmosphere, 20 - a pipe for removing non-condensable gases into the ejector (only when operating in a vacuum mode), 21 filling pipe tank 9 with condensate or chemically purified water at start-up. Through the pipe 22, deaerated water is taken from the tank 1. On the pipe 22, when operating in atmospheric mode, a deaerated water cooler 23 can be installed through which deaerated water passes to recharge the heating network or to the battery tank. West (breathing) pipe 24 on the tank 9 is used to remove residual gases released from the condensate in the tank 9, 25 - pump deaerated water.

The operation of the installation in atmospheric mode is as follows.

The source (deaerated) water enters through the pipeline 7 through a heat exchanger 8 (condensate cooler), where it partially heats and cools the working (cooling) water (condensate). Further, the initial water is heated in heaters 23 and 5 to a temperature above 100 ° C (up to 107-130 ° C) and enters the centrifugal-vortex deaerator 2 (CVP), where it acquires rotational motion with a phase boundary and boils, cooling. Next, the water enters the drip deaerator 3 (KD), where it acquires a rotational movement and, leaving the openings of the KD, is sprayed into small drops, cooled, gives vapor and flows into tank 1. The water temperature drops to 102-104 ° C, the pressure in the tank 1 sets 0.1-0.2 kgf / cm ² . The vapor from the HPP is removed through pipe 15, and from tank 1 through pipe 14 in HVAC (4), where water vapor condenses by direct contact with cooling water (condensing water is cooling water). If the tank 9 is filled not with condensate, but with chemically purified water, then after some time it will be replaced by condensate from the vapor. Non-condensable gases are removed through the pipe 19 to the atmosphere or through the pipe 20 to the ejector, and the condensate together with cooling water enters the tank 9 through the pipe 17 through the heat exchanger 8. The circulation pump 10 creates a continuous circulation of condensate from the tank 9 through the pipe 16 to the HVAC (4) , through pipe 17 through heat exchanger 8 to tank 9. For better removal of gases in tank 9 there is an overflow cup for receiving cooling water (condensate) 18. The amount of condensate continuously arrives, and it is discharged through overflow pipe 13 into the condensate tank or through the water supply 11 and the valve 12, regulating the water level, if the condensate is sent directly to the boiler deaerator.

The formation of a closed circulation system associated with the HVAC and having a circulating cooling water heat exchanger-cooler allows the condensate formed from the vapor to be collected in the tank, cooled, and used as a condensing refrigerant (cooling water) in the HVAC, removing excesses of demineralized water to consumers. Instead of the losses of scarce condensate that occur in network jet-bubbler deaerators, a source of condensate is obtained, which can be used to power steam boilers and for other needs. The network deaerator becomes a condensate generator. The evaporative contact cooler allows condensate to be produced in large quantities. Overheating of deaerated water for every 10 ° C above the boiling point in the deaerator allows you to get 16 kg of condensate from each ton of deaerated water.

Claims (3)

1. A deaeration unit containing a deaerated water storage tank, a centrifugal-vortex deaerator, which is the first installation stage, a deaerator drip, which is the second installation stage, a deaerated water discharge pipe from the storage tank, an evaporative contact cooler with a cooling water inlet pipe and a discharge pipe mixtures of cooling water and the resulting condensate of the vapor, with the nozzles for supplying vapor from the storage tank and from the centrifugal-vortex deaerator, with the pipe for removing the vapor from contact evaporator cooler connected to the atmosphere or to the suction nozzle of the ejector or vacuum pump, characterized in that the discharge nozzle of the mixture of cooling water and the resulting condensate vapor from the vapor cooler contact is connected by a pipe to the cooling water collection tank equipped with a circulation pump, the suction nozzle of which is connected to said tank, and the discharge pipe is connected to the inlet pipe of the cooling water of the contact cooler vapor, and in dissection tvodyaschego pipeline from contact cooler or vapor supply pipe thereto exchanger-cooler cooling water is installed. 2. The deaeration plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling water collection tank has an overflow pipe connected to the condensate tank. 3. The deaeration plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge pipe of the circulation pump has a discharge pipe for discharging the excess condensate from the vapor, and a valve that controls the water level in the cooling water collection tank is installed on the discharge pipe of the excess condensate.

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